338 results
Search Results
2. A study of early marriage in China. Selected paper on China's 1990 Census.
- Author
-
Li R
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Fertility, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Research, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Sexual Behavior, Adolescent, Age Factors, Demography, Marriage, Population Growth, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Sex Ratio
- Published
- 1993
3. Social Change and Family Policies. Final Papers, Part 5. International CFR Seminar (20th, Melbourne, Australia, August 19-24, 1984).
- Author
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Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne (Australia). and Asche, Justice Austin
- Abstract
This document contains final papers presented at an International Committee on Family Research (CFR) seminar; included are key, discussant, and free papers as well as closing and farewell addresses. Key papers covered (1) worldwide trends in administrating family policy and (2) work, economic policies, and welfare consequences and responsibilities. Clio Presvelou's "World Survey on Availability of Family Policy Guidelines," Jacqueline Ancelin's "Family Policy and Social Changes in France," and Pierre Cliche's "Quebec's Family Policy: Social Policy or Demographic Policy" address the first topic. Orjan Hultaker's "Income Security Policies and the Application of Marginal or Universal Approaches" addresses the second. Discussant papers focus on several conference issues, including the desirability of supporting the family and pressures, conflicts and expectations of family life; major demographic trends affecting family policy; worldwide trends in the administration of family policy; youth policies and the family/work/education relationship; and legal regulation of the family and the effect of changes in family law. Free papers are Wei Zhangling's "Effects of Population Policy on Families in Contemporary China"; Wolfgang Voegeli and Barbara Willenbacher's "Family Policy and the Implementation of the Constitutional Equal Rights Clause in the Federal Republic of Germany"; Iteka Weeda's "Changing Ideals about the Family and Other Life Styles in Their Macro-Sociological Significance in the Netherlands"; and Gordon F. Streib's "Family Change and Social Policy: Shared Living for the Elderly." The document concludes with Don Edgar's closing address and farewell addresses by Lazlo Cseh-Szombathy, Andre Rauget, Roland Eckert, and Don Edgar. (RH)
- Published
- 1985
4. Exploratory Study of MOOC Learners' Demographics and Motivation: The Case of Students Involved in Groups
- Author
-
Bayeck, Rebecca Yvonne
- Abstract
This paper reports preliminary findings on students enrolled in a massive open online course, who were also assigned to work in groups. Part of a larger study on the effect of groups on retention and completion in MOOCs, the paper provides students' demographics (i.e., location, gender, education level, and employment status), and motivation for taking the course. Findings show that women outnumbered men and that students mostly enrolled into the course because of a friend. Indeed, research on MOOCs demonstrates that men outnumber women and that educational pursuit and professional development are the main motivators for taking MOOCs. Yet, this paper shows that when group work is included in a MOOC, women participate more. Furthermore, for students assigned to groups in a MOOC, friends are the principal incentive for enrolling into the course. These results are discussed in light of previous research, and implications for teaching and learning in online environments addressed.
- Published
- 2016
5. Determinants of Demand for Private Supplementary Tutoring in China: Findings from a National Survey
- Author
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Liu, Junyan and Bray, Mark
- Abstract
Private tutoring has expanded and intensified in China. However, no government statistical data or other empirical studies fully capture its extent and characteristics. This paper analyses private tutoring received by students in Grades 1-12 as indicated by a nationwide representative survey entitled China Family Panel Studies. The paper employs a Hurdle model to examine determinants of demand for tutoring, focusing on factors related to students and their parents. The first step is concerned with the decision to receive tutoring or not; and the second step explores factors influencing expenditures on tutoring among those who decide to receive it.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Current Developments in Self-Directed Learning.
- Author
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Long, Huey B. and Long, Huey B.
- Abstract
This document contains the following papers examining current developments in self-directed learning: "Self-Directed Learning: Challenges and Opportunities" (Huey B. Long); "Examination of Self-Directed Learning Readiness and Selected Demographic Variables of Top Female Executives" (Lucy M. Guglielmino); "Enhancing Self-Directed Learning in the Workplace: A Model and a Research Agenda" (Roland Foucher); "Self-Directed Learning: A Tool for Management to Eliminate the Annual Performance Appraisal" (Ingrid Wojciechowski); "Interests of Corporate Trainers in Application of Self-Directed Learning Techniques in Training" (Thomas D. Phelan); "Construct Validation of the Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory" (Gerald A. Straka); "Framework for Using Instruments in Self-Directed Learning Research" (Jane Pilling-Cormick); "Hermeneutical Dialogue: A Critical Component in Self-Directed Learning" (John R. Goss III et al.); "Adult Learner's Self-Efficacy, Readiness for Self-Directed Learning, and Gender: Implication for Math Performance" (A. David Wall, Claudia J. Sersland, Gary Hoban); "Preliminary Study of Self-Directed Learning Readiness in the People's Republic of China" (Paul J. Guglielmino, Lucy M. Guglielmino, Shuming Zhao); "Relationship between Self-Directed Learning Readiness and Academic Performance in a Nontraditional Higher Education Program" (Huey B. Long, Scott S. Morris); "Approaches to the Stimulation of Autodidactic Competence in University Settings: Learning Contracts and Tutorials" (Philippe Baveye); "Are Self-Directed Learning Skills the Missing Competency in the Special Education Curriculum?" (Robert J. Bulik); "Self-Directed Learning Readiness and Student Success" (Huey B. Long, Stanley W. Smith); "Risks and Dangers in the Measurement of the Self-Directed Learner" (Rene Bedard); "Cohort Group Model and Support" (Arthur H. Johnson, Lilian H. Hill); "Ways in Which the Cohort Model Influences Self-Directed Learning" (Virginia O. Jenks, William J. Haney, Kathryn H. Clark); and "Courses Designed to Facilitate Self-Directed Learning in Nursing Education" (Huey B. Long, Karen L. Barnes). A total of 26 tables/figures are included. Most papers contain substantial bibliographies. (MN)
- Published
- 1996
7. Intent to Pursue Further Studies among Chinese Students
- Author
-
To, W. M., Lai, Linda S. L., Lung, Jane W. Y., and Lai, T. M.
- Abstract
The number of students pursuing graduate qualifications has increased, especially in Asian countries and cities, such as China, Macao and Hong Kong. This paper examines the intent to pursue further studies among Chinese students according to the theory of planned behaviour. Based on responses from 321 final-year students in higher education institutions in Macao, Hong Kong and mainland China, path analysis shows that subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and attitude toward graduate studies owing to intrinsic motivation significantly affects the intent to pursue further studies. The paper also identifies the important attributes that influence students' choice of a graduate programme. These findings can help higher education management improve the effectiveness of graduate recruitment and address the concerns of Chinese students.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. BUSINESS POLICY & STRATEGY Conference Paper Abstracts.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL policy ,BUSINESS planning ,ECONOMIC competition ,VENTURE capital - Abstract
The article presents abstracts on business policy and strategy topics which include the complexities of top management team (TMT) composition, insights about dynamic capabilities observed from simulated evolving competition, and venture capital syndication in China.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Research on the Population of China: Proceedings of a Workshop (Washington, D.C., October 28, 1980).
- Author
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National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Assembly of Behavioral and Social Sciences., Lapham, Robert J., and Bulatao, Rodolfo, A.
- Abstract
The workshop provided an opportunity for U.S. technical specialists and policy makers to review the growing body of information on the Chinese population and to discuss ways to promote collaborative population research involving both Chinese and American experts. Demographic research is the focus of the papers in part 1. Current prospects for demographic research, as well as needs and possibilities in the field, are discussed. Estimates of completeness of death recordings in the Chinese sample survey of 1972-75 and Chinese population trends and policy are examined. Biomedical research is the topic of part 2. Also, research needs and the 1978 perinatal study in Tientsin are discussed. Papers in parts 3 and 4 treat research on family planning and marriage and family. Collaborative U.S. and Chinese research is the focus of the papers in the concluding section. Appendices contain guidelines for cooperation in the science and technology of medicine and public health, a descriptive outline of collaborative population projects, and a list of workshop participants. (RM)
- Published
- 1981
10. China's Population Program at the Grassroots Level: Report on a Field Trip, Summer 1972.
- Author
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California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena. and Chen, Pi-chao
- Abstract
The goals of the Caltech Population Program are to increase understanding of the interrelationships between population growth and socioeconomic and cultural patterns throughout the world and to communicate this understanding. This series of occasional papers is one step in the process of communicating research results. The papers deal primarily with problems of population growth and the interaction of population change with such variables as resources, food supply, environment, urbanization, employment, economic development, and social and cultural values. This third paper in the series reports the observations and findings of the author during a trip to China in 1972. The emphasis is on birth control programs in urban areas and in the villages. Political considerations as well as cultural and institutional obstacles are discussed. (LS)
- Published
- 1973
11. Population ageing and sustainability of healthcare financing in China.
- Author
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Wu, Wenqing, Long, Shujie, Cerda, Arcadio A., Garcia, Leidy Y., and Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
- Subjects
POPULATION ,MEDICAL care costs ,ECONOMICS ,AGING ,DEMOGRAPHY ,INSURANCE ,MEDICARE - Abstract
Background: In China, the healthcare financing structure involves multiple parties, including the government, society and individuals. Medicare Fund is an important way for the Government and society to reduce the burden of individual medical costs. However, with the aging of the population, the demand of Medicare Fund is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the sustainability of the healthcare financing structure in the context of population ageing. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to organize the characteristics of population ageing as well as healthcare financing in China. On this basis, it analyzes the impact mechanism of population ageing on healthcare financing and the sustainability of existing healthcare financing. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the method of literature research and inductive summarization. Extracting data from Health Statistics Yearbook of China and Labor and Social Security Statistics Yearbook of China. Collected about 60 pieces of relevant literature at home and abroad. Results: China has already entered a deeply ageing society. Unlike developed countries in the world, China's population ageing has distinctive feature of ageing before being rich. A healthcare financing scheme established by China, composing of the government, society, and individuals, is reasonable. However, under the pressure of population ageing, China's current healthcare financing scheme will face enormous challenges. Scholars are generally pessimistic about the sustainability of China's healthcare financing scheme. Conclusions: Population ageing will increase the expenditure and reduce the income of the Medicare Fund. This will further affect the sustainability of the healthcare financing structure. As a consequence, the state should pay particular attention to this issue and take action to ensure that the Fund continues to operate steadily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Family Care of People with Intellectual Disability in Rural China: A Magnified Responsibility
- Author
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Pan, Lu and Ye, Jingzhong
- Abstract
Background: Welfare for the disabled is becoming an important issue in China and care for people with intellectual disability is challenging because of the inadequacies in formal support and the social service system. Material and Method: Based on ethnographic research in two villages in North China, this paper analyses the dilemmas of family care for people with intellectual disability. The essential data is the ethnographic record of three cases. Results: Rural families strive to provide care through a set of arrangements and bear tremendous stress in the process. Conclusion: Family care for people with intellectual disability in rural China has been increasingly challenged by the forces of labour migration, demographic changes and the ever-growing processes of commoditization. The role of the state has to be strengthened in welfare provision to balance the weakened family care ethos in transforming societies.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. China scholars discuss population issues.
- Author
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Mason JF
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Family Planning Services, Asia, Eastern, Organization and Administration, Population Growth, Social Sciences, Data Collection, Demography, Family Planning Policy, Government Programs, Health Planning, Population Control, Public Policy, Research
- Published
- 1980
14. [The population of China, fertility and urbanization].
- Author
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Okazaki Y
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Geography, Urban Population, Demography, Economics, Emigration and Immigration, Family Planning Policy, Politics, Population, Population Dynamics, Public Policy, Social Planning, Urbanization
- Published
- 1985
15. [The importance, development situation, and trend of population studies].
- Author
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Tsai HC
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Organizations, Politics, Taiwan, United Nations, Data Collection, Demography, Economics, Government, International Agencies, Population, Private Sector, Research, Social Change, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 1986
16. Hu Huanyong: father of China's population geography.
- Author
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She W
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Environment, Asia, Eastern, Social Sciences, Demography, Ecology, Geography
- Published
- 1998
17. A historical study of rural-to-urban migration in China: 1949-1985.
- Author
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Zhao Y and Liu Q
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Emigration and Immigration, Asia, Eastern, Population, Social Sciences, Demography, Population Dynamics, Transients and Migrants
- Published
- 1997
18. Urbanization in China.
- Author
-
Kojima R
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Geography, Population, Population Dynamics, Urban Population, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Population Growth, Time Factors, Urbanization
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Fertility in China: from the 1970s to the 1990s.
- Author
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Gu B
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Family Planning Services, Asia, Eastern, Fertility, Population, Population Dynamics, Research, Birth Rate, Demography, Health Planning, Politics, Social Change
- Published
- 1994
20. Sex ratio of China's population deserves attention.
- Author
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Zeng Y, Tu P, Gu B, Xu Y, Li B, and Li Y
- Subjects
- Asia, Behavior, China, Crime, Data Collection, Developing Countries, Economics, Family Characteristics, Family Planning Services, Family Relations, Asia, Eastern, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Psychology, Reproduction, Reproductive Techniques, Research, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Social Problems, Social Values, Abortion, Induced, Demography, Infanticide, Nuclear Family, Research Design, Sex, Sex Preselection, Sex Ratio, Socioeconomic Factors, Technology, Women's Rights
- Published
- 1992
21. China's demographic dilemmas.
- Author
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Tien HY, Zhang T, Ping Y, Li J, and Liang Z
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Population, Social Sciences, Demography, Economics, Population Dynamics, Public Policy
- Published
- 1992
22. China's Demographic Challenge Requires an Integrated Coping Strategy
- Author
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Peng, Xizhe
- Abstract
China has entered into a new stage of demographic dynamics whereby population-related challenges are more complicated than ever before. The current one-child policy should be modified. However, the anticipated impacts of such a policy change should not be over-exaggerated. China's demographic challenge requires an integrated coping strategy. Changing the one-child policy may help China to solve some population-related challenges, but cannot reverse the general demographic trends. Furthermore, there are uncertainties about how the public will respond to policy changes. Socioeconomic factors have played a crucial role in determining Chinese couples' fertility behaviors. This momentum will continue and, to some extent, changes to the one-child policy may be a symbolic one. More integrated social policies should be designed and implemented at the same time as a more effective means for China to tackle future development challenges, including population problems. (Contains 1 figure and 7 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Population studies in China: privileged past, anxious future.
- Author
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Greenhalgh S
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Social Sciences, Demography, Population Control, Public Policy, Research
- Published
- 1990
24. Cultural Variability in Parent and Child Achievement Attributions: A Study from Hong Kong
- Author
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Phillipson, Sivanes
- Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to investigate whether variations exist in child and parent attributions in predicting child academic achievement within a culture and between cultures. Participants were 158 students and their parents from three different primary schools in Hong Kong, including one British international school consisting of students who are predominantly from a British background and two Chinese public schools each with a distinct SES profile. This paper extends the findings of previous research whereby Western parents attribute their child's success to ability and Chinese parents attribute their child's success to effort. Additionally, this study found that the Chinese children's attributions differed according to the SES catchments of their schools; children from higher SES were inclined to attribute success to effort. The results are discussed in terms of parent and child attributions' prediction of child's academic achievement within Hong Kong's family demographic. (Contains 1 figure and 6 tables.)
- Published
- 2006
25. An explainable machine learning based prediction model for Alzheimer's disease in China longitudinal aging study.
- Author
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Ling Yue, Wu-gang Chen, Sai-chao Liu, Sheng-bo Chen, and Shi-fu Xiao
- Subjects
LIFESTYLES ,PHYSICAL diagnosis ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,RESEARCH evaluation ,MILD cognitive impairment ,MACHINE learning ,SURVEYS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,AGING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,PREDICTION models ,DEMOGRAPHY ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,COMPUTER-aided diagnosis ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Accurate prediction and diagnosis of AD and its prodromal stage, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is essential for the possible delay and early treatment for the disease. In this paper, we adopt the data from the China Longitudinal Aging Study (CLAS), which was launched in 2011, and includes a joint effort of 15 institutions all over the country. Four thousand four hundred and eleven people who are at least 60 years old participated in the project, where 3,514 people completed the baseline survey. The survey collected data including demographic information, daily lifestyle, medical history, and routine physical examination. In particular, we employ ensemble learning and feature selection methods to develop an explainable prediction model for AD and MCI. Five feature selection methods and nine machine learning classifiers are applied for comparison to find the most dominant features on AD/MCI prediction. The resulting model achieves accuracy of 89.2%, sensitivity of 87.7%, and specificity of 90.7% for MCI prediction, and accuracy of 99.2%, sensitivity of 99.7%, and specificity of 98.7% for AD prediction. We further utilize the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm to visualize the specific contribution of each feature to AD/MCI prediction at both global and individual levels. Consequently, our model not only provides the prediction outcome, but also helps to understand the relationship between lifestyle/physical disease history and cognitive function, and enables clinicians to make appropriate recommendations for the elderly. Therefore, our approach provides a new perspective for the design of a computer-aided diagnosis system for AD and MCI, and has potential high clinical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Demography, geopolitics and great power: A lesson from the past.
- Author
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Terranova, Giuseppe
- Subjects
GREAT powers (International relations) ,DEMOGRAPHY ,GEOPOLITICS ,HUMAN geography ,BALANCE of power ,COUNTRIES ,PHYSICAL geography - Abstract
Demography is one of the factors determining and influencing the geopolitical balance of power in international relations. Politicians are the main actors in international relations, but powerful human dynamics are at work behind them. The study of geopolitics describes these dynamics, linked to human and physical geography. In the evolution of great power competition, economic, military and technological factors are taken into account, but the importance of demographic trends, which will play a key role in the struggle for world power, is often underestimated as a political and geopolitical factor. Demography works over long periods of time, i.e., over generations. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the importance of the above theory by looking at the demographic shock that France experienced in the 19
th century and the geopolitical resulting consequences. As a result of this demographic shock, France lost its supremacy as the most populous country in Europe and was definitively overtaken by Germany. It is a scenario that can be useful for understanding the evolution of demographic competition in the 21st century, such as that of China versus India. In 2023, China will lose its supremacy as the world's most populous country to India. This will be the first time that China has lost its primacy since the United Nations began tracking global demographic trends in 1950. China, like France in the past, is in danger of never catching up with its demographic disadvantage. History suggests that once a country crosses the threshold of negative population growth, regardless of the differences in national experiences, there is little that its government can do to reverse it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 3, 1977
- Author
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Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA., Inkeles, Alex, Inkeles, Alex, and Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
- Abstract
This book contains 15 articles reviewing significant developments in sociology in 1977. The first paper discusses the major trends and research evidence on the relationship between work-related technology and job satisfaction. A review of research dealing with social crisis and disaster is presented in the next article. The third paper reviews measurement in social stratification. Trend studies which use a survey sample and census data, an overview of family interaction literature, and methods for modeling the structure of relationships among variables with systems of equations are treated in the next three papers. The seventh article examines mortality trends. The eighth looks at the social structure of Mainland China. Surveys of the current state of the field of political socialization, of empirical and theoretical investigations conducted by symbolic interactionists, and of research in the areas of socialization and personality are presented. The last four papers deal with mobility and stratification in Russia, recent trends in Polish sociology, demography and the family, and the study of slavery. (Author/RM)
- Published
- 1977
28. Our Population Predicament: A New Look.
- Author
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Population Reference Bureau, Inc., Washington, DC. and van der Tak, Jean
- Abstract
This Bulletin updates the story of world population presented in 1971, "Man's Population Predicament." Estimated at half a billion in 1650, world population reached 2 billion in 1930, 4 billion in 1975, and is projected to be about 6 billion in 2000. Most of today's rapid growth is occurring among people living in less developed countries where the post-World War II gap between high birth rates and falling death rates has only recently begun to narrow. This growth, coupled with high consumption in developed countries, is putting pressures on the resources, environment, and social fabric of the earth. New evidence on Europe's demographic transition and from China, Indonesia, and Thailand in the 1970s suggests that well-designed family planning programs can speed fertility decline but rapid worldwide attainment of replacement-level fertility will also require special development efforts. Current projections for the world's ultimate peak population range from 8 billion in the mid-21st century to 11 billion about 2125, depending on when replacement-level fertility is reached. China's drive for a drastic birth rate reduction and the oil crisis might change fertility behavior more rapidly than most demographers have heretofore thought likely. Numerous graphs and tables illustrate the report. (Author)
- Published
- 1979
29. Trends in Vocational and Technical Education in the People's Republic of China.
- Author
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Sredl, Henry J.
- Abstract
Field research was conducted to identify and examine the most recent trends in vocational and technical education during the Chinese Post-Cultural Revolution years of 1976-1981. Prior to the Revolution more than half of the middle school students participated in skill training before graduation. All such programs were abolished during the Revolution, and since then the recovery rate has been slow. Of the approximate 65 million middle school students, only 2 percent were enrolled in vocational and technical programs in 1979. Presently, work-study programs are being revived; in China's Jilin province primary and middle schools are operating 4,000 workshops and 15,000 farms. Part-time education has shown the greatest growth with a participation level of 68 million workers, peasants, and cadres. Now, instructional television programs are providing instruction to workers in general and technical education areas. Central Broadcasting and Television University, founded in 1979, is a degree-granting institution with 410,000 students. Tertiary industries have been established as local or neighborhood collectives. Their educational programs are small and informal, usually consisting of on-the-job training for entry level positions. And recently, on-the-job training in the form of apprenticeship has had renewed interest. Such programs and educational efforts are vital to China's future. If China is to achieve its goals of modernization and improvement of individual welfare, it can come only with continued growth in vocational and technical education at all levels. (BPB)
- Published
- 1981
30. Aging in China.
- Author
-
International Exchange Center on Gerontology, Tampa, FL., Sheppard, Harold L., and Streib, Gordon F.
- Abstract
This document consists of facts and impressions gathered during 1984, in the course of an 18-day visit to the Peoples Republic of China by a team of epidemiologists and gerontologists from the United States. The major portion of the paper presents demographic, economic, and social perspectives on aging in China. It is noted that China remains a heavily rural society; that the current population target for the year 2000 is 1.2 billion; and that life expectancy in Shanghai and Beijing has reached 73 years. Economic and cultural reasons for high fertility and/or birth rates in rural areas are discussed. Filial responsibility and the implications for caregiving of China's one-child per couple policy are considered. The influence of Marxism regarding population control is examined, the functioning of the pension system in China is discussed, and the formation and functioning of local gerontological organizations in China are described. A section on closing observations compares and contrasts the growth in urban areas of nuclear families and the increase in rural areas of the traditional Chinese extended family. A list of the visiting team members and the major places visited is included. (NB)
- Published
- 1985
31. Understanding China's Demographic Dividends and Labor Issue
- Author
-
Peng, Xizhe
- Abstract
One of the major concerns about the one-child policy is its negative impact on the current and future labor force in China. People have talked about the Lewis Turning Point and the end of demographic dividends. Some of these arguments, however, can be misleading. The working-age population (ages 15 to 59) can be treated as the potential labor force supply. It is true that the continuous decline of China's fertility level over the past 30 years has partially resulted in the recent decline of the proportion of the young labor force. Nevertheless, there is no major change in the total size of the labor force. The author suggests that the shortage of the current Chinese labor force cannot be explained simply by the size of the labor force. The demographic dividend and the demographic debt are actually caused by the same demographic event: fertility decline, but the consequences are shown in different time periods. The author concludes that It is only natural that people respond to an aging population through reforming and improving population policies. However, an aging population is a consequence of both the increase in lifespan and falling fertility, and this process will not be radically reversed by merely adjusting fertility policies. What deserves more attention is an adaptation strategy to this population trend and adjusting or restructuring institutional arrangements and integrating public policies. (Contains 1 figure.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Burnout in nurses working in China: A national questionnaire survey.
- Author
-
Zhang, Wenyu, Miao, Ran, Tang, Jingping, Su, Qingqing, Aung, Lynn Htet Htet, Pi, Hongying, and Sai, Xiaoyong
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CROSS-sectional method ,T-test (Statistics) ,NURSES ,JOB satisfaction ,QUALITY of life ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DEMOGRAPHY ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the overall status of burnout in nurses in China on a national scale and investigate the demographic characteristics related to burnout and the relationships between demographics, job satisfaction and burnout. Methods: This was a national cross‐sectional study conducted by the Chinese Nursing Association between July 2016 and July 2017. Data were collected using a structured, self‐administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 51 406 registered nurses in 311 Chinese cities completed the questionnaire. Fifty per cent of the participants suffered burnout, and 33.8% of nurses had high scores on emotional exhaustion, 66.6% had high scores on depersonalization and 93.5% had low scores on personal accomplishment; 16.2% reported a high level of job satisfaction, only 0.4% was satisfied with their jobs and 70.7% intended to leave their jobs. Marital status, educational level, income and years of working experience affected job burnout. Nurses with a high level of burnout were more likely to have a high degree of job dissatisfaction and intend to leave their jobs. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of burnout among nurses in China. Nursing managers need to pay more attention to job burnout and its influencing factors. Interventions to reduce nurse burnout should be implemented. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic job‐related stress and it has a negative effect on job satisfaction and quality of nursing care. What this paper adds? The prevalence of burnout among nurses working in China is high.Marital status, educational level, income and years of working experience affect job burnout.Nurses with a high level of burnout have high job dissatisfaction and intend to leave. The implications of this paper: Nursing supervisors and managers need to be more aware of the high prevalence of job burnout among nurses in China.Interventions should be undertaken to prevent or reduce nurse burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Innovation-diffusion: a geographical study of the transition of family limitation practice in Taiwan.
- Author
-
Ting TY
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Culture, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Population Characteristics, Social Sciences, Taiwan, Demography, Ethnicity, Family Planning Services, Geography, Population, Population Dynamics, Research, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 1984
34. System of cities dynamics in newly industrializing nations.
- Author
-
Meyer DR
- Subjects
- Asia, Asia, Southeastern, China, Asia, Eastern, Geography, Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Industry, Population, Social Planning, Urban Population, Urbanization
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The effect of sex preference on fertility and family planning: empirical evidence.
- Author
-
Arnold F
- Subjects
- Asia, Behavior, China, Contraception, Family Relations, Asia, Eastern, Population, Population Dynamics, Psychology, Research, Social Values, Birth Order, Birth Rate, Contraception Behavior, Demography, Developing Countries, Family Characteristics, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Models, Theoretical, Parity, Sex, Sexual Behavior, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 1987
36. Analysis of China's province-specific mortality.
- Author
-
Hao H, Arriaga E, and Banister J
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Longevity, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Age Factors, Cause of Death, Demography, Geography, Infant Mortality, Life Expectancy, Mortality, Sex Factors
- Published
- 1988
37. Development and childlessness in Taiwan.
- Author
-
Poston Dl Jr, Yu MY, and Trent K
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Research, Social Sciences, Taiwan, Demography, Economics, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Population, Population Dynamics, Sexual Behavior, Social Change, Social Planning, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 1984
38. To achieve a rational distribution of population: the experience of Taiwan.
- Author
-
Tsai H
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Geography, Population, Taiwan, Urban Population, Demography, Economics, Public Policy, Urbanization
- Published
- 1986
39. [[Demographic aspects of urbanization in the Lower Yangtze region in China, circa 1500-1900]].
- Author
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Liu T
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Geography, Population, Social Sciences, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Urban Population, Urbanization
- Abstract
Urbanization trends in the Lower Yangtze region of China from 1500 to 1900 are examined. Data are from a variety of sources, including genealogies, local records, and other literature. An attempt is made to analyze the demographic characteristics of the urban population. "The demographic characteristics in respect to marriage, fertility and mortality found from the genealogies do reveal that there were dissimilarities between the rural and urban dwelling populations. Moreover, findings related to migration tend to support that rural to urban migration was an important factor that speeded up urbanization in the Lower Yangtze Region." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)
- Published
- 1986
40. [The differential migration of population in China: the analysis on sample survey data on urban population migration in 74 towns].
- Author
-
Xiong Y
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developing Countries, Economics, Emigration and Immigration, Asia, Eastern, Marriage, Population, Population Characteristics, Research, Sampling Studies, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Age Factors, Data Collection, Demography, Educational Status, Marital Status, Population Dynamics, Transients and Migrants
- Published
- 1988
41. [A general review of the discussion at the Beijing International Symposium on Population and Development].
- Author
-
Ren Y
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Education, Europe, Europe, Eastern, Asia, Eastern, Fertility, Geography, Hungary, Japan, Population, Population Characteristics, Research, Rural Population, USSR, Urban Population, Birth Rate, Demography, Economics, Emigration and Immigration, Employment, Politics, Population Dynamics, Population Growth, Public Policy, Research Design, Social Class, Social Planning, Social Problems, Socioeconomic Factors, Unemployment, Urbanization, Women's Rights
- Published
- 1985
42. The data and the dynamics of the Chinese populations.
- Author
-
Taeuber IB
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Asia, China, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Asia, Eastern, Fertility, Japan, Population, Population Growth, Sex Factors, Social Sciences, Taiwan, Age Distribution, Birth Rate, Demography, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Sex Distribution, Sex Ratio
- Published
- 1973
43. Rural demographic change, rising wages and the restructuring of Chinese agriculture.
- Author
-
Tianxiang Li, Wusheng Yu, Baležentis, Tomas, Jing Zhu, and Yueqing Ji
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,DEMOGRAPHY ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,LABOR market ,MECHANIZATION - Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify the effects of recent demographic transition and rising labor costs on agricultural production structure and pattern in China during 1998-2012. Design/methodology/approach - The authors, first, theoretically discuss the effects of changing relative input prices due to rising labor cost on producers' decisions regarding input mix (substitution effect), output level, and product quality (output effect). A logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition method is then applied to empirically identify these effects at aggregated levels, followed by an analysis based on the visualization of land use indicators on changing cropping patterns across Chinese provinces. Findings - The authors find that tightened effective agricultural labor supply and rises in rural labor costs are associated with divergent changes in input mixes and output choices across products. Producers of land-intensive products focusing more on input mix adjustment, while those of labor-intensive products seem to more likely to adjust output choices. Producers' adaption strategies also varied across Chinese provinces due to natural conditions, leading to shifts and concentrations in the regional distribution of agricultural products, with lower-value bulk products concentrating in the plain areas, whereas higher-value horticulture products increasingly prevailing in sloped areas. Originality/value - This paper illustrates how adjustments in input mixes and output choice in Chinese agriculture counteracted disadvantages caused by rising labor costs and how such adjustments are product and region specific. Based on these observations, implications regarding further innovations in production technology and institutional arrangements needed within China's agricultural sector are highlighted in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The new rural social pension program in rural China: participation and its correlates.
- Author
-
Zhao, Qiran, Brosig, Stephan, Luo, Renfu, Zhang, Linxiu, Yue, Ai, and Rozelle, Scott
- Subjects
PENSIONS ,SOCIAL services ,DEMOGRAPHY ,DATA analysis ,STATISTICAL correlation ,LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
Purpose The need for a universal rural pension system has been heightened by demographic changes in rural China, including the rapid aging of the nation’s rural population and a dramatic decline in fertility. In response to these changes, China’s Government introduced the New Rural Social Pension Program (NRSPP) in 2009, a voluntary and highly subsidized pension scheme. The purpose of this paper is to assess the participation of rural farmers in the NRSPP. Furthermore, the authors examine whether the NRSPP affects the labor supply of the elderly population in China.Design/methodology/approach This paper uses household-level data from a sample of 2,020 households originating from a survey conducted by the authors in five provinces, 25 counties, and 101 villages in rural China. Using a probit model and conducting correlation analysis, the authors demonstrate the factors affecting the participation and the impact of NRSPP on labor supply of the rural elderly.Findings The results show there are several factors that are correlated with participation, such as specific policy variant in force in the respective household's province, the size of the pension payout from government, the age of sample individuals, and the value of household durable assets. Specifically, different characteristics of NRSPP policy implementation increase participation in China’s social pension program. The results suggest that the introduction of the NRSPP has not affected the labor supply of the rural elderly, in general, although it has reduced participation for the elderly who were in poor health.Originality/value Several previous studies have covered the NRSPP. However, all previous studies were based on case studies or just focused on a small region, and for this reason the results cannot reflect the populations and heterogeneity of rural areas. Therefore, a data set with a large sample size is used in this paper to provide a new perspective to fully understand the participation of NRSPP and its impacts on rural households. This paper will make an update contribution to the literature in the area of pension programs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. End of the First Demographic Dividend and Possible Labor Market Response in China and Other Asian Countries.
- Author
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Ogawa, Naohiro and Chen, Qiulin
- Subjects
DEMOGRAPHY ,ECONOMIC opportunities ,LABOR market ,WAGES ,DEPENDENCY ratio ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
This paper sheds light on the nexus of age compositional shifts and the generation of the first demographic dividend over the past several decades in China, and also discusses how this dividend could be extended We first estimate how long China's first demographic dividend will last and then compare the computed results for China with those for other selected Asian countries in order to place the Chinese case in a wider perspective. Furthermore, in view of the possibility that China's first demographic dividend will turn negative in 2014, we offer insight into how and to what extent China's labor market needs to adjust and how much labor income must increase for the first demographic dividend to remain positive up to year 2050. For this goal to be achieved, the labor income age profile needs to be shifted to a considerable extent. We conduct an exercise in which the 2007 peak labor income age of 32 years is shifted to 40 years. In the case of the elderly, this implies an annual labor income growth of 3.1 percent over the period of 39 years. Throughout this paper, we draw on a variety of computed results derived from the Chinese component of the global 'National Transfer Accounts' project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Demographic transition, demographic dividend, and Lewis turning point in China.
- Author
-
Cai, Fang
- Subjects
DEMOGRAPHY ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC conditions in China, 2000- ,POPULATION ,GROSS domestic product - Abstract
The disagreements on changed stages of demographic transition and the role of a demographic dividend in a dual economy development process often lead to wide debates among scholars about China's development stages. This paper tries to reveal the nexus between demographic transition and dual economy development: the common starting point, close-related processes, and identical characteristics of stages. Based on the empirical evidence of population dynamics, the paper supports the judgment of diminishing demographic dividends and an imminent Lewis turning point in China. The paper also argues that keeping a sustainable and steady economic growth, and becoming a high-income country as early as possible is the key and only way to close the 'aging before affluence' gap. Accordingly, the paper concludes by proposing measures to exploit the potential of the first demographic dividend, creating conditions for a second demographic dividend, and tapping new sources of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Why do migrants in the shrinking cities prefer to settle down?
- Author
-
DONG Xin, ZHANG Chaohui, and ZHOU Weihua
- Subjects
- *
INTERNAL migrants , *URBANIZATION , *DEMOGRAPHY , *CITY dwellers , *URBAN density , *RESIDENTIAL mobility , *HUMAN settlements - Abstract
China's total floating population is more than 200 million. It will be beneficial for the improvement of urban management and urbanization quality to let more floating population settle down. Based on this, this paper uses the data of 270 cities from China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) and China Urban Statistical Yearbook to analyze the settlement desire of the floating population, and finds that the settlement desire of the floating population in the shrinking cities is significantly stronger than that in the growing cities. Why is the settlement desire of the floating population in the shrinking cities with a decreasing population size significantly stronger than that of the growing cities? In this paper, the Logit model, Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) and Spatial Durbin Error Model (SDEM) are constructed to analyze the resettlement desire of floating population at the individual level and the urban level respectively. The results show that: (1) The proportion of the floating population family members in the shrinking cities is higher than that in the growing cities, family reunion and the concentration of interpersonal networks are the reasons for the stronger settlement desire of the floating population in the shrinking cities. (2) The high proportion of women in the floating population in shrinking cities is another reason for the strong settlement desire of the floating population in shrinking cities. At the same time, the characteristics of individuals' agricultural household registration and lower education level limit the flow of the floating population from the shrinking cities to the growing ones. (3) The costs of housing and other settlement conditions are relatively low in the shrinking cities, and it is easier for the floating population to cross the threshold of settlement and realize the settlement in the destination cities, resulting in a stronger settlement desire of the floating population in the shrinking cities. (4) Some characteristics of the surrounding cities have a significant impact on the settlement desire of the floating population in the shrinking cities, such as the ratio of housing price to income, the proportion of the floating population with agricultural household registration and the number of years of education of the floating population in the surrounding cities. In view of this, this study puts forward the following policy recommendations: Too much policy intervention is not needed against the shrinking cities, for the settlement desire of the floating population in shrinking cities remains strong, and the shrinking process remains relatively stable. The obstacles of household registration and other related systems and mechanisms should be further removed, the education level of the floating population should be improved and appropriate regulation of the housing market should be introduced to ensure a reasonable price income ratio to promote the free flow of labor elements and improve the desire of the floating population to settle down in the cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
48. Will China's demographic transition exacerbate its income inequality?–CGE modeling with top-down microsimulation.
- Author
-
Wang, Xinxin, Chen, Kevin Z., Robinson, Sherman, and Huang, Zuhui
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,DEMOGRAPHY ,INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) ,HOUSEHOLDS ,POVERTY ,MICROSIMULATION modeling (Statistics) - Abstract
Demographic transition due to population aging is an emerging trend throughout the developing world, and it is especially acute in China, which has undergone demographic transition more rapidly than have most industrial economies. This paper quantifies the distributional effects in the context of demographic transition using an integrated recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model with top-down behavioral microsimulation. The results of the poverty and inequality index indicate that population aging has a negative impact on the reduction of poverty while its impact is positive with regard to equality. In addition, elderly rural households are experiencing the most serious poverty, and their inequality problems compared with other household groups and within-group inequality worsen with demographic transition. These findings not only advance the previous literature but also deserve particular attention from Chinese policy-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Whither Rural China? A Case Study of Gao Village.
- Author
-
Gao, Mobo
- Subjects
VILLAGES ,DEMOGRAPHY ,FAMILY planning ,LAND tenure ,URBANIZATION - Abstract
This case study of Gao Village has two aims: to provide an update on Gao Village since 1997, when Gao Village (Gao 1999, 2014) leaves off, and to ponder the future direction of rural China. The article begins with an update on the development of Gao Village from the late 1990s up to 2015, dealing with several major thematic topics such as demography, family and marriage, living standards, education and health care. Using empirical evidence gathered during several years of fieldwork as background, the paper then moves on to discuss the future direction of rural China. This second part covers the current intellectual and policy debate on two crucial issues: land ownership and urbanization. The paper concludes that the Chinese state is still undecided on a grand narrative: whether to travel further in the direction of full-scale capitalism or whether to retain some kind of socialist collectivism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Health Consequences of Rural-to-Urban Migration: Evidence from Panel Data in China.
- Author
-
Song, Yang and Sun, Wenkai
- Subjects
DEMOGRAPHY ,EMPLOYMENT ,HEALTH status indicators ,PROBABILITY theory ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
This paper provides new empirical evidence on the health consequences of rural-to-urban migration in China. We use a panel dataset from 2003 to 2006 constructed by the Research Center on the Rural Economy at the Ministry of Agriculture in China to investigate the effects of short-term and medium-term migration on health status. By combining propensity-score matching and the difference-in-difference model, we attempt to overcome the migration endogeneity issue and estimate the average treatment effect on the treated. We find that the effect of short-term migration on health in China is significantly positive mostly because of the income effect. However, the effect of longer-term continuous migration on health is insignificant and close to zero. Our results are robust to several alternative estimation techniques and a series of robustness checks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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