9 results on '"Nidhish Francis"'
Search Results
2. Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols from Pigmented Barley and Wheat
- Author
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Borkwei Ed Nignpense, Sajid Latif, Nidhish Francis, Christopher Blanchard, and Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Plant Science ,polyphenols ,pigmented cereals ,antioxidant ,gastrointestinal digestion ,bioaccessibility ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Microbiology ,Food Science - Abstract
Polyphenols in pigmented cereals are believed to enhance health outcomes through their antioxidant properties. This study aimed to characterise polyphenols from Hordeum vulgare (purple barley), Triticum turgidum (purple wheat) and Triticum aestivum (blue wheat) in order to evaluate their bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry coupled with an online 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) system was used to identify the polyphenols and quantify their relative antioxidant levels. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of the cereals allowed for the assessment of polyphenol bioaccessibility using benchtop assays. Between cereals, the bioaccessible phenolic content was similar following digestion, but the antioxidant activity was significantly different (purple barley > purple wheat > blue wheat; p < 0.01). Among the polyphenols identified, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were the least bioaccessible whereas flavones were the most bioaccessible after digestion. This study demonstrated that these pigmented cereal varieties are sources of bioaccessible polyphenols with antioxidant activity. These findings may aid in utilising these pigmented grains for the future design and development of novel functional food products with enhanced health properties.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Milk lactoferrin concentration of primiparous and multiparous sows during lactation
- Author
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Marefa Jahan, Bing Wang, and Nidhish Francis
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Bovine milk ,Litter Size ,Swine ,03 medical and health sciences ,fluids and secretions ,Animal science ,Pregnancy ,Lactation ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Mature milk ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Uv detector ,biology ,Lactoferrin ,Colostrum ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Diode array ,Breed ,Parity ,Milk ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food Science - Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), a sialylated iron-binding glycoprotein, has numerous vital physiological functions including immunomodulation and protection against a large group of microorganisms, improving neurodevelopment, health, growth performance, and milk production. Lactoferrin occurs in human milk at a higher concentration compared with bovine milk, but little information is available on LF concentrations in porcine milk and the effects of sow parity on milk LF concentration. The objective of this study was to quantify the LF concentration in porcine milk and to compare that concentration between gilts and sows during lactation. We also investigated the effect of genetic background and litter size of the female pig on the LF concentration of porcine milk. The milk from 30 gilts and 35 sows was collected at 3 stages of lactation, namely colostrum, transition, and mature milk. Standard and experimental samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography using a diode array UV detector. The following findings were reported: (1) porcine milk contained significant levels of LF with the highest concentration in colostrum, which decreased by ∼62% and ∼67% in transitional and mature milk, respectively; (2) mature gilt milk contained a 22% higher concentration of LF compared with sow milk, which was statistically significant; (3) breed line had an overall significant effect on the LF content of porcine milk; however, when the breed was considered, no significant difference was observed; and (4) LF concentration of porcine milk was not significantly influenced by the litter size. The presence of LF in a higher concentration in porcine milk suggests that LF is an important constituent of pig milk that might contribute to the optimum growth and development of piglets.
- Published
- 2020
4. Bioaccessibility and Bioactivity of Cereal Polyphenols: A Review
- Author
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Abishek B. Santhakumar, Nidhish Francis, Christopher Blanchard, and Borkwei Ed Nignpense
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Health (social science) ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,Review ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Microbiology ,cereal polyphenols ,intestinal barrier function ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,medicine ,microbiota ,oxidative stress ,Food science ,Microbiome ,Barrier function ,Gastrointestinal tract ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Chemistry ,Chemical technology ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,Intestinal epithelium ,Small intestine ,bioaccessibility ,Bioavailability ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Polyphenol ,inflammation ,bioavailability ,Food Science - Abstract
Cereal bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, are known to possess a wide range of disease preventive properties that are attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, due to their low plasma concentrations after oral intake, there is controversy regarding their therapeutic benefits in vivo. Within the gastrointestinal tract, some cereal polyphenols are absorbed in the small intestine, with the majority accumulating and metabolised by the colonic microbiota. Chemical and enzymatic processes occurring during gastrointestinal digestion modulate the bioactivity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds. The interactions between the cereal polyphenols and the intestinal epithelium allow the modulation of intestinal barrier function through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and mucin production thereby improving intestinal health. The intestinal microbiota is believed to have a reciprocal interaction with polyphenols, wherein the microbiome produces bioactive and bioaccessible phenolic metabolites and the phenolic compound, in turn, modifies the microbiome composition favourably. Thus, the microbiome presents a key link between polyphenol consumption and the health benefits observed in metabolic conditions in numerous studies. This review will explore the therapeutic value of cereal polyphenols in conjunction with their bioaccessibility, impact on intestinal barrier function and interaction with the microbiome coupled with plasma anti-inflammatory effects.
- Published
- 2021
5. The impact of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of purple rice phenolic compounds
- Author
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Borkwei Ed Nignpense, Sajid Latif, Nidhish Francis, Christopher Blanchard, and Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar
- Subjects
Biochemistry ,Food Science - Published
- 2022
6. The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts
- Author
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Nidhish Francis, Nancy Saji, Abishek B. Santhakumar, Christopher Blanchard, and Lachlan J. Schwarz
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Health (social science) ,Antioxidant ,antioxidant ,Lipopolysaccharide ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Inflammation ,Plant Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Microbiology ,Anti-inflammatory ,Article ,Nitric oxide ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,medicine ,oxidative stress ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,polyphenols ,030304 developmental biology ,anti-inflammatory ,rice bran ,0303 health sciences ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Malondialdehyde ,040401 food science ,Biochemistry ,inflammation ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,medicine.symptom ,Oxidative stress ,Food Science - Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be linked to the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Dietary polyphenols have been demonstrated to contain potent bioactivity against specific inflammatory pathways. Rice bran (RB), a by-product generated during the rice milling process, is normally used in animal feed or discarded due to its rancidity. However, RB is known to be abundant in bioactive polyphenols including phenolic acids. This study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RB phenolic extracts (25, 50, 100, and 250 µ, g/mL) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells stimulated with hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation such as malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-&alpha, (TNF-&alpha, ), interleukin-12, p70 (IL-12p70), and interferon-&gamma, (IFN-&gamma, ) were measured in vitro. Treatment with RB extracts significantly decreased the production of MDA, intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12p70, and IFN-&gamma, ) when compared to the control. It is proposed that RB phenolic extracts, via their metal chelating properties and free radical scavenging activity, target pathways of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in the alleviation of vascular inflammatory mediators.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts Modulate Insulin Secretion and Gene Expression Associated with β-Cell Function
- Author
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Lachlan J. Schwarz, Abishek B. Santhakumar, Nancy Saji, Christopher Blanchard, and Nidhish Francis
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0301 basic medicine ,Dietary Fiber ,insulin secretion ,endocrine system diseases ,β-cell function ,Cell Survival ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gene Expression ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Pharmacology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phenols ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Free-radical theory of aging ,rice bran ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Chemistry ,Sirtuin 1 ,Effector ,Plant Extracts ,Oryza ,TFAM ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,PDX1 ,GLUT2 ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,phenolic extracts ,Food Science - Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to modulate insulin secretion and initiate gene alterations resulting in impairment of &beta, cell function and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rice bran (RB) phenolic extracts contain bioactive properties that may target metabolic pathways associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study aimed to examine the effect of stabilized RB phenolic extracts on the expression of genes associated with &beta, cell function such as glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), and insulin 1 (Ins1) in addition to evaluating its impact on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was observed that treatment with different concentrations of RB phenolic extracts (25-250 µ, g/mL) significantly increased the expression of Glut2, Pdx1, Sirt1, Tfam, and Ins1 genes and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under both normal and high glucose conditions. RB phenolic extracts favourably modulated the expression of genes involved in &beta, cell dysfunction and insulin secretion via several mechanisms such as synergistic action of polyphenols targeting signalling molecules, decreasing free radical damage by its antioxidant activity, and stimulation of effectors or survival factors of insulin secretion.
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- 2020
8. Rice Bran Derived Bioactive Compounds Modulate Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review
- Author
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Lachlan J. Schwarz, Nancy Saji, Nidhish Francis, Christopher Blanchard, and Abishek B. Santhakumar
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0301 basic medicine ,Dietary Fiber ,type 2 diabetes mellitus ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Disease ,Review ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,cardiovascular disease ,Functional Food ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Dietary supplementation ,rice bran ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,bioactive compounds ,Bran ,business.industry ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,food and beverages ,Polyphenols ,Oryza ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,business ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Oxidative stress ,Food Science - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two chronic diseases that have claimed more lives globally than any other disease. Dietary supplementation of functional foods containing bioactive compounds is recognised to result in improvements in free-radical-mediated oxidative stress. Emerging evidence indicates that bioactive compounds derived from rice bran (RB) have therapeutic potential against cellular oxidative stress. This review aims to describe the mechanistic pathways behind CVD and T2DM development and the therapeutic potential of polyphenols derived from RB against these chronic diseases.
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- 2019
9. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of chickpea hull phenolic extracts
- Author
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Nidhish Francis, Abishek B. Santhakumar, Christopher Blanchard, and Raiyan Mahbub
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,Lipopolysaccharide ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Inflammation ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Anti-inflammatory ,Nitric oxide ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Glutathione peroxidase ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,Catalase ,biology.protein ,medicine.symptom ,Oxidative stress ,Food Science - Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are the primary underlying causes of several chronic inflammatory diseases. Dietary polyphenols have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. This study aims to determine if chickpea hull phenolic extracts (CHPE) can modulate biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Cells were pre-treated with varying concentrations of CHPE (20, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg/mL) before inducing inflammatory conditions using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of CHPE was determined by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of inflammatory mediators. CHPE pre-treatment significantly increased the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Pre-treatment with CHPE also significantly reduced the production of inflammatory markers such as nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results obtained from this study suggest that CHPE may alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating pro-inflammatory markers and antioxidant enzymes associated with chronic inflammation.
- Published
- 2021
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