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Introducción: La granada Punica granatum es originaria del sur de Asia es altamente apreciada por su sabor y por los compuestos fitoquímicos que confieren beneficios a la salud. Objetivo: Determinar el potencial biológico de arilos deshidratados, mermelada y jugo concentrado elaborados con las variedades Wonderful, Apaseo y Tecozautla. Materiales y métodos: Las variables evaluadas fueron: Sólidos solubles totales (SST, °Brix), pH, Contenido de Fenoles Totales [CFT, mg/Equivalentes de Ácido Gálico (GAE)/100g o ml], y Capacidad Antioxidante [CA, mili Molar Equivalentes de Trolox (mMTE)/100g o ml] y Contenido de antocinaninas totales [CAT, Equivalente de Cianidin 3-Glucosido (ECn3G) mg/100ml]. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los arilos deshidratados fueron los que presentaron el mayor contenido de fenoles totales (1386,09 mg/ GAE/100g) y mayor Capacidad antioxidante (220,12 mMTE/100g); sin embargo, el jugo concentrado mostró el mayor contenido de antocianinas totales (34,97 ECn3G mg/100ml). Con respecto a variedades, la variedad Wonderful presentó mayor contenido de fenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante y contenido de antocianinas totales con 1248,86 mg/GAE/100 g, 175,07 mMTE/100 g y 41,91 ECn3G mg/100ml, respectivamente. El jugo concentrado tuvo mayores cantidades de compuestos biofuncionales que el jugo natural. Conclusiones: En los arilos deshidratados y en los jugos concentrados se incrementaron los compuestos biofuncionales con respecto a los arilos y jugo natural. La variedad Wonderful mostró mayor contenido de compuestos biofuncionales y capacidad antioxidante.

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Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) destaca por su alto nivel de pungencia y alto contenido de compuestos antioxidantes. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de mallas de diferentes colores sobre el crecimiento vegetativo, rendimiento y calidad de fruto, para determinar la mejor opción en un sistema de producción alternativo para chile habanero en invernadero. El cultivo se estableció en invernadero de cristal con un sistema hidropónico abierto. Se utilizaron semillas de chile habanero ‘Mayan Ba’alché’. Los tratamientos consistieron en el uso de mallas de colores verde, beige, azul, negro y sin malla (testigo). Se evaluó el peso fresco y seco de la parte aérea, raíz y frutos, área foliar, peso específico, concentración de azúcares solubles totales y compuestos fenólicos en hoja; en frutos se determinó la concentración de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides totales y capacidad antioxidante. Con la malla beige se incrementó en 22 % el peso seco de la parte aérea, en relación al testigo. Asimismo, el testigo presentó 37 % más peso seco de raíz y 25 % más peso específico de hoja que los tratamientos con malla de color. El área foliar fue superior a la del testigo con todas las mallas. Con la malla beige se obtuvo 15 % más de fruto, 16 % más de peso fresco y 40 % más de flavonoides; por lo que, podría ser una alternativa de producción de chile habanero en invernadero. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v19i1.1662

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Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los extractos de plantas son una rica fuente de compuestos naturales con propiedades antioxidantes, con potencial aplicación en la prevención o tratamiento de enfermedades crónico degenerativas de importancia en nuestro país. Los cladodios de Opuntia ficus-indica son una fuente de mucílago, un complejo de fitoquímicos y otros nutrientes, el cual podría representar un nutracéutico natural con una importante capacidad antioxidante. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la técnica de extracción de licuado-centrifugado de Opuntia ficus-indica, con diferentes solventes, calculando el porcentaje de rendimiento de extracción, contenido total de fenoles y capacidad antioxidante como equivalentes de Trolox de diferentes variedades de O. ficus-indica. La técnica de extracción permitió obtener mucílagos con porcentajes de rendimiento mayores a 10 %. La variedad Jalpa presentó la mejor capacidad antioxidante con 0.616 µmoles ET/ g peso seco y un mayor contenido de fenoles con 10.35 ± 0.95 mg EAG/g peso seco. El mucílago obtenido tiene propiedades que lo recomiendan como un material natural que puede utilizarse como potencial antioxidante. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v18i2.1395

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Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En Ecuador, el cultivo de maracuyá es importante pues ha permitido el desarrollo agroindustrial para procesar y dar valor agregado lo que ha convertido a nuestro país en uno de los mayores productores de fruta y exportador de concentrado de maracuyá en el mundo. Por ello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo el estudio de producción de la fruta de maracuyá amarilla y purpura (Passiflora edulis Sims (maracuyá púrpura); P. edulis f. flavicarpa Deg. (Maracuyá amarillo) de acuerdo con sus características morfológicas y las diferentes densidades de siembra, así como también el análisis de fenoles presentes en su corteza y pulpa. Se aplicó un análisis factorial de varianza (ANOVA) entre grupos, tras respetar las hipótesis del modelo lineal no aditivo utilizado Los resultados en este estudio muestran que la combinación de variedades de maracuyá y distancias de plantación no mostraron un efecto de interacción significativo, en la variedad amarilla mostro el valor más alto para las características morfológicas de los cultivos. Sin embargo, la variedad morada presento los mejores resultados en relación con los compuestos bioactivos (fenoles), los que presentaron los mejores resultados.

Los sistemas de producción de Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) establecidos en diversos pisos altitudinales locales, por sus altos contenidos de ácidos grasos como omega 3, 6 y 9 en aceite de semillas, superior a oleaginosas como el maní, girasol, palma, son una fuente innovadora de contenidos fenólicos solubles (CFS) y actividad antioxidante (AO) en órganos y derivados. La determinación del efecto de pisos altitudinales con relación al CFS y AO de diferentes órganos y aceite de semilla fomentan la orientación productiva. Los resultados indicaron que los pisos altitudes a 531 y 521 msnm mostraron mejores respuestas de adaptabilidad local, mediante el contenido significativo CFS donde destacan órganos como el PH, CS; así como, S, R, FM y superiores en H, FF; así como AS. La AO demostró valores más altos y significativos en flores femeninas, que no difirió de pisos altitudinales, aunque sí en hojas con mayor actividad a 531 msnm. El aceite mostró a 28 msnm mayor actividad sin diferir de los demás pisos altitudinales. El potencial adaptativo de la especie indica que los pisos altitudinales superiores permiten una expresión de biomoléculas esenciales para la interacción con el medio ambiente.

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This study was conducted to determine how the intensity of the cluster drop effects nut traits, bioactive compounds, and fatty acid composition in Tombul, Palaz and Kalınkara hazelnut cultivars. The cluster drop significantly affected bioactive compounds and fatty acid composition while it did not affect the traits of the nuts. As cluster drop intensity increased, nut traits and bioactive compounds in all cultivars increased. Strong cluster drop intensity determined the highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Except for the Kalınkara cultivar, a low amount of linoleic acid was detected while high amounts of oleic and stearic acid were determined in slight cluster drop intensity. As cluster drop intensity increased, palmitic acid increased. Principal component analysis showed that the slight and intermediate drop intensity were generally associated with kernel length, oleic, linoleic, stearic, palmitoleic, 11-eicosenoic and arachidic acids. In contrast, strong intensity was associated with nut and kernel weight, kernel ratio, kernel width, kernel thickness, kernel size, bioactive compounds, and palmitic acid. As a result, the bioactive compounds and fatty acid composition, which are important for human health, was significantly affected by cluster drop intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), commonly known as bitter orange, has multiple therapeutic potentials. An experimental qualitative study was carried out with the objective of knowing the characteristics of the consumption of C. aurantium (CA) in the Tabasco population. To validate its use, an ethanolic extract (85 %) was prepared from the dry CA leaves and phytochemical screening was performed, with subsequent quantification of the content of total phenols and flavonoids. Subsequently, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay and acute toxicity with Artemia salina. The most used parts of the plant are the leaves to relieve muscle pain, cold symptoms. In the phytochemical study it was found that the extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones and tannins. In the thin layer chromatography of the hydroalcoholic extract, the presence of naringin was demonstrated. A total phenol content of 69.42 ± 3.47 EAG/g DM and total flavonoids of 14.78 ± 0.28 EQ/g DM were obtained. It contains antioxidant activity of 9240 ± nmol TEAC/gMS and the acute toxicity test showed moderate toxicity. The results show that the 85% ethanolic extract contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids, allowing to sustain the medicinal and pharmacological properties conferred to the plant in the state of Tabasco. Conclusions: this study showed the existence of phenols and flavonoids, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from C. aurantium leaves and their moderate toxicity against Artemia salina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, eco-friendly and innocuous techniques to reduce postharvest strawberry fruit decay are being developed. Vitis plants had polyphenols presenting fungistatic activity. Strawberry fruits were dipped for 3 min in Vitis leaves solution (7.2% w/v) of 3 accessions: resveratrol and gallic acid, 0.450 g L-1 each, and distilled water. Then, fruits were inoculated with 1 x 106 Botrytis cinerea conidia and stored (19 °C/70% RH). Five days after inoculation (DAI), 75% of control fruits presented rotted peel with velvety gray mold; the other treatments showed between 14 and 30% of infection. With eight DAI, berries treated with Vitis extracts and gallic acid lost 2 N of firmness, while resveratrol treated berries lost less than 1 N. In contrast, control fruit lost 2.5 N in only five DAI. Extracts of Mexican wild grapevine leaves have the potential for reducing the infection and symptoms of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to characterize and implement a reliable, viable and effective physicochemical methodology for the quality of Apis mellifera propolis collected in two apiaries located in Pacho and Suba-Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia. A qualitative analysis was designed and validated to diagnose and evaluate the quality of propolis for laboratory analysis. Samples were collected by the scraping method, ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) were obtained and results were compared under several Latin American standards (Cuban, Brazilian and Salvadoran standards). The presence of phenols and flavonoids was determined by means of solubility in lead acetate, ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide, pW, humidity, oxidizing property, UV-vis spectroscopy profiles, pH, mechanical masses, dry mass, percentage of phenolic compounds, ashes, determination of major and minor minerals and quantity of flavonoids in quercetin. The results showed that the solubility in lead acetate and sodium hydroxide were positive for the 10 samples in duplicate, plus the 3 validation samples; the results showed significant differences between locations and compared with current standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La guanábana (Annona muricata L.) contiene un gran número de compuestos con potencial antioxidante estrechamente ligados a los compuestos fenólicos presente en el tejido vegetal, el extracto de Guanábana posee más de 200 compuestos bioactivos se han aislado de la hoja y la pulpa de la fruta, en su mayoría pertenecen a los grupos de alcaloides, flavonoides, taninos, saponinas, glicosidos, y acetogeninas. El presente trabajo propone el análisis de extractos acuosos de hojas de cinco cultivares, detallando puntos de muestreo como posición de hojas en copa y en rama, como posibles potenciales antioxidantes. En la cuantificación de biomoléculas antioxidantes se utilizó el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y DPPH como sustancias que promueven cambios de coloración en contacto con biomoléculas antioxidantes. El contenido de fenoles solubles totales permite identificar dos cultivares con valores que divergen entre las muestras, en el cultivar 2 en toda su sección baja y copa, en parte de rama inicial, media y final expresados en mg EAG/gMS con valores de 7,80; 6,64; 7,94 y en de 7,19; 7,80; 8,20 respectivamente, el cultivar 5 en la sección copa, en rama parte final de 6,72. La actividad antioxidante identifica dos cultivares con valores que se deriven dentro de todos los puntos muéstrales, el cultivar 4 en su sección baja e iniciando la rama expresadas en mg ET/gMS con 179,45 y sección copa al inicio de rama 213,77, y el cultivar 5 en su sección copa al final de rama con 173,55. El punto más significante está en cultivar 5, en la sección copa de la planta, parte final de la rama

El banano es clave para la producción agrícola de Ecuador. Es común requerir grandes cantidades de plantas que se obtienen por organogénesis directa. El uso de distintos SIT ha reportado superar limitaciones de los cultivos in vitro en contacto permanente con el medio de cultivo. El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar la multiplicación de banano (Musa AAA cv. Williams), mediante el uso de un prototipo de SIT (PSIT) de origen local comparado con SIT RITA® y sistema semisólido (SS). A los 21 días se registraron datos de tasa de multiplicación por tipo de brote y brotes totales, longitud de pseudotallo y hoja 1, raíces totales por explante, masa fresca, ceniza, contenido de fenoles solubles totales (CFST) y actividad antioxidante (AA). Las vitroplantas del PSIT presentaron una apariencia más verde, vigorosa y uniforme. No se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto a tasa total de multiplicación entre SIT. Las vitroplantas obtenidas en PSIT presentaron la mayor longitud del pseudotallo y de hoja 1, también mayor contenido de ceniza. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre SIT respecto a masa fresca. El mayor CFST y mayor AA se evidenció en brotes obtenidos en PSIT. El uso de PSIT permite la obtención de vitroplantas de calidad superior al estándar, a la vez que se evidencia la optimización de la fase de multiplicación de brotes axilares de Musa cv. Williams.

The transformation and use of agricultural and agro-industrial biomass has been the focus of study in recent years, due to its treatment and use in value-added products such as liquid, solid and gaseous fuels. Molecules such as hydrogen, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, oxygen, and oxygenated compounds present in the liquid phase of biomass currently represent opportunities for synthesis of green fuels and inputs for the industry. In this work was discussed the main aspects for Animal Biomass transformations from a perspective based on Biooils composition obtained from different thermochemical methods, containing model molecules, useful for biofuels synthesis for transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philippe de Clermont (1831–1921) was a French organic chemist, known particularly for his synthesis of tetraethyl pyrophosphate, the first organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. This achievement was part of an extensive research about phosphoric ethers using Wurtz’s procedure. This type of synthesis was found to be also appropriate for the preparation of carbonic ethers. Another important consequence was that the reaction between ammonia and an ether composed of a mineral oxacid resulted in the formation of an alcoholic alkali. Clermont also carried extensive research about octene and its derivatives that culminated in the synthesis of a large number of new derivatives, among them octylene oxide acetate, caprylene halides and alcohol, octyl glycol, octyl glycol chlorhydrin, etc. Clermont determined the composition of persulfonic acid, synthesized sulfophenylurea, and a variety of thioureas. He also studied a variety of reactions of pyruvic acid, the composition of pyrogallic acid, synthesized purpurogallin, and a variety of metallic sulfides, in particularly the flesh and green sulfides of manganese and the decomposition reaction of ammonium chloride with metallic sulfides. Likewise, he showed that the production of aurin required the presence of nascent CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capsaicinoids, the pungent compounds of Capsicum (Chili) fruits, are amides of vanillylamine with ω-1-methyl-fatty acids of nine to eleven carbons. Isotopic studies have revealed that vanillylamine come from phenylalanine via the phenylpropanoid pathway, while the ω-1- methyl-fatty acids come from valine or leucine via isobutyrate or isovalerate, but the intermediate biochemical steps of the biosynthesis of these fatty acids are still obscure. Furthermore, there is no clear experimental evidence for the presence of these ω-1-methylated fatty acids precursors of capsaicinoids in fruits or other tissues of Capsicum plants. The objective of this study was to investigate by HPLC and GC/MS the presence and distribution of these branched fatty acids in fruits and biomass of cell cultures from several species of Capsicum in relation to the content of capsaicinoids. Capsaicinoids were detected exclusively in placental tissue and in biomass of cell suspension cultures. Its content regarding to the ripening stage of the fruits showed a typical growth pattern, reaching a stationary phase of accumulation during its transition from green to the final color, characteristic of each species. Interestingly, ω-1-methylated fatty acids were positively detected in tiny amounts in the placental tissue, but also in other parts of the fruit, and putatively in leaves adjacent to the peduncle of fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the accumulation of pigments regarding with the capsaicinoids contents and the maturation state of fruits from several Capsicum species was investigated. The capsaicinoids profile showed a stationary phase of accumulation during the transition from the green to red, yellow or orange final color, characteristic of each species. After the color transition phase, when maturation was reached, the stationary phase for capsaicinoids accumulation was stable for 10-15 days, until the fruits come into senescence, state that can be appreciated by the changes in morphology, mainly loss of turgor and wilting. This final stage of maturation starts with the lowering in the amount of capsaicinoids and the start of the transition phase from the green to the final color of the fruits. When the accumulation of pigments reaches its maximum the fruit shriveling, enters senescence, and the capsaicinoids content decreases to a minimum in all species studied. These observations indicate that the profile of capsaicinoids content have a direct metabolic correlation with the elongation of the fruits and inverse to the biosynthesis of pigments, acting as a chemical signal to stop the fruit elongation and for the start of pigments biosynthesis. The study on the profile for accumulation of both capsaicinoids and pigments showed that the end of the accumulation of capsaicinoids was gradually accompanied by the start of pigment biosynthesis, which supports the hypothesis that this metabolic change is the biochemical signal for the ripening and senescence processes of Capsicum fruits, assumption that is supported by the fact that chili peppers are non-climacteric fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total phenols in virgin olive oil are highly dependent on cultivar, but also on ripening stage and other agronomic factors. The focus of most studies on agronomic factors has been irrigation, while fertilization has received less attention. Most of the fertilization works find that nitrogen over-fertilization leads to a decrease in phenol contents in virgin olive oil (VOO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), under rain-fed or irrigation management. Ortho-diphenols also decrease with high doses of nitrogen, with no effect on secoiridoids. Phosphorous has a minor effect on irrigated trees; while the role of potassium is controversial, with a lack of trials with calcium and micro-nutrients. Due to the great impact of the fertilization on the phenol content and quality of VOO, new research is necessary with focus aimed at different cultivars and agronomic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad causada por bacterias patógenas que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero, lo cual genera pérdidas económicas importantes, además, debido al uso excesivo de antibióticos para tratar esta enfermedad, los microorganismos han creado resistencia a estos fármacos, por ello, se buscan nuevas alternativas para este fin. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas nativas de Sonora contra bacterias patógenas aisladas de vacas diagnosticadas con mastitis. Se obtuvieron 17 extractos etanólicos de plantas nativas de Sonora, y se evaluó su actividad antimicrobiana por el método de difusión en agar contra siete patógenos aislados de leche de vacas con mastitis utilizando una concentración de 50 mg/ml de cada extracto. El contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales se determinó mediante espectrofotometría. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de Ibervillea sonorae (wereke, tubérculo), Populus alba (álamo, hojas), Ambrosia ambrosioides (chicura, tallos), Krameria sonorae (cosahui, raíces) y Prosopis velutina (mezquite, hojas) fueron eficaces para eliminar a S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. y Citrobacter spp. (P

La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad causada por bacterias patógenas que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero, lo cual genera pérdidas económicas importantes, además, debido al uso excesivo de antibióticos para tratar esta enfermedad, los microorganismos han creado resistencia a estos fármacos, por ello, se buscan nuevas alternativas para este fin. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas nativas de Sonora contra bacterias patógenas aisladas de vacas diagnosticadas con mastitis. Se obtuvieron 17 extractos etanólicos de plantas nativas de Sonora, y se evaluó su actividad antimicrobiana por el método de difusión en agar contra siete patógenos aislados de leche de vacas con mastitis utilizando una concentración de 50 mg/ml de cada extracto. El contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales se determinó mediante espectrofotometría. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de Ibervillea sonorae (wereke, tubérculo), Populus alba (álamo, hojas), Ambrosia ambrosioides (chicura, tallos), Krameria sonorae (cosahui, raíces) y Prosopis velutina (mezquite, hojas) fueron eficaces para eliminar a S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. y Citrobacter spp. (P<0.05). Además, los extractos con alto contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales (wereke, álamo, chicura, cosahui y mezquite) mostraron una correlación inversa con respecto al pH (r = -0.94, r = -0.92, respectivamente) (P<0.05) y presentaron mayor actividad antimicrobiana contra los patógenos probados. Por lo anterior, los extractos de las plantas de Sonora podrían representar una alternativa para el control de patógenos Gram (+) y Gram (-) que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo Caracterizar las variaciones en el contenido de fenoles en las diferentes porciones comestibles y no comestibles de Elaeagnus angustifolia L. durante el ciclo de crecimiento de la planta. Materiales y Métodos Se recolectó material vegetal durante el ciclo de desarrollo de la planta en la región del Valle Medio, Río Negro, Argentina. La recolección se realizó en cinco muestreos (septiembre, noviembre, enero, febrero y marzo). Para ello se tomaron muestras de las hojas, las flores y los frutos de la canopea expuesta al sol y de las hojas sombreadas. Se evaluó la presencia de polifenoles en las diferentes muestras recolectadas mediante ensayos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza, mientras que las diferencias significativas entre las medias por medio de la prueba de Tukey, para p < 0,05. Se aplicó el programa estadístico Infostat®. Resultados Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en el contenido de polifenoles entre las hojas externas soleadas y las interiores sombreadas en el muestreo de septiembre. Las hojas sombreadas contenían significativamente más compuestos fenólicos que las hojas superiores soleadas (19,8 y 16,4 mg EAG g-1 de MS, respectivamente). Esta variabilidad se vuelve nula, cuando se compara el tirso comestible total con las partes no consumidas. Conclusiones Se determinó la variación estacional y espacial en la concentración de fenoles totales en la biomasa comestible y no comestible de E. angustifolia durante su ciclo de crecimiento. Además, no se encontraron cantidades limitantes de polifenoles en las hojas sombreadas, que pudieran reducir el consumo voluntario de alimento y su digestibilidad.

Introducción: A nivel mundial el consumo Hibiscus sabdariffa, ha venido creciendo gracias a su conte-nido rico en compuestos bioactivos como flavonoides y antocianinas. Por medio de sus cálices ha sido utilizada para prevenir y tratar enfermedades degenerativas como el cáncer, anomalías cardiovasculares e hiperlipidemia. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antioxidante de un extracto de H. sabdariffa, por medio del ensayo de oxidación de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) aisladas de plasma sanguíneo. Métodos: Se emplearon cálices deshidratados obtenidos de un cultivo propio, obteniendo un extracto acuoso bajo condiciones similares a la forma de consumo habitual. Se determinó el contenido de fenoles totales empleando el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Caracterizado el extracto se evaluó su actividad an-tioxidante por el ensayo de oxidación de LDL, obtenida de una muestra sanguínea de tres pacientes sin hiperlipidemia. Resultados: Se evidenció una inhibición de la oxidación de LDL estadísticamente significativa del extracto y su respectivo control en cada una de las muestras (p

En este estudio, fueron comparados los valores de las concentraciones de fenoles totales en extractos acuosos de plantas medicinales ecuatorianas que fueron obtenidos usando el método espectrofotométrico desarrollado por Folinn y Ciocalteau y por titulación potenciométrica. Por el método potenciométrico se cuantificaron los fenoles totales presentes en cuatro plantas medicinales (Ageratum conyzoides, Cnidoscolus chayamansa, Cynara scolymus y Taraxacum officinale), las cuales fueron seleccionadas por ser representativas de los contenidos alto, medio, intermedio y bajo de fenoles totales de las doce plantas previamente analizadas espectrofotométricamente. Los resultados de la cuantificación de fenoles totales por titulación potenciométrica tuvieron una alta correlación (R2=0,987) con los valores obtenidos por el método espectrofotométrico, a las concentraciones de 0,70 a 24,0 mg/g. El uso de la potenciometría para cuantificar fenoles totales resultó amigable con el ambiente al utilizar concentraciones muy diluidas de reactivos y reemplazar las substancias tóxicas empleadas habitualmente en los métodos espectrofotométricos.

From the roasted coffee bean (Coffea arabica), one of the most consumed beverages in the world is obtained, constituting a functional product thanks to its diversity of biomolecules. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of three roasting times on the concentration of caffeine, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in artisan green coffee beans. The beans were roasted at 250°C, at times of 10, 12 and 14 min, characterized as light, medium and dark roast. The analytes of interest were determined by UV/Visible molecular absorption spectrophotometry and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil free radical method (DPPH) and the iron reducing power test (FRAP) were used for antioxidant activity. The analyses showed that the caffeine concentration did not vary significantly in the three types of roasts. Statistical difference was observed regarding the content of phenolic and flavonoids compounds (p < 0.05). In relation to the antioxidant activity, the water extract of grains with medium roast presented the highest antioxidant power (DPPH = 85.34%, FRAP = 113.32 ± 0.90 µmol Fe+2/g CM). Although the roasting temperature and time vary according to each company and independent coffee grower, it is concluded that the roasting process represents a fundamental step in the expression of compounds with antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2003, some forest nurseries in the country have been using substrates with fresh sawdust from pine and fir. Due to the availability of sawdust from a greater variety of species, this study proposed the hypothesis that substrates with fresh sawdust from broadleaf trees are suitable for producing Pinus patula plants with a quality similar to that produced in substrates with sawdust from pine or fir species. To test it, the objective was to evaluate the growth of P. patula seedlings in polystyrene trays filled with substrates with 60% fresh sawdust of the 11 main timber forest species (conifers and broadleaf trees) that are used in central and south-eastern México. The sawdust used was of the species: Abies religiosa, Hevea brasiliensis, Gmelina arborea, Mangifera indica, Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus montezumae, Pinus patula, Pinus teocote, Quercus laurina, Quercus rugosa and Tectona grandis. The polystyrene trays (77 cavities, 170 cm³ each) were filled with a substrate mixture of sawdust (60%), composted pine bark, perlite and vermiculite (20, 10 and 10%). Fertilizers were added to each tray filling mixture: Multicote® 18-6-12 and 12-24-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) 8 months of controlled-release (4 g L-1 each) and Micromax® (1 g L-1). The experimental design was completely randomized and included 11 treatments and four replicates. At seven months, there were differences (p≤0.05) by treatment in diameter, height, dry weights, sturdiness quotient and Dickson's quality indexes, and in the leaf concentration of N, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B. With all substrates, Dickson's quality indexes ≥0.47; diameters ≥4 mm and heights 20 to 30 cm were obtained, except with that of M. indica. N and P concentrations were ≥1.3 and 0.20%, except in plants grown in H. brasiliensis and M. indica substrates. Concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, Zn and B were lower than the recommended values in all treatments. The plant produced in the substrate with P. ayacahuite sawdust developed the best morphological and nutrient concentration variables, while the lowest values were observed in the plant grown in M. indica substrate. This is attributed respectively, to the lower and higher content of salts and phenols in the sawdust of those two species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El contenido de compuestos fenólicos de las plantas forrajeras está asociado positivamente a bajas cargas parasitarias en el ganado (Provenza y Villalba, 2010). Diversas plantas que contienen compuestos como terpenos, alcaloides, saponinas, antraquinonas y taninos se utilizan para el control de parásitos del ganado (Alonso et al., 2009).

The primary objective of this research study was to characterize the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of dehydrated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) pulp by two drying methods (hot air and lyophilization). Coffee pulp samples were obtained from three farms in the Amazonas region (Peru). They were treated in a process that included washing, air drying, dehydration, grinding, and extraction using ultra-pure water and four organic solvents: 50% ethanol, 95% ethanol, 50% methanol, and 95% methanol. The results showed that the extracts obtained by lyophilization and 95% ethanol solvent had the most extraction capacity, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity, with 66.3% and 402.6 mg of Gallic acid equivalents/100 g dehydrated pulp, respectively. It is concluded that 95% ethanol is the best solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds in dehydrated coffee pulp by lyophilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La producción bananera es la segunda actividad económica de El Oro, pero con plantaciones de 40 años de edad que requieren renovar sistemas tradicionales con plantas jóvenes vigorosas. La micropropagación, como alternativa para obtener plantas de banano, propone sistemas de inmersión temporal RITA®. Por otra parte, los extractos de Moringa oleifera LAM (MOL) muestran gran potencial de actividad antioxidante. En este trabajo se determinó el contenido de fenoles solubles y antioxidantes en diferentes órganos en MOL, así como el efecto de añadir extractos de esta planta a vitroplantas de banano enraizadas en RITA ®. Se evaluaron diferentes ciclos de inmersión (3, 6 y 8 ciclos), así como sistemas convencionales semisólidos, permitiendo valorar la elicitación de vitroplantas enraizadas para reducir el estrés oxidativo. Los órganos de MOL con mayor contenido en fenoles fueron las hojas y las flores, con 6.35 y 6.53 mg de equivalentes de ácido gálico /g peso seco respectivamente. Los mayores niveles de capacidad antioxidante se encontraron en las hojas (24.36 % de reducción del 2,2- Difenil-1-Picrilhidrazilo (DPPH)). En RITA®, con la aplicación de 8 inmersiones diarias se obtuvieron raíces más largas y mayor masa fresca que con 3 y 6 inmersiones y con medio semisólido. La elicitación con extractos acuosos de hoja de MOL a bananos cultivados en RITA® permitió potenciar el contenido de fenoles y antioxidantes, de modo que con 8 ciclos de inmersión se obtuvieron 6.32 mg GAE/g peso seco de fenoles y un 13.60 % de reducción del DPPH, reduciendo el estrés oxidativo de vitroplantas Williams en fase de enraizamiento.

En el presente trabajo se realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico, cuantificación de flavonoides y fenoles totales y la evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antibacteriana de los extractos etanólicos obtenidos de hojas de Hibiscus escobariae, Loxopterygium huasango y Croton ferrugineus, contra tres bacterias Gram Positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes) y tres Gram negativas (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Para el análisis de las muestras se realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico por el método de Domínguez, la cuantificación de flavonoides por el método colorimétrico cloruro de aluminio, la cuantificación de fenoles totales por el método Folin-Ciocalteu, actividad antibacteriana por ensayos de difusión por disco y actividad antioxidante mediante la técnica DPPH. En el tamizaje fitoquímico los flavonoides y taninos se presentaron en mayor cantidad, mientras que los alcaloides, quinonas, antraquinonas, esteroides y saponinas estuvieron presentes en menor proporción. El contenido de flavonoides varió de 100,95 ± 1,73 a 995,42 ± 3,16 mg CE / g extracto en H. escobariae y L. huasango y el contenido de fenoles varió de 10,17 ± 0,22 a 314,72 ± 1,91 mg GAE/ g extracto en Croton ferrugineus y L. huasango que también obtuvo la mejor actividad antibacteriana frente a las cepas evaluadas con CMI que varían de 2.5 a 5 mg/mL y la mejor actividad antioxidante con IC50 de 0,1 mg/m y de 0,7 mg/mL para Croton ferrugineus con una diferencia significativa p

Objective: To determine the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the banana passionfruit (Passiflora mollissima) and black cherry (Prunus serotina). Materials and methods: An analytical, experimental, longitudinal and prospective study. The black cherries and banana passionfruits were collected in the Cusco, Moquegua and Arequipa regions. The content of phenols and flavonoids were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) techniques. Albino rats classified into a negative control group, a positive control group and four experimental groups were used to study the hepatoprotective effect of the fruits. Results: Banana passionfruits from the Cusco region (Quechua) showed the highest concentration of total phenols (584.94 ± 134.62 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoids (445.62 ± 7.94 mg QE/100 g). Concerning the DPPH radical, the IC50 value of banana passion fruits from the Arequipa region (Yunga) was found to be 0.41 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Banana passion fruits from the Cusco region (Quechua) showed the highest FRAP value (8.38 ± 0.32 mmol Fe2+/100 g). Black cherries from the Arequipa region (Yunga) had the highest concentration of total phenols (181.81 ± 34.1 mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoids (205.18 ± 77.8 mg QE/100 g). They also showed a significant antioxidant activity regarding the DPPH (2.1 ± 0.01 mg/mL), while the antioxidant capacity of black cherries from the Cusco region (Quechua), which was evaluated with the FRAP method, achieved a value of 1.59 ± 0.2 mmol Fe2+/100 g. The observed differences were statistically significant. Banana passion fruits showed a better hepatoprotective effect than black cherries. Conclusions: Banana passion fruits from the Cusco region (Quechua) are an important source of antioxidant compounds and show a high antioxidant capacity (FRAP), while black cherries from the Arequipa region (Yunga) have a high content of antioxidant compounds and a higher antioxidant capacity (DPPH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sustainable agroecological practices make it possible to reduce the negative environmental and socio-economic impact on agriculture. Among these practices, is the use of composts and biol found as fertilizers, fertilizers or organic amendments with an effectiveness, in many cases, higher than that exerted by natural manures. In this context, the agri-food industry generates a great variety and quantity of waste and by-products, which can potentially be used as fertilizers and soil amendments due to their high content of organic matter and plant nutrients. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the physicochemical and biochemical composition of the biol with five different concentrations of alperujo (5, 10, 15, 2 and 25%). The unidirectional analysis of variance of the results obtained in the concentration of organic matter, organic carbon, phosphates, phenols, nitrates and protein did not show a significant statistical difference, however, the authors recommend the concentration of alperujo 25% due to presenting the lower concentration of phenols and high concentration of organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The electrical conductivity (EC) of a nutrient solution (NS) in hydroponic or soilless systems influences the yield and quality of the fruits. Objective. The aim of this research was to determine the quality and fruit yield of bell pepper in response to the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution. Methodology. A completely randomized experimental design with 15 replications was used. The treatments consisted of four nutrient solutions with different electrical conductivity (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 dS m-1) based on the Steiner nutrient solution. Yield, firmness, and bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, vitamin C, lycopene, β-carotene, and the antioxidant activity) were quantified in fruits. Results. The results showed that an electrical conductivity of 2.0 dS m-1 or higher increased the bioactive compounds but decreased the yield and firmness of the fruits. Implications. The correct selection of the EC in the NS is a preponderant factor to get functional foods, with high yields and to avoid unnecessary costs in fertilization Conclusion. The high EC in the NS reduced the yield and the firmness of the fruits. From an EC of 2.0 dS m-1 in the NS, the content of vitamin C, total phenols, lycopene, total capsaicinoids, β-carotene and the antioxidant activity of pepper fruits increased.

Objetivo: Determinar el contenido de compuestos bioactivos y la capacidad antioxidante de los frutos tumbo (Passiflora mollissima) y cerezo (Prunus serotina). Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo. Los frutos cerezo y tumbo se recolectaron en las regiones de Cusco, Moquegua y Arequipa. La técnica de Folin-Ciocalteu fue empleada para determinar el contenido de fenoles, y el cloruro de aluminio se utilizó para calcular los flavonoides. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó mediante las técnicas Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), 2,2-difenil-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) y sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Para estudiar el efecto hepatoprotector de las frutas, utilizamos ratas albinas que se clasificaron en un grupo control negativo, un grupo control positivo y cuatro grupos experimentales. Resultados: La mayor concentración de fenoles totales y flavonoides se encontró en el tumbo de la región Cusco (Quechua) (fenoles totales: 584,94 ± 134,62 mg EAG / 100 g y flavonoides :445,62 ± 7,94 mg EQ / 100 g). Para el radical DPPH, el valor IC50 del tumbo de la región Arequipa (Yunga) fue 0,41 ± 0,01 mg / mL. El tumbo de la región Cusco (Quechua) mostró el valor FRAP más alto (8,38 ± 0,32 mmol Fe2 + / 100 g). El cerezo de la región de Arequipa (Yunga) presentó la mayor concentración de fenoles totales (181,81 ± 34,1 mg EAG / 100 g) y flavonoides (205,18 ± 77,8 mg EQ / 100 g). El cerezo de Arequipa (Yunga) mostró una actividad antioxidante significativa al DPPH (2,1 ± 0,01 mg / mL), mientras que la capacidad antioxidante del cerezo de la región Cusco (Quechua), evaluada con la técnica FRAP, alcanzó un valor de 1,59 ± 0,2 mmol Fe2+/100 g. Las diferencias observadas fueron estadísticamente significativas. El tumbo mostró un mejor efecto hepatoprotector que el cerezo. Conclusiones: El tumbo de la región Cusco (Quechua) es una fuente importante de compuestos antioxidantes y muestra una elevada capacidad antioxidante (FRAP), mientras que el cerezo de la región Arequipa (Yunga) tiene un alto contenido de compuestos antioxidantes y una mayor capacidad antioxidante (DPPH).

Six cold-pressed oil samples obtained from the seeds of different grape varieties grown in a Fruška Gora vineyard in the Republic of Serbia were examined for chemical and nutritive quality, as well as antiradical capacity. All the tested samples were of good quality, but the results showed noticeable differences in seed oil properties for red and white grape varieties. The highest content in total tocols, 575.23 ± 4.46 mg/kg, was found in the red grape seed oil of the Merlot variety, but the vitamin E activity of white grape seed oils was significantly higher. Regarding single phenols, the most prevalent fraction in all the oil samples was ursolic acid, up to 336.3 ± 4.8 µg/g in the grape seed oil of the Hamburg variety. The highest content in the total phenolic compounds, 54.92 ± 0.93 µg GAE/g, was detected in the oil of red grape seeds. Although significant differences existed between samples, EC50 values were the lowest for the red grape seed oils, varying from 29.84 ± 1.07 to 65.34 ± 0.32 mg oil/mg DPPH, indicating that these oils had the highest antiradical capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The organoleptic qualities of aromatic species and their derived products are directly related to some characteristics of flavor, color and nutritional value and depend largely on their genetic origin and content of secondary metabolites. Objective: the antioxidant activity of different genotypes of Theobroma spp. from Mexico was evaluated in order to distinguish promising qualities for genetic improvement, and to differentiate phylogenetic traits, considering biochemical variables. Methods: the amount of phenols, flavonoids and antioxi-dant activity was determined by ABTS and DDPH, in addition to the content of anthocyanins, theobromine and caffeine in four species of Theobroma L., and 50 genotypes derived from T. cacao. The results were analyzed using an analysis of variance, means test, principal component analysis and cladistic analysis. Results: there are highly significant differences between genotypes. The phenol content ranged from 7.5-85 mg g-1; flavonoids 6.57-69.6 mg g-1, antioxidant activity by ABTS of 17.3-86.1 and by DDPH of 40.0-53.3; anthocyanin content of 0.01-3, caffeine of 1.8-6.7-and theobromine of 2.9-9.8 mg g-1. Principal component and cladistic analysis helped explain the variation found and distinguish evolutionary characters and phylogenetic brotherhoods. The varia-tion in content of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, theobromine and caffeine was mainly due to the degree of domestication, while for the group of genotypes derived from T. cacao (forastero, trinitario and criollo) it was the origin of the seeds. Conclusions: the degree of domestication influences the content of phenols and antioxidant capacity. The results suggest that the evaluated variables can help to form criteria for genetic improvement in the complex derived from T. cacao oriented to the selection of higher phenol content and greater antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)