Search

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The derivation and performance of yarn quality prediction models in a program called Cottonspec is reported. Cottonspec incorporates a large database of fiber and yarn data from commercial spinning mills, a series of regression-based models predicting yarn quality from measured cotton fiber quality parameters and yarn specifications and a user interface. The inclusion of independent variables into prediction equations was dependent on the criteria that their inclusion was statistically significant and that variables had a theoretically direct influence on yarn structure. Yarn data was corrected to allow for twist, yarn count and yarn irregularity before correlation with fiber properties. Differences in yarn testing results between mills could be corrected by a Mill Correction Factor. Adherence to these criteria and the ability to draw on the very large database meant prediction ability of the models was excellent, as demonstrated in a series of cross-validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between dynamic drafting force and its variability with break draft and short term irregularity of carded cotton sliver has been discussed. Drafting force data have been collected from online draftometer, installed on break draft zone of cotton drawing frame. The results indicate that the dynamic drafting force initially increases with the increase in break draft up to a certain point, followed by attaining peak region with some fluctuation in drafting force. After reaching the maximum point, drafting force gradually decreases with any further increase in break draft. The CV% of drafting force and short term sliver irregularity show the same trend with each other and oppositely to drafting force. Study on drafting force is not only applicable in optimization of break draft, but also the variability of drafting force provides better understanding of the dynamic behavior of the flowing fibre bundles and its impact on short term sliver irregularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flock detaching motion is an important factor of the combing quality of a cotton comber. A model for flock detaching time and detaching roller motion was developed by analyzing the motion of the nipper during the flock detaching process. Then, a diagram for the relationship between flock detached time parameters and a graph for detaching roller speed were drawn. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing combing quality and designing detaching roller motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, compact spinning technology, recognised as a revolution in ring spinning, has been successfully used in the production of mono-fibre yarns and blended yarns. Understanding the radial distribution of fibres in compact-spun flax-cotton blended yarn is of importance for improvement in the performance of compact-spun flax-cotton blended yarns. This paper investigated the radial distribution of compact-spun flax-cotton blended yarn using the Hamilton migration index, and it was compared with traditional ring-spun flax-cotton blended yarn. The results indicated that the fibre migration of traditional ring-spun flax-cotton blended yarn was more obvious than that of compact-spun flax-cotton blended yarn, and the radial distribution of fibres in compact-spun flax-cotton blended yarns was more random. Therefore the traditional migration rule does not fully apply to compact spinning technology and should be given more attention in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to quantitatively assess the effects of short fiber (< 12.7 mm long) in raw cotton on the quality of 20s ring spun yarn. Twenty-eight bales of cotton with a wide range of fiber properties and an especially diverse population of short fiber content were utilized. Properties of the raw cotton were measured by High Volume Instrumentation (HVI), Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) instruments, and the manual Suter-Webb (SW) Array method. Ring spun yarns produced from these cottons were tested for process and product quality. Results indicate that most of the yarn properties - especially yarn strength, irregularity, and frequency of thick and thin defects - are strongly correlated with each of the three measures of short fiber content. A pool of 23 potential predictors from the AFIS, HVI, and SW fiber properties was utilized to develop "best" regression models for seven yarn properties. In five of the seven models, the short fiber content variable was the most important predictor, exceptions being the models for yarn strength and elongation. For five of the yarn properties, models developed using the four basic HVI properties alone were nearly as good in predicting yarn quality as those using all 23 fiber properties. Exceptions were models for elongation and for ends down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of the Small-Scale Spinning Test, which is used to characterize the quality of samples of cotton weighing between 15 and 30lbs (6.8 and 13.6 kg), lies in the annual cotton crop assessments performed by the USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service and the Textile Research Center of Texas Tech University. Each program of evaluation involved thorough testing of the raw cotton followed by the ring spinning of at least two yarns by the ring spinning route. The machinery used was of industrial size to emulate production conditions. The Small-Scale Spinning Test advocated by the USDA's SRRC has been extended to include fabric manufacture, yet condensed by a need to conserve space that has required the elimination of one drawframe from the sequence of machines employed. The objectives of this study are three-fold; • to describe the evolution of the Small-Scale Spinning Test, and its execution, • to examine the importance of the drawframe in the process, and • to identify a new method of operation in which setup errors are minimized when the same machine is used to perform both passes of drawing. The use of 27tex (Ne22) yarn throughout more than 60 years of small-scale evaluations is noted. Control of linear density throughout processing is critical to minimize waste and machine downtime. Benefits can accrue from the use of autolevelling for both passes of drawing, and reducing the chances of error by eliminating four of the five changes previously required, as well as decreasing machine downtime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research, which is divided into two parts, is a comparative study of the physical properties of cotton yarns produced by using new, modified and conventional spinning methods. The first part focuses on the performance of yarns with a final count of Ne 20 produced by conventional and compact spinning methods, whereas the second part focuses on the performance of Ne 30 combed ring, compact and vortex cotton yarns. Effects of the tested properties of the yarns on the performance of fabrics knitted have also been studied. Results showed that the structural differences of each yarn type conferred different tensile, evenness and hairiness values, and the differences in the yarn structure were reflected onto the fabric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed study of the effect of flock dyeing of cotton fibre on the damage and different properties of rotor- and ring-spun (100% dyed, 50% dyed and 50% grey melange) yarns is reported. It was found out that flock dyeing increases fibre damage when compared with grey fibres. The higher degree of damage of the dyed cotton fibres mixed with white ones has a negative effect on the quality of the melange cotton yarn. The quality of the melange yarn depends considerably on the blending stage, as well as the spinning systems. The higher number of drawing stages when blending black and white fibres in the draw frame results in better mechanical properties, but greater hairiness for the yarn. The presence of dyed fibres in the melange leads to a considerable decrease in the mechanical properties of rotor spun yarns, but ring spun yarns do not seem to be considerably affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the differences between knitted fabrics made from compact and conventional ring-spun yarns. 100% cotton yams, produced from the same cotton blend, were spun according to compact and conventional ring spinning principles in two different yarn counts and twist factors. Three different knitting structures, i.e., interlock, rib and single jersey, were produced from these yarns. The physical properties of these fabrics were investigated and compared with each other before and after the reactive dyeing process. When the results were examined, it was found that the hairiness of compact yarns was less and the strength and elongation percentages were higher, the fabrics produced with compact yarns showed less tendency to pilling and had a higher bursting strength. No statistical differences were observed with regard to spirality, weight, abrasion resistance, color efficiency and rubbing fastness of the fabrics produced with compact and ring-spun yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seventeen cotton samples with small-to-moderate stickiness contamination were created by mixing sticky cottons with non-sticky cottons, and then processed through ring and rotor spinning. Trehalulose contents ranged from 0.002% to 0.034% of the fiber weight (corresponding to 1.8% and 16.8% of the total sugars), while melezitose contents ranged from 0.023% to 0.071% (corresponding to 10.5% and 22.5% of the total sugars). High-speed stickiness detector (H2SD) readings of the card slivers ranged from 2.0 to 15.7. At these relatively low levels of contamination there was no correlation between ends-down in spinning and H2SD readings. Results showed that in the short term, less than 12 H2SD spots within a mix of cotton does not seem to influence spinning productivity on either ring (Saco-Lowell SF-3H) or rotor (Rieter R20) systems. A slight, but significant, negative effect on the ring-spun yarn quality was found even at low levels of stickiness. In the long term, it appears likely that even very small amounts of trehalulose slowly contaminate the equipment. This accumulation of sugars would be expected to have a cumulative, negative impact on both productivity and yarn quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noncellulosic materials on raw cottons can influence spinning performance. Chemical and physical tests are conducted on a series of nonsticky single-season upland cottons originating from three U.S. growing areas. Relationships are determined between yarn production performance and efficiency and fiber frictional and physical properties as well as nonfibrous material content for three different spinning systems. Fiber micronaire significantly influences results. Increases in yarn strength correlate with increasing levels of total fiber alcohol surface extractables, wax, and potassium content. Processing ends down increases in ring and open-end spinning and decreases in vortex spinning as fiber alcohol surface extractables, wax, and light metal content increase. Ends down decrease in ring an open-end spinning and increase in vortex spinning as the HVI trash measurement increases. Uster yarn evenness neps and thick and thin places decrease in ring and open-end and increase in vortex yarns as alcohol surface extractables increase. Fiber yellowness and grayness increase as concentrations of the metals potassium, magnesium, and iron increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The comparative improvement of fabrics prepared from ring spun and open-end spun yarn and subjected to swelling and stretching pretreatments was examined. The treatments employed were liquid ammonia, Microstretching and a combination of these methods. The pretreatments improved certain physical properties of the fabrics before and after durable press finishing with both conventional padding and reduced wet pick-up methods. The relative influence of the liquid ammonia treatment on the structure of cotton as compared to the influence on cotton of caustic soda mercerization and the influence of desizing, scouring and bleaching was deduced from differential dyeings. This research has practical value for industry. The experiments can be directly related to practice since they were in most instances conducted on commercial equipment. The strength and abrasion resistance of fabrics from both ring spun and open-end spun cotton yarns can be improved. The dyeing study of accessibility imparted by the ammonia treatment will enable a better selection of dyes for more efficient use. The reduced wet pick-up method has been demonstrated unequivocally to give more efficient use of resins and better abrasion resistance, while requiring less energy for drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an earlier paper, tiny seed-coat fragments were shown to be a major source of blemishes on ring-spun medium-count yarns. In this paper, the capacity of the various cleaning machines to remove the seed-coat fragments is discussed. The problems arising out of the fragmentation of the large seed-coat particles into smaller particles during the cleaning treatment in machines are highlighted. The effects of machine features, such as density of the wire points, the speed of rotation, and the production rate, on the capacity of machines for seed-coat removal are discussed. The superiority of the cleaning action in the cylinder-flat . section is established, and a plausible explanation for this is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid method to determine the seed-coat-fragment content in cotton lint is reported. Data on the reliability and accuracy of the method are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the findings of sensitivity analyses carried out on machine and manpower utilization in cotton-spinning. The flow line is characterized by a series of stages with a different number of parallel machines at each stage. The sensitivity of the flow line to changes in the machine- and manpower-resource levels under given technological and operational factors is measured in terms of resource-utilization rates. Fluctuations in utilization rates are explained by blocking and starving delays occurring in the system as a result of distortions in the balance of the flow line when resource-usage levels are varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The section of "Cotton Testing," focuses on impurities in cotton fibres in the textile industry. Research has revealed that seed-coat fragments were the most common impurities in cotton fibres along with honeydew and neps. Regain of cotton is the only impurity that is harmful in excess as well as in lack. An increase in regain of other plant parts complicate the determination of moisture in impure cotton. Trash accounts for 1 to 5% of baled cotton that can be prevented by hand harvesting, defoliating, seed-cotton cleaning and lint cleaning. Bark and grass are impurities, which are regarded as processable fibres by cotton machinery. Bark hampers spinning and is predicted to lead to fabric faults.

Offers a look at the manufacture of cotton in Kingston upon Hull, England. Companies that produced cotton yarn, including the Hull Flax and Cotton Mill Company and the Kingston Cotton Mill Company; Capacity of the mills; Report that the capital for the construction and running of the mills was obtained from local inhabitants and from bank loans; Employment at the mills; Reasons the mills were not profitable including management and financing of the mills; Share of the United Kingdom exports of cotton yarn that was sent from Hull; Decline of investment opportunities in the ship-building and whaling industries; Percent of dividends Hull Flax and Cotton Mill shareholders received between 1840 and 1846; Competition the company faced in Germany, Holland and Russia; Failure of both companies because of their inability to accumulate reserves with which to modernize their machinery and withstand periods of trade depression.

A device has been designed to measure the jerkiness of ring rail of ring frame and the effect of ring rail jerky motion on the quality of yarn studied. The results show an increase in long thin faults in the yarn due to ring jerk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the pilling and abrasion performances of Murata Vortex spun cotton yarns. Murata Vortex spinning (MVS) is based on the air-jet spinning technology by the Murata Machinery Co. in Japan. In the study, the pilling and abrasion performances of Vortex spun cotton yarns were investigated as compared with ring and open-end rotor spun cotton yarns, in plain jersey knitted fabric form. All the cotton yarn samples used to produce knitted fabrics were spun from the same lot of Ege ST1 type ray cotton fibers. The result of the study indicates that fabrics knitted from Vortex spun yarns show less pilling tendency and higher abrasion resistance than fabrics knitted from ring- and rotor-spun yarns.