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An important role in evaluating the nutritional value of meat is played by the content of moisture, protein and fat in the pulp, that is, the chemical composition of the meat. In general, the concept of “meat quality” is broader and depends on the pedigree, sex-age and fattening characteristics of animals, feeding, keeping conditions and a number of other factors. When studying the quality of meat an important place is occupied by physical and chemical studies of muscle tissue. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of feeding and keeping conditions on the chemical composition and qualitative indicators of meat in bull calves reared for meat production purposes. When studying the influence of breed affiliation on the productive qualities of the Aberdeen Angus x Blackand-White crossbreds (control) and pure-bred Sharolaise bull-calves, grown on the “cow-calf” system, it was established that the indices of the chemical composition of the longest muscle of the back, the water and protein content were slightly higher in bull-calves of Sharolaise breed, the difference being of 0.2 and 0.3%, respectively. There are no reliable differences. Meat quality data showed that pH and color intensity were slightly higher in Aberdeen Angus x Black-and-White calves, the difference being of 8.5% (P

The first aim of the study was to compare selected meat quality parameters in porkers without the gene RYR1 (T) (ryanodine receptor gene). These were porkers slaughtered at 100 to 115 kg and 116 to 130 kg live weight. The second aim of the study was to determine the occurrence frequency of standard-quality meat (red, firm, nonexudative [RFN]) and the occurence frequency of defective meat (pale, soft, exudative [PSE] and acid, soft, exudative [ASE]). The analysis was conducted on the longissimus lumborum muscle in 114 crossbred porkers. The porkers were a cross of Camborough 22 sows and boars from lines 337PIC (Pig Improvement Company), Norsvin Landrace and Pietrain. All of the animals were provided with identical environmental and nutritional conditions. The average weight of the slaughtered animals in the light and heavy groups was 110 kg and 122 kg, respectively. Both groups had the same average post-slaughter meatiness (56.5%). A statistical analysis of selected meat-quality parameters did not show any significant differences between the weight groups. On the other hand, the classification based on carcass quality showed an occurence frequency of defective meat in heavier crossbred porkers (116 to 130 kg) that was three times higher than in those crossbred animals which weighed 100 to 115 kg when slaughtered. In porkers without the gene RYR1 (T) , the defective meat types PSE and ASE occurred with a frequency of 17.54%.

The first aim of the study was to compare selected meat quality parameters in porkers without the gene RYR1T (ryanodine receptor gene). These were porkers slaughtered at 100 to 115 kg and 116 to 130 kg live weight. The second aim of the study was to determine the occurrence frequency of standard-quality meat (red, firm, nonexudative [RFN]) and the occurence frequency of defective meat (pale, soft, exudative [PSE] and acid, soft, exudative [ASE]). The analysis was conducted on the longissimus lumborum muscle in 114 crossbred porkers. The porkers were a cross of Camborough 22 sows and boars from lines 337PIC (Pig Improvement Company), Norsvin Landrace and Pietrain. All of the animals were provided with identical environmental and nutritional conditions. The average weight of the slaughtered animals in the light and heavy groups was 110 kg and 122 kg, respectively. Both groups had the same average post-slaughter meatiness (56.5%). A statistical analysis of selected meat-quality parameters did not show any significant differences between the weight groups. On the other hand, the classification based on carcass quality showed an occurence frequency of defective meat in heavier crossbred porkers (116 to 130 kg) that was three times higher than in those crossbred animals which weighed 100 to 115 kg when slaughtered. In porkers without the gene RYR1T, the defective meat types PSE and ASE occurred with a frequency of 17.54%.

Two categories of beef production exist; i.e. (i) purebred animals from a beef sire and a beef dam and (ii) crossbred animals from a beef sire and a dairy dam. For the purebred beef production, there is a growing interest to include behavior and type traits in the breeding goal. Heritabilities for behavior traits, estimated using subjective data scored by farmers, range from 0.02 to 0.19. Heritabilities for type traits range from 0.02 to 0.35. Results show that there are good opportunities to implement selection for behavior traits using a simple on-farm recording system to allow collection of large data set, and for type traits in Charolais. A genome-wide association study detected 16 genomic regions with small effect on behavior and type traits. This suggests that behavior and type traits are influenced by many genes each explaining a small part of the genetic variance. The two main dairy breeds mated to Charolais sires for crossbred beef production in France are Montbéliard and Holstein. The genetic correlation between the same trait measured on Montbéliard x Charolais and on Holstein x Charolais was 0.99 for muscular development, 0.96 for birth weight; and 0.91 for calving difficulty, 0.80 for height, and 0.70 for bone thinness. Thus, for these last three traits, results show evidence for re-ranking of Charolais sires depending on whether they are mated to Montbéliard or Holstein cows. When using genomic prediction, the Montbéliard x Charolais and Holstein x Charolais populations could be combined into a single reference population to increase size and accuracy of genomic prediction. Results indicate that the higher the genetic correlation is between the two crossbred populations, the higher the gain in accuracy is achieved when combining the two populations into a single reference. The selection of Charolais sires to produce purebred or crossbred animals is made through distinct breeding programs. An alternative could be to combine selection into one breeding program. Decision for combining or keeping breeding programs separate is determined by the correlation between the breeding objectives, the selection intensity, the difference in level of genetic merit, the accuracy of selection, and the recent implementation of genomic evaluation. Considering all parameters and based on estimations for selection on birth weight, I recommend combining both breeding programs because this will lead to higher genetic gain, and might simplify operating organization and reduce associated costs.

The objective of this study was to establish the impact of crossing the indigenous Cres sheep with Awassi and, respectively, Awassi and East Friesian sheep on the milk yield and quality. For this purpose, through regular monthly milk yield recordings a total of 824individual milk samples from 139 sheep in the second lactation of the same flock were collected, of which: 46 purebred Cres sheep, CS; 33 crosses with 50 % Cres sheep and 50 % Awassi, CA; 60 crosses with 50 % Cres sheep, 25 % Awassi and 25 % East Friesian, CAEF. The obtained results show a significant (P

This study aimed to assess and compare the non-carcass components, carcass measurements and meat cut production of Pantaneiro (P) sheep and their Texel (TP) and Santa Inês (SIP) crossbreds. Ninety-six lambs, of which 51 were male and 45 were female, with a mean weaning weight of 15.21 ± 1.25. kg and age of 78 ± 13 days were slaughtered at 32. kg of body weight. TP lambs had greater leg compactness and weight and percentage of pelt, whereas genotypes (G) P and SIP had higher carcass depth. P and SIP females had weights omental fat percentages that were superior to the other animals, whereas SIP females had higher mesenteric fat. TP males had higher production of white viscera. There was no effect of sex, G or interaction for production and percentage of all meat cuts. Pantaneiro lambs and their crosses with meat breeds could be useful in meat production systems under Savannah environmental conditions. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The objective of this study was to establish the impact of crossing the indigenous Cres sheep with Awassi and, respectively, Awassi and East Friesian sheep on the milk yield and quality. For this purpose, through regular monthly milk yield recordings a total of 824 individual milk samples from 139 sheep in the second lactation of the same flock were collected, of which: 46 purebred Cres sheep, CS ; 33 crosses with 50% Cres sheep and 50% Awassi, CA ; 60 crosses with 50% Cres sheep, 25% Awassi and 25 % East Friesian, CAEF. The obtained results show a significant (P

The objective of this study was to establish the impact of crossing the indigenous Cres sheep with Awassi and, respectively, Awassi and East Friesian sheep on the milk yield and quality. For this purpose, through regular monthly milk yield recordings a total of 824 individual milk samples from 139 sheep in the second lactation of the same flock were collected, of which: 46 purebred Cres sheep, CS; 33 crosses with 50 % Cres sheep and 50 % Awassi, CA; 60 crosses with 50 % Cres sheep, 25 % Awassi and 25 % East Friesian, CAEF. The obtained results show a significant (P, Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj križanja izvorne creske ovce s avasijem, odnosno s avasijem i istočnofrizijskom ovcom na proizvodnju i kakvoću mlijeka. Redovitim mjesečnim kontrolama mliječnosti prikupljeno je ukupno 830 pojedinačnih uzoraka mlijeka od 139 ovaca u drugoj laktaciji koje potječu iz istog stada (46 čistokrvnih creskih ovaca; 33 križanke creska (75 %) x avasi (25 %), CA; i 60 križanki creska (50 %) x avasi (25 %) x istočnofrizijska (25 %), CAEF). Genotip i stadij laktacije značajno su utjecali na proizvodnju i sastav mlijeka, kao i na broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku. Najviše mlijeka proizvele su križanke CAEF (690 mL po ovci dnevno, odnosno 133,8 L u laktaciji), a najmanje čistokrvna creska ovca (340 ml po ovci dnevno, odnosno 58,48 L u laktaciji). Sadržaji suhe tvari, mliječne masti i proteina povećavali su se s odmicanjem laktacije, dok je sadržaj laktoze imao suprotan trend. Najviši sadržaj suhe tvari, masti i bjelančevina utvrđen je u mlijeku creskih ovaca. Pozitivna korelacija utvrđena je između količine proizvedenog mlijeka i broja somatskih stanica u mlijeku, dok su negativne korelacije utvrđene između proizvodnje mlijeka i sadržaja suhe tvari, masti i proteina u mlijeku.

The objective was to determine the effect of ageing period on beef meat from young bulls of a rustic genotype (Morucha) and an improved crossbreed (Charolais x Morucha). The ageing periods were 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. Carcass quality, pH, meat chemical composition, myoglobin content, colour, water-holding capacity, textural parameters (20%, 80% compression, and Warner-Bratzler test) and sensory characteristics were determined. Regarding carcass quality, better results were observed in crossbreed genotype than in Morucha pure breed. Myoglobin concentrations and a* values were higher in the rustic pure breed than in the crossbreed. Although no differences were observed between genotypes in cooking losses, crossbreed animals provided higher values in thawing losses. Textural parameters did not differ significantly between genotypes. For both genotypes 20% compression and Warner-Bratzler tests showed that longer ageing periods promoted more tender meat. However, sensory analysis indicated that meat from the rustic breed may require a longer ageing period than meat from the crossbreed., El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el periodo óptimo de maduración en carne de vacuno procedente de animales de genotipo rústico (Morucha), y del cruce mejorante Morucha x Charolés. Se valoraron los siguientes parámetros: la calidad de la canal, el pH, la composición química del músculo, el contenido en mioglobina, el color, la capacidad de retención de agua, la textura de forma instrumental (compresión al 20% y 80% y test de Warner-Braztler) y las características sensoriales. En relación con la calidad de la canal, se obtuvieron mejores resultados en los animales cruzados que en los de raza Morucha en pureza. La concentración de mioglobina y el valor del índice de rojo fueron superiores en los animales de genotipo rústico que en los cruzados. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias en las pérdidas por cocinado, los animales cruzados dieron lugar a mayores pérdidas por congelación. Los parámetros de textura no reflejaron diferencias entre genotipos. Para ambos genotipos, la compresión al 20% y el test Warner-Braztler mostraron que periodos más largos de maduración daban lugar a carne más tierna. Sin embargo, el análisis sensorial indicó que la carne de los animales de raza rústica en pureza puede requerir periodos de maduración más largos que la de los animales procedentes del cruce.

Carcasses of Churro Galego Bragançano purebred and Suffolk and Merino Precoce crossbred lambs reared under three different conventional production system of northeast of Portugal were evaluated. Carcasses of male lambs had larger muscle longissimus width (P < 0.05) and smaller subcutaneous fat thickness (P < 0.05) than the female lambs. Carcasses of crossbred lambs had higher (P < 0.05) compactness indices and leg and shoulder proportion than Bragançano purebred. Suffolk crossed had lower KKCF proportion (P < 0.05) than Bragançano and Merino crossbred lambs. Male lambs had higher (P < 0.05) muscle proportion in almost all carcass joints than the female lambs. It was concluded that Suffolk can be used as sire breed in Bragançano ewes to produce lambs with leaner and more compact carcasses and better fat distribution, which allows slaughtering at higher slaughter weight, specially in more intensive production systems. Female lambs should be slaughtered at lower carcass weight than male lambs in order to produce carcasses with the same fattening degree., Se evaluaron canales de corderos Churra Galega Bragançana y se cruzaron con Suffolk y Merino Precoz criados en tres sistemas de producción en el nordeste de Portugal. Los corderos machos presentaron el músculo longissimus más ancho (P < 0.05) y con menor (P < 0.05) espesor de grasa subcutánea que las hembras. Los corderos cruzados tuvieron mayores (P < 0.05) índices de compacidad y de proporciones de pierna y espalda que los Bragançanos. Los corderos cruzados Suffolk tuvieron menor proporción de grasa perirrenal que los Bragançanos y cruzados Merino. Los corderos machos tuvieron mayores (P < 0.05) proporciones de músculo, en casi todos los cortes, que las hembras. Se concluye que se pueden utilizar sementales Suffolk sobre ovejas Bragançanas para producir corderos con canales más magras, más compactas y con mejor distribución de la grasa, permitiendo sacrificios a pesos más elevados, especialmente en los sistemas de producción más intensivos. Las hembras deben ser sacrificadas con pesos más bajos para producir canales con el mismo estado de engrasamiento que los machos.

The objective was to determine the effect of ageing period on beef meat from young bulls of a rustic genotype (Morucha) and an improved crossbreed (Charolais x Morucha). The ageing periods were 3, 7, 10, and 14 days. Carcass quality, pH, meat chemical composition, myoglobin content, colour, water-holding capacity, textural parameters (20%, 80% compression, and Warner-Bratzler test) and sensory characteristics were determined. Regarding carcass quality, better results were observed in crossbreed genotype than in Morucha pure breed. Myoglobin concentrations and a* values were higher in the rustic pure breed than in the crossbreed. Although no differences were observed between genotypes in cooking losses, crossbreed animals provided higher values in thawing losses. Textural parameters did not differ significantly between genotypes. For both genotypes 20% compression and Warner-Bratzler tests showed that longer ageing periods promoted more tender meat. However, sensory analysis indicated that meat from the rustic breed may require a longer ageing period than meat from the crossbreed. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el periodo óptimo de maduración en carne de vacuno procedente de animales de genotipo rústico (Morucha), y del cruce mejorante Morucha x Charolés. Se valoraron los siguientes parámetros: la calidad de la canal, el pH, la composición química del músculo, el contenido en mioglobina, el color, la capacidad de retención de agua, la textura de forma instrumental (compresión al 20% y 80% y test de Warner-Braztler) y las características sensoriales. En relación con la calidad de la canal, se obtuvieron mejores resultados en los animales cruzados que en los de raza Morucha en pureza. La concentración de mioglobina y el valor del índice de rojo fueron superiores en los animales de genotipo rústico que en los cruzados. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias en las pérdidas por cocinado, los animales cruzados dieron lugar a mayores pérdidas por congelación. Los parámetros de textura no reflejaron diferencias entre genotipos. Para ambos genotipos, la compresión al 20% y el test Warner-Braztler mostraron que periodos más largos de maduración daban lugar a carne más tierna. Sin embargo, el análisis sensorial indicó que la carne de los animales de raza rústica en pureza puede requerir periodos de maduración más largos que la de los animales procedentes del cruce.

Carcasses of Churro Galego Bragançano purebred and Suffolk and Merino Precoce crossbred lambs reared under three different conventional production system of northeast of Portugal were evaluated. Carcasses of male lambs had larger muscle longissimus width (P < 0.05) and smaller subcutaneous fat thickness (P < 0.05) than the female lambs. Carcasses of crossbred lambs had higher (P < 0.05) compactness indices and leg and shoulder proportion than Bragançano purebred. Suffolk crossed had lower KKCF proportion (P < 0.05) than Bragançano and Merino crossbred lambs. Male lambs had higher (P < 0.05) muscle proportion in almost all carcass joints than the female lambs. It was concluded that Suffolk can be used as sire breed in Bragançano ewes to produce lambs with leaner and more compact carcasses and better fat distribution, which allows slaughtering at higher slaughter weight, specially in more intensive production systems. Female lambs should be slaughtered at lower carcass weight than male lambs in order to produce carcasses with the same fattening degree. Se evaluaron canales de corderos Churra Galega Bragançana y se cruzaron con Suffolk y Merino Precoz criados en tres sistemas de producción en el nordeste de Portugal. Los corderos machos presentaron el músculo longissimus más ancho (P < 0.05) y con menor (P < 0.05) espesor de grasa subcutánea que las hembras. Los corderos cruzados tuvieron mayores (P < 0.05) índices de compacidad y de proporciones de pierna y espalda que los Bragançanos. Los corderos cruzados Suffolk tuvieron menor proporción de grasa perirrenal que los Bragançanos y cruzados Merino. Los corderos machos tuvieron mayores (P < 0.05) proporciones de músculo, en casi todos los cortes, que las hembras. Se concluye que se pueden utilizar sementales Suffolk sobre ovejas Bragançanas para producir corderos con canales más magras, más compactas y con mejor distribución de la grasa, permitiendo sacrificios a pesos más elevados, especialmente en los sistemas de producción más intensivos. Las hembras deben ser sacrificadas con pesos más bajos para producir canales con el mismo estado de engrasamiento que los machos.