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Vse države po svetu so vedno bolj izpostavljene globalni konkurenci. Glavni način za pridobivanje konkurenčne prednosti je tudi elektronsko poslovanje. Hiter tehnološki napredek in sprejemanje moderne ter neprestano napredujoče informacijsko-telekomunikacijske infrastrukture predstavljajo izjemne možnosti za elektronsko poslovanje. Elektronsko poslovanje je produkt nove ekonomije, saj ga odlikujeta izrazita prodornost in razpršenost. Zato elektronsko poslovanje zavzema vse pomembnejše mesto v globalnih ekonomskih premikih. Namen naloge je najprej teoretično opredeliti pojem elektronskega poslovanja, pogledati njegovo zgodovino ter analizirati elektronsko poslovanje v Sloveniji in Črni gori. Tako za slovensko gospodarstvo kot tudi za gospodarstvo v Črni gori je pomembno čim hitrejše uvajanje novih načinov poslovanja. Na podlagi rezultatov analiz je vidno spreminjanje iz leta v leto. V obeh državah se veča tako delež ljudi, ki uporablja internet, kot tudi delež podjetij, ki spletno poslujejo. Delež podjetij s spletno prodajo v Sloveniji je bil leta 2014 17 %. Delež podjetij, ki so oglaševala preko interneta, pa je bil v letu 2015 že 23 %. Spletna trgovina je v Črni gori razvrščena kot prodajalna na drobno in je v isti kategoriji kot trgovina na drobno po pošti. Preko spleta je preteklo leto v Črni gori nakup opravilo 26 % ljudi, medtem ko v Slovenji že več kot 50 %. V obeh državah je potrebno razviti okolja, v katerih se bo lahko hitro sprejemal razvoj tehnologije ter se posledično vpletati v svetovno gospodarstvo. S tem se ohranja konkurenčnost teh organizacij. E-poslovanje v podjetjih vnaša najbolj izrazite spremembe na področju prodaje in trženja. Vse več podjetij, tako v Sloveniji kot v Črni gori, se zaveda pomembnosti e-poslovanja pri ohranjanju konkurenčnosti na globalnih trgih. More and more countries in the world are exposed to global competition. The main way of gaining a competitive advantage is also electronic commerce. Rapid technological progress and accepting modern and constantly advancing information and telecommunication infrastructure, presents great possibilities for electronic commerce. Electronic commerce is a product of a new economy, which is distinguished by pervasiveness and dispersion. That is why electronic commerce is occupying an increasingly important place in global economic movements. The purpose of this thesis is to theoretically define the concept of electronic commerce, look at its history and to analyse electronic commerce in Slovenia and Montenegro. It is important for the Slovenian economy, as well as for the economy in Montenegro, to accelerate the introduction of new business methods. Based on the analysis results, the changes from year to year are visible. In both countries, the proportion of people using the Internet and the share of online businesses is growing. The percentage of companies with online sales in Slovenia was 17% in 2014. The share of companies that advertised on the Internet was already 23% in 2015. In Montenegro, the online store is classified as a retail store and is in the same category as retail by post. Last year, 26% of people in Montenegro were purchasing online over the internet, while the percentage in Slovenia is more than 50%. In both countries, it is necessary to develop environments in which the development of technology can rapidly be accepted and, consequently, be integrated into the global economy. This ensures the competitiveness of these organizations. E-business in companies introduces the most pronounced changes in sales and marketing. More and more companies, both in Slovenia and Montenegro, are aware of the importance of e-commerce in preserving competitiveness in global markets.

Z razvojem interneta in računalniških omrežij se je širilo tudi elektronsko poslovanje. Najprej se je pojavilo v večjih podjetjih, kaj kmalu pa se je začelo uporabljati tudi po šolah, kar je prineslo nove možnosti v samem procesu izobraževanja. S posodabljanjem pouka se je pojavilo tudi več rešitev, ki udeležencem v šolskem procesu omogočajo lažje sodelovanje tudi izven šole. Diplomski projekt opredeljuje elektronsko poslovanje, njegove začetke, vrste, ter prednosti in slabosti. V nadaljevanju smo podrobneje opisali elektronsko izobraževanje, katere prednosti, slabosti in izzive prinaša, ter primerjali kako poteka v ostalih evropskih državah. Opisali smo še posamezne rešitve, ki so se razvile z namenom olajšanja dela, ter raziskali kako dobro osnovnošolci ter srednješolci poznajo in sprejemajo te rešitve. With the development of the internet and the World Wide Web, electronic commerce itself expanded as well. At first it only appeared in larger companies but shortly afterwards, it started making its ways into schools. This opened up ways for new options and opportunities in the educational process. More solutions also emmerged with the upgrade of the educational system as it allowed the students and their parents to participate even outside the school. This diplomatic work defines the electronic commerce, its begginings, its types and its advantages and disadvantages. In the following, we described the electronic commerce in details, the advantages and disadvantages it brings and compared it with its progression in other European countries. We also described every single solution that had been developed with the goal of taking care of school business as easy as possible. At the same time, we researched how well the students know these solutions and how accepting they are of them.

Elektronsko poslovanje je del našega vsakdanjega življenja in je skoraj že izpodrinilo klasično poslovanje. Vse večja uporaba elektronskega poslovanja prinaša vedno več groženj in nevarnosti. Sem spadajo nezaželena e-pošta, ribarjenje, računalniški virusi, računalniški črvi, zlonamerne programske opreme in ostale nevarnosti. Uporabniki morajo biti seznanjeni z nevarnostjo in se pred njimi zaščititi z ustreznimi varnostnimi mehanizmi, kot so šifriranje podatkov, elektronski podpis, digitalno potrdilo, požarni zid in protivirusni programi. V diplomskem projektu smo opredelili elektronsko poslovanje, predstavili njegovo zgodovino ter vrste in oblike ter prednosti in slabosti le-tega. V nadaljevanju diplomskega projekta smo podrobneje predstavili nevarnosti elektronskega poslovanja in varnostne mehanizme. Opisali smo varnostno politiko, ki je pomembna za zagotavljanje varnosti. Namen diplomskega projekta je bilo raziskati, kako varna je uporaba elektronskega poslovanja za študente Univerze v Mariboru. Electronic commerce is a part of our everyday lives and it has already replaced classic commerce. The growing use of e-commerce brings more and more threats and dangers such as unsolicited e-mail, phishing, computer viruses, computer worms, malware and others. Users must be aware of the danger and protect their software and hardware using appropriate security mechanisms such as data encryption, electronic signature, digital certificate, firewall and anti-virus programmes. In the diploma project we have identified e-commerce, presented its history, types and forms as well as the pros and cons of its usage. Dangers of electronic commerce and security mechanisms have been presented in detail. We have described the security policy which is important for ensuring safety. The aim of the diploma project has also been to explore how secure the use of electronic commerce for students of the University of Maribor is.

V magistrski nalogi je obravnavano področje elektronskega poslovanja v gasilskih organizacijah s poudarkom na enotnem modelu informacijskega sistema za računovodstva. Namreč gasilske organizacije po Sloveniji uporabljajo različne informacijske sisteme za področje računovodstva. Menimo, da bi bilo krovni gasilski organizaciji lažje in enostavnejše sodelovati s svojimi članicami, če bi poenotili elektronsko poslovanje in uporabljali enoten informacijski model za računovodstva za vsa prostovoljna gasilska društva in gasilske zveze. V magistrski nalogi je prvi del namenjen teoretičnemu proučevanju elektronskega poslovanja v gasilskih organizacijah, kakšni so njegovi elektronski vplivi ter kako se je elektronsko poslovanje v gasilskih organizacijah razvijalo v tujini. Problem, s katerim smo se pri proučevanju tematike srečali, je bil pomanjkanje raziskav s področja elektronskega poslovanja v gasilskih organizacijah v tujini. Prav tako nismo zasledili, da bi katera država že imela razvit enoten model informacijskega sistema za računovodstva gasilskih organizacij. Vsekakor je bil to izziv pri raziskovanju, katerega smo se z zanimanjem lotili. V raziskovalnem delu naloge smo izvedli anketo med vsemi gasilskimi organizacijami v Sloveniji, ki uporabljajo elektronsko pošto. Za tiste, ki je ne uporabljajo, smo sklepali, da ne poslujejo elektronsko, zato smo jih iz raziskave izločili. Pred izvedbo ankete smo predpostavljali, da bodo večje gasilske organizacije pokazale večji interes za uvedbo enotnega modela informacijskega sistema za področje računovodstva. Prav tako smo menili, da bodo gasilske organizacije, ki vodijo dvostavno knjigovodstvo, bolj podprle idejo o uvedbi enotnega modela informacijskega sistema za računovodstva. Žal smo obe hipotezi zavrnili, kar pomeni, da velikost gasilske organizacije in način vodenja računovodstva bistveno ne vplivata na željo po uvedbi enotnega modela informacijskega sistema za računovodstva. Prav tako smo pred izvedbo raziskave predpostavljali, da bodo k uvedbi enotnega modela informacijskega sistema za računovodstva bolj nagnjene tiste gasilske organizacije, ki že samostojno uporabljajo elektronsko bančništvo in e-davke kot pa tiste, ki jim te storitve opravljajo računovodski servisi. Prav tako kot prvi dve smo tudi to hipotezo zavrnili, saj raziskava ni pokazala neposredne povezanosti med navedenima spremenljivkama. Pri razvoju enotnega modela informacijskega sistema za računovodstva gasilskih organizacij moramo upoštevati tudi dejstvo, da kar 60 % vseh vprašanih vodi enostavno računovodstvo. Zanimiv je tudi podatek o lastništvu nad računovodskim programom posameznih gasilskih organizacij. Le 13 % ji ima lasten računovodski program, preostali pa ga najemajo pri drugi pravni osebi, ga imajo v solasti ali pa ga sploh nimajo. Torej, če bi Gasilska zveza Slovenije razvila enoten model informacijskega sistema za računovodstva gasilskih organizacij v Sloveniji, bi to bilo v pomoč večini njenih članic. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov ankete lahko sklepamo, da med gasilskimi članicami krovne gasilske organizacije obstaja interes po uvedbi enotnega modela informacijskega sistema za računovodstva. Prednost uvedbe le-tega bi bil tako s strokovnega kot s stroškovnega vidika. Vsekakor predlagamo, da Gasilska zveza Slovenije v prihodnosti resno razmisli o razvoju tovrstnega informacijskega sistema, saj bi s tem olajšala delo kar nekaj svojim članicam. Seveda bi odločitev o uporabi enotnega modela informacijskega sistema za računovodstva za gasilske organizacije v Sloveniji bila svobodna in prepuščena vsaki pravni osebi. The master’s thesis discusses the field of electronic services in fire-fighting organisations, with an emphasis on a unified information system model for accounting. Fire-fighting organisations across Slovenia use different information systems for accounting. We believe that the umbrella fire-fighting organisation would find it easier and simpler to cooperate with its members if the electronic services were unified and a unified information system for accounting were used by all volunteer firemen societies and fire-fighting associations. The first part of the master’s thesis is dedicated to a theoretical study of electronic services in fire-fighting organisations, its electronic effects, and how electronic services developed in fire-fighting organisations abroad. A problem that we faced in studying this subjects was the lack of research in the field of electronic services in fire-fighting organisations abroad. Furthermore, we found no indications that any country already has a developed unified information system model for accounting in fire-fighting organisations. In the research part of the thesis, we conducted a questionnaire in all fire-fighting organisations in Slovenia that use e-mail. For those that do not use e-mail we concluded that they do not use electronic services and were therefore excluded from our research. Before conducting the questionnaire, we formed a hypothesis that larger fire-fighting organisations would show greater interest in implementing a unified information system model for accounting. We also formed a hypothesis that fire-fighting organisations using a double entry method of accounting would be more supportive of the idea for the implementation of a unified information system model for accounting. Unfortunately, both hypotheses were rejected, meaning that the size of a fire-fighting organisation and the method of accounting have no significant effect on the desire to implement a unified information system model for accounting. Furthermore, even before conducting the research, we formed a hypothesis that fire-fighting organisations that already independently use e-banking and e-tax services would be more likely to support the implementation of a unified information system model for accounting than those that have accounting companies performing said services for them. Like the first two hypotheses, this one was rejected as well, as the research failed to show any direct correlation between the listed variables. When developing a unified information system model for accounting in fire-fighting organisations, we must also consider the fact that as many as 60% of all participating organisations conducts accounting using the single entry method. Information on the ownership of the accounting programme of individual fire-fighting organisations is also of interest. Only 13% of said organisation own their accounting programme, whereas other lease the programme from another legal person, co-own said programme, or don’t even have it. Therefore, if the Fire Fighting Association of Slovenia were to develop a unified information system model for accounting in fire-fighting organisation in Slovenia, this would benefit most of its members. Based on the acquired questionnaire results, we conclude that there is an interest among members of the umbrella fire-fighting organisation for the implementation of a unified information system model for accounting. The advantage of such an implementation would be in terms of technical and cost perspective. In any case, we recommend that the Fire Fighting Association of Slovenia in the future seriously considers about the development of such an information system, as such a system would make the job of quite a few of its members easier. Of course, the decisions on the use of a unified information system model for accounting in fire-fighting organisations in Slovenia would be made freely and independently by each legal person.

V današnjem času je podjetju brez informacijske tehnologije zelo težko funkcionirati. Zaradi tega so v diplomskem projektu predstavljena naslednja področja: osnovne značilnosti logistike, osnovne značilnosti informacijskih tehnologij in elektronskega poslovanja, uporaba elektronskega poslovanja v logistiki. Logistika in elektronsko poslovanje sta zelo pomembna, saj spreminjata in bosta spreminjala odnose med poslovnimi partnerji, učinkovitost dela, zadovoljevanje stranke idr. Informacijska tehnologija je za logistiko zelo pomembna, še pomembnejša pa sta sodelovanje med partnerji v logističnem omrežju in celovit pristop. Ponudnikov raznih rešitev za informatizacijo poslovanja je pri nas dovolj, vendar se v podjetjih premalo zavedajo pomena in prednosti, ki jim jih elektronsko poslovanje prinaša tudi v logistiki. E-poslovanje omogoča tesnejše sodelovanje deležnikov v oskrbovalni verigi. Spremeni se vloga kupca, ki postane osrednji element oskrbovalne verige le-ta mora s svojo fleksibilnostjo omogočati prilagajanje vsakemu kupcu in situaciji posebej. Z osredotočanjem na potrebe in pričakovanja kupcev omogoča kakovostnejšo, hitrejšo in specifičnemu kupcu prilagojeno uporabniško izkušnjo ob nakupu ter uporabi izdelka in/ali storitve. Nowadays it is very difficult for company to function without information technology. In this thesis are present the following areas, basic logistics characteristics, the basic characteristics of information technology and electronic commerce, the use of e-commerce logistics. Logistics and e-commerce are very important to change and will change the relationship between business partners, work efficiency, customer satisfaction, etc. Information Technology for Logistics is very important, even more important are the cooperation between the partners in the logistics network and a comprehensive approach. Providers of various solutions for the computerization of business in our country is enough, but enterprises are insufficiently aware of the importance and advantages offered to them by e-commerce also brings in logistics. E-commerce provides for closer cooperation of stakeholders in the supply chain. Change the role of buyer who becomes a central element of the supply chain, which should be with its flexibility to enable adaptation to each customer and the specific situation. By focusing on the needs and expectations of our customers, enabling higher quality, faster and more customer specific customized user experience when purchasing and using a product and / or services.

Elektronsko poslovanje, ki je skozi tekom svojega razvoja postalo del našega vsakdanjega življenja je v veliki meri že izpodrinilo klasično poslovanje. Vzporedno z večanjem uporabe elektronskega poslovanja se veča število groženj in nevarnosti, kot so: nezaželena e-pošta, ribarjenje, zlorabe in kraje podatkov, napadi in poskusi vdorov ter zlonamerna programska oprema. Prav zaradi tega je pomembno, da so uporabniki seznanjeni s temi nevarnostmi, saj se le tako vedo tudi ustrezno zaščiti pred njimi z uporabo varnostnih mehanizmov, kot so: požarni zid, protivirusni programi, šifriranje, elektronski podpis, digitalno potrdilo. V diplomskem projektu smo opredelili in na kratko predstavili področje elektronskega poslovanja. Podrobneje smo obravnavali grožnje in nevarnosti, katere pretijo uporabnikom. Predstavili smo varnostne mehanizme, kateri slednjim nudijo in zagotavljajo varnost ter zaščito. Dotaknili smo se varnostne politike, katera je ključna pri zagotavljanju varnosti. Na koncu smo predstavili praktične primere vdorov pri katerih je prišlo do kraje podatkov. In the course of its development, electronic business has become a part of our everyday life, and has to a great extent already been displacing conventional business. In parallel with the increasing use of electronic business, the number of threats and dangers, such as spam, phishing, abuse and data theft, attacks and intrusion attempts, as well as malicious software, is increasing as well. That is why it is important that the users are aware of these dangers, since the only way they can adequately protect themselves from them is by using security mechanisms, such as firewall, antivirus software, encryption, electronic signature and digital certificate. In the diploma project, we have identified and briefly introduced the field of electronic business. More specifically, we addressed the threats and dangers which are lurking around. We presented security mechanisms, which provide and ensure safety and security to the users. We addressed security policy, which is crucial in ensuring security. Finally, we presented some practical examples of breaking into which resulted in the theft of data.

Danes je uspešnost organizacij in podjetij v veliki meri odvisna tudi od učinkovitosti elektronskega poslovanja. Ta prinaša nove poslovne priložnosti, omogoča optimizacijo poslovnih procesov in s tem znižuje stroške. Hiter razvoj informacijske tehnologije spreminja modele in organiziranost podjetij. To velja ob predpostavki, da imajo podjetja ustrezno informacijsko tehnologijo in sledijo razvoju. Elektronsko računovodstvo se je trenutno razvilo do faze, da so vnosi enkratni, podatki stalno osveženi, možnosti napak pa minimalizirane. Hitrost informacij je večja, hkrati pa smo lahko krajevno in časovno neodvisni. Nadaljnji razvoj teži k temu, da se izloči potreba po fizični prisotnosti papirja, dokumentacija pa bi bila elektronska pripeta elektronskim dokumentom ter tako venomer na vpogled. S tem bi se zagotovila večja varnost, sledljivost in preglednost poslovanja. Programi za računovodstvo, ki jih ponujajo na našem trgu se med seboj ne razlikujejo bistveno. Vsi ponujajo osnovne funkcije računovodstva, delujejo na več možnih načinov in si prizadevajo razvoj razširiti na brezpapirno poslovanje. Omenjeni programi v nalogi so namenjeni predvsem mikro in manjšim podjetjem ter računovodskim servisom. The success of organisations and companies today is quite dependant on effectiveness of electronic business management. Such management brings new business oportunities, enables optimal business process and by doing so also reduces the cost. Fast developement of information technology changes the models and organisational structure of companies. This all applies when companies have adequate information technology and are following the development. Electronic accounting has recently evolved to a stage where inputs are one time only, intel is constantly refreshed and the possibility of mistakes minimalised. The speed of informations has increased yet we are independent of time and location. Further development is leaning towards extricating the need for physical presence of the paper and attaching the documentation to electronic documents and therefore keeping it always available. Thus there would be more security, traceability and transparency of business management Accounting software offered in our market do not diverse a lot. They all offer basic functions of accounting, they are applicable in multiple manners and they are leaning towards paperless business management. Software mentioned further along is mainly used for micro companies, small companies and accounting services.

Vse več podjetij se odloča za uvedbo drugačnega načina poslovanja, to je e-poslovanje. Za uspešno funkcioniranje le tega, ni potrebna samo tehnološka in programska infrastruktura, temveč tudi ustrezno znanje in varovanje. Ker je dokaj mlado področje, še odjemalci nimajo velikega zaupanja in ravno zaradi tega jim je treba ponuditi ustrezno varnost in zasebnost. V delu diplomskega seminarja smo obravnavali e-poslovanje ter njegovo varovanje. E-poslovanje smo opredelili, določili njegove cilje ter vrste. Nadaljevali smo z raziskavo možnih napadov oziroma škodljivih programov. Opredelili smo, kakšne so njihove lastnosti in vrste. V Sloveniji imamo tudi ustrezno zakonodajo in določene standarde s pomočjo, katerih bi se naj ustrezno sankcioniralo in varovalo. Podani so tudi možni proti ukrepi. Na koncu sledijo bolj odmevajoči primeri iz literature. Skozi diplomski seminar smo prišli do spoznanja, da je varovanje podatkov zahteven in resen problem, saj se zaradi hitro razvijajočih nevarnosti, težko sledi napredku. Na udaru so bolj podjetja, saj lahko od njih pridobijo večje število podatkov, kot pa od posameznikov. Popolnoma varni pred vdori ne bomo nikdar, zato je potrebna pazljivost pri rokovanju s podatki. Ni pametno, da vsem, ki želijo naše podatke, ustrežemo. Pomaga tudi redno posodabljanje, vendar to ščiti samo pred poznanimi nevarnostmi. More and more companies choose other ways of doing business and that is e- business. For the successful use of it, proper knowledge and protection are necessary and not only technology and software infrastructure. As a fairly young field, the clients have little confidence, and precisely because of this they must be given adequate security and privacy. In this work, we discussed e- business and its security. We have identified e- business and point out its objectives and types. We continued to investigate the potential attacks or malicious programs. We have identified, what are their properties and types. In Slovenia, we also have appropriate legislation and set standards by which it is to be sanctioned and guarded. Given are also possible measures followed with examples from literature at the end. Through the seminar, we have come to the conclusion that the protection of data is a complex and serious problem, because the threats are rapidly increasing and it is difficult to follow this fast progress. More under attack are business companies because of the large number of data compare with individuals at home. We will never be completely save from the attacks, therefore, caution should be taken when handling with data, like giving them to anyone who claims for them. It also helps when systems are regularly up to date, to have protection against the newest threats.

Število uporabnikov interneta in elektronskega poslovanja dnevno naraščata po vsem svetu. Cene dostopa do interneta so nižje, kot nekoč, saj je vedno več ponudnikov širokopasovnih povezav. Elektronsko poslovanje postaja vedno bolj privlačno za podjetja, saj se z naraščanjem uporabe interneta veča število potencialnih potrošnikov. Elektronsko poslovanje prinaša ponudnikom in potrošnikom številne prednosti. Omogoča hitrejše nakupovanje, večjo možnost izbire ter primerjave izdelkov med seboj, možnost pregleda nad ostalimi ponudniki in tako dalje. Za podjetja je prednost predvsem večje število kupcev, lažji vstop na tuj trg, nižji stroški poslovanja ter hitrejše izvajanje poslovnih procesov. Prednost je tudi v tem, da imajo pregled nad konkurenco in lahko sproti spreminjajo in izboljšujejo svoje storitve. Elektronsko poslovanje prinaša tudi nekatere slabosti. Za potrošnike so glavne slabosti v nezaupanju do takšnega načina poslovanja. Predvsem gre tukaj za varnost podatkov. Bojijo se namreč kraje podatkov, zlorabe bančnih kartic… Medtem pa se podjetja srečujejo z drugačnimi pomanjkljivostmi, ki temeljijo na dragi infrastrukturi, pomembni za elektronsko poslovanje, pomanjkanju izobraženega kadra, hitro spreminjajoči se tehnologiji.... Eden izmed pogojev za uspešno uvajanje elektronskega poslovanja v podjetje je inovativna storitev ali izdelek, ki se lahko trži na spletu. Podjetje mora imeti čiste in jasne cilje ter voljo za spremembe v poslovanju. Uspešna uporaba elektronskega poslovanja se meri v rasti prodaje obstoječih storitev ali izdelkov ter v generiranju novih dohodkov, ki nastajajo kot posledica novih inovativnih izdelkov ali storitev. Tehnologija je dejavnik, ki je elektronsko poslovanje postavil tja, kjer se danes nahaja. Podjetje jo lahko kupi in postavi, mora pa jo dobro obvladati. Vsi uspešni primeri uvajanja elektronskega poslovanja so imeli kritično maso strank in partnerjev, ki so novi način poslovanja sprejeli odprtih rok. Number of Internet users and e-commerce is growing daily around the world. Internet access prices are lower than in the past, as there are several providers of broadband. Electronic commerce is becoming increasingly attractive to businesses because of increased use of the Internet is increasing the number of potential consumers. Electronic commerce brings providers and consumers many advantages. Allows for faster shopping, more choice and product comparison among themselves, the possibility of control over other bidders, and so on. For enterprises is the main advantage of a large number of customers, facilitating entry into the foreign market, lower operating costs and faster implementation of business processes. The advantage is also that they have an overview of the competition and can keep changing and improving their services. Electronic commerce also brings some disadvantages. For consumers, the main weakness is in the trust to such a method of doing business. In particular, this involves data security. They fear data theft, misuse of credit cards... Meanwhile, companies are faced with different defects, which are based on expensive infrastructure relevant to electronic commerce, the lack of trained personnel, rapidly changing technology... One of the prerequisites for the successful introduction of electronic commerce in the company is an innovative service or product that can be marketed on the Internet. The company must have a clean and clear objectives, and their willingness to change in the business. Successful use of electronic commerce is measured in sales growth of existing services or products and in generating new revenues generated as a result of new innovative products or services. Technology is a factor which is e-commerce set to where is today. The company can buy and place, but it must be well managed. All successful examples of introducing electronic commerce have had a critical mass of customers and partners who have adopted a new way of doing business with open arms.

Elektronsko poslovanje je uporaba vseh vrst informacijske tehnologije znotraj podjetja in pri povezavah podjetja s partnerji za zagotavljanje učinkovitega in uspešnega poslovanja ter pomembna sestavina nastajajoče informacijske družbe. Je način komunikacije in ponavljajoči se koncept, ki opisuje proces nabave in prodaje izdelkov, storitev in informacij s pomočjo računalniških omrežij, vključno z medmrežjem, njegove prednosti pa so nižji stroški, večja ponudba, trgi, hitrost in manj posrednikov. Eno izmed zahtevnejših in občutljivejših področij je davčno poslovanje. Na tem področju je Davčna uprava Republike Slovenije davčnim zavezancem ponudila spletni portal eDavki, ki omogoča udobno, preprosto in varno izpolnjevanje ter oddajanje davčnih dokumentov doma ali v pisarni.Spletni portal eDavki temelji na najsodobnejših standardih, uporablja ustrezno varnostno infrastrukturo in upošteva davčno zakonodajo. Od 1. januarja 2009 ga uporabljajo vsi pravni subjekti. Davčnim zavezancem in davčni upravi prinaša številne prednosti in slabosti. Prednosti so: velik prihranek časa in stroškov, možnost vlaganja dokumentov 24 ur na dan, 7 dni v tednu, hitrejše in preprostejše izpolnjevanje davčnih dokumentov, manjša možnost napak in hitrejša obdelava davčnih podatkov. Kot slabost naj omenim možnost zlorab, občasno preobremenjenost in nedostopnost sistema. Glede na to, da se spletni portal eDavki vse skozi razvija in dopolnjuje, menim, da bo teh težav v prihodnosti manj. E-commerce is a synonym for all types of informational technologies used by a company and its partners in order to enable efficient and successful operations and as such forms a significant part of a developing society. It is a form of communication and a reocurring concept, which encompasses a process of acquisition and sale of products, service and information with a help of computer networks, including the internet. Its main advantages include lower costs, better offer, market, speed and fewer mediators. Tax operations is one of the most demanding and sensitive fields. In this field the Tax Administration of the Republic of Slovenia has offered its payers the web site eTaxes portal and has thus enabled a comfortable, simple and safe filling and handing in all the tax documents, either from home or from an office. The web site eTaxes portal is based on the most up-to-date standards, which uses the appropriate safety infrastructure and takes into consideration the tax legislature. All the law subjects have used it since the first of January 2009. It brings a lot of advantages but also disadvantages to all the taxpayers and tax administration. The pluses are the following: a big saving of time and expenses, the possibility of handing in the documents round the clock not only per day but also the whole week round, a quicker and simpler filling in the tax documents, a smaller chance of making mistakes and a faster handling of the tax data. The minuses are the following: the possibility of abuse, a temperary overloading and non- entrance the system. However, in my opinion the web site eTaxes portal is accomplishing itself all the time, that is why there will be less and less difficulties in the future.

Elektronsko poslovanje prinaša podjetjem in ostalim udeležencem veliko koristi, kot so zniževanje stroškov, krajši rok dobave, manjše stroške nabave, prodaje ter seveda tudi hitrejšo mobilnost na trgu. Po drugi strani pa je razmah elektronskega poslovanja povzročil tudi, da se je v večji meri začel razvijati računalniški kriminal. V vsakem podjetju je zato pomembno, da si natančno opredelijo svojo varnostno politiko. Da udeležence poučijo, kako ravnati, če opazijo, da je prišlo do kakršne koli zlorabe. V takem primeru je najboljše, da o tem obvestijo strokovnjake, ki imajo s tem največ izkušenj, da se oni pravilno lotijo reševanja tega problema. Kljub vsem varnostnim mehanizmom velja, da se največ vdorov v sisteme zgodi zaradi napak, nepozornosti in nepremišljenosti uporabnikov. Vsak naj bi poskrbel, da bi imeli v podjetju nameščene varnostne mehanizme, najsodobnejše protivirusne programe ter požarne zidove. Bolj kot so podatki zaupni, večjo stopnjo varnosti moramo zagotoviti. Dejstvo je, da tudi vse zlorabe in računalniški kriminal ne bodo preprečili, da bi se elektronsko poslovanje še naprej razvijalo s tako naglico. Zavedati se moramo, da živimo v moderni družbi z visoko informacijsko tehnologijo. Niti zlorabe elektronskega poslovanja ne preprečujejo ljudem, da ga ne bi uporabljali. Electronic commerce brings many benefits for companies as well as other participants. The most obvious advantages are lower costs, shorter delivery times, lower purchasing costs and costs of sales, and, of course, a higher level of mobility in the market. On the other hand, the growth of electronic commerce has also led to more significant development of computer-related crime. Therefore, it is important to define a specific security policy in just about any business in order to make it possible for the participants to learn how to act in the case of any violation. In the case of violation, it is best to notify the high-level experts, so that the problem can be solved using the proper procedure. Despite all the security features, most intrusions into systems are due to the errors, carelessness, and thoughtlessness of users. Everyone should make sure that the security features in companies are properly installed, and antivirus and firewall software up-to-date. Greater confidentiality of information demands greater level of security. The fact is that the violations and computer-related crime will not prevent the electronic commerce from developing so rapidly. We have to realize that we live in the modern society with high information technology. Not even the violations in electronic commerce can stop people from using it.

Pomemben element elektronskega poslovanja je varnost. Ker se število uporabnikov povečuje, je varnost še toliko bolj pomembna. Posledica rasti elektronskega poslovanja predstavljajo vdori in zlorabe. Zaradi varnosti, so pomembni raznovrstni varnostni mehanizmi in zakonodaja. Bolj kot so podatki zaupne narave in vrednosti, večjo varnost bomo morali zagotoviti. Pri tem nam pomaga najsodobnejša tehnologija, ki nam podatke zaupne narave med prenosom in hranjenjem ščiti V tem diplomskem delu sem predstavil problematiko varnostne politike elektronskega poslovanja, s poudarkom na računalniškem kriminalu. Na začetku sem definiral osnovne pojme, ki jih moramo poznati, da lahko razumemo problematiko elektronskega poslovanja. Podrobno sem opisal pojme kot so internet, kaj je računalniški kriminal, kakšne varnostne politike poznamo, kako pravo ureja in sankcionira računalniški kriminal itd... Navedel sem različne statistične podatke (št. računalniškega kriminala v Sloveniji, finančne izgube zaradi rač. kriminal v ZDA, rač. kriminal po sektorjih, itd.), ki se nanašajo na temo in predstavil dejanske primere napadov, ki so se zgodili v svetu. Zadnje poglavje sem namenil temi hekerjev. Definiral sem pojma heker in hekanja, predstavil hekerje skozi zgodovino, navedel razloge zakaj prihaja do vdorov in zaključil z primeri hekerskega vojskovanja. An important element of e-business is security. Because the number of users is increasing, safety is becoming even more important. The increase in use of e-business is resulting in intrusions and abuses. Important factors in ensuring safety are diverse security mechanisms and legislation. The more confidential and valuable the informations, the greater safety we will have to provide. Advanced technology is very helpful, by protecting confidential data during transfer and storage. In this thesis I presented the problem of safety policy in e-business, with emphasis on ciber crime. At the beginning I defined the basic concepts that we need to know, if we want to understand the problems of e-business... I have described in detail concepts such as the Internet, what is ciber crime, what kind of safety policies we know, how the law regulates and penalizes computer crime, etc. ... I have included different statistics, that refere to the topic (no. of ciber crime in Slovenia, financial losses due to ciber crime in the U.S., ciber crime by sectors, etc...) and presented actual examples of attacks that have taken place in the world. The last chapter I devoted to the topic of hackers. I defined the terms hacker and hacking, introduced hackers throughout history, indicated the reasons for intrusions and ended with examples of hacker warfare.