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In exposure therapy and virtual reality exposure therapy, therapists face highly individual patients that have individual conditions. This leads to the challenge of individualized therapy, for which virtual reality systems need to account for. This paper investigates a prototype that allows a flexible therapy of public speaking anxiety using live-interactions from a therapist, which contain transitions from 2D to 3D interactions. Therapists are able to embody an avatar in the patient’s virtual audience on purpose. We oriented our design at continuous interactions in the three dimensions: cognitive, perceptual, and functional continuity. We evaluated whether the design is beneficial for the users. For this evaluation, we conducted a study with eight non-therapist participants to assess the general usability and design aspects of continuous interaction. Our results indicate that using continuous interactions is beneficial for the use in this kind of system. For the design, we need to find ways to balance the cognitive load with the opportunities that arise, especially when these systems are scaling bigger.

Mixed and Virtual Reality (XR) have seen an important development since the advent of low-cost technologies. The application space is still diversifying, opening up new opportunities and application areas for such technologies. An important common feature of Mixed and Virtual Reality applications is that designers and engineers need to orchestrate virtual content and user experience. We regard orchestration of Mixed and Virtual Reality as invisible work: in many cases, orchestration is hidden within the task of story scripting of applications. It is often occluded by designing and programming Mixed and Virtual Reality. As such, orchestration is regarded as a means to a goal, which occludes its importance for the design of XR systems. We would like to invite the research community to address this issue, by focusing this workshop on highlighting and exemplifying orchestration challenges and best practices, and to systematise the orchestration topic in the context of the recent technology advances. We will consider a wide range of orchestration cases, from completely pre-orchestrated to live-orchestrated Mixed and Virtual Reality. Based on that knowledge, we aim to consider novel tools to support designers and users in their orchestration work. We invite scholars and practitioners to contribute to our workshop, with cases from their work.

Movement plays an increasingly important role in interactive systems design, from users’ physical engagement, to how designed artefacts can move or be moved, and to the concert between users and artefacts. Designers, as well as programmers, have to engage more and more in physical activities when they want to create appealing experiences involving movement. There is a need for articulating emerging dialogues between designers, developers, and their materials. We will explore such dialogues in a 2-half-day workshop, focusing on data and its challenges, on tools and methods, on sensing and actuation when designing or detecting subtle body movements, and on catering for bodily changes over time.

Wireless backhaul using line-of-sight MIMO (LOS-MIMO) has the potential to support the increased data-rate demands brought by the introduction of the fifth generation of mobile access technology. In this paper, we present results from an outdoor 1.5-km link using eight LOS-MIMO streams in a single channel. The link operated at E-band (70/80 GHz) using commercial radios and unsynchronized oscillators. An aggregated throughput of 139 Gbps was achieved with a 99.965% availability, resulting in a spectrum efficiency of 55.6 bps/Hz. Moreover, the robustness of the link at suboptimal deployments was verified, agreeing well with the theoretically expected results. Such microwave links are of great importance for future generation mobile broadband networks, providing a cost-effective alternative to fiber backhaul.

In today’s era of digitalization of education, Computer Supported Collaborative Learning is becoming increasingly important in higher education. This type of learning has been frequently associated in the recent research literature with student regulation, feedback from peers and a student assessment schema which can incorporate both formative and summative assessment strategies. This work-in-progress paper presents the CLASS system which caters for all these aspects. Furthermore, the system supports mechanisms for the prevention of the free riding phenomenon, which has been reported in the literature as one of the most important disadvantages in group student work. The paper discusses the higher education context in which the CLASS system was developed and used, along with its design affordances and how these affordances can facilitate CSCL. The paper can be useful to designers and developers of CSCL systems as well as to practitioners that are interested in how they can exploit CSCL with their students working in groups.

The current generation of dedicated Mixed Reality (MR) devices can be considered as the first generation, which is truly mobile while also being capable of sufficient tracking and rendering. These improvements offer new opportunities for the on-set use of MR devices enabling new ways of using MR. However, these new use cases raise challenges for the design and orchestration of MR applications as well as how these new technologies influence their field of application. In this paper, we present MR On-SeT, a MR occupational health and safety training application, which is based on the experiences of an operational division of a world-wide operating German company. The intended purpose of MR On-SeT is to increase employees’ awareness of potential hazards at industrial workplaces by using it in occupational health and safety training sessions. Since the application is used at various locations throughout the company’s world-wide subsidiaries, we were able to evaluate it through an expert survey with the occupational health and safety managers of seven plants in France, Germany, Japan, and Romania. They reported the condensed experience of around 540 training sessions collected within three months. The purpose of the evaluation was twofold: 1. to understand their perceived attitudes towards the application-in-use, and 2. to collect feedback they received from respondents in training sessions. The results suggest that MR On-SeT can be used to extend current, predominantly theoretical, methods of teaching occupational health and safety at work, which also motivates existing employees to actively engage in the training sessions. Based on the findings, several further design implications are proposed.

The state of polarization and the carrier phase drift dynamically during transmission in a random fashion in coherent optical fiber communications. The typical digital signal processing solution to mitigate these impairments consists of two separate blocks that track each phenomenon independently. Such algorithms have been developed without taking into account mathematical models describing the impairments. We study a blind, model-based tracking algorithm to compensate for these impairments. The algorithm dynamically recovers the carrier phase and state of polarization jointly for an arbitrary modulation format. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, having a fast convergence rate and an excellent tolerance to phase noise and dynamic drift of the polarization. The computational complexity of the algorithm is lower compared to state-of-the-art algorithms at similar or better performance, which makes it a strong candidate for future optical systems.

This paper examines the potential of describing interactive systems in a declarative manner with concepts familiar to both developers and designers. Such declarative interaction descriptions will enable evolutionary prototyping processes. This new type of design and development processes that can emerge with declarative interaction is described along with benefits for human-centred system design. A few challenges are raised for future research in this area.

Model Based User Interface Development offers the possibility to design User Interfaces without being concerned about the underlying implementation. This is achieved by devising models at a high level of abstraction, thus creating the potential for involving users or domain experts to achieve a user-centered design process. Obtaining a running interactive application from such models usually requires several model transformations. One of the current problems is that while a user interface is generated after these transformations, other parts of the interactive system such as the application logic need to pre-exist or they must be written manually before the interface can be tested in a realistic scenario. This leaves the domain experts dependent on programmers and increases the time between iterations. In this paper we work with Query Annotations, which were previously used only for modeling at low levels and for generating fully functional interfaces, and we aim to generalize them for the high-level modeling approach called Discourse Modeling. The direct expected benefit of this generalization is the possibility to generate complete, readily testable interactive prototypes, rather than just their user interfaces. In addition, Query Annotations can serve as the mapping between the various levels of abstraction and bring to the domain experts a better understanding of the transformation process, as well as the possibility to modify the interfaces and models directly.

We propose a modified Volterra series digital backpropagation algorithm that accounts for polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) effects. The algorithm accounts only for nonlinear terms that are PMD-insensitive, leading to both performance enhancement and substantial complexity reduction.

This paper addresses the problem of multiple temperature probes calibration and recalibration for use in demanding medical application. The architecture of the overall calibration system is introduced and the mechanism of calibration data transfer with RFID tag is indicated. A high performance temperature regulation is crucial for the success of the proposed calibration setup. Since the implementation of advanced control mechanism can greatly benefit from an accurate modeling of the calibrator components, control architecture able to use this knowledge is introduced and the transfer functions of the main components are identified based on experimental data.

Electric cars (EVs) are a promising alternative to combustion engine cars to lower emissions and fossil fuel dependencies. On the downside, in comparison to internal combustion engine cars (ICE), the user experience (UX) of EVs is seriously compromised due to shorter and more varied driving range depending on driving style other context of use. A further complication is that recovering from unexpectedly low battery levels is tedious due to long charging times. This causes range stress among drivers and research has highlighted a need to improve the information and tools available in order for drivers to better understand range-influencing factors and estimations, leading to increased reliability, and trust in the information. This currently leads to poor UX that may shadow all the benefits and other important environmental and experiential qualities of electric cars. In this chapter, we will provide an introduction to the subject and go through some of our studies and key lessons that have emerged from our research. In particular, we have come to the realisation that we need to energy-empower electric car drivers in order for them to be able to conceptualise how energy is intertwined with their actions and behaviour while driving. This is important, as current tools fail to provide such empowerment, causing unnecessary surprises and worries among the drivers who call the standard tool available in the electric car for the ‘guess-o-meter’. Through our designs and discussion we demonstrate how some aspects might be addressed to energy empower electric car drivers.

This paper describes how people make sense of and use constellations of technologies in a nomadic setting, and it illustrates how maintaining and orchestrating a variety of applications and devices becomes an essential part of nomadic practices. The data were collected over a period of 3 years at a technical university by means of two field studies. Particular attention is drawn to how the situated orchestration of devices and applications within a group’s constellation reflects university students’ concern to manage their projects at a number of locations, as well as issues of time and circulation of resources. The analysis brings into focus how constellations of technologies emerge and dissolve within collaborative ensembles that only exist for the duration of a project, and how this can cause appropriation issues within groups.

Task models are introduced in several use-cases in academia. They are usually created in collaboration between different people and disciplines. There exist many notations and associated graphical editors to create the models. However, these editors do not have integrated functions to support collaborative work. In this work, we propose the integration of collaborative functions in the HAMSTERS task modeling tool.

The trend of Open Data and Internet-of-Things initiatives contribute to the ever growing amount of data available through web APIs. While building web applications has become easier with recent advancement in web development technologies and proliferation of JavaScript frameworks, the access to data from various APIs and data stores still poses certain challenges. It often requires complex setup and advanced programming skills that hinder the rapid prototyping efforts. Therefore, we propose Endev, a declarative framework for prototyping applications that is built on modern web technologies and supports building modern web applications, that utilize the vast amount of available data, without the need for setup or write complex JavaScript code.

The trend of “open data” coupled with the recentsadvancement in web development technologies and thesproliferation of JavaScript frameworks has helped popularizesprogramming of interactive web applications. Still, some of thescommon features of today’s web applications that access datasfrom own data stores or from web services require a complexssetup or a significant amount of programming knowledge, andsthus make it hard for developers to quickly prototype applicationssand iterate on solutions. Therefore, we propose Endev,sa declarative framework for prototyping applications that usescloud data storage or web service data. By not needing to writesany JavaScript code or set up any servers, Endev provides a lowslearning threshold. We show that Endev is perceived useful andseasy to use through a study with 15 developers. QC 20161124

International audience; This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the IFIP WG 13.2/13.5 Joint Working Conferences: 6th International Conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering, HCSE 2016, and 8th International Conference on Human Error, Safety, and System Development, HESSD 2016, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in August 2016. The 11 full papers and 14 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers cover various topics such as integration of software engineering and user-centered design; HCI models and model-driven engineering; incorporating guidelines and principles for designing usable products in the development process; usability engineering; methods for user interface design; patterns in HCI and HCSE; software architectures for user interfaces; user interfaces for special environments; representations for design in the development process; working with iterative and agile process models in HCSE; social and organizational aspects in the software development lifecycle; human-centric software development tools; user profiles and mental models; user requirements and design constraints; and user experience and software design.

In this paper we present a visualization of estimated and real energy consumption while driving, as a tool to compare the driving to what might be considered "typical" driving. This is particularly relvant to cases where the driver wants to be aware of the energy consumption in order to reach a particular destination and avoid a "lead foot", or otherwise when learning to drive efficiently.

Models of high-level interaction design are usually based on procedural representation. For knowledge representation and reasoning, however, declarative representations are preferred. In this paper, we define purely declarative high-level interaction models based on theories of human communication. In contrast, earlier attempts to define purely declarative models resulted for pragmatic reasons in a mixed representation including procedural constructs within the overall declarative model structure. We show how the declarative models can be operationalized into behavioral (abstract) UI models corresponding to those generated from the mixed representation. Based on an implementation integrated with an existing framework for GUI generation, we show that and how it is possible to automatically generate GUIs from purely declarative models as well.

Query languages are usually small, powerful and easy to learn, and that motivated us to investigate their role in modeling user interfaces. We explore annotation of template user interface with queries, especially embedded queries, to achieve partial generation of user interface with the ability to generate user interface with interaction styles such as form fillin and direct manipulation. Our model-driven development approach targets especially highly interactive data intensive applications. While our query-oriented user interface modeling principles have already been applied in an agile development environment, the role of this paper is to present a generalization of query-oriented modeling towards more interaction styles. Our modeling approach is annotation-based, thereby lightweight, and although it operates at a lower level than most current UI modeling approaches, its shows promising potential.

Energy and design of energy-feedback are becoming increasingly important in the mobile HCI community. Our application area concerns electric vehicles, we thus depart from home and workplace appliances and address range and energy anxiety caused by short driving distance capabilities and long charging times in mobile settings. Meanwhile some research has been done on energy management of mobile devices, less has been done on mobility devices like electric vehicles. We explore this topic by letting conventional fuel car drivers reflect on their current driving habits through an exploration tool that we developed. Our results demonstrate three dimensions related to energy availability to consider for design of energy dependent mobility devices and provide explanations on how these dimensions could be utilize in our design through energy visualizations. With this we contributed not only by demonstrating aspects of energy availability and mobility, but also through opening up for new interesting possibilities and inquires in our and possibly other domains.

Designing in an interdisciplinary context is challenging, and it is even more so when it has to be done remotely. For such remote interdisciplinary designing, we propose video prototypes as artifacts for supporting the interaction design process. In this paper, we present a case study where we have successfully used video prototypes for collaboratively designing a modeling tool. This tool is supposed to provide Dialogue Design Support for creating multimodal user interfaces. The new and important aspect of this case study was using video prototypes for joint interactive designing done remotely, and also between disciplines.

Energy and design of energy-feedback are becoming increasingly important in the HCI community. Our application area concerns electric vehicles, we thus depart from home and workplace appliances and address range and energy anxiety caused by short driving distance capabilities and long charging times in mobile settings. We explore this topic by letting conventional fuel car drivers reflect on their current driving habits through an exploration tool that we use as a technology probe. Our preliminary results demonstrate the educational values of the energy representations in the tool, and we also identify a design tension for map-related energy representations. © ACM, 2012. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in "CHI EA '12 Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference extended abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2212776.2223766QC 20120607

Computer-support cooperative work has been studied extensively and achieved applications that are widely useful. However, there was not much emphasis on support through robots for cooperative work. So, there is no deep understanding of what is needed to support tasks that involve individually moving communication partners and for which the physical context is relevant. This work shows an example of robot-supported cooperative work, where two robots communicate with each other to indirectly support communication between their human users. This example is a shared-shopping scenario. For its realization, we make use of high-level discourse models both for specifying communication between a robot shopping cart and its human user, and between two robot carts. The emerging communication from such intertwined discourses supports a shared (shopping) task of their two human users, who collaborate based on the shopping list shared in this way. Such support is important in a setting where the physical context is relevant, e.g., the vicinity to products.

Spreading activation (also known as spread of activation) is a method for searching associative networks, neural networks or semantic networks. The method is based on the idea of quickly spreading an associative relevancy measure over the network. The goal is to give an expanded introduction to the method. The authors will demonstrate and describe in sufficient detail that this method can be applied to very diverse problems and applications. They present the method as a general framework. First they will present this method as a very general class of algorithms on large (or very large) so-called multidimensional networks which will serve a mathematical model. Then they will define so-called micro-applications of the method including local search, relationship/association search, polycentric queries, computing of dynamic local ranking, etc. Finally they will present different applications of the method including ontology-based text processing, unsupervised document clustering, collaborative tagging systems, etc.

In addition to the structure and “look” of a user interface (UI), its behavior needs to be defined. For a fullyautomated UI generation, of course, it will have to be generated fully automatically as well. We avoid that finite-state machines or similar would have to be created manually by a UI designer. Instead, we start from a largely declarative high-level discourse model including a few procedural constructs. Based on our definitions of the procedural semantics of all parts of such a discourse model, we are able to automatically generate a finite-state machine that fully defines the behavior of the generated UI. In this way, we show how automatic generation of the behavior of a user interface is possible from a high-level discourse model.

User-interface design is still a time consuming and expensive task to do, but recent advances allow generating them from interaction design models. We present a model-driven approach for generating user interfaces out of interaction design models. Our interaction design models are discourse models, more precisely models of classes of dialogues. They are based on theories of human communication and should, therefore, be more understandable to humans than programs implementing user interfaces. Our discourse models also contain enough semantics to transform them automatically into user interfaces for multiple devices and modalities. This paper presents a two-step transformation approach with an intermediate user interface model. By showing specific transformation rules, we concentrate on a major part of the first step, transforming discourse models to structural user interface models.

Communication between humans is multimodal and involves movements as well. While communication between humans and robots is becoming more and more multimodal, movements of a robot in 2D space have not yet been used for communication. In this paper, we present a new approach to multimodal communication with (semi-)autonomous robots, that even includes movements of a robot in 2D space as a form of expressing communicative acts. We also show how such a multimodal human-robot interface can be generated from a discourse-based interaction design that does not even include information about modalities.

End users of software typically have to let someone else develop it and its user interface, or to learn to design and to program it themselves. Especially user interfaces developed by someone else may not fit well the given task. Designing and programming is hard and takes a lot of effort in general, and even more so for people not especially trained or experienced.Therefore, we propose end-user development of user interfaces through a new approach and interface for discourse modeling. End users may themselves model an interaction design as a discourse (in the sense of a dialogue between human and computer). From such an interaction design, eventually a user interface is to be generated automatically by a tool. As a consequence, end-user development becomes end-user modeling instead of programming.

Programming user interfaces is hard, error-prone and expensive, but recent advances allow generating them from interaction design models. We present an approach for modeling interaction design that is inspired by human communication. Our interaction design models are discourse models, more precisely models of dialogues. They are based on theories of human communication and should, therefore, be more understandable to humans than programs implementing user interfaces. The main ingredients of our models are communicative acts (Speech Act Theory), which are connected as adjacency pairs (Conversation Analysis) and via RST relations (Rhetorical Structure Theory). While RST provides useful means for modeling discourse in the sense of monologue, a dialogue results from connecting monologues via adjacency pairs. This paper presents a new metamodel that integrates these approaches. Based on it, we show how abstract user interfaces can be generated from such discourse models. In a nutshell, we generate finite-state machinery and employ rules devised by us to map parts of a discourse model to abstract widgets.

Most current models of interaction design build on scenarios and task analysis. We think that interaction design should be more along the lines of communication between humans. With this motivation, our paper presents a new approach to modeling interaction design based on insights from theories of human communication. From such discourse models, we aim for automated generation of user interfaces.

We report on a pilot study that is part of an ongoing project which investigates social awareness support for project groups made of students who may choose to work at the university, at home or at part-time job offices. The study involved the design and early evaluation of a prototype which augments a cooperative application with various sensorial and computational cues about co-worker presence. The sensing devices were installed and annotated by the users themselves. Based on this experience and inspired by "technomethodology", we suggest implications for design of awareness support and context-enabled devices.

Extending and reinterpreting earlier work on the 'Spatial Model', this paper presents a generic model for supporting awareness in cooperative systems ('the AETHER model') and an implementation of a prototype awareness engine. The applicability of the approach is investigated by showing how some of the fundamental functionality in CSCW applications (e.g. versioning and access control) can be supported by the engine and by 'simulating' some other applications from the CSCW literature The paper closes with a discussion of how the model facilitates the construction of flexible CSCW systems (e.g. workflow systems) supporting a variety of forms of awareness.

We propose a novel adaptive digital backpropagation (DBP) scheme that tracks the fiber polarization-mode dispersion via the optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio. Gains of up to 1.4 dB over conventional DBP are achieved.

An analytical model to describe the combined drift of the state of polarization and absolute phase is presented. To compensate for this drift, a novel, modulation format independent algorithm is proposed, which outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms.

Part 3: Task Modelling and Task-Based Approaches; International audience; Testing interactive systems is known to be a complex task that cannot be exhaustive. Indeed, the infinite number of combination of user input and the complexity of information presentation exceed the practical limits of exhaustive and analytical approach to testing [31]. Most interactive software testing techniques are produced by applying and tuning techniques from the field of software testing to try to address the specificities of interactive applications. When some elements cannot be taken into account by the software testing technique, they are usually ignored. In this paper we propose to follow an opposite approach, starting from a generic architecture for interactive systems (including both software and hardware elements) for identifying in a systematic way, testing problems and testing needs. This architecture-driven approach makes it possible to identify how software testing knowledge and techniques can support interactive systems testing but also where the interactive systems engineering community should invest in order to test their idiosyncrasies too.

Part 1: HCI Education and Training; International audience; Gamification, i.e. applying game elements in non-game contexts, is been increasingly used for designing systems and application elements to foster user engagement, enjoyment and support behavior change. Experts agree that, to be efficient, gamification strategies should be designed in a user-centric fashion. However, current user-centered design approaches in gamification primarily involve users during user research and iterative testing. In this paper, we describe an ideation approach for involving users in the conceptualization of gamification, making the gamification design process a more participatory activity, a process done with the user rather then for the user. Our results show that our method fostered participation without confining creativity. Participants were able to generate many ideas, several of them being “out of the box”.

Part 6: Posters and Demos; International audience; The DevOps-approach becomes more and more important because of the success of agile software development in conjunction with the continuously changing reality. It aims at unifying development and operations. A common team is responsible for both domains. Additionally, there are approaches like Continuous Software Engineering with the intention to unify business administration (Biz) and development. Even tool chains for BizDevOps are possible. The paper discusses aspects of BizDev and BizDevOps using a subject-oriented approach for supporting aspects of HCD. The focus lies on modeling user activities and business processes. Additionally, the role of domain-specific textual languages is discussed. Most important is the fact that methods from HCI like task modeling or storytelling can support BizDev and BizDevOps.

Part 6: Posters and Demos; International audience; The communication between the human and robot in the social networked industry plays a crucial role. Autonomous robots navigate freely through the warehouses and therefore need to convey their intentions and tasks in an intuitive and understandable manner for its human counterpart. This study examines the icons on the e-Paper display of the ATV EMILI. Tasks of EMILI are the transportation of goods and collaborating with its user by adjusting its height for a safer ergonomic use. The robot communicates its status and intention via its display. The icons transfer task or error messages to its users. The icons have been evaluated in an iterative process consisting of three test phases. Based on the results of the different test phases and the technical restrictions new icons have not been developed until the requirements of the users have been matched. The error icons have been standardized and did not cause any ambiguity in their meaning, whereas the task icons had to be removed and new icons had to be developed.

Part 4: Tools and Tool-Support; International audience; Collaborative robot-assisted production has great potential for high variety low volume production lines. These type of production lines are common in both personal fabrication settings as well as in several types of flexible production lines. Moreover, many assembly tasks are in fact hard to complete by a single user or a single robot, and benefit greatly from a fluent collaboration between both. However, programming such systems is cumbersome, given the wide variation of tasks and the complexity of instructing a robot how it should move and operate in collaboration with a human user.In this paper we explore the case of collaborative assembly for personal fabrication. Based on a CAD model of the envisioned product, our software analyzes how this can be composed from a set of standardized pieces and suggests a series of collaborative assembly steps to complete the product. The proposed tool removes the need for the end-user to perform additional programming of the robot. We use a low-cost robot setup that is accessible and usable for typical personal fabrication activities in Fab Labs and Makerspaces. Participants in a first experimental study testified that our approach leads to a fluent collaborative assembly process. Based on this preliminary evaluation, we present next steps and potential implications.

Part 3: Task Modelling and Task-Based Approaches; International audience; Evaluation results focusing on usability and user experience are often difficult to be taken into account during an iterative design process. This is due to the fact that evaluation exploits concrete artefacts (prototype or system) while design and development are based on more abstract descriptions such as task models or software models. As concrete data cannot be represented, evaluation results are just discarded. This paper addresses the problem of discrepancy between abstract view of task models and concrete data produced in evaluations by first, describing the requirements for a task modelling notation: (a) representation of data for each individual participant, (b) representation of aggregated data for one evaluation as well as (c) several evaluations and (d) the need to visualize multi-dimensional data from the evaluation as well as the interactive system gathered during runtime. Second: by showing how the requirements were integrated in a task modelling tool. Using an example from an experimental evaluation possible usages of the tool are demonstrated.

Part 1: HCI Education and Training; International audience; There is an increasing demand for software, suitable for large segments of users with different needs and competences. User-Centred Design (UCD) methods have been used in the software industry and taught to software developers to meet the various needs of users. The field of UCD covers a broad set of topics that can be covered in a range of courses with various content. In this paper we describe the design of a two-week course focusing on teaching UCD methods to students with various backgrounds that are useful for the students in the future. The course schedule included lectures and workshop activities where the lecturers taught UCD topics and coached the students in developing skills for using the selected UCD methods during the course to design and evaluate an interactive system. Additionally, we describe two types of course evaluations that we conducted: qualitative weekly evaluations and a post-course survey.The results show that students were in general positive about the course content and the combination of lectures and workshop activities. Hi-fi prototyping was the UCD method that the students rated as being most useful for the course and their future. They particularly liked how realistic these were for the users. The least useful method in the course and in the future was “Walking the Wall”, where students read an affinity diagram and make design suggestions. Finally, we suggest changes for a prospective course, based on the results of the evaluations.

Part 5: Usability Evaluation and UI Testing; International audience; Goal of this paper is to investigate usability and user experience (UX) of a touch-based control of user interfaces that the user can not directly interact with. An example is a user controlling the television screen via a touch interaction on the remote control, or the driver of a car using touch to control the input on the steering wheel for the middle-console screen.Based on a controlled within subject experiment investigating touch based interaction with and without a haptic mark we replicate findings on usability that it is significantly faster to complete a task with haptic marks on the touch area than without haptic marks. For user experience the dimensions of pragmatic quality and attractiveness were rated higher for touch input with a haptic landmark. The variation of user interface animations for target selection did not have a significant impact on user experience, showing that the tactile feedback is the most prominent factor to determine user experience.The contribution concludes with a discussion how replication of studies must become part of user-centered design and development processes to handle the threat of outdated research due to technology change.

Part 4: Tools and Tool-Support; International audience; The Trigger-Action programming paradigm has been widely adopted in the last few years, especially in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain because it allows end users without programming experience to describe how their applications should react to the many events that can occur in such very dynamic contexts. Several end user development tools exist, in both the research and industrial fields, which aim to support the increasing need to specify such rules. Thus, it becomes important for application developers and domain experts to enrich such environments with functionalities able to monitor how users actually interact with such rule editors, and show useful information to analyse the end user activity. In this paper, we present a visual tool for monitoring and analysing how users interact with a trigger-action rule editor. The goal is to provide a tool useful to better understand what end users’ personalization needs are, how they are expressed, how users actually specify rules, and whether users encounter any issues in interacting with the personalization features offered by the editors. The proposed solution supports the analysis through a dashboard and a set of timelines describing the actual use of the personalization tool, with the possibility to select specific events of interest. It moreover provides data useful for understanding the types of triggers, actions and rules actually composed by users, and whether they effectively exploit the personalization features offered.

Part 5: Usability Evaluation and UI Testing; International audience; Choosing the appropriate usability evaluation methods is a key part of the usability evaluation process of interactive adaptive systems. This step needs the consideration of different factors, leading to a multi-criteria decision analysis problem. In this paper, we present a review of the main factors reported in the literature which can affect the selection of usability evaluation methods for interactive adaptive systems. Three of the most commonly used usability evaluation methods are selected and classified according to these factors. The results of this research are used by applying a decision aid method in order to guide the choice of suitable usability evaluation methods for a given adaptive system in the field of tourism.

Part 1: Agile and Human-Centered Software Engineering; International audience; Continuous changing requirements of software are the result of continuously changing reality. This reality can be considered as the context of the software. Agile development methods allow quick adaptations to changing requirements. Initially, agile development methods were focused on the development of the application core only. Recently, process models were discussed that integrate HCI aspects. This paper will discuss ideas to integrate user evaluations into the development process. User interfaces are structured as UI-pattern instances. Tool support is provided that allows the specification of pattern instances as XAML specifications. Additionally, the tool allows the replacement of one pattern instance by another one. In this way, different versions of the same user interface can be generated rapidly without much effort. These different versions can be evaluated with the help of users. Based on these usability tests final decisions for the software design can be made. New requirements can be captured additionally. This will be based on feedback of the users.

Part 2: Usability Evaluation and Testing; International audience; User Centered Design processes argue for user testing in order to assess and improve the quality of the interactive systems developed. The underlying belief is that the findings from user testing related to usability and user experience will inform the design of the interactive system in a relevant manner. Unfortunately reports from the industrial practice indicate that this is not straightforward and a lot of data gathered during user tests is hard to understand and exploit. This paper claims that injecting results from user-tests in user-tasks descriptions support the exploitation of user test results for designing the n+1 prototype. In order to do so, the paper proposes a set of extensions to current task description techniques and a process for systematically populating task models with data and analysis gathered during user testing. Beyond the already known advantages of task models, these enriched task models provide additional benefits in different phases of the development process. For instance, it is possible to go beyond standard task-model based performance evaluation exploiting real performance data from usability evaluation. Additionally, it also supports task-model based comparisons of two alternative systems. It can also support performance prediction and overall supports identification of usability problems and identifies shortcomings for user experience. The application of such a process is demonstrated on a case study from the interactive television domain.

Part 8: Demos and Posters; International audience; Evaluating user experience (UX) is a complicated endeavour due to the multitude of existing factors, dimensions and concepts that all contribute to UX. We report lessons learned from conducting a user study that was adapted to not only evaluate usability but also several aspects of the user experience. In this study we evaluated some of the most important factors of user experience including aesthetics, emotions, meaning and value as well as naturalness. Based on these experiences we propose a set of possible improvements to enhance existing user study approaches. These improvements aim at incorporating a variety of methods to support the various aspects of user experience including all experiences before, during and after interaction with a product.

Part 4: Human Error and Safety-Critical Systems; International audience; Sound design of complex, interactive, safety critical systems is very important, yet difficult. A particular challenge in the design of safety-critical systems is a typical lack of access to large numbers of testers and an inability to test early designs with traditional usability assessment tools. This inability leads to reduced information available to guide design, a phenomenon referred to as the Collingridge dilemma. Our research proposes to address parts of this problem with the development of tools and techniques for generating useful information and assessing developing designs early, to minimize the need for late change. More generally, we describe a set of three tools and techniques to support the process of ensuring fitness-for-purpose of complex interactive systems, helping designers focus on interaction across different functions of an overall system. These different tools and techniques support different parts of the overall design and evaluation process, but are focused on improving the coverage and effectiveness of evaluating interaction.

Part 7: Using and Adopting Tools; International audience; Task modelling is a widely recognized activity when designing interactive applications. In this perspective, it is the meeting point between various stakeholders. However, most of the automatic environments that currently allow task modelling only support single users, thus limiting the possible interactions and discussions amongst them. In this paper we present Collaborative CTT, a new Web-based multi-user tool for specifying task models. The tool allows several users, who may even be physically separated, to work on the same model at the same or different time. Among its features, the tool includes mechanisms specific for this type of HCI modelling in order to support coordination, communication and mutual awareness among participants. We discuss the aspects we have addressed in designing the task modelling tool, its main collaborative features, and also report on user feedback gathered through formative tests.