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This paper finds that non-exporters benefit from industrial agglomeration through manufacturing specialization, whereas little effect of local specialization on productivity is found among exporters. We organize this special issue not only to gain understanding of how China's regional development works but also to introduce China's experience to other emerging markets as reference. Over the past decades, China's economy has expanded at a staggering pace by means of various reforms and economic liberalization. [Extracted from the article]

Land is a production factor that supports industrial development and also an important resource for increasing local government revenue. The scientific allocation of land has a positive effect on applying a new development philosophy. Based on the data of China's micro land transaction, this paper constructs the industrial dispersion indicator of land transfer to discuss about how short-term fiscal pressure affects allocation of land resources among industries and then analyzes its impacts on agglomeration effects. The results show that the greater the short-term fiscal pressure, the higher the dispersion of land transfer among industries, which holds true after going through a series of robustness tests. Further analyses show that the dispersion of land transfer among industries deteriorates the policy orientation of giving priority to key industries. Finally, the practice of dispersion of land transfer among industries weakens agglomeration economies. The research results of this paper show that local governments' strategy of land transfer among induestries for coping with short-term fiscal pressure has the characteristics of "increasing fiscal revenues and weakening the role of industrial guidance." This means that in the new stage of development, local governments urgently need to enhance their understanding of the multiple functions of land and avoid impairing industrial development for addressing the short-term fiscal pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of the high-quality transformation and development of China's economy, one of the issues that needs to be resolved is how to strengthen the ability of finance to serve the real economy and improve the efficiency of financial operations. Pilot Free Trade Zones (PFTZs), highlands of institutional innovation, have played the role of a natural testing ground for China to deepen its financial supply-side reform and improve the efficiency of financial services in the real economy. On that premise, this paper discusses the policy effects and transmission channels for the financial reform of PFTZs to improve the efficiency of financial services in the real economy within China. The findings of the papar are the followings, (1) The reform of PFTZs has significantly improved the efficiency of finance in the real economy, having even achieved a sustainable effect. That is to say, with the extension of the duration of free trade zone construction and the gradual implementation of financial reform measures, the regional impact of financial services in the real economy has shown a year-on-year upward trend. (2) The effects of financial agglomeration, financial transparency, and optimization of financial infrastructure produced by the reform of PFTZs have played a significant regulatory role in the process of improving the efficiency of financial services in the free trade zones. (3) The effect of China's financial reform on PFTZs has fostered noticeable regional diversity; an important reason for the diversity of policy effect rests with the difference in transmission mechanisms. The conclusions of this paper expand the research dimension of the literature evaluating the effect of policy on PFTZs, and provide policy references from the perspective of financial reform in the free trade zones for China to further deepen financial supply-side reform and improve the efficiency of financial services in the real economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the golden 20 years of the Chinese leather industry as an example, this paper adopts a spatial panel model to accurately portray the characteristics of spatial evolution and the trend of development of agglomeration of the leather industry. This paper further systematically identifies the key driving factors of leather industry agglomeration, taking into account the time effect, spatial effect, and spatio-temporal effect at the same time. The results show that China's leather industry shows a shift from coastal areas to diffusion to inland areas. In terms of influencing factors, resource endowment and economic externality are the key force leading the agglomeration of leather industry. In addition, according to the results of group regression, it is found that innovation capacity and environmental regulation have become the main driving forces affecting the development of leather industry. Therefore, the government should carry out global planning according to the spatial pattern and transfer path of leather industry agglomeration. Based on the deep-level driving mechanism of industrial pattern evolution, specific industrial measures should be formulate to realize the development and promotion of leather industry in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy uncertainties have always played a critical role in shaping economic outcomes, as evidenced by the recent sluggish economic growth in many countries. Green economic efficiency (GEE) is a comprehensive index to measure economic, social, and environmental development. This paper uses the slack-based measurement (SBM) directional distance function and Luenberger productivity indicator to measure the static GEE and dynamic green total factor productivity (GTFP) of China's urban agglomerations from 2003 to 2020 under constraints of resources and environment. In order to clarify the driving mechanisms of GEE and GTFP, this paper adds the factor of economic policy uncertainty (EPU). The results show that there is a positive correlation between EPU with GEE and GTFP. The possible reason is that the market mechanism plays a decisive role in improved GEE and GTFP. Therefore, policymakers should give better play to the government's macro-control role, and play the decisive role of the market mechanism in the environmental governance system to improve GEE and GTFP in a targeted manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is a vital pursuit of firms' strategy and has caused substantial influences on firms' behavior and outcomes. Therefore, exploring how to facilitate the firms' ESG performance is necessary. This paper examines the role of CEOs' hometown identity in facilitating firm's ESG performance. Based on a sample of Chinese listed firms during 2010–2018, we compare the ESG performance of firms with hometown CEO with that of firms without hometown CEO and find that CEOs' hometown identity is associated with significantly higher ESG performance. The benchmark results still hold after instrumental variable regression, placebo test, propensity score matching, lagging, and altering the measurement of CEOs' hometown identity. Additional analysis shows that CEOs' hometown identity exerts a more prominent positive effect on ESG performance among firms with higher financing constraints and SOEs. Our findings reveal a bright side of CEOs' hometown identity: it facilitates ESG performance. Therefore, this paper's conclusion sheds new light on the bright side of CEOs' hometown identity from the perspective of firms' ESG performance and provides insights into how to improve ESG performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's economy has developed rapidly since the implementation of its reform and opening-up policy. However, the long-term extensive development has also brought serious ecological problems to China. Ecological crises, such as air pollution, water pollution and land desertification occur frequently. Green finance has become a path to promote China's sustainable economic development as an economic activity to deal with climate change, improve the ecological environment and make rational use of resources. This paper will construct a spatial econometric model and coupling coordination degree model to carry out empirical research. Based on the data from 1999 to 2020, this paper constructs an evaluation index system of green finance and an economic ecology system. First, the spatial autocorrelation model is used to analyze the spatial relationship. Second, the coupling coordination degree model is used to measure the evolution of the coupling coordination relationship between green finance and economic ecology. The results show that green finance has a strong spatial agglomeration. Economic and ecological development has maintained a stable spatial positive correlation. The spatial difference of economic ecological development is more obvious than the development of green finance. The development of green finance has a significant positive role in promoting the economic and ecological development of its province. The degree of coupling and coordination of green finance and economic ecology shows an increasing trend, changing from transition type to coupling and coordination type. It shows that China's green finance can effectively promote the overall optimal development of economic ecology to a certain extent. However, no high-quality coordination was observed in the result of coupling coordination, and thus, there is still some room for progress in the development of the two. China needs to change the current mode of economic development comprehensively and take the road of harmonious development suited to the economy and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the world's free trade system has been severely damaged by a series of protectionist measures in the United States and anti-globalization practices such as Brexit. Against this background, RCEP, the world's largest trade agreement, was officially signed on November 15, 2021. The RCEP provided a good working basis for the establishment of a Korea, China, and Japan free trade zone. First, this paper describes the current status of Korea-China-Japan trade cooperation and the current status of the trilateral telecommunication industry. Second, this paper simulates the changes in the overall economy of China, Japan, and Korea when tariffs are reduced to 0%, 5%, and 10%, respectively, after the establishment of a free trade zone using the 8th edition GTAP database. Then, using the simulated data changes and using the 2019 data as a benchmark, we calculated the changes in the RCA index for the three countries' telecommunications industries for the three tax rates. In the end, it is concluded that the economies of the three countries will grow to different levels in many ways when the Korea, China, and Japan free trade zone is established. Japan's telecommunications industry will not be significantly affected, Korea will grow significantly with higher tax rates and China will grow significantly with lower tax rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household battery energy storage (HBES) is expected to play an important role in the transition to decarbonized energy systems by enabling the further penetration of renewable energy technologies while assuring power grid stability. However, the hitherto high installation cost is a key barrier for further deployment of HBES. Therefore, in order to improve its economic feasibility, we will study how HBES participates in the electricity peak regulation ancillary service market (PRASM) in China, which can add new sources of income for HBES. When participating in PRASM, the market mechanism first needs to be understood, and the framework for participating in PRASM needs to be established. In this framework, HBES needs to be aggregated into a cluster by the aggregator to participate in PRASM. In this participation process, the aggregator first needs to determine the controllable capacity of HBES and analyze its uncertainty. After the upper limit of the controllable capacity is determined, the aggregator will be able to more accurately formulate the bidding strategy considering the reserve capacity and charging power allocation strategy to maximize the net income. In this paper, particle swarm optimization and chaos optimization are combined to solve this problem, and finally different scenarios are analyzed through example analysis. The results of the case analysis show that the bidding strategy considering the reserve capacity proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the output deviation value and has a relatively higher economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the increasingly volatile global political order, national economic structures and international relations, integrated as they are, are showing concerning signs of strain. Taiwan, whose world-leading semiconductor industry is indispensable in Global Supply Chains and whose economic prosperity and security are critical to a stable global economic system, has received much research interest since the late 1980s. Against the background of a slowing Taiwanese economy, starting in the 2000s, this paper seeks to investigate the causes of Taiwan's challenges and the linkages to the global economy vis-à-vis China. Based on previous research from different social science disciplines, this paper shows that Taiwan's economic performance has been undermined by the declining effectiveness of its industrial policy and the general state intervention in the country, which is in turn caused by deep socio-political divisions on issues of national identity and Taiwan-China relations. The paper reveals the dilemma, which results from this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Agricultural carbon productivity considers the dual goals of "agricultural economic growth" and "carbon emission reduction". Improving agricultural carbon productivity is a requirement for promoting green and low-carbon development of agriculture. Agricultural production agglomeration is widespread worldwide, but the relationship between agricultural production agglomeration and agricultural carbon productivity is inconclusive. This paper aims to study the impact of agricultural production agglomeration on agricultural carbon productivity, which is conducive to a better understanding of the relationships among agglomeration, agricultural economic development and carbon emission, better planning of agricultural layout to build a modern agricultural industrial system and achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Design/methodology/approach: Based on China's provincial data from 1991 to 2019, this paper uses non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) and Metafrontier Malmquist–Luenberger (MML) productivity index to measure total factor agricultural carbon productivity. Subsequently, using a panel two-way fixed effect model to study the effect and mechanism of agricultural production agglomeration on agricultural carbon productivity, and the two-stage least squares method (IV-2SLS) is used to solve endogeneity. Finally, this paper formulates a moderating effect model from the perspective of the efficiency of agricultural material capital inputs. Findings: The empirical results identify that Chinese provincial agricultural carbon productivity has an overall growth trend and agricultural technological progress is the major source of growth. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between agricultural production agglomeration and agricultural carbon productivity. The input efficiency of agricultural film, machine and water resources have moderating effects on the inverted U-shaped relationship. Agricultural production agglomeration also promotes agricultural carbon productivity by inhibiting agricultural carbon emissions in addition to affecting agricultural input factors and its internal mechanisms are agricultural green technology progress and rural human capital improvement. Originality/value: This paper innovatively adopts the NDDF–MML method to measure the total factor agricultural carbon productivity more scientifically and accurately and solves the problems of ignoring group heterogeneity and the shortcomings of traditional productivity measurement in previous studies. This paper also explains the inverted U-shaped relationship between agricultural production agglomeration and agricultural carbon productivity theoretically and empirically. Furthermore, from the perspective of agricultural material capital input efficiency, this paper discusses the moderating effect of input efficiency of fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural film, agricultural machines and water resources on agricultural production agglomeration affecting agricultural carbon productivity and answers the mechanism of carbon emission reduction of agricultural production agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the spatial pattern and development strategies of urbanization from the perspective of the multi-dimensional coordination of population, economy, and land is the key to solving the problems of the urban–rural gap and human–land contradiction. This paper analyzed the spatial agglomeration of population, economy, and construction land area growth rates and explored their coordinated development in Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2010 to 2020 by using the spatial autocorrelation model, elasticity coefficient model, and coupling coordination model. The results are as follows: (1) China's population, economy, and construction land area were all growing, with the highest economic growth and the lowest population growth, and most prefecture-level cities in central and northeastern China had negative population growth. (2) The growth rates of the population, economy, and construction land in Chinese prefecture-level cities had significant positive spatial clustering characteristics; the spatial agglomeration of the economy was the most prominent and the high-value areas were mainly concentrated in western China. (3) The elasticity coefficients between the population, economy, and construction land in most Chinese prefecture-level cities indicate uneven development of urbanization, manifested as population growth lagging behind construction land expansion and further lagging behind economic development. (4) More than 56% of Chinese prefecture-level cities have uncoordinated development among the population, economy, and construction land mainly distributed in northeast China and central China. The results can provide references and decision-making support for promoting the sustainable development of China's new urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persisting in opening up and achieving coordinated development of economy, society, and ecology is China's major strategies for achieving sustainable urbanization. Ecological efficiency is a reasonable indicator to measure the development level of a circular economy. Therefore, using the statistical data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2016, this paper uses the super-efficiency SBM model that considers undesired output to measure the eco-efficiency value, which is used to measure the level of circular economy development in each province. Based on this, a panel model is constructed to test the impact of circular economy and FDI on urbanization. The empirical results show that (1) there is a complex nonlinear relationship between the development of circular economy and the advancement of urbanization, and the shape of the curve varies with areas; (2) FDI under environmental regulation is conducive to promoting China's urbanization to achieve green, effective, and sustainable development; and (3) the development of the tertiary industry, human resources, innovation capabilities, and employment situation is conducive to promoting China's urbanization. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to achieve green, efficient, and intelligent development of Chinese cities by promoting the development of a circular economy and strengthening FDI screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze and explain how urban centrality influences tourism development in a city. Based on the panel data of 295 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2018, the paper develops explanatory mechanisms and discusses the influence theoretically and empirically. To advance the analysis, this paper constructs a new index for urban centrality. Our empirical findings are as follows: (1) urban centrality promotes tourism income significantly. (2) Mechanism analysis illustrates that urban centrality fosters tourism through the agglomeration and industrial structure effects. (3) Heterogenous analysis suggests that the influence of urban centrality on tourism varies with city sizes and locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon emission rights trading pilot (CERTP) policy is an important measure to promote low-carbon economic development. This pilot policy also affects the entry and survival of enterprises and is thus related to local government fiscal pressure. The objective of this paper is to examine whether the CERTP policy increases local government fiscal pressure. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of China's CERTP policy, using a dataset from 314 prefecture-level cities in China over the period 2005 to 2019, this paper applies the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine the impact of the CERTP policy on local government fiscal pressure, and further tests the spatial spillover effects and potential mediation mechanisms of this pilot policy. The results indicate that the implementation of the CERTP policy significantly increases local government fiscal pressure, especially in the eastern regions and regions with low economic development levels, which provides further evidence of a causal relationship between the CERTP policy and fiscal pressure. The results of the spatial spillover effects confirm that the implementation of the CERTP policy in neighboring prefecture-level cities would increase local government fiscal pressure in the local region. The results of the mediation mechanism effect reveal that the CERTP policy aggravates local government fiscal pressure by inhibiting the progress of green technology by enterprises, hindering the emergence of new enterprises, and increasing the number of closures of high-carbon emissions enterprises. This paper recommends that when implementing the CERTP policy, it is necessary to weigh the overall impact of the policy, not just its effect on carbon emissions reduction. The fiscal sustainability of local governments cannot be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional rural cultural heritage is not only the crystallisation of China's long agricultural history but also can guide the development of modern agriculture to some extent. It has its values for scientific research, education, tourism and other aspects. About exploration on the value of agricultural cultural heritage, there are some problems such as landscape homogenisation as well as iconic landscape deficiency. This paper focuses on the concept of rural culture, studies the planning of ecological agricultural circular economy in combination with agricultural ecological scenery, analyses the actual situation of regional rural culture and its actual planning needs, and verifies it through practice. From the researching point of view, the planning method proposed in this paper can be effectively combined with the traditional agricultural culture concept and can promote the development of agriculture and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous enterprise agglomeration is an important perspective in understanding urban exports and reshaping the new advantages of urban openness. This paper considers data from China's industrial enterprises and municipality-level panel data from 192 cities to systematically examine enterprises' heterogeneity, agglomeration patterns, and urban exports. The results reveal that: (1) the heterogeneity in enterprise productivity exhibits a significant promotional effect on urban exports in China's central and northeastern regions, but not on its western regions; (2) specialized agglomeration positively affects exports in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized cities, while diversified agglomeration significantly and positively impacts the eastern and northeastern regions and small and large cities; and (3) thresholds exist in determining the effects of agglomeration and sequencing on urban exports and their sequence by considering heterogeneity in enterprises' productivity. This work provides important policy implications for the development of export trade in cities and countries by suggesting a focus on rational planning and adjustments to regional industrial policies, improvements to talent flow mechanisms, and construction of social infrastructures. HIGHLIGHTS Heterogeneous enterprise agglomeration can shape exports from city-based businesses A new simultaneous model determines how to increase urban exports Heterogeneity can have various impacts in different Chinese regions and cities Increasing productivity and exports requires strategic planning for optimization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-industrial sites in Chinese cities are being redeveloped as catalysts for urban regeneration, often tuning into the creative cultures of these cities to provide platforms for creative enterprises to flourish. The success of these projects in driving the development of China's creative economy, however, has led to many imitative redevelopment projects, creating a blueprint for the format of industrial zones and cultural parks in cities. Many recent urban renewal projects have placed great emphasis on commercial and practical aspects of implementation and creative practice but have failed to respond to the different contexts of each location within the design and planning, and therefore performed poorly in providing opportunities for developing local enterprise or addressing social welfare needs. A recent funded research project has been conducted by an international cross-disciplinary team that is seeking different opportunities for developing relevant creative industries while retaining cultural and industrial heritage. The project focuses on regional culture and, with use of new methodologies, studies its impact on urban regeneration. By working with participants who are both site users and developers, this paper explores the research conducted so far and offers initial findings. Findings include that regenerations should integrate the characteristics of historic industrial sites with the new requirements of the creative industries. The major stakeholders whose impact on urban regenerations have also been identified and the most important factors for successful transformations from heavy to creative industry are discovered to be local geography, history, culture, politics, economy and ethnography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China's urbanization process has entered a period of rapid development, and cities have become key to driving regional economic development. This paper uses data from 286 cities in China in the period 2005–2018 to construct an urban economic growth quality index system and examine the influence of spatial factors on the convergence trend of China's urban economic growth quality. It is found that there is a β absolute convergence trend of economic growth quality in Chinese cities across the whole country. After controlling for the initial conditions of individual economies, spatial factors strengthen the spatial convergence trend of urban economic growth quality and significantly increase the corresponding convergence rate. Among the areas studied, the western region has the fastest convergence rate, followed by the central and eastern regions, and the convergence rates of both the central and western regions are higher than the national average. Agglomeration economies and fiscal policy tools are important for the promotion of the urban economic growth quality. The agglomeration of productive service industries significantly improves the spatial convergence rate of urban economic growth quality. This effect is mainly due to the spatial spillover of industrial agglomeration. The expansion of government fiscal expenditure also contributes to the spatial convergence trend of urban economic growth quality. Local economic growth quality is also affected by government fiscal expenditure in neighboring cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The household energy consumption has been a hot field in the study of household energy consumption in recent years. With the increase of residents' income level and the pushing of urbanization, there is a complex nonlinear relationship between energy price and energy consumption. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the scenario effect of per capita income and regional differences in urbanization development on the relationship between electricity sales price and urban household electricity consumption. To this direction, based on the regional characteristics of economic development in China, with the residents' disposable income and the urbanization level as the conversion variables and the electricity sales price as the core explanatory variable, the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model of electricity sales price and urban household electricity consumption from the perspectives of income level and urbanization has been constructed in this paper. The empirical results show the following: (1) Under the consideration of regional difference of residents' income level, with the increase of residents' disposable income level, there is a significant negative correlation between electricity sales price and urban household electricity consumption in the whole country, the eastern region, and the central region, while such correlation is significantly positive in the western region. (2) Under the consideration of the difference of urbanization development level, the national regional electricity sales price and the urbanization level are positively related to the urban household electricity consumption, and the urbanization level in the western region plays the biggest role in promoting the urban household electricity consumption, followed by the eastern region and then the central region which plays the smallest role. This paper discusses the effect of electricity sales price on urban household electricity consumption from the perspective of regional difference in income and urbanization, which provides the decision-making basis and empirical support for developing regional electricity price policy and household energy consumption policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional development disparities, especially in developing countries, have traditionally been one of the central issues of empirical research in regional economics. However, this rapid change is accompanied by profound changes in the spatial distribution of economic activities in China, the formation of regional economic "blocks," the widening of regional disparities, and the geographical concentration of economic growth efficiency are important issues highlighted in this change. Therefore, it is important to explore the spatial clustering characteristics and patterns of regional economic growth to provide a scientific basis for relevant government departments to formulate reasonable regional development strategies and promote the balanced and stable development of economic growth. Clustering analysis is an important research topic in the field of data mining, which is used to discover unknown object classes in large-scale data sets. This paper proposes a density-clustering algorithm based on the regional economic competitiveness of China and analyzes its spatial aggregation characteristics. From the perspective of spatial structure theory, economic development is a dynamic process, and to optimize the spatial pattern of China's regional economic development and improve the efficiency of economic interaction between regions, it is necessary to fully exploit the diffusion and trickle-down effects of important growth poles in the region to the surrounding areas. The experimental results show that the error rate of KSNN is very small, and the error rate of K-means and PSO has increased to a certain extent. Therefore, it can be obtained that the density-clustering algorithm based on the regional economic competitiveness zoning method in China can find out the correct clustering results without the given clustering individual cases. Thus, it is important to grasp the current situation of regional economic agglomeration and reveal the driving factors of agglomeration formation to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and guide the spatial layout of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the percentage of residential energy consumption out of total energy consumption has increased. This paper uses statistical data from 30 Chinese provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2000 to 2020 to analyze the impact of urbanization on residential energy consumption and construct an econometric model to test the mechanism. The empirical tests show that the consumption of direct energy (energy that exists in nature in its original form and has not been transformed) is positively U-shaped about the urbanization rate. Furthermore, the impact of economic development on direct and indirect energy consumption is significantly positive. In contrast, the effects of population agglomeration on immediate energy consumption are adverse, and the indirect energy consumption is positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provinces (cities and districts) with identifiable boundaries are under intense pressure to reduce emissions as a fundamental unit and research object of carbon peaking and carbon-neutrality goals. Due to the significant variability of regional development, achieving equilibrium between carbon emissions and carbon absorption is challenging, contributing to the difficulty of developing carbon emission reduction and relevant green strategic initiatives in China. Therefore, this paper explored the spatial effect of carbon balance with carbon pressure as the starting point. First, this paper defined the "carbon pressure index" (CPI) of 30 provinces (cities and districts) in China from 2000 to 2019. Second, this paper validated the CPI agglomeration evolutionary characteristics in global and local aspects based on the Moran's index. Third, this paper identified and decomposed the spatial heterogeneity of CPI using the kernel density estimation method and the Theil index, then extracted typical cities to analyze the specific causes. Finally, this paper classified the seven regions in China into four types according to a comprehensive analysis of CPI. The results indicated that China's ecological carbon cycle system was in a serious "carbon overload" state. Thirty provinces (cities and districts) showed significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. The spatial gap of CPI was gradually decreasing nationwide, and the intra-regional differences were the leading cause of CPI levels in China. This can provide policy basis for the improvement of China's balanced development system of regional carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarizes stylized facts of three dimensions of population agglomeration and the radiation effects of central cities relating to the evolutionary laws of China's population distribution. We test with decennial census data from 2000 to 2020 to identify determinants of population agglomeration and radiation effects. The results show that the distance to the major ports, central cities, and city centers of central cities determines China's population concentration. Moreover, central cities have apparent radiation effects. The closer to the central cities or the larger the population and economic scale of the central cities, the more the population is concentrated in peripheral cities or counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to address the question of how the type of agglomeration externalities impacts on the type of entrepreneurship at the regional level. Using China's provincial panel data from 2003 to 2015, we employ the Generalised Moment Method to test the role of regional specialisation and geographic concentration in necessity-driven and/or opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. In general, the empirical results show that entrepreneurial activities motivated by opportunity, rather than by necessity, tend to be higher in a more specialised or more concentrated area in the context of creative industries. The results are basically consistent and robust by regressions within different groups of creative sectors. The paper is helpful in examining the channels by which entrepreneurial activities can be stimulated by industries clustering strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of China, urbanization has become an important research topic of China's CO2 emissions. To fill the gap in considering the spatial correlation of the comprehensive urbanization that includes multi-dimensional factors on CO2 emissions from urban civil buildings (UBEC), this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator of urbanization from four aspects including population, economy, society, and land urbanization by using the entropy method. The spatial spillover effect of UBEC and the impact of comprehensive urbanization on UBEC are also studied by using the spatial panel model in this paper. This study finds out that UBEC has obvious spatial spillover effects. During the early years of the study period, the eastern coastal areas had greater carbon emissions, while in recent years, they have gradually transitioned to the northwestern regions. Comprehensive urbanization has a significant promotion effect on it. And foreign direct investment and per capita energy consumption also have positive impact on UBEC. This study provides a reference for measuring the effects of urbanization on sector-specific CO2 emissions and may be useful for energy efficiency and emission abatement efforts in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its traditional comparative advantages are on the wane, China should use digital economy to enhance its competitiveness of manufacturing export. Based on microscopic data of various regions in China from 2013 to 2020, this paper studies the relationship between digital economy and China’s competitiveness of manufacturing export, the internal mechanism of their influence, and the boundary conditions for the establishment of the relationship between digital economy and competitiveness of manufacturing export. Our conclusions include that: there is a significant positive spatial correlation between digital economy and export competitiveness; digital economy can not only enhance the export competitiveness of the region, but also have a positive impact on that of adjacent regions; innovation efficiency, the accumulation of human capital and synergistic agglomeration exerts a mediating effect when digital economy impacts China’s export competitiveness; and with the share of import trade as the threshold variable, the facilitating effect of digital economy on the export competitiveness of the western region is lower than that of the eastern region before the threshold, but significantly higher than that of the eastern, central and northeastern regions as well as the whole country after the threshold. Therefore, China should vigorously promote the construction of new digital infrastructure in the western region, and give full play to the role of new digital infrastructure in promoting trade upgrade. Through the improvement of human capital quality, the centralized development of digital economy and the overall improvement of innovation efficiency, we should gradually improve the international competitiveness of China’s export enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is an unheard of shock to the Indian economy and Trade. The virus that prompted a localized shock in China is now delivering a sizeable world shock. This learn simulates the possible have an impact of COVID-19 on gross home product and trade, the use of a fashionable world computable established equilibrium model. It fashions the shock as underutilization of labour and capital, expansion in worldwide exchange costs, a drop in tour services, and redirection of demand away from things to do that require proximity between people. The economy was already in a parlous nation earlier than COVID-19 struck. With the extended country-wide lockdown, global financial downturn and related disruption of demand and furnish chains, the financial system is likely to face a protracted length of slowdown. The magnitude of the financial effect will rely upon the length and severity of the fitness crisis, the length of the lockdown and how the situation unfolds as soon as the lockdown is lifted. This workout is illustrative, due to the fact it is nevertheless too early to make a knowledgeable evaluation of the full have an impact of the pandemic. But it does deliver the probable extent of impending world financial pain, mainly for creating countries and their possible want for assistance. In this paper we describe the nation of the Indian economy in the pre-COVID-19 period, determine the plausible influence of the shock on some segments of the economy, analyse the insurance policies that have been introduced so some distance with the aid of the central authorities and the Reserve Bank of India to ameliorate the monetary shock and put ahead a set of policy recommendations for particular sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of agglomeration economies on firm productivity and the role of absorptive capacity in China. Taking into account the transitioning economy context, I further exploit the gradual and spatially uneven implementation of market-oriented reforms to track the relative importance of firms' absorptive capacity for economic catch-up. The three main results are as follows. First, firms exhibit higher productivity when located in an area with a denser network of related activities, particularly for firms with higher absorptive capacity. Second, the sources of the productivity gains are driven by externalities that arise from better access to inputs, similar workers and technological-related knowledge spillovers. Third, the role of absorptive capacity becomes more important for boosting productivity following more versus less intensive market-oriented economic reforms. These findings have important policy implications for transitioning economies and suggest that market reforms promote efficiency improvements related to performing actual R&D as well as encourage firms to seek out external sources of knowledge in order to attain market competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of Broadband Network Infrastructure (BNI) on urban ecological innovation (EI). The implementation of China's "Broadband China" Demonstration City (BCDC) construction policy provides a quasi‐natural experiment for examining the causal effect of BNI on urban EI. Using the difference‐in‐differences method, we find that BNI significantly increases the number of green patent applications in local cities, and that the effect is increasing over time. Examination of the underlying mechanism reveals that BNI promotes urban EI through stimulating entrepreneurship, improving human capital level, and attracting investment agglomeration. This paper contributes to the understanding of why significant innovation frequently occurs in places with relatively perfect infrastructure, such as networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A considerable number of German multinational enterprises (MNE) are located in the Greater Shanghai Area. German MNE in the industrial sector show an inclination to export German forms of technical training—more specifically German‐style dual apprenticeship training—to their worldwide subsidiaries. Within China, this is especially the case for the Greater Shanghai Area, which has established itself as a 'hotspot' for dual apprenticeship training in the last 15 years. This paper explores what makes the Greater Shanghai Area such a 'hotspot' for dual apprenticeship training—in international comparison—by focusing on factors influencing the spatial agglomeration of dual apprenticeship training activities in this region. The paper finds unevenly distributed institutional resources regarding the attraction of German Foreign Direct Investment as well as unevenly distributed resources at the skill formation system level as important influencing factors. Both factors show 'self‐reinforcing' dynamics strengthening already existing spatial agglomeration of dual apprenticeship training activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking 100 cities in China, this paper adopts gravity model, time–space model, and generalized impulse response function to probe into the spillover effect of housing price against the backdrop of spatial agglomeration. This study found that the degree of spillover effect between cities is correlated to economic foundations and grade of cities in general. When economic foundations and grade of a city are basically the same, the spillover effect presents a law of weakening with the increase of distance. In urban agglomerations with higher degree of networked structure, the features are the all‐around spillover effect of central city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatiotemporal agglomeration of industries is the most prominent geographical feature of economic activities. Based on the analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of China's construction industry agglomeration, this paper analyzes the characteristics and evolution trend of the spatiotemporal agglomeration of construction industry in 31 provinces and cities of China from 2010 to 2019 by using Moran's index and the spatiotemporal transition measurement model. The findings are as follows: (1) China's construction industry has experienced two stages in terms of time: steady rise and turbulent rise. Spatially, China's construction industry, as a whole, the space takes the shape of one horizontal and two vertical, similar to the letter "H" being crossed. And the difference of "East-West" two ends of the industrial agglomeration level is obvious. (2) The Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations (Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang), the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomerations (Guangdong), Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomerations, and the western region (Xinjiang and Tibet) have significant local features. The four major types of China's construction industry cluster, which are H-H, H-L, L-H, and L-L, are formed. (3) The time-space transition of China's construction industry is dominated by the "stable transition" mode. The transition inertia is significant. The regional development has strong path dependence and spatial locking characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Robust infrastructure is essential to enhance urban productivity and support urban development. • Transportation infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting economic agglomeration. • Information infrastructure promotes urban productivity through labor mobility and agglomeration effects. • The promotion effect on urban productivity in eastern regions and megacities is more obvious. • Transportation and information infrastructure have positive spatial spillover effects on urban productivity. Improving total factor productivity is an important driving force for achieving high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 256 cities in China from 2009 to 2019, this paper investigates the effect of transportation and information infrastructure on urban productivity. The results show that transportation and information infrastructure promote urban productivity, and the effect in eastern regions and megacities is more obvious. The mechanism analysis shows that transportation infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting economic agglomeration, and information infrastructure enhances urban productivity by promoting labor mobility, economic agglomeration, financial agglomeration and industrial agglomeration. The spatial spillover effect shows positive spatial autocorrelation of urban productivity. Transportation and information infrastructure have significant positive spatial spillover effects on urban productivity. China should continue to promote the construction of transportation infrastructure, strengthen investment in information infrastructure, and promote the joint construction, sharing, coordination and integration of transportation and information infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use change is closely related to the terrestrial ecosystem. Studying the relationship between land use and ecosystem service carbon storage under future climate change can optimize the regional ecosystem service function and formulate sustainable social and economic development policies, which is of great significance for regional carbon emission management and climate change response. In this paper, the coupled model of SSP-RCP-PLUS-InVEST was constructed to simulate land use change under different scenarios, analyze the influence degree of driving factors on different regions, and explore the spatio-temporal evolution and spatial correlation of carbon storage, taking Central Yunnan City agglomeration as an example. The results showed that: (1) from the perspective of land use change, the overall changes in SSP126 and SSP245 scenarios were similar, and the change rates of different types were slightly different. Under the SSP585 scenario, the forest area decreased, and the urban land and cropland land expanded. (2) Under the three scenarios in the future, the decrease in total carbon storage is the most serious under the SSP245 scenario, and the decrease is the most serious under the SSP585 scenario. (3) Comparative spatial correlation: the carbon storage in the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration is generally correlated among counties, and there is no significant difference under the future scenarios, showing a high accumulation pattern in the east and low accumulation pattern in the middle. In general, reasonable planning of land spatial patterns and increasing the proportion of forest is conducive to the proportion of regional carbon sequestration capacity. The research methods can provide references for addressing climate change and territorial spatial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With sustained economic development, China's ecological environment is becoming increasingly fragile and the problem of haze pollution is becoming increasingly prominent, which has affected the normal life of human beings and the stable development of society. In this paper, 287 cities' panel data from 1998 to 2016 are used, PM2.5 is used to represent haze pollution, and the spatial Durbin model is used to explore the role of the economy and population agglomeration on smog pollution. The empirical results show that (1) haze pollution has obvious spatial spillover. From the perspective of China as a whole, the relationship between the economy and smog pollution is an inverted U shape. (2) China is divided into three economic regions, i.e., the east, the middle, and the west. In the east and middle regions, it is found that economic development also shows an inverted U-shaped relationship with haze pollution. (3) Regardless of the country or the three major economic regions, population agglomeration is the primary factor that aggravates haze pollution; the progress of technology and the optimization of the industrial structure can improve haze pollution. (4) Through further analysis of the indirect effects of haze in China, it is found that there is a significant spatial spillover effect. According to the results of this research, policy suggestions are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on urban agglomerations from the perspective of network spatial structure is important to promote their sustainable development. Based on online and traditional data, this paper first improves three aspects of the traditional spatial gravity model—city quality, the gravitation coefficient, and city distance—considering urban center functional intensity and population mobility tendencies. The resulting improved directional gravity model is applied to analyze the structure of the city network for two urban agglomerations in China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA) and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA). The results of the study are as follows: (1) the existing urban connections have obvious hierarchies and imbalances, with the YRDUA urban hierarchical connections being of larger scale. (2) Cities are closely connected, but city networks are unbalanced, though the YRDUA has more balanced urban development. (3) Each node city has a clear radiation range limit, and spatial distance remains an important constraint on urban connections. The backbone network of the BTHUA has a triangular shape and trends toward a "sparse north and dense south," while the YRDUA is characterized by multiple axes and an overall distribution that trends toward a "dense north and sparse south." (4) Cities with poor comprehensive strength are more likely to be captured, forming an attract and be attracted relationship. (5) The BTHUA and the YRDUA each form three communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of operational stickiness on product quality. Particularly, it analyzes the moderating effect of product diversification on the relationship between operational stickiness and product quality of exporting firms from China. Design/methodology/approach: Using a sample of 3,567 exporting firms between 2002 and 2012 in China, this paper develops a fixed effect model to demonstrate the nonlinear relationship between operational stickiness and product quality. Findings: Results show that operational stickiness has an inverted U-shaped impact on product quality, while inventory stickiness, property, plant and equipment (PPE) stickiness and labor stickiness are used to measure operational stickiness. Furthermore, the impact of operational stickiness on product quality is found to be moderated by product diversification. Practical implications: Managers can achieve an optimal level of product quality by adjusting the level of operational stickiness. Firms with excessive operational stickiness should appropriately reduce the degree of stickiness to improve product quality. Besides, managers who focus on product quality should be cautious in adopting the product diversification strategy and be wary of the loss of product quality this strategy may cause. Originality/value: This paper is the first study that has empirically validated the inverted U-shaped relationship between operational stickiness and product quality, and confirmed the moderating effect of product diversification on the relationship between operational stickiness and product quality. It provides a new idea to improve product quality by operational management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has conducted a long-term low-carbon technology innovation (LCTI), but there was a faster increase of CO2 emission in 2017 and 2018 than in 2016, which has lead scholars to doubt the effect of LCTI on CO2 emission. This paper builds a spatial auto regression (SAR) model with provincial panel data from 2011 to 2017 to calculate the spatial spillover effect of China's LCTI on regional CO2 emission. The results show that regional LCTI can reduce the local CO2 emission, but will increase the CO2 emission of adjacent regions due to spatial spillover effect. This produces the uncertainty of the promotion effect of LCTI on China's low-carbon transformation. Therefore, this paper suggests innovation resources should be appropriately and evenly distributed among regions to avoid their agglomeration in few regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses China's provincial border counties as samples to explore the role played by administrative boundaries in uneven regional economic development. The results indicate that the gap between provincial border counties and other regions is increasing and that economic diffusion to provincial border counties from developed regions is extremely weak. Moreover, provincial border counties have become economically backward. A regression analysis model that includes certain novel factors that are likely to influence economic growth confirms the significant effects of government intervention and administrative boundaries on economic growth in provincial border counties. This paper concludes that administrative boundaries' effects should be nullified by limiting preferential development policies and implementing policies that instead help provincial border counties engage in sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Economies is the property of Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Financial agglomeration and green economic growth have become a trend in global financial and economic development. This paper analyzes the impact mechanism of financial agglomeration on green economic growth from two angles: growth promotion and energy conservation/emission reduction. Based on the Slacks Based Model-Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) of undesired outputs, the green economic growth efficiency of 30 regions in China from 2008 to 2017 was measured. The study uses a spatial measurement model and finds that financial agglomeration has a significant positive effect on green economic growth. The specific manifestation is that with a 1% increase in the level of financial agglomeration, the productivity of green total factor increases by about 0.1837% and 0.0964% green economic growth in neighboring areas. Further analysis shows that this improvement in green total factor productivity is mainly achieved through technological advancement that promotes coordinated economic growth, energy saving and emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

'Urban polycentricity' has become both a conceptual framework capturing emerging empirical realities and a spatial planning vision adopted in cities across Europe, USA, and, recently, also China. Despite the blossoming academic literature on polycentricity, only limited attempts have been made to explore whether and how polycentric urban development at different spatial scales affects the urban economy. In this paper, we empirically analyse whether and how urban polycentricity at different spatial scales in China is associated with urban economic performance. To this end, we extend the Cobb–Douglas production function and include measures of both inter-urban and intra-urban polycentricity to explain differences in labour productivity. The analysis links intra-urban monocentricity and inter-urban polycentricity with higher levels of labour productivity. In addition, the analysis points to an agglomeration spillover effect, as well as a potential weak positive interaction effect between intra- and inter-urban polycentricity. The paper concludes with policy implications for China's spatial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies have primarily focused on the resources and technologies related to renewable energy. However, it is essential to investigate the influence of economic, social, and governmental actions on the spatiotemporal changes in renewable energy. This paper utilizes spatial autocorrelation analysis, fixed effects modeling, and Geographical and Time Weighted Regression (GTWR) to analyze the phased characteristics and spatial differences of renewable energy electricity, based on time series and spatial layout data of renewable energy power by province and power source type in China. Additionally, it incorporates relevant economic, demographic, and investment data to identify the driving factors behind the spatiotemporal transformations of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, as well as the main forces promoting sustainable growth. The study reveals the presence of spatial agglomeration in China's renewable energy power generation. Moreover, a positive correlation is observed between investments in environmental protection (EPI), state-owned electric power (SPI), scientific and technological advancements (STI), and renewable energy electricity. Technological progress has reduced the dependence of renewable energy on the natural environment, facilitating its promotion and widespread adoption. These findings provide empirical support and policy guidance for the sustainable and rapid growth of China's renewable energy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The act of balancing simultaneous rapid development of urbanization and ecological environmental protection is an increasingly important strategic agenda of national importance. While focusing on the principle of sustainable development, this paper calculates and analyzes the extent of coupling coordination degree (CCD) between the new urbanization quality (NUQ) and eco-environmental carrying capacity (EECC) of 246 prefecture level and above cities in China. The gravity center moving trajectory, Moran's I and LISA are employed to perform exploratory spatial analysis, and the differences among cities are analyzed by variation coefficient (CV) method. Based on simulation by the NUQ and CCD, results obtained show a continuous growth trend at similar rate among the cities. Meanwhile, the mean value of EECC showed a fluctuating growth trend. The coordinated development type cities were largely concentrated in the coastal areas of the east. In comparison, other areas are dominated by disorders recession type cities and the coordination transition type cities. The center of gravity CCD was found moving from the northeast to the southwest. The situation of HH (CDD main city—high, CDD surrounding cities—high) and LL (CDD main city—low, CDD surrounding cities—low) always accounted for more than seventy percent. The cluster locations of HH and LH (CDD main city—low, CDD surrounding cities—high) are largely concentrated around mega-urban agglomerations comprising the following three major urban agglomerations, i.e., (i) the Yangtze River Delta; (ii) the Pearl River Delta; and (iii) the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. CV of CCD shows that the gap among cities is gradually narrowing. In summary, the results conclude that most of the evaluated cities have not achieved coordinated development. As such, enhancing ecological environment protection awareness, improving the utilization effectiveness of natural resources and gradual elimination of regional differences should be the way forward in facilitating the process of new urban construction. The significance of this research not only helps increase the focus on ecological environmental governance, but also enrich the theoretical system of urbanization, both of which have important theoretical significance and application values in the building of an ecological civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]