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In order to provide an up-to-date perspective on farm management techniques, a survey was conducted in a dairy cattle farm to study the relationships between management practices, milk yield and quality. A number of 310 Holstein Friesian cows reared for milk production in a semintensive farming condition were taken into study. Over the course of a year, individual milk analyses were performed on CombiScope FTIR milk analyzer (Delta Instruments, Netherlands). Milk yield per milking session was recorded daily using the AfiMilk system (Kibbutz, Israel). The analysis and interpretation of the results were correlated with the numerous observations made directly on the farm. The average calculated content, per normal lactation, was 8887.79 kg of milk, 369.05 kg fat, and 306.06 kg protein. A strong, positive relationship between milk yield and fat content, which means that an increase or decrease in milk production results in a corresponding change in the amount of fat contained. The yearly average percent of fat was 3.99 %, protein 3.32 %, casein 27.75 %, lactose 4.9 %, SCC 195,900 cells/ml were obtained in the studied farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to present the findings of a welfare assessment conducted on dairy cows reared in an intensive farming system, in a farm from the north-east of Romania. The assessment utilized well-being indices outlined in the TIERWOHL-CHECK programe, which was designed for German farmers. The results of the assessment, particularly focusing on the body condition score (BCS) of RM and late-gestation period female cows, indicate elevated percentages of overweight cows, ranging from 30.77% to 37.5%. Additionally, the prevalence of lame animals was notably high (28%, surpassing the recommended threshold of 10%). These welfare indices serve as indicators of the extent to which optimal rearing conditions are maintained, and the findings underscore the necessity for prompt interventions to enhance various aspects such as the comfort of lying spaces, the quality of bedding, and certain housing conditions. These measures are imperative for improving the overall welfare of the animals in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to achieve a comparative analysis of the cow livestock number, production of milk and of main dairy products in Romania and European Union. The work is an extensive bibliographic documentation with the application of statistical tests for the period 2017-2021. At European Union level the herd of dairy cows is in decreasing with 5.63% and in Romania with 7.95%, from 1175.4 thousand heads in 2017 to 1081.9 thousand heads in 2021. The largest amount of raw milk available on the farm in 2021 belongs to Germany which records 32531.56 thousand tons, approx. 21% of the total quantity at EU level. In 2021 compared with 2017, the Europeans consumed with 3.91% less fresh dairy products and with approx. 5% more cheese. In the future, will be exploit more productive animals, making cow rearing a part of solutions in food crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the productive performances of the ascendants and descendants of the cows' herd belonging to the 4 basic breeds were analyzed, as follows: Holstein, Băl?ată cu negru românească (Romanian Black Spotted), Băl?ată românească (Romanian Spotted), and Brună de Maramure? (Maramures Bown), from 7 farms of Neam? county, which were encoded with numbers from 1 to 7. For the analysis of the ascendants' performances - mother (M), paternal grandmother (MT), and maternal grandmother (MM) - and of the offspring' performance, 3 indicators were determined regarding the milk production: the quantity per normal lactation (kg), the percent of fat, and the percent of protein. It was found that the best milk production in normal lactation of offspring was recorded in farm 2 (6161.25 kg), where a mixed herd of Holstein and Băl?ată cu negru românească breeds is raised. If we compare the phenotypic performances of the ascendants (mother of mother - MM), which realized an average milk production of 7205.44 kg, with the father's mother (MT) of 11.931 kg, and the mother's mother (MM) of 7949.83 kg we confirm that the phenotypic performance for the milk production in the offspring does not reach the level of those obtained by ancestry. This fact is due to management deficiency regarding the external factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained with reference to: average age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), service period (SP) and mammary repose (RM). They were studied 3 farms with populations of cows of the breeds: Holstein and Spotted with Romanian Black (BNR). The studied reproduction indicators recorded the following average values: in the farm "Î.I. Dascălu Sînzîiana", in the Holstein breed, AFC - was 31.03 months, SP - 89.24 days, RM - 55.82 days and CI - 458.27 days, in the farm "Nacu Gheorghe" in the Holstein breed, AFC- was 25.72 months, SP - 87.96 days, RM - 57.58 days and CI - 459.51 days, and in the Spotted Romanian Black breed, AFC - was 27.54 months, SP - 97.22 days, RM - 56.92 days and CI - 401.64 days. The best results regarding the breeding activity were obtained in the farm "Î.I. Râtan Gheorghe", in Spotted with Romanian Black cattle, where AFC - was 27.52 months, SP - 80.04 days, RM -59.43 days, and CI - 393 days. From the analysis of the obtained data, it is revealed the need to reduce the service period, in the farms "Î.I Dascălu Sînzîiana" and "Nacu Gheorghe", at the optimal level of 80 days, because it is the only way to improve the reproduction indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]