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We examined Asian American college students' adherence to traditional values that are salient in Asian cultures, the students' perceptions of their mother's and father's adherence to the same values, and the discrepancies between the students and their mothers and fathers on the levels of adherence to these values. Based on the data from 301 participants who self-identified as Asian Americans, paired-samples t tests revealed that the child–parent cultural value discrepancies were present across all generational statuses of the participants with the children adhering less strongly to most of the value dimensions than their parents. The results based on correlational analyses showed that many types of value discrepancies were positively associated with the likelihood and seriousness of conflict. Several types of value discrepancies also were inversely associated with the participants' life satisfaction and self-esteem. In addition, the results from the PROCESS Macro for mediation analysis revealed significant mediation role of family conflict on the relationships between various types of value discrepancies and life satisfaction. The significant mediators were the likelihood and seriousness of family conflict and the family conflict about education and career decisions, and the value discrepancies centered on the values of conformity to norms, family recognition through achievement, and humility. Public Significance Statement: The present study revealed that high levels of child–parent value discrepancies among Asian Americans were associated with increased family conflict, which in turn was associated with child's decreased satisfaction with life and self-esteem. When counseling psychologists and other mental health professionals work with Asian American college students, it would be beneficial to explore the clients' relationships with their parents in terms of cultural value differences and how these relationships may be influencing their mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined counseling intervention designed for Asian Americans. Participants ( N = 158) rated session effectiveness after viewing a videotape of a counselor using a culturally congruent or incongruent communication style. Analyses of variance showed that the incongruent style was viewed as more satisfying and credible than the congruent style. Factor analysis showed that participants perceived 'being direct' and 'maintaining harmony' styles, and multiple regression analyses revealed that these perceptions had a positive relationship with effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data from 61 Asian American clients at a university counseling center, the study found that client-perceived match on client-counselor belief about problem etiology was related to counselor credibility, empathy, and cross-cultural competence; the client-counselor working alliance; session depth; and the likelihood of the client recommending the counselor to another client. An interaction effect showed that both strong match on belief about problem etiology and high client expectation for counseling success were associated with strong client-counselor working alliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors review the empirical literature on counselors' values, describe values salient to the 4 largest ethnic minority groups in the United States, Identify similarities and differences between counselors' values and those of the minority groups, and discuss implications for counseling ethnically different clients. Understanding counselors" values can lead to an examination of how these values may affect the counseling process, particularly when clients are from ethnic minority groups that may espouse differing cultural values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Possible relations among enculturation and acculturation to cultural values and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help were examined among 146 Asian American college students. In addition, possible relations between various dimensions of Asian values and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help were examined. As hypothesized, the results indicated a significant inverse relation between enculturation to Asian values and professional help-seeking attitudes, above and beyond that of the association with having previous counseling experience. Although bivariate correlational results suggested possible inverse relations between the Asian values dimensions of collectivism, emotional self-control, and humility and professional help-seeking attitudes, these associations were not confirmed with a hierarchical multiple regression model. Contrary to expectation, a significant relation was not observed between values acculturation and professional help-seeking attitudes. Also, the interaction between enculturation and acculturation to cultural values was not significantly predictive of professional help-seeking attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After assessing their expectation for counseling success, adherence to Asian cultural values, and adherence to European American cultural values, 88 Asian American volunteer clients with personal concerns engaged in single-session counseling with 1 of 11 female counselors who either matched or mismatched the client's worldview. Clients in the worldview match condition perceived stronger client- counselor working alliance and counselor empathy than those in the mismatch condition. Client adherence to Asian cultural values was positively related to client-counselor working alliance. Client adherence to European American values was positively associated with client-counselor working alliance and session depth. In addition, an interaction effect was observed such that high expectation for counseling success and strong adherence to European American cultural values were associated with increased perception of counselor empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on effects of counseling style and client adherence to Asian cultural values on counseling process with Asian American college students. Fifty-two clients were classified as having either high or low adherence to Asian values and assigned to a counseling session with a European American female counselor, who employed either a directive or a non-directive style. Immediately following the session, clients completed measures of counselor credibility, counselor empathic understanding, client-counselor working alliance, session depth and counselor cross-cultural counseling competence.

On the basis of data from 2 studies with counseling graduate students, the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey-Counselor Edition (M. D'Andrea, d. Daniels, & R. Heck, 1991) was revised. The new 33-item instrument consists of 10-item Awareness, 13-item Knowledge, and 10-item Skills subscales. Evidence of reliability and validity are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counselor's multicultural counseling competence (attitudes/beliefs, knowledge, and skills) has been highlighted as an important ingredient in creating positive counseling outcomes when the clients are ethnic and racial minorities. The use of experiential activities in general, and games in particular, is presented as a potentially useful strategy to instill and enhance multicultural competence in counselor trainees. Illustrative games and guidelines for implementation are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After completing a measure of adherence to Asian cultural values, 62 East Asian American clients talked about personal issues in a counseling session with a European American counselor who either disclosed personal information or refrained from disclosing personal information. Disclosure condition and client adherence to Asian values did not predict session outcome. However, type and intimacy of disclosure were related to immediate process and session outcome. Disclosures of strategies were perceived by the clients to be more helpful than disclosures of approval/reassurance, facts/credentials, and feelings, with disclosures of insight perceived as intermediate in helpfulness. Disclosures of strategies occurred more frequently in highly rated sessions than in sessions rated low. Also, client-and counselor-perceived intimacy of disclosures was significantly correlated with client- and counselor-perceived helpfulness of disclosures, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptation experiences of 1.5-generation Asian American college students (N = 10) were examined using the consensual qualitative research method. Results indicated 4 domains of adaptation experiences: preimmigration experiences, acculturation and enculturation experiences, intercultural relationships, and support systems. Participants reported that English proficiency played a significant role in their initial adjustment. Currently, most of the participants reported feeling identified with both the U.S. and Asian cultures. Some participants reported having experienced racism in the past. Many participants noted that they currently have no difficulty establishing friendships with culturally different persons. Participants reported currently feeling most close to friends of a similar background and that they usually seek support from friends, family, and religious organizations, but not from a psychologist or counselor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the relationship among Asian American client adherence to Asian cultural values, counselor expression of cultural values, counselor ethnicity and career counseling process. Comparison of adherence evaluation result on Asian cultural values than American values; Social influences of counseling process; Emphasis of analogue validity.

Using data on 570 Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Japanese American college students from 3 previous studies (1 published [B. S. K. Kim, D. R. Atkinson, & P. H. Yang, 1999] and 2 unpublished [B. S. K. Kim, 1999; E. C. Wong, B. S. K. Kim, N. W. S. Zane, I. J. Kim, & J. S. Huang, 1999]), the authors subjected 22 items constituting 6 value dimensions of the Asian Values Scale (AVS; B. S. K. Kim et al., 1999) to the following structural equation modeling procedures: confirmatory factor analysis, factorial invariance analysis, and structured means analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis provided support for a hierarchical factor model when this model was compared with 2 competing models. The results of factorial invariance analysis indicated that the meanings of the factors within the hierarchical model were conceived similarly among the 4 Asian American ethnic groups. On the basis of these results, a structured means analysis was conducted, revealing similarities and differences between the ethnic groups' adherence to 6 cultural value dimensions. Implications regarding psychological services for these Asian Americans are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In April 2021, The Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling Executive Council commissioned a time-referenced task group to revise the Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests (RUST) Statement (3rd edition) published by the Association for Assessment in Counseling (AAC) in 2003. The task group developed a work plan to implement a recursive process for document review, gap analysis, commentary representation, bias accounting, and content revision. While some updates to the document were minor, several substantive enhancements to the structure were made including a re-defined scope, definition of terms, and identification of values that are considered integral across all of the responsibilities. In addition the task group identified and included several updates to the document that are consistent with contemporary representations of evidence for test score validity/reliability and emphases on culturally responsive test administration, variance in score representation, training and supervision, use of technology-mediated testing platforms, and differential consequences of testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Delphi method, university counseling center supervisors with significant experience in multicultural supervision generated and ranked elements of successful and unsuccessful multicultural supervision. Twenty-seven of 35 successful elements and 24 of 33 unsuccessful elements involved cultural considerations. Multicultural supervision was defined as a supervisory situation in which the individuals in the supervisory dyad differed in their ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a psychocultural profile for persons of Filipino ancestry, discusses the implications of these cultural factors, and presents suggestions for counseling this diverse population. The term Filipino, identifies "the larger, more inclusive concept based upon ethnicity." Filipino culture is derived from and developed through an integrated mixture of Malaysian, Chinese, Indonesian, Spanish, and American cultural influences. This has important significance for the stereotypical characteristics and within-group diversity shared among Filipinos. The indigenous personality theory, "Sikolohiyang Pilipino," states that shared identity and strong equivalence with one's fellow Filipinos is the basic core value of all Filipino values. The encompassing foundation value for the Filipino psychosocial character is known as Kapwa. The Filipino population was projected to surpass the Chinese as the largest Asian American group in the United States by 1994. School counselors are in a unique position to advocate and enact change within society. They, and the methodologies and interventions they use, can have a lasting effect on people's lives.