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Curved displays promote three-dimensionality and may facilitate non-wearable virtual reality. Yet there is little design guidance on the optimal type of curvature that should be used. In this paper we have examined the perceived properties of convex and concave displays, at two different sizes. We conducted an experiment with 21 participants. Each participant was asked to make a series of binary choices after the participant viewed a display where one side was seen as convex and the opposite side was seen as concave. For each of 15 perceptual and aesthetic features, participants had to choose whether the convex or concave view/side of the display was stronger/more appropriate. Each participant made two binary choices (one for a small display viewed from its convex and concave sides, the other for a large display viewed from its convex and concave sides) for each perceptual and aesthetic feature, leading to a total of 30 judgments. Participants preferred the convex version of the small sized display and the concave version of the larger display. Individual differences were observed. Some participants generally preferred the convex displays, while others preferred the concave displays. The results are interpreted in terms of their implications for the future use of convex and concave displays in VR applications that do not use goggles.

This paper considers the problem of tracking a network-wide solution that dynamically minimizes the summation of time-varying local cost functions of network agents, when some of the agents are malfunctioning. The malfunctioning agents broadcast faulty values to their neighbors, and lead the optimization process to a wrong direction. To mitigate the influence of the malfunctioning agents, we propose a total variation (TV) norm regularized formulation that drives the local variables of the regular agents to be close, while allows them to be different with the faulty values broadcast by the malfunctioning agents. We give a sufficient condition under which consensus of the regular agents is guaranteed, and bound the gap between the consensual solution and the optimal solution we pursue as if the malfunctioning agents do not exist. A fully decentralized subgradient algorithm is proposed to solve the TV norm regularized problem in a dynamic manner. At every time, every regular agent only needs one subgradient evaluation of its current local cost function, in addition to combining messages received from neighboring regular and malfunctioning agents. The tracking error is proved to be bounded, given that variation of the optimal solution is bounded. Numerical experiments demonstrate the robust tracking performance of the proposed algorithm at presence of the malfunctioning agents.

In this paper, we present a novel collaboration tool, OmniGlobeVR, which is an asymmetric system that supports communication and collaboration between a VR user (occupant) and multiple non-VR users (designers) across the virtual and physical platform. OmniGlobeVR allows designer(s) to explore the VR space from any point of view using two view modes: a 360° first-person mode and a third-person mode. In addition, a shared gaze awareness cue is provided to further enhance communication between the occupant and the designer(s). Finally, the system has a face window feature that allows designer(s) to share their facial expressions and upper body view with the occupant for exchanging and expressing information using nonverbal cues. We conducted a user study to evaluate the OmniGlobeVR, comparing three conditions: (1) first-person mode with the face window, (2) first-person mode with a solid window, and (3) third-person mode with the face window. We found that the first-person mode with the face window required significantly less mental effort, and provided better spatial presence, usability, and understanding of the partner's focus. We discuss the design implications of these results and directions for future research.

In this paper, we propose OmniGlobeVR, a novel collaboration tool based on an asymmetric cooperation system that supports communication and cooperation between a VR user (occupant) and multiple non-VR users (designers) across the virtual and physical platform. The OmniGlobeVR allows designer(s) to access the content of a VR space from any point of view using two view modes: 360 degrees first-person mode and third-person mode. Furthermore, a proper interface of a shared gaze awareness cue is designed to enhance communication between the occupant and the designer(s). The system also has a face window feature that allows designer(s) to share their facial expressions and upper body gesture with the occupant in order to exchange and express information in a nonverbal context. Combined together, the OmniGlobeVR allows collaborators between the VR and non-VR platforms to cooperate while allowing designer(s) to easily access physical assets while working synchronously with the occupant in the VR space. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Color edition is an important issue in image processing and graphic design. This paper presents a deep color decomposition based framework for image recoloring, allowing users to achieve professional color edition through simple interactive operations. Different from existing methods that perform palette generation and color decomposition separately, our method directly generates the recolored images by a light-weight CNN. We first formulate the generation of color palette as an unsupervised clustering problem, and employ a fully point-wise CNN to extract the most representative colors from the input image. Particularly, a pixel scrambling strategy is adopted to map the continuous image color to a compact discrete palette space, facilitating the CNN focus on color-relevant features. Then, we devise a deep color decomposition network to obtain the projected weights of input image on the basis colors of the generated palette space, and leverage them for image recoloring in a user-interacted manner. In addition, a novel aesthetic constraint derived from color harmony theory is proposed to augment the color reconstruction from user-specified colors, resulting in an aesthetically pleasing visual effect. Qualitative comparisons with existing methods demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Video communication systems have been suffered from the narrow field of view. To solve this limitation, one study proposed symmetric 360° video communication system by combining an omnidirectional camera and a hemispherical display. However, the system still had several issues, e.g., the invisibility of hemisphere which was at the opposite side from a user caused the inconvenience of observing the remote environment. To solve these issues, we introduce OmniGlobe, a novel symmetric full 360° video communication system which incorporates an omnidirectional camera, a full spherical display, and several visual or interactive techniques. Based on an experiment, we could indicate that our system is effective in reducing the inconvenience of observing the remote environment and increased the remote space awareness and user's gaze awareness to support remote collaboration. We also discuss the takeaways, limitations and application areas in our system which help improve the system.

This paper introduces two kinds of anti-saturation design frameworks commonly used in compensation design method, and then presents the anti-saturation design structure based on model-following control (MFC) proposed in this paper. Then, based on Integral Quadratic Constraint (IQC), the stability of the proposed anti-saturation design structure is analyzed, and the sufficient conditions for the stability of the anti-saturation design structure are obtained. Finally, the proposed anti-saturation design structure is verified to has better anti-saturation effect by comparing with several other anti-saturation design schemes.

We propose OmniEyeball (OEB), which is a novel interactive 360° image I/O system combining a spherical display system with an omnidirectional camera. We also present our experimental design of a user interface on the OEB, including a vision-based touch detection technique as well as several visual and interactive features. Our proposed techniques may contribute to solving the weak awareness of the opposite side of the spherical display as well as the workload caused by walking around in the 360° symmetric video communication.

Social and economic prosperity, the total volume continues to increase, emerging industries are springing up everywhere, success and failure are full of variables, financial index prices are constantly optimized but also full of variables, People who judge the economy and guide investment by index industries are required to control the rapidly changing financial industry and create the future. By analyzing the financial situation in the FPGA environment, this paper puts forward the parallel computing method based on computer, and designs and verifies the feasibility of the calculation bill.

We propose OmniEyeball (OEB), which is a novel interactive 360° image I/O system. It integrates the spherical display system with an omnidirectional camera to enable both capturing the 360° panoramic live streaming video as well as displaying it. We also present its unique application for symmetric 360° video communication by utilizing two OEB terminals, which may solve the narrow field-of-view problem in video communication. In addition, we designed a vision-based touch detection technique as well as some features to support 360° video communication.

Field-of-view limitation has been a long-standing issue in video communication systems. With the advancement of omnidirectional panoramic technology, the omnidirectional camera, which can provide a 360° field of view, has become increasingly popular in the last few years. Previous research indicated that one-way video communication systems with a wider field of view improve task efficiency. Therefore, we propose to utilize omnidirectional cameras in a symmetrical video communication system and study how this configuration affects remote collaboration. In this study, we conducted experiments based on two conditions, which are an omnidirectional camera with a spherical display and an omnidirectional camera with a horizontally placed 2D flat display. Under these conditions, we analyzed how the display types affected remote collaboration. Our results show that participants marginally preferred the spherical display to the 2D flat display. We also show the advantages and disadvantages of each display. The findings contribute to our understanding of how to design an environment for remote collaboration that captures and shows a 360° panoramic view of a remote site.

This paper considers the problem of tracking a network-wide solution that dynamically minimizes the summation of time-varying local cost functions of agents, when some of the agents are malfunctioning. The malfunctioning agents broadcast faulty values to their neighbors, and lead the optimization process to a wrong direction. To mitigate the influence of the malfunctioning agents, we propose a total variation (TV) norm regularized formulation that drives the local variables of the regular agents to be close, while allows them to be different with the faulty values broadcast by the malfunctioning agents. We give a sufficient condition under which consensus of the regular agents is guaranteed, and bound the gap between the consensual solution and the optimal solution we pursue as if the malfunctioning agents do not exist. A fully decentralized subgradient algorithm is proposed to solve the TV norm regularized problem in a dynamic manner. At every time, every regular agent only needs one subgradient evaluation of its current local cost function, in addition to combining messages received from neighboring regular and malfunctioning agents. The tracking error is proved to be bounded, given that the variation of the optimal solution is bounded. Numerical experiments demonstrate the robust tracking performance of the proposed algorithm at presence of the malfunctioning agents.

Summary. It is known that using statistical stopping rules in clinical trials can create an artificial heterogeneity of treatment effects in overviews of related trials (Hughes, Preedman, and Pocock, 1992, Biometrics48, 41–53). If the true treatment effect being tested is small, as is often the case, the homogeneity test by DerSimonian and Laird (1986, Controlled Clinical Trials7, 177–188) violates the size of the test very severely. This paper provides a new homogeneity test, which preserves the size of the test more accurately. The operating characteristics of the new test are examined through simulations.