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This article presents a novel high-temperature superconductive (HTS) power flow controller and current limiter (PFCCL), which limits fault currents and manages power flow in the intended transmission line. The proposed device includes series HTS reactors, HTS controlling dc coil, recovery resistive coil, and power electronic switches, which protects the microgrid from the upstream ac grid, short-circuit faults, and it controls the power flow between a microgrid and the upstream grid. Performance of the proposed PFCCL is mathematically analyzed, utilizing MATLAB and Maxwell software, and then validated by laboratory scaled-down experimental setup. It is shown that the simulation results are in fair agreement with the developed experimental laboratory setup results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expansion of high-voltage dc (HVdc) systems to multi-terminal HVdc (MT-HVdc) systems/grids considerably increases the short-circuit levels. In order to protect the emerging MT-HVdc systems/grids against fault currents, proper dc fault current limiters (FCLs) must be developed. This paper proposes an innovative high inductance solid-state dc-reactor-based FCL (HISS-DCRFCL) to be used in HVdc applications. In fact, during the HISS-DCRFCL normal operation, its inductance value is extremely low, and its value becomes considerably high during the fault period, which decreases the fault current amplitude. The proposed HISS-DCRFCL performance is analyzed by MATLAB/Simulink and the simulation results are verified and confirmed by laboratory experimental results using a scaled-down laboratory prototype setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a novel DC reactor‐based ferroresonance and fault current limiter (DRFFCL) for stabilising ferroresonance oscillations of potential transformer (PT) in 33 kV distribution network and decreasing the amplitude of the fault current to an acceptable level. At first, the ferroresonance overvoltage is introduced and various types of overvoltage in the PT are studied. Then, the effects of the suggested DRFFCL on these oscillations are investigated. It is shown that the proposed DRFFCL not only can control the ferroresonance oscillations, but also can decrease the fault current amplitude in the case of short‐circuit faults occurrence. The DRFFCL performance is simulated using MATLAB software and a scaled‐down laboratory prototype is implemented and tested for the simulation results validation. The measured results are in agreement with the simulation results and clearly show the ability of the DRFFCL for controlling both the ferroresonance overvoltage and fault current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel structure for DC reactor type fault current limiter (DRFCL), which can suppress the fault current in distribution networks. The proposed DRFCL is composed of a DC reactor, a bridge rectifier, and anti-paralleled IGBTs power electronic (PE) switch. The DC reactor contains main and supplementary windings. The main winding has a high inductance and acts as a DC reactor. The supplementary winding is used as a control means for fast FCL operation. The fast response allows the cost, weight and volume of the DC reactor to be reduced. The proposed DRFCL reduces the overvoltages on the devices and it has lower number of components, therefore, it can be economic. Analytical solutions, to describe the performance of the proposed DRFCL are presented and the proposed model is simulated via MATLAB software. Finally, a one-phase prototype structure is built and experimental results are studied to show the capability of the proposed DRFCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A brief review is given on fault current limiter placement and its function in power system. • Reviewing of the magnetic structure and magnetic equivalent circuit of inductive fault current limiter. • Analysis of the imposed inductance of inductive fault current limiters during the normal and fault condition. • Extracting main features of inductive fault current limiters based on review and classification of inductive fault current limiters. • Presenting practical comparison among inductive fault current limiters. A fault current limiter (FCL) is an effective means of limiting fault currents that is a promising power system protection solution. This paper presents a comparative survey of research activities and emerging technologies of FCL and discusses in detail the features of an inductive FCL. Inductive FCLs possess superior performance and higher speed of operation in comparison with other FCLs. The magnetic structure of an inductive FCL is instrumental to superior performance. The review study discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of the magnetic flux based FCLs. In addition, the magnetic behavior of FCLs is discussed considering the analytical study of their equivalent circuits. Moreover, a comprehensive comparative study of inductive FCLs is presented based on their technical operational characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current power systems will suffer from increasing pressure as a result of an upsurge in demand and will experience an ever-growing penetration of distributed power generation, which are factors that will contribute to a higher of incidence fault current levels. Fault current limiters (FCLs) are key power electronic devices. They are able to limit the prospective fault current without completely disconnecting in cases in which a fault occurs, for instance, in a power transmission grid. This paper proposes a new type of FCL capable of fault current limiting in two steps. In this way, the FCLs' power electronic switches experience significantly less stress and their overall performance will significantly increase. The proposed device is essentially a controllable H bridge type fault current limiter (HBFCL) that is comprised of two variable inductances, which operate to reduce current of main switch in the first stage of current limiting. In the next step, the main switch can limit the fault current while it becomes open. Simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB and its prototype setup is built and tested. The comparison of experimental and simulation results indicates that the proposed HBFCL is a promising solution to address protection issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protection of sensitive loads against voltage drop is a concern for the power system. A fast fault current limiter and circuit breaker can be a solution for rapid voltage recovery of sensitive loads. This paper proposes a compound type of current limiter and circuit breaker (CLCB) which can limit fault current and fast break to adjust voltage sags at the protected buses. In addition, it can act as a circuit breaker to open the faulty line. The proposed CLCB is based on a series L-C resonance, which contains a resonant transformer and a series capacitor bank. Moreover, the CLCB includes two anti-parallel power electronic switches (a diode and an IGBT) connected in series with bus couplers. In order to perform an analysis of CLCB performance, the proposed structure was simulated using MATLAB. In addition, an experimental prototype was built, tested, and the experimental results were reported. Comparisons show that experimental results were in fair agreement with the simulation results and confirm CLCB's ability to act as a fault current limiter and a circuit breaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]