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The Newspaper section, Part 1 of the proceedings contains the following selected papers: "Gatekeeping and the Editorial Cartoon: A Case Study of the 2000 Presidential Campaign Cartoons" (Jennifer M. Proffitt); "Campaign Contributions: Online Newspapers Go Beyond Shovelware in Covering Election 2000" (Jane B. Singer); "At Play in the Field of the Word: A Content Analysis of the Coverage of Women's Sports in Selected San Francisco Bay Area Newspapers" (Greg Mellen and Patricia Colemen); "An Explorative Study on the Market Relationship Between Online and Print Newspapers" (Hsiang Iris Chyi and Dominic L. Lasorsa); "Official Sources, Embedded Perspective and News Frameworks: How Two Korean Newspapers Covered a Public Health Crisis" (Robert A. Logan, Jaeyung Park, and Jae-Hwa Shin);"Numbers in the News: A Mathematics Audit of a Daily Newspaper" (Scott R. Maier); "Newsroom Numeracy: A Case Study of Mathematical Competence and Confidence" (Scott R. Maier); "Social Construction of Depression in Newspaper Frames" (Cynthia-Lou Coleman and Jessica A. Corbitt); "'Still Shocking, But No Longer Surprising': The Anomaly Paradox in Newspaper Coverage of the 1997-1998 School Shootings" (Russell Frank); "Creating New Value for Copy Editing Instruction in the Curriculum and the University" (Ann E. Auman, Frank E. Fee, Jr., and John T. Russial); "Back to the Future? Teaching Copy Editing Skills in Changing Times" (Frank Fee, John Russial, and Ann Auman); "Convenient Excuses? Jobs, Classes, and Misconceptions Limit JMC Students' Involvement in Major" (Betsy Alderman and Fred Fedler); "The Aesthetics of Work: A Case Study on How Faculty and Students Negotiate Quality in the Newsroom" (Beverly Horvit); "Newspapers in the Age of the Internet: Adding Interactivity to Objectivity" (John L. "Jack" Morris); "Connecting with the New Culture: Trade-Press Readership among Copy Editors and Their Supervisors" (Frannk E. Fee, Jr.); A Comparative Analysis of On-line versus Print Media: Readability and Content Difference of Business News" (Jaemin Jung and Samsup Jo); "Copy Flow at Small Newspapers: Lessons for Metros Seeking Change?" (Judy Gibbs Robinson); and "The Scope and Nature of Newspaper in Education Programs: A National Survey" (Patrick C. Meirick and Daniel J. Sullivan). (RS)

The Miscellaneous section of the proceedings contains the following papers: "Hype versus Substance in the Final Weeks of the Broadcast Television Networks' 2000 Presidential Election Campaign Coverage" (Julia R. Fox and James Angelini); "Commercial Quality Influence on Perceptions of Television News" (Stephen Perry, Dana Trunnell; Chris Moore, and Cori Ellis) "To Be on TV or To Be a TV Journalist: Students' and Professionals' Perceptions of the Role of Journalism in Society" (Ron F. Smith and George Bagley); "Network Television Coverage of the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Boycotts: A Content Analysis of the Evening News on ABC, CBS, and NBC" (Anthony Moretti); "Gatekeeping International News: An Attitudinal Profile of U.S. Television Journalists" (Hun Shik Kim); "A Content Analysis of Television News Magazines: Commodification and Public Interest" (Kuo-Feng Tseng); "Agenda Setting and Its Theoretical Elaboration" (Namkee Park); "National News Cultures: Towards a Profile of Journalists Using Cross-National Survey Findings" (Mark Deuze); and "Civic Journalism in the 2000 U.S. Senate Race in Virginia" (David Kennamer and Jeff South). (RS)

The Magazine section of the proceedings contains the following 4 selected papers: "Racial Cover-Up, 1996-2000: Who Is the Face on Today's Fashion Magazine?" (Lindsey Kressin); "Reporter at Large: Morris Markey's Literary Journalism in 'The New Yorker'" (Les Sillars); "Art, Ideology and Americanisation in Post-War Dutch Journalism" (Hans Renders); and "Union Magazines' Coverage of the NAFTA Controversy before Congressional Approval" (Eric Freedman). (RS)

The Communication Theory and Methodology section of the proceedings contains the following 12 selected papers: "Innovativeness and Perceptions of Faculty Innovation Champions on the Diffusion of World Wide Web Course Features" (Patrick J. Sutherland); "A Communication 'Mr. Fit'? Living with No Significant Difference" (Fiona Chew, Sushma Palmer, and Kalyani Subbiah); "How Does Political Commentary Shape Perceptions of Political Candidates? A Quasi-Experimental Investigation of the 2000 Vice-Presidential Debate" (Fang Wan, Patrick Meirick, Alina Oxendine, and Justin Holmes); "Building a Health Promotion Agenda in Local Newspapers: Community Structural Pluralism and News about Breast Cancer" (Beverly Martinson and Douglas Blanks Hindman); "Assessing the Impact of Recession News: A Time-Series Analysis of Economic Communication in Japan, 1988-1999" (H. Denis Wu, Michael W. McCracken, and Shinichi Saito); "Counteracting the Biasing Effect of Unrepresentative Exemplification on News Readers' Issue Perception" (Hao-Chieh Chang); "'You're No Jack Kennedy!' The Influence of Post-Debate Commentary on Candidate Evaluations" (Jennifer L. Williams and Christina L. Fiebich); "Use of Online News Sites: Development of Habit and Automatic Procedural Processing" (Maria E. Len-Rios and Clyde H. Bentley); "Presidential Agenda Setting: A Pilot Study on the Weekly Radio Addresses and Media Coverage of Foreign Policy" (Beverly Horvit); "Teens as the Vulnerable Surfers: The Third-Person Perception and Commercial Web Sites Censorship" (Seounmi Youn, Fang Wan, and Ronald J. Faber);"Applying the Health Belief Model To Promote Healthy Lifestyles via Television in Poland" (Fiona Chew, Sushma Palmer, Zofia Slonska, and Kalyani Subbiah); and "Global Triadization: A Theoretical Framework for Global Communication Research" (Shelton A. Gunaratne). (RS)

The Advertising section of the proceedings contains the following 14 selected papers: "Preparing the Entry-level Advertising Portfolio: Pointing Creative Students in the Right Direction" (Sheri J. Broyles); "Effects of Issue Ads on Candidate Evaluation and Voting Preference: Does Sponsorship Matter?" (Fuyuan Shen and H. Denis Wu); "Selling the Estate: An Analysis of Advertising Slogans for News Organizations" (Salma I. Ghanem and Jacqueline S. Nirenberg); "Effectiveness of Humorous versus Non-Humorous Commercials in Happy versus Sad Program Environments" (Manish Gupta, Ginger Park, Christie Vanover, and Lori Bergen); "Re-Inventing 'Tricky Dick': The Selling of Richard M. Nixon in 1968" (Melissa McElroy); "Actions Not Words: What the Handling of Cross-Border Advertising Disputes Tells Us about the Interests Shaping Advertising in the European Union" (Anne Cunningham); "An Exploratory Study: The Information Content of Deceptive Infomercials" (Jan LeBlanc Wicks and Ron Warren); "How Ads Work: Identifying Psychological Mechanisms That Make Emotional and Rational Appeals Successful" (Cynthia M. Frisby); "Balance Theory and Advertising: A History, Review and Critical Perspective" (Don Umphrey); "Seniors' Perceptions of Seniors in Magazine Advertisements: A Q Analysis" (Tom Robinson, Mark Popovich, Robert Gustafson, and Cliff Fraser); "Perceived Risk and Risk Relievers in Online Auctions" (Hanjun Ko); "Optimal Aad-Ab-PI Measures in the Journal of Advertising: 1991 through 2000" (ChongMoo Woo); "Emotional vs. Cognitive Purchase-Decision Involvement: Comparisons of Brand Name and Product-Feature Decisions" (Jooyoung Kim); and "Characteristics of Shoppers: Television; Catalog/Direct Mail/Department Store; Internet Shoppers" (Mira Lee and William D. Wells). (RS)

The Public Relations section of the proceedings contains the following 11 selected papers: "If We Build It, Will They Come? Testing the Theory of Planned Behavior as a Predictive Model for Use in Determining How Career Counseling Centers Can Better Promote Their Facilities and Services" (Carolyn Ringer Lepre); "Student Preferences for University Recruiting Brochure Designs" (Ann Befort and Roger C. Saathoff); "Investigating Corporate Social Responsibility: A Content Analysis of Top Chinese Corporate Web Pages" (Shu Peng); "The Effect of the World Wide Web on Relationship Building" (Samsup Jo, Yungwook Kim, and Jaemin Jung); "Media Coverage of Risk Events: A Framing Comparison of Two Fatal Manufacturing Accidents" (Michael J. Palenchar); "Public Relations Worldview and Conflict Levels in the Client-Agency Relationship" (Youngmin Yoon); "Company Affiliation and Communicative Ability: How Perceived Organizational Ties Influence Source Persuasiveness in a Company-Negative News Environment" (Coy Callison and Dolf Zillmann); "Public Relations Excellence in Alliances and Coalitions: An International Perspective" (Mark A. Van Dyke); "Framing Effects of Genetically Engineered Food Labels n the Consumers' Attitudes toward Genetically Engineered Foods" (Hyun Soon Park and Sun Young Lee); "Co-Acculturation in a Korean Manufacturing Plant in Mexico" (Glen M. Broom, Suman Lee, and Woo-Hyun Won); and "Gender Discrepancies in a Gendered Profession: A Developing Theory for Public Relations" (Linda Aldoory and Elizabeth Toth). (RS)

The International Communication section of the proceedings contains the following 15 selected papers: "'News Aid', the New Aid: A Case Study of Cambodia" (J. L. Clarke); "Development of Public and Private Broadcasting in Post-Communist Estonia: 1991-1996" (Max V. Grubb); "Revealing and Repenting South Korea's Vietnam Massacre: A Frame Analysis of a Korean News Weekly's Engagement in Public Deliberation" (Nam-Doo Kim); "Echoes in Cyberspace: Searching for Civic-Minded Participation in the Online Forums of 'BBC MUNDO,''Chosun Ilbo,' and 'The New York Times'" (Maria E. Len-Rios, Jaeyung Park, and Dharma Adhikari); "Going Global: Choosing the Newspapers We'll Need To Read in the Digital Age" (Richard R. Gross); "The Private and Government Sides of Tanzanian Journalists" (Jyotika Ramaprasad); "Readers' Grievance Columns as Aids in the Development of India" (David W. Bulla); "Supreme Court Obscenity Decisions in Japan and the United States: Cultural Values in the Interpretation of Free Speech" (Yuri Obata and Robert Trager); "Redefining Local News: How Daily Newspapers Reflect Their Communities' International Connections" (Beverly Horvit); "Rooted in Nations, Blossoming in Globalization? A Fresh Look at the Discourse of an Alternative News Agency in the Age of Interdependence" (Jennifer Rauch); "The Death of Diana: A Multi-Nation Study of News Values and Practices" (Anne Cooper-Chen, Margie Comrie, Tsutomu Kanayama, and Kaarle Nordenstreng); "Freedom of the Press: A World System Perspective" (Shelton A. Gunaratne); "Criss-Crossing Perspectives: Assessing Press Freedom and Press Responsibility in Germany and the United States" (Horst Pottker and Kenneth Starck); "The Shrinking World of Network News" (Daniel Riffe and Arianne Budianto); and "Revising the 'Determinants of International News Coverage in the U.S. Media': A Replication and Expansion of the 1987 Research on How the U.S. News Media Cover World Events" (Kuang-Kuo Chang and Tien-tsung Lee). (RS)

The Mass Communication and Society Division section of the proceedings contains the following 12 papers: "Retreads: Recycling American Prime Time Television for Fun and Profit" (Chad Dell); "Partisan and Structural Balance of Election Stories on the 1998 Governor's Race in Michigan" (Frederick Fico and William Cote); "Newspaper Letters and Phone-Mail to the Editor: A Comparison of Reader Input" (Michael E. Dupre and David A. Mackey); "Economic Literacy and News Interest" (Lowndes F. Stephens); "Treating the Y2K Bug: Knowledge Gap Factors That Shaped the Outcome of a Public Issue" (Francesca R. Dillman Carpentier); "A Framing Analysis: How Did Three U.S. News Magazines Frame about Mergers or Acquisitions?" (Sang Hee Kweon); "Thinking about Health: The Relationship of Mass Media and Cognition to Perceptions of Children's Health" (Bryan H. Reber); "The Effects of News Stories That Put Crime and Violence into Context: Testing the Public Health Model of Reporting" (Renita Coleman and Esther Thorson); "Political Talk--Not All 'Hot Air': A Path Model Predicting Knowledge, Cynicism & Vote in an Issue Campaign" (Glenn Leshner and Maria E. Len-Rios); "An 'Improbable Leap'": A Content Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Hillary Clinton's Transition from First Lady to Senate Candidate" (Erica Scharrer); "The Impact of Political Advertising: Differences Between Positive Ads and Issue, Image and Mixed Attacks" (Sung Wook Shim); and "Pleasure, Reality, and Hegemony: A Television Drama and Women in a Korean Confucian Patriarchal Family Structure" (Oh-Hyeon Lee). (RS)

The Communication Theory and Method Division section of the proceedings contains the following 16 papers: "Profiling TV Ratings Users: Content-Based Advisories and Their Adoption" (Robert Abelman and David Atkin); "It's All About the Information: Salience Effects on the Perceptions of News Exemplification" (Francesca R. Dillman Carpentier, Hong-Sik Yu and Coy Callison); "Conceptualizing and Testing the Construct 'Impactiveness': Analyzing the Effect of Visual Stimuli Eliciting Eye-Fixations, Orienting Responses and Memory-Stored Images on Ad Recall" (Fiona Chew and Jay Sethuraman); "Issues in Qualification of Electronic Internet-Based Sources for Academic and Business Historical Research" (Alexander Gorelik and Jodie Peeler); "An Effect Model of Political News and Political Advertising: The 1996 Presidential Election" (Mahmoud A. M. Braima, Thomas J. Johnson and Jayanthi Sothirajah); "Press-State Relations: A Critical Reappraisal" (Hong-Won Park); "The Ideological Dimensions of Stereotyping in the Media: Toward a Conceptual Clarification" (Rick Clifton Moore); "Modeling Information Seeking, Exposure and Attention in an Expanded Theory of Reasoned Action" (Craig W. Trumbo); "Support of the Film Industries in France and Italy in the Late 1990s" (Joseph D. Denny); "The Theory Is the Press: A View of the Press as Developer of Informal Theory" (Robert Pennington); "Media Influences on Voter Learning, Cynicism, and the Vote in an Off-Year Issue Election" (Glenn Leshner and Maria E. Len-Rios); "Political Distance and Message Desirability: Three Studies of Political Advertising and the Third-Person Effect" (Patrick Meirick); "Substantive and Affective Attributes on the Corporate Merger Agenda: An Examination of Second-Level Agenda-Setting Effects" (Joon-Soo Lim); "Optimistic Bias and the Third-Person Effect: Public Estimations of Y2K Effects on Self and Others" (Michael B. Salwen and Michel Dupagne); "Effects of Communication on Economic and Political Development: A Time Series Analysis" (Kim A. Smith); and "Internet Use and Media Preferences of College Students" (Bonnie Bressers and Lori Bergen). (RS)

The Miscellaneous section of the proceedings contains the following four papers from the Media and Disability Interest Group, Public Relations Division, and the Visual Communication Division: "Technology and the Knowledge Gap: Two Barriers to Distance Education for the Person with a Disability" (Jeffrey Alan John); "Hoddle's Twaddle: Defining Disability through British Sports Coverage" (Beth A. Haller and Sue Ralph); Mythic Battle: Examining the Lawyer-Public Relations Counselor Dynamic" (Bryan H. Reber, Fritz Cropp, and Glen T. Cameron); and "John-John's Salute: How a Photographic Icon Influenced Journalistic Construction of Reality" (Meg Spratt). (RS)

The Graduate Education Interest Group section of the proceedings contains the following five papers: "The Press, President, and Presidential Popularity During Ronald Reagan's War on Drugs" (Hyo-Seong Lee); "Malaysia's Broadcasting Industry in Transition: Effect of New Competitions on Traditional Television Channels" (Tee-Tuan Foo); "The Transparency of Culture and Politics in Economic Discourse" (Jennie Rupertus); "Convergence of the Internet Websites by Newspaper, Broadcast, and Internet News Organizations" (Sang Hee Kweon); and "The Impact and Relationship of Policy and Competition on the Program Diversity in Cable TV" (Seung Kwan Ryu). (RS)

The Cultural and Critical Studies Division section of the proceedings contains the following 11 papers: "'Grimm' News Indeed--'Madstones,' Clever Toads, and Killer Tarantulas: Fairy-Tale Briefs in Wild West Newspapers" (Paulette Kilmer); "The First Amendment and the Doctrine of Corporate Personhood: Collapsing the Press-Corporation Distinction" (David S. Allen); "This Mythical Place, 'El Pais de Las Mujeres': Representing Women in a Venezuelan Telenovela" (Carolina Acosta-Alzuru); "Politics, the Emergence of Entertainment Journalism, and the Battle for Headlines: President Clinton and the 1994-1995 Baseball Strike" (Robert Trumpbour); "Polysemy, Resistance, and Hegemony: An Audience Research of a Korean Prime-Time Drama" (Oh-Hyeon Lee); "Cyberspace: The New Disney Universe" (Jeffrey Layne Blevins); "Examining the Problematic of 'Auteur' Theory: The Case of David E. Kelley and 'Picket Fences'" (Karen E. Kline); "The 'Forgotten' 1918 Influenza Epidemic and Press Portrayal of Public Anxiety" (Janice Hume); "Myth of the Southern Box Office: Lining Domestic Coffers with Global Prejudices" (Elaine Walls Reed); "Ideology and Race in California: The 'New York Times' Coverage of Proposition 187" (Christopher Williams); and "Capote's Legacy: The Challenge of Creativity and Credibility in Literary Journalism" (Mark H. Masse). (RS)

The Communication Technology and Policy Division section of the proceedings contains the following 13 papers: "Reconceptualizing the Public Sphere: The Differential Role of Media Systems In Enabling Political Elites to set the Public Agenda" (Johnette Hawkins McCrery and John E. Newhagen); "Realizing the Potential Marketplace of Ideas: Utilizing the First Amendment to Advance Universal Service & Access to the Internet" (Justin Brown); "New Hope or Old Power: New Communication, Pornography and the Internet" (Don Heider and Dustin Harp); "Wanted: Your News Photo: Police Claims of Fair Use and the Protection of Digital Photos" (Victoria Smith Ekstrand); "Opinions Online: The Extension of Computer-Mediated Communication for Survey Research in Research Organizations" (Kelli S. Burns);"Broadcast Policy Research of Japan: A Historical Overview" (Tsutomu Kanayama); "Global 500 Companies' Outreach to Worldwide Consumers Online: A Content Analysis of Corporate Web Sites to Evaluate Organizational and Intercultural Communications" (Vandana Vijayasri); "Internet Uses and Gratifications: An Online Survey of Bulgarians at Home and Abroad" (Daniela V. Dimitrova); "What Is Interactivity and What Does It Do?" (Sally J. McMillan); "Information Source Use and Dependencies for Investment Decision-Making" (Oi-yu Chung and Lulu Rodriguez); "Interactivity: A New Approach" (Jae-Shin Lee); "Predicting Online Use Activity Via Motives, Innovative Traits and News Media Use" (Carolyn A. Lin); and "North Korea and the Internet" (Jung-Yul Cho). (RS)

The International Communication Division section of the proceedings contains the following 21 papers: "The European Press and the Euro: Media Agenda-Setting in a Cross-National Environment" (Olaf Werder); "Factors Affecting the Internet Adoption by Thai Journalists: A Diffusion of Innovation Study" (Anucha Thirakanont and Thomas Johnson); "Linkages of International and Local News" (Gene Burd); "The Absence of Fairness in Two Philippine Newspapers" (Geri M. Alumit); "From Globalization to Localization: World's Leading Television News Broadcasters in Asia" (Yu-li Chang); "News Media Representation of the Yanomami Indians as a Reflection of the Ideal Audience" (Tania H. Cantrell); "Locating Asian Values in Asian Journalism: A Content Analysis of Web Newspapers" (Brian L. Massey and Arthur Chang); "Communicative Distance and Media Stereotyping in an International Context" (Deepak Prem Subramony); "The Relevance of Mass Communication Research in a Global Era: Localization Strategies of International Companies Entering India" (Geetika Pathania Jain); "Economic News: What's the Deal? Dutch Audience's Use and Interpretation of Economic Television and Print News" (Florann Arts); "Prospects and Limitations of World System Theory for Media Analysis: The Case of Middle East and North Africa" (Shelton A. Gunaratne); "The Image of Muslims as Terrorists in Major U.S. Newspapers" (Natalya Chernyshova); "Media Literacy and India's Ramayan in Nepal: Are TV Aesthetics Universal or Culture-Bound?" (Elizabeth Burch); "Between the Government and the Press: The Role of Western Correspondents and Government Public Relations in Reporting on the Middle East" (Mohammed el-Nawawy and James D. Kelly); "A Talking Nation, Not a Talking Individual: A New Order in Tanzania?" (Jyotika Ramaprasad); "McQuail's Media Performance Analysis and Post-Communist Broadcast Media: A Case Study of Broadcasting in Estonia" (Max V. Grubb); "Sovereignty, Alliance and Press-Government Relationship: A Comparative Analysis of Japanese and U.S. Coverage of Okinawa" (Mariko Oshiro and Tsan-Kuo Chang); "Government, Press and Advertising Revenue: Impact of the 27 October, 1987 Suspension of 'The Star's' License to Publish on 'The Star' and the Competing 'New Straits Times'" (Tee-Tuan Foo); "The Post-Cold War Bulgarian Media: Free and Independent at Last?" (Robyn S. Goodman); "Korean Environmental Journalists: How They Perceived A New Journalistic Role" (Jaeyung Park and Robert A. Logan); and "Manufacturing Consent of 'Crisis': A Content Analysis of the 'New York Times' Reporting on the Issue of North Korean Nuclear Weapon" (Oh-Hyeon Lee). (RS)

The Newspaper, Part 1 section of the Proceedings contains the following 10 papers: "Local News Coverage Strategies in a Three-Way Daily Newspaper Competitive Market" (Patsy G. Watkins); "Enterprise and Investigative Reporting at Ohio Metropolitan Newspapers in 1980 and in 1995" (Joseph Bernt and Marilyn Greenwald); "The Great Home Run Race of 1998 in Black and White" (G. M. Bush); "Journalists' Perceptions of Online Information-Gathering Problems" (Bruce Garrison); "Analytical Journalism: Credibility of Computer-Assisted Reporting" (Justin Mayo and Glenn Leshner); "Journalists and Gender: An Analysis of 'The New York Times' Coverage of the 1996 U.S. Presidential Election" (Kimmerly S. Piper-Aiken); "The Quest for Credibility through the Public Dialogue in Correction Boxes, Letters to the Editor and Columns Written by Newspaper Ombudsmen" (Neil Nemeth and Craig Sanders); "The Metro Wide Web: How Newspapers' Gatekeeping Role Is Changing Online" (Jane B. Singer); "'You Had To Be There' (And They Weren't): The Problem with Reporter Reconstructions" (Russell Frank); and "'The New York Times' and 'The London Times' Cover War in Bosnia and Croatia, 1991 to 1995: Press Nationalism and U.S.-British Hegemony Over Bosnian Policy" (Lawrence A. [Luther] Di Giovanni). (RS)

The Communication Theory and Methodology section of the Proceedings contains the following 14 papers: "Press Releases and the 'Bscore': New Statistical Measurement Explored" (Lee Bollinger); "A Systematic Approach to Analyzing the Structure of News Texts" (Michael Schmierbach); "Setting the Proximity Frame: Distance as an Affective Attribute in Reporting Terrorism Events" (Kenneth C. Killebrew); "How Sexual Strategies Theory, Gender, and the Third-Person Effect, Explain Attitudes About Pornography" (Ven-hwei Lo and Anna Paddon); "Challenging the 'Mobilization Model' of Agenda Setting" (John Bentley Zibluk); "Impact of Question Order on the Third-Person Effect" (Michel Dupagne, Michael B. Salwen, and Bryant Paul); "Pleasant Company and the Construction of Girlhood: Cultural Studies Theory and Methodology, A Case Study" (Carolina Acosta-Alzuru); "Looking Beyond Job Approval: How Media Coverage of the Monica Lewinsky Scandal Influenced Public Opinion of the Presidency" (Spiro Kiousis); "The Presidential Candidates in Political Cartoons: A Reflection of Cultural Differences between the United States and Korea" (Jongmin Park and Sungwook Shim); "Sounds Exciting!!: The Effects of Auditory Complexity on Listeners' Attitudes and Memory for Radio Promotional Announcements" (Robert F. Potter and Coy Callison); "An Efficacy Model of Electoral Campaigns: The 1996 Presidential Election" (Mahmoud A. M. Braima, Thomas J. Johnson, and Jayanthi Sothirajah); "Don't Look At Me! Third-person Effect and Television Violence" (Lois A. Boynton and Haoming Denis Wu); "The Third-Person Effect and the Hierarchy of Communication Effects: The Perceived Persuasive Power of Public Relations" (Martin Eichholz); and "Re-Thinking the Role of Information in Diffusion Theory: An Historical Analysis with an Empirical Test" (Eric A. Abbott and J. Paul Yarbrough). (RS)

The Mass Communication and Society section of the Proceedings contains the following 17 papers: "Interactivity and the 'Cyber-Fan': Audience Involvement within the Electronic Fan Culture of the Internet" (Vic Costello); "A Reassessment of the Relationship between Public Affairs Media Use and Political Orientations" (Kim A. Smith); "Journalists and Their Computers: An Inseparable Link for the Future?" (Bruce Garrison); "Do You Admit or Deny? An Experiment in Public Perceptions of Politicians Accused of Scandal" (Patrick Meirick and Zixue Tai); "Drudging Up the News: 'The Drudge Report' and Its Use of Sources" (Scott Abel); "New Media, Old Values: What Online Newspaper Journalists Say Is Important to Them" (Ann M. Brill); "Migrant Workers: Myth or Reality? A Case Study of News Narrative in English-Language Thai Newspapers, 'The Nation' and 'Bangkok Post', during Asian Economic Crisis 1997" (Suda Ishida); "Differential Employment Rates in the Journalism and Mass Communication Labor Force Based on Gender, Race and Ethnicity: Exploring the Impact of Affirmative Action" (Lee B. Becker, Edmund Lauf, and Wilson Lowrey); "Is the Web Sexist? A Content Analysis of Children's Web Sites" (Linda Ver Steeg, Robert LaRose, and Lynn Rampoldi-Hnilo); "MPAA Film Ratings: Are They a Disservice to Parents?" (Ron Leone); "Using Is Believing: The Influence of Reliance on the Credibility of Online Political Information" (Thomas J. Johnson, and Barbara K. Kaye); "Autonomy in Journalism: How It Is Related to Attitudes and Behavior of Media Professionals" (Armin Scholl and Siegfried Weischenberg); "Screen Sex, 'Zine Sex, and Teen Sex: Do Television and Magazines Cultivate Adolescent Females' Sexual Attitudes?" (Michael J. Sutton, Jane D. Brown, and Karen M. Wilson); "Changes in Female Roles in Taiwanese Women's Magazines, 1971-1992" (Ping Shaw); "Public Trust or Mistrust?: Perceptions of Media Credibility in the Information Age" (Spiro Kiousis); "The Logic of the Link: The Associative Paradigm in Communication Criticism" (Dennis D. Cali); and "When Bad Things Happen to Bad People: Will Social Comparison Theory Explain Effects of Viewing TV Talk Shows?" (Cynthia M. Frisby). (RS)

The Public Relations section of the Proceedings contains the following 8 papers: "The Cultural Competence Spiral: An Assessment and Profile of U.S. Public Relations Practitioners' Preparation for International Assignments" (Alan R. Freitag); "Trust, Communication, and Quality Relationships in the Workplace: Comparing Views of CEOs and Top Communicators" (Dan Berkowitz and Peeraya Hanpongpandh); "Public Relations or Social Marketing: International Implications" (Terri Lynn Johnson); "An Innovative Look at Gender in Public Relations: Examining Relationships between Gender and Source Credibility in Employee Communication Messages and Media" (Donald K. Wright and Jill R. Haynes); "The World Wide Web, Online Resources and Public Relations Practitioners: What They Use and What They Recommend" (Michael Ryan); "Public Relations Management: A Multiple-Case Study in Media Management" (Kenneth D. Plowman); "The World Wide Web as a Communications Tool: PR Practitioner Perspectives" (Laura Newland Hill and Candace White); and "What Dimensions Constitute a Good Corporate Image in the Eyes of Chinese Educated Public" (Kaman Betty Lee). (RS)

The International Communication, Part 1 section of the Proceedings contains the following 9 papers: "Chilean Conversations: On-line Forum Participants Discuss the Detention of Augusto Pinochet" (Eliza Tanner); "Media of the World and World of the Media: A Crossnational Study of the Ranking of the 'Top 10 World Events' from 1988 to 1998" (Zixue Tai); "Is the System Down? The Internet and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)" (Dane S. Claussen); "Professionalism and African Values at 'The Daily Nation' in Kenya" (Carol Pauli); "Refining the Participatory Approach to Development Communication through the Public Relations Excellence Model" (Dan Berkowitz and Nancy Muturi); "National Interest and Coverage of U.S.-China Relations: A Content Analysis of 'The New York Times'&'People's Daily' 1987-1996" (Xigen Li); "Worthy Versus Unworthy Victims in Bosnia and Croatia, 1991 to 1995: Propaganda Model Application to War Coverage in Two Elite Newspapers" (Lawrence A. [Luther] Di Giovanni); "'Interactive' Online Journalism at English-Language Web Newspapers in Asia: A Dependency-Theory Analysis (Brian L. Massey and Mark R. Levy); and "Praising, Bashing, Passing: Newsmagazine Coverage of Japan, 1965-1994" (Anne Cooper-Chen). (RS)

The International Communication, Part 2 section of the Proceedings contains the following 8 papers: "Split Images: Arab and Asian Political Leaders' Portraits in Major U.S. News Magazines" (Hye-Kyeong Pae); "Public Relations Functions and Models: U.S. Practitioners in International Assignments" (Alan R. Freitag); "The Influence of Ideological Perspective on Three North American Chinese-Language Newspapers' Framing of China's Resumption of Sovereignty Over Hong Kong" (Jui-Yun Kao and William A. Tillinghast); "'This Game Is Brought to You Commercial-Free': A Comparative Analysis of World Cup Soccer Television Coverage in Germany and the U.S." (Christian Kaschuba); "Front Pages of Taiwan Daily Newspapers 1952-1996" (Ven-hwei Lo, Anna Paddon, and Hsiaomei Wu); "Problematizing Comparative Studies, Institutional Research Environment and Feminist Perspectives in Japanese Television Drama Discourse" (Eva Tsai); "Transnational Journalism and the Story of Aids/HIV: A Content Analysis of Wire Service Coverage" (Nilanjana R. Bardhan); and "Giving Peace a Chance? Agenda-Building Influence of Nobel Peace Prize Announcements in U.S. Newsmagazines, 1990-1997" (Michelle M. Tedford). (RS)

The Advertising, Part 2 section of the Proceedings contains the following 8 papers: "Made in Taiwan and the U.S.A.: A Study of Gender Roles in Two Nations' Magazine Advertisements" (Kim E. Karloff and Yi-ching Lee); "The Impact of Culture on Political Advertising: A Comparison between the U.S. and Korean Newspaper Ads" (Chun-Sik Kim and Yoo-Kyoung Kim); "A Content Analysis of Internet Banner Advertising: Focusing on Korean and U.S. Cultural Differences" (Hwi-Man Chung and Euijin Ahn); "Sneak Attack: Exploring the Effects of Nike and Reebok Sponsorship on Two College Athletic Programs" (Jan S. Slater and Carla V. Lloyd); "Qualitative Evaluation of Print Ads by Assessors Using the Creative Product Semantic Scale" (Alisa White Coleman and Bruce L. Smith); "A Study of the Facets of the 'Country-of-Origin' Image and Its Comparison among Different Countries" (Jang-Sun Hwang); "International Advertising Strategies in China--A Worldwide Survey of Foreign Advertisers" (Jiafei Yin); and "Does Reputation Management Reap Rewards? A Path Analysis of Corporate Reputation Advertising's Impacts on Brand Attitudes and Purchase Decisions" (Jongmin Park, Lisa Lyon, and Glen T. Cameron). (RS)

The Advertising, Part 1 section of the Proceedings contains the following 12 papers: "Incorporating a Promotional Products Teaching Component into the Advertising Campaigns Course: A Partnership Pilot Program" (Denise E. DeLorme); "Information Cues in Renmin Ribao Advertisements (1979-1998)" (Susanna W. Y. Kwok); "Impact of Soft-Money-Sponsored Issue Advocacy Advertising versus Candidate-Sponsored Positive and Negative Advertising: Influences on Candidate Preferences and Democratic Processes" (Michael Pfau, R. Lance Holbert, Erin Alison Szabo, and Kelly Kaminski); "The Emergence of Integrated Marketing Communications: A Theoretical Overview" (John M. McGrath); "Agency Concerns Over Newspaper Advertising" (Ann Maxwell and Wayne Wanta); "Does Good Work Pay Off? A Preliminary Study of Advertising Awards and Financial Growth" (Ann Maxwell, Charles Frazer, and Wayne Wanta); "Who We Are and What We Choose to Read: A Psychological Exploration of Media Use" (Fang Wan, Ken Doyle, and Mohan Jyoti Dutta); "Third-Person Perception, Message Type, Safer-Sex Campaigns, and Sexual Risk-Taking among Minority 'At-Risk' Youth" (John R. Chapin); "An Exploratory Study of the Synergy Among Ad Attention, Promotional Offers and the Use of Grocery Buyer Cards in Building Customer Loyalty" (Mary Alice Shaver, Hyun-Seung Jin, and Carol Pardun); "The Effect of Idiocentrism and Involvement on Attitude, Cognition and Behavioral Intention with Respect to AIDS Appeal Types" (Mohan Jyoti Dutta); "Recall, Liking and Creativity in TV Commercials: A New Approach" (Gerald Stone, Donna Besser, and Loran Lewis); and "The Presence of Nostalgia in Television Commercials" (Wendy Martin and Wei-Na Lee). (RS)

The Magazine and Visual Communication Divisions section of the Proceedings contains the following 8 papers: "Beefcake, Breadwinner, or Babysitter: A Content Analysis of Male Images in Female-Targeted Magazine Advertising, 1978-1998" (Mikalee Dahle and Jennifer Greer); "The Impact of Larry Flynt: An Overview of One Publisher's Legal Battles" (Amy M. Drittler); "Black in a Blonde World: Race and Girls' Interpretations of the Feminine Ideal in Teen Magazines" (Lisa Duke); "Charles Moore's 'Life' Magazine Coverage of the Civil Rights Movement, 1958-1965" (John Kaplan); "Out of Their Hands: Framing and its Impact on Newsmagazine Coverage of Indians and Indian Activism, 1968-79" (Jennifer Bowie); "Cuddly Bear and Vicious Ape: Soviets and Germans in Editorial Cartoons, 1933-1946" (Samuel P. Winch); "Visual Rhetoric: A Semiotic Evaluation of the Misrepresentation of a Subculture within the Myth of Lesbian Chic in Mainstream Advertising" (Susan Zavoina, Tom Reichert, and Kevin Maly); and "Readers' Perception of Digital Alteration and Truth-Value in Documentary Photographs" (Edgar Shaohua Huang). (RS)

The Communication Technology and Policy section of the Proceedings contains the following 15 papers: "The Virtual Sphere: The Internet as a Public Sphere" (Zizi Papacharissi); "Toward a Typology of Internet Users and Online Privacy Concerns" (Kim Bartel Sheehan); "Blind Spots of the Communications Decency Act Debate: A Critique of Jeffersonian Free Speech" (Misook Baek); "Telecommunications for Rural Community Development: The Effects of Community Projects on Attitudes and Adoption Among Community Members" (C. Ann Hollifield, Joseph Donnermeyer, Gwen Wolford, and Robert Agunga); "Broadening the Boundaries of Interactivity: A Concept Explication" (Spiro Kiousis); "Privacy, Security and Intellectual Property: Proprietary Interests Over the Internet" (Laurie Thomas Lee); "Examining Information Processing on the World Wide Web Using Think Aloud Protocols" (William P. Eveland, Jr. and Sharon Dunwoody); "An Online Study of the Uses and Gratifications of Internet Pornography" (Ryan J. Burns); "Free Air Time for Candidates: An Attempt to Improve Political Discourse" (Douglas Bailey); "Media Convergence on the Internet" (Mark Tremayne); "Credibility and Journalism on the Internet: How Online Newspapers Handle Errors and Corrections" (Berlinda Nadarajan and Penghwa Ang); "Tracing the Evolution of Interactive Media and Funding Models through the Trade Press" (Sally J. McMillan); "'Son of CDA (Communications Decency Act)': Will the Child Online Protection Act of 1998 Meet Constitutional Muster?" (Johanna M. Roodenburg); "Killing Physicians with Fighting Words: A Free-Speech Challenge to Internet Community Building" (Terry L. Wimmer); and "Japanese Television Broadcast Policy-Making Analysis: From Analog to Digital 1987-1997" (Tsutomu Kanayama). (RS)

The Miscellaneous section of the Proceedings contains the following 6 papers: "The Effect of Membership in the Society of Environmental Journalists on Inclusion of Enabling Information in Stories on Water Quality" (Michelle M. Tedford); "Press, Privacy and Presidential 'Proceedings': Moral Judgments and the Clinton-Lewinsky Affair" (Jennifer L. Lambe, Christina L. Fiebich, and Darcia Narvaez); "A Research Agenda for Establishing a Grounding for Journalistic Ethics" (Dan Shaver); "Framing an Environmental Controversy in India's English-Language Press: A Study of Text in Context" (Elizabeth Burch); "The Sources Iowans Trust: The Impact of Involvement on Credibility Perceptions and Channels Used for Environmental Issues" (Sunae Jo and Lulu Rodriguez); and "The Relationship of Risk Information Processing to Consideration of Behavioral Beliefs" (Robert J. Griffin, Kurt Neuwirth, James Giese, and Sharon Dunwoody). (RS)

The Newspaper section of the Proceedings contains the following 14 papers: "Caught in the Web: Newspaper Use of the Internet and Other Online Resources" (Bruce Garrison); "'Powerful' Attributive Verbs and 'Body Language' Statements Revisited" (Sherrie L. Wilson); "Community Journalism at Work: Newspapers Putting More Emphasis on Importance of Local News" (David Kaszuba and Bill Reader); "Local Press Coverage of Environmental Conflict: A Content Analysis of 'The Daily Review,' 1985-1994" (Claire E. Taylor, Jung-Sook Lee, and William R. Davie); "The Impact of Beat Competition on City Hall Coverage" (Stephen Lacy, David C. Coulson, and Charles St. Cyr); "Newspaper Coverage of Medicine: A Survey of Editors and Cardiac Surgeons" (Raymond N. Ankney, Richard A. Moore, and Patricia Heilmann); "Effect of Structural Pluralism and Corporate News Structure on News Source Perceptions of Critical Content" (David K. Demers and Debra L. Merskin); "Handling Hate: A Content Analysis of Washington State's Newspaper Coverage of Hate Crimes and White Supremacists" (Virginia Whitehouse); "Superstars or Second-Class Citizens? Management and Staffing Issues Affecting Newspapers' Online Journalists" (Jane B. Singer, Martha P. Tharp, and Amon Haruta); "50 Years Later: 'What It Means To Miss the Paper': Berelson, Dependency Theory, and Failed Newspaper Delivery" (Clyde Bentley); "Newspaper Omsbudsmanship as Viewed by Omsbudsmen and Their Editors" (Kenneth Starck and Julie Eisele); "Free Trade or Fair Trade?: The U.S. Auto Trade Policy and the Press" (Kuang-Kuo Chang); "Australian Newspaper Gatekeepers: Their Use of Readership Research" (Kerry Philip Green); and "Sources of the Decline in Newspaper Reading: Examining Long-Term Changes by Means of Nonlinear Trend Decomposition" (Wolfram Peiser). (CR)

The Commission on the Status of Women section of the Proceedings contains the following 12 papers: "Framing Women's Health with a Sense-making Approach: Magazine Coverage of Breast Cancer and Implants" (Julie L. Andsager and Angela Powers); "Gender Roles in 'Rumplestiltskin': The Effect of Fantasy Portrayals on Real-Life Attitudes" (Katja R. Pinkston); "Beyond Tokenism: Multicultural Communications Theory and Practice" (B. Carol Eaton); "Sexual Saints and Suffering Sinners: The Uneasy Feminism of The Masses, 1911-1917" (Carolyn Kitch); "Mary, Patricia, Maxine, and Cynthia: Tracing the Stories behind the First Rape Victim Identification Debates, from Columbia S.C. 1909 to the U.S. Supreme Court 1975" (Kim E. Karloff); "Women Correspondent Visibility 1983-1997" (Joe S. Foote);"Listen Up: A Comparison of Male and Female Opinion on the Issue of Family Values" (Myra Gregory Knight); "News of 'Kiddie Killings': Feminist Theories of News Coverage and Violence" (Mia Consalvo); "Media Coverage of Women's Sports: Perspectives of Female Journalists and Athletes in the United States and Norway" (Bente Bjornsen); "Suffocating Jezebel, Sapphire and Mammy: Persistent Cross-Media Stereotypes of African-American Women in Waiting to Exhale'" (E-K. Daufin); "Gender, Beauty, and Western Influence: Negotiated Femininity in Japanese Women's Magazines" (Fabienne Darling-Wolf); and "Gender Differences in the Perceptions of Television News Anchors' Career Barriers" (Erika Engstrom and Anthony J. Ferri). (PA)

The Radio-TV section of the Proceedings contains the following 13 papers: "Computer-Assisted Reporting: A Nationwide Survey of Television Newsrooms" (Sonya Forte Duhe' and Erin Haynie); "Network Television News Coverage of the Environment and the Impact of the Electronic Newsletter 'Greenwire'" (Claudette Guzan Artwick); "Managing Single-Market Radio Clusters" (Greg Stefaniak); "A Content Analysis of 'Dateline NBC' and 'NBC Nightly News': The Infiltration of the Youformation Story into News Magazines and Mainstream News" (Jeff Demas); "Priming Reporters: A Study on How the Willie Horton Case Altered the Portrayal of Criminals" (James Devitt); "Constructing International Spectacle on Television: CCTV News and China's Window on the World, 1992-1996" (Tsan-Kuo Chang and Chen Yanru);"Advertising's Influence on Broadcast News Content: A Study of Student Attitudes" (Hubert W. Brown and Beth E. Barnes); "Women in Television News Management: Do They Make a Difference?" (Laura K. Smith and John W. Wright II); "They'd Rather Be in Pictures, or Would They?: A Content Analysis of Video Bite Bias during TV Network News Coverage of the 1992 and 1996 Presidential Campaigns" (Jon A. Shidler, Dennis T. Lowry, and Charles Kingsley); "The Relationship of Affiliation Change to Changes in Television News Ratings" (Marianne Barrett); "Learned Helplessness in Local Television News: A 12 Year Update" (Grace Ferrari Levine); "Television News Stand-Up Reports: A Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Market Case Study" (Patrick J. Sutherland); and "Youth Voters in 1996: Searching for Political Information from Television News" (Karon R. Speckman). (PA)

The Visual Communication section of the Proceedings contains the following 12 papers: "The Limits of Copyright Protection for the Use of Visual Works in Motion Pictures, Print Media, and Pop Art in the 1990s" (Andy Bechtel and Arati Korwar); "Afterthoughts on the Representational Strategies of the FSA Documentary" (Edgar Shaohua Huang); "Design Characteristics of Public Journalism: Integrating Visual and Verbal Meaning" (Renita Coleman); "Visual Design for the World Wide Web: What Does the User Want?" (Deborah M. Gross); "Creating Visual Metaphor of the Internet" (Walter M. Bortz, William R. Davie, and Jung-Sook Lee); "Imperial Imaginary: Photography and the Invention of the British Raj" (Shakuntala Rao); "Influencing Creativity in Newsrooms: A Survey of Newspaper, Magazine, and Web Designers" (Renita Coleman and Jan Colbert); "Errors and Inaccuracies in Iowa's Local Newspaper Information Graphics" (Lulu Rodriguez); "Altered Plates: Photo Manipulation and the Search for News Value in the Early and Late Twentieth Century" (Wilson Lowrey); "The Development of Standard and Alternative Forms of Photojournalism" (Timothy Roy Gleason); "Perceptions of Graphics versus No Graphics on Web Sites" (Rebecca J. Chamberlin); and "Who Gets Named?: Nationality, Race and Gender in 'New York Times' Photograph Cutlines" (John Mark King). (PA)

The International--Part II section of the Proceedings contains the following 20 papers: "An Economic Imperative: Privatization as Reflected in Business Reporting in the Middle East. Egypt as a Case Study" (Leonard Ray Teel, Hussein Amin, Shirley Biagi, and Carolyn Crimmins); "Broadcasting in South Africa: The Politics of Educational Radio" (Paul R. van der Veur); "Why Beijingers Read Newspapers?" (Tao Sun, Xinshu Zhao, and Guoming Yu); "News about Korea and Japan in American Network Television Evening News: A Content Analysis of Coverage in 1996" (Jowon Park); "Political Parties and Changes in Taiwanese Electronic Media in the 1990s" (Wei-Kuo Lin); "State Control on Television News in Post-War Lebanon" (Marwan M. Kraidy); "American News Coverage of International Crisis Negotiations: Elite Sources of Media Framing and Effects on Public Opinion" (Dhavan V. Shah, Kent D. Kedl, and David P. Fan); "Press Finance and Economic Reform in China" (Huailin Chen and Chin-Chuan Lee); "Putting Okinawa on the Agenda: Applying Three Complementary Theories" (Beverly Horvit); "Western Press Coverage of the United Nations Operation in Somalia: A Comparison of Extra- and Intra-media Data Sources" (Anita Fleming-Rife); "Telling the Truth or Framing a Crisis?: Comparative Analysis of the 1994 North Korean Nuclear Threat as Portrayed in Two American and Two South Korean Newspapers" (Young Soo Shim); "Media, Democracy and Human Rights in Argentina" (Dave Park); "Bahamian TV Programming, 1977-1997: A Case Study of Cultural Proximity" (Juliette Storr); "The Price of Ignorance: How Correspondents' Language Skills Limit Their Work in Japan" (Beverly Horvit); "Michael Fay in 'Lash Land': A Case Study of Social Identity Construction in Foreign News Coverage" (Meredith Li-Vollmer); "Pleasure, Imperialism, and Marxist Political Economy: Exploring a Biological Base" (William Thomas Pritchard); "Media, Markets and Messages: Ghana's Radio Forced To Make Choices" (Janice Windborne); "Journalism under Fire: Reporting the El Mozote Massacre" (Kris Kodrich); "Telecommunications Policy Reform and the Legacy of the Indian Post-Colonial State" (Paula Chakravartty); and "Human Rights in China: A Pawn of a Political Agenda? A Content Analysis of 'The New York Times' (1987-1996)" (Xigen Li and Charles St. Cyr). (RS)

The International--Part I section of the Proceedings contains the following 20 papers: "Hollywood Attracts South Korean Capital" (Doobo Shim); "Worldview Differences of Natural Resources between Spain and Costa Rica: A Content Analysis of On-Line Newspapers" (Lorena Corbin); "Can the Leopard Change Its Spots: Parliamentarians' Attitudes about Press Freedom in Zambia" (Greg Pitts); "The Structure of International News Flow in Cyberspace: A Network Analysis of News Articles in 'Clarinet'" (Naewon Kang and Junho Choi); "Defining the Press Arbitration System: Its Impact on Press Freedom during the Sociopolitical Transition in South Korea" (Jae-Jin Lee); "Popular Literature and Gender Identities: An Analysis of Young Indian Women's Anxieties about Reading Western Romances" (Radhika E. Parameswaran); "Considering Alternative Models of Influence: Conceptualizing the Impact of Foreign TV in Malaysia" (Michael G. Elasmar and Kathleen Sim); "Fighting for New Export Markets: U.S. Agricultural Press Coverage of the Philippines Theater of the Spanish-American War (1898-1902)" (Dane Claussen); "Television News in a Transitional Media System: The Case of Taiwan" (Yu-li Chang and Daniel Riffe); "Korean Students' Use of Television: An Expectancy-Value Approach" (No-Kon Heo and Russell B. Williams); "South Asian Student Attitudes toward and Beliefs about Advertising: Measuring across Cultures" (Jyotika Ramaprasad and Michael L. Thurwanger); "The Role of Culture in International Advertising" (Niaz Ahmed); "Reporting under Civilian and Military Rulers in Africa: Journalists' Perceptions of Press Freedom and Media Exposure in Cameroon and Nigeria" (Festus Eribo and Enoh Tanjong); "Saudi Arabia's International Media Strategy: Influence through Multinational Ownership" (Douglas A. Boyd); "Factors Influencing Repatriation Intention, an Aspect of the Brain Drain Phenomenon" (Kingsley O. Harbor); "American Imperialist Zeal in the Periphery: The Rural Press Covers the Spanish-American War and the Annexation of the Philippines" (Dane Claussen and Richard Shafer); "A Content Analysis of 'The Jerusalem Post'--Bias in Syria-Related and Har Homa Articles" (Hala Habal); "Sources in 'New York Times'' Coverage of China before and after June 4th, 1989: A Content Analysis Focusing on Influence of Crisis Situation on Sourcing Patterns of US Media in World News Coverage" (Guoli Li); "Finnish Women and Political Knowledge: What Do They Know and How Do They Learn It?" (Helena K. Sarkio); and "Beyond Asian Values in Journalism: Towards Cultural Politics in the Asian Media Globalization" (Min Soo Kim). (RS)

The 16 papers in the second part of the Addenda to this proceedings are: (1) "Catching a Glimpse of Hegemony: The Covers of 'Life' Magazine during the Gulf War" (Brian B. Feeney); (2) "'Cohen v. San Bernardino Valley College': Employee Speech or Academic Freedom" (Nancy Whitmore); (3) "'New York Times'' Use of Symbolism in Foreign Conflict Reporting: The Case of the Eritrean War (1962-1991)" (Meseret Chekol); (4) "The Price of Iconoclasm: The Correspondence of E.W. Scripps and Frank Harris Blighton during Arizona's Pursuit of Statehood" (Michael S. Sweeney); (5) "Perceptions of Newspaper Bias in a Local Environmental Controversy" (Katherine A. McComas; Clifford W. Scherer; Cynthia Heffelfinger); (6) "Does Liberalization Lead to Greater Competition? The Case of Indian Telecommunications" (Kalyani Chadha); (7) "Effects of Citation in Exemplifying Testimony on Issue Perception" (Rhonda Gibson and Dolf Zillmann); (8) "My Brother's Keeper?: Publisher Liability and the Regulations of the Fair Housing Act on Discriminatory Housing Advertising" (Robert Meeds); (9) "How Objective Were the Broadcast Networks and CNN during the Persian Gulf Crisis?" (Robert A. Pyle and Robert E. Wicks); (10) "The Impact of Media Ownership--How Time and Warner's Merger Influences 'Time's' Content" (Tien-tsung Lee and Hsiao-Fang Hwang); (11) "Affirmative Action and Racial Identity in the O.J. Simpson Case" (Kimberly A. Neuendorf; David Atkin; Leo Jeffres; Alicia Williams; Theresa Loszak); (12) "Moving to the Center: Press Coverage of Candidates' Ideological Cleavage in a Campaign" (Tien-sung Lee and Anthony Y.H. Fung); (13) "A Limbo of Ambiguity: The Editorial Rights of State-Owned Licensees" (Laura E. Johnson; (14) "Magazines in Capitalist Russia: Impact of Political and Economic Transitions" (Leara Rhodes); (15) "The Gratifications of Pager Use: Fashion, Sociability and Entertainment" (Louis Leung and Ran Wei); and (16) "The Construction of the News: A Survey of the Italian Journalists" (Andreina Mandelli and Francesca Gardini). Contains references and endnotes. (NKA)

The 16 papers in the first section of the Addenda to this proceedings are: (1) "Shipboard News: Nineteenth Century Handwritten Periodicals at Sea" (Roy Alden Atwood); (2) "The International Institutional Press Association, 1966-1968" (Constance Ledoux Book); (3) "44 Liquormart--A Prescription for Commercial Speech: Return to 'Virginia Pharmacy'" (Frances L. Collins and Timothy D. Smith); (4) "Sociocultural Influences on Advertising Seen from Gender-Role Portrayals: A Content Analysis of Chinese and U.S. Television Commercials from 1996" (Hong Cheng); (5) "Of Heathens and Heroines: Constructions of Gender and Empire in the Woman's Foreign Missionary Press, 1869-1895" (Janet M. Cramer); (6) "Mainstream Newspapers Coverage of the North American Free Trade Agreement, 1991-1996" (Ana-Jimena Vargas); (7) "Media Rights versus Community Interests in Canada and the United States: Explorations in Legislative and Judicial Balancing" (Vernon A. Keel); (8) "To Mourn, to Cheer, or to Fear? Three Different Chinese Perspectives on the Death of Deng Xiaoping" (Shiau-Ching Chou and Margaret E. Thompson); (9) "Media Recognition and Access to the Presidential Primary Ballot" (Karen M. Markin); (10) "A Model of Public Support for First Amendment Rights" (Jack M. McLeod; Mira Sotirovic; Zhongshi Guo; Kuang-Yu Huang); (11) "Virtual Meetings: Breakdown or Breakthrough in Participatory Government" (Susan Dente Ross); (12) "Humor as a Resource in Constructing Scientific Knowledge and Ignorance" (S. Holly Stocking); (13) "Effects of Alignment Advertisements: Brand Ads Containing Mention of Social Issues" (Toni Schmidt and Jacqueline C. Hitchon); (14) "Funding Alternatives for Electronic Access to Government Information" (David Danner and Paul W. Taylor); (15) "An Investigation of Colorism of Black Women in News" (Lillie M. Fears); and (16) "Computer-Assisted Reporting Resources in Newsrooms, 1994-96" (Bruce Garrison). Contains references and endnotes. (NKA)

The International section of the Proceedings contains the following 16 papers: "A 'Pernicious New Strain of the Old Nazi Virus' and an 'Orgy of Tribal Slaughter': A Comparison of U.S. News Magazine Coverage of the Crises in Bosnia and Rwanda" (Melissa A. Wall); "Information Sources, Teenage Pregnancy, and Contraception Use in Kenya: Implications for HIV and AIDS Control and Prevention" (Isaac Obeng-Quaidoo, Cornelius B. Pratt, Charles Okigbo, and Waithira L. Gikonyo); "Re-Assessing America's Program of Media Assistance in a Fluid Democratic State: The Case of Zambia" (Folu Folarin Ogundimu); "Who's Setting the News Agenda on Sino-American Relations? Prestige Press Coverage from 1985 to 1993" (Robyn S. Goodman); "AFKN (American Forces Korea Network) as a U.S. Postwar Propaganda Program: A Hypothesis" (Jae-Young Kim); "The United States-China Copyright Dispute: A Two Level Games Analysis" (Krishna Jayakar); "Hegemonic Frames and International News Reporting: A Comparative Study of the 'New York Times' Coverage of the 1996 Indian and Israeli Elections" (Ritu K. Jayakar); "Development and Disjuncture on Television in India" (Divya C. McMillin); "Purchasing Involvement in South Asia: Its Relationship with Attitude toward and Beliefs about Advertising" (Jyotika Ramaprasad); "Western Romance Fiction As Urban 'English Popular Culture' in Postcolonial India" (Radhika E. Parameswaran); "Getting the News: How Japanese and American International Correspondents Choose Their Sources" (Beverly Horvit); "Fujimori Puts the 'PR' in Peru and PromPeru Leads the Way: How the President is Projecting His Administration's Neoliberal Policies" (Alan R. Freitag); "Terrorists on the Web: Propaganda and Public Diplomacy in Cyberspace" (Alan R. Freitag); "Television Viewing and Perceptions of the 1996 Olympic Athletes: A Cultivation Analysis" (Xueyi Chen); "Sold American: The Influence of U.S. News Consultants on Newscasts in Great Britain and Germany" (Craig Allen); and "Through the Dragon's Eyes: News of the United States in the Press Releases of the New China News Agency" (Charles Elliott). Individual papers contain references. (CR)

The Communications Tech and Policy section of the Proceedings contains the following eight papers: "The Wayward Bureaucracy: Government Assessment of FCC Organization and Performance" (Philip M. Napoli); "Understanding Internet Adoption Dynamics" (David J. Atkin, Leo W. Jeffres, and Kimberly Neuendorf); "Online Newsgathering Trends, 1994-96" (Bruce Garrison); "Does WEB Advertising Work? Memory for Print vs. Online Media" (S. Shyam Sundar, Sunetra Narayan, Rafael Obregon, and Charu Uppal); "Duopoly Market Structure as Public Policy: Lessons from the Cellular Telephone Industry" (Hugh S. Fullerton); "The Internet: Is the Medium the Message?" (Mark W. Tremayne); "Flying Freely but in a Cage: An Empirical Study of the Potential Effects of the Internet on Democratic Development in China" (Edgar Shaohua Huang); and "Bystanders at the Revolution: A Profile of Non-Users of Computer Mediated Communication in Hong Kong Universities" (Charles Elliott). Individual papers contain references. (CR)

The Miscellaneous Studies Division of these Proceedings contains the following 13 papers: "A Trend, Imagined or Real? A Comparative Study of Development Journalism and Public Journalism" (Jiafei Yin); "Investigative Reporting about Minorities in America" (Tim Gallimore and Lillian Dunlap); "A Defining Moment: Who Says What about Public Journalism" (Sally McMillan and others); "Stamping the Documents: The Rise of the Security Classification System" (David H. Morrissey); "GLAAD to Be Gay: A Survey of the Media Activist Strategies of the Gay and Lesbian Alliance against Defamation" (Jack Banks); "Do Vivid and Pallid News Portrayals of Political Expression Influence Political Tolerance?" (Catherine A. Steele and others); "The Impact of Political Efficacy and Media Use on Political Participation during the 1992 Presidential Election Campaign" (Huiping A. Huang); "Market Segmentation: How Does a U.S. Company Segment in Overseas Markets?" (Lalida Silpacharn); "Assessing Diversity in Broadcast Syndication" (Philip M. Napoli); "Crime and Agenda-Setting, 1988-1995" The Relationships among the President, the Press, and the Public" (Patrick M. Jablonski and William J. Gonzenbach); "Newspaper Ownership and Publisher Autonomy: A Ranking of the Chains" (Martha N. Matthews); "Beyond the Principle of Relative Constancy: Determinants of Consumer Mass Media Expenditures in Belgium" (Michel Dupagne); and "The Business of Newspaper Companies: Are Newspapers Part of That Future?" (Karen Cristiano). Individual papers contain references. (NKA)

The Advertising and Public Relations section of the proceedings contains the following 14 papers: "Toward an Understanding of Cultural Values Manifest in Advertising: A Content Analysis of Chinese Television Commercials from 1990 and 1995" (Hong Cheng); "The Impact of Advertising Distance on International Advertising: An Analysis of Creative Strategy in Magazine Advertisements from the U.S., Japan and Korea" (Yoo-Kyung Kim and Jan Slater); "'Kodak Moments' for Marketers: The Exposure Potential for Ads, Brands, Sponsors, and Symbols in Editorial Photographs in 'Sports Illustrated'" (James V. Pokrywczynski and others); "Effects of Celebrity Endorsement on Brand Recognition and Advertising Liking" (Xinshu Zhao and Huey-Chyi Chen); "The Impact of Age of Immigration and Length of Time in the U.S. on South Florida Immigrants' Use of Spanish Language Media" (Patricia B. Rose and Marylinn de la Maza); "Negotiation and Two-Way Models of Public Relations" (Kenneth D. Plowman); "Thomas Schindler and the Social Dimension of Ethics: Serious Questions for the Public Relations 'Culture'" (David L. Martinson); "The Effect of Chief Executive Officers' Misdeeds on the Companies They Represent: A Case Study of Drexel Burnham Lambert, Inc. and Helmsley Corporation" (Erica Luongo); "Coverage of Public Relations on Network Television News: An Exploratory Census of Content" (Kevin L. Keenan); "Public Relations and the World Wide Web: Designing an Effective Homepage" (Michelle Henley and others); "Water Warfare in Scotland: A Case Study in Issues Management" (Kerry Anderson Crooks); "The Stories of Women Public Relations Campaign Planners Revealed through Feminist Theory and Feminist Scholarship" (Linda Aldoory); "It Depends: A Contingency Theory of Accommodation in Public Relations" (Amanda E. Cancel and others); and "Teaching Mass Communication Theory: A Perspective from Public Relations" (Kenneth D. Plowman). Individual papers contain references. (CR)

The history section of the Proceedings contains the following 17 papers: "A Bid for Legitimacy: The Women's Press Club Movement, 1881-1900" (Elizabeth V. Burt); "'Securing the Affections of Those People at This Critical Juncture': Newspaper Portrayal of Colonial-Native American Relations, 1754-1763" (David A. Copeland); "'The Unfortunate Conflict in Far Off Asia': Three Black Newspapers View the Vietnam War, 1967" (Frank E. Fee, Jr.); "The Muckrakers' Reign on 'The American Magazine,' 1906-1911" (Michele C. Glidden); "Common Forms for Uncommon Actions: The Search for Political Organization in Dust Bowl California" (James Hamilton); "WGPR-TV, 1975-1995: Rest in Peace (A History of the First Television Station Licensed to Blacks in the Continental USA)" (James Phillip Jeter);"Maternal Images in the Age of the Girl: The Work of Jessie Willcox Smith and Other Women Artists in Early-Twentieth-Century Magazine Illustration" (Carolyn L. Kitch); "'All Brides Are Not Beautiful': The Rise of Charlotte Curtis at the 'New York Times'" (Marilyn Greenwald); "A Different Story: How the Press Covered Baseball's First Integrated Spring Training" (Chris Lamb and Glen Bleske); "A 'Slanderous and Nasty-Minded Mulattress,' Ida B. Wells, Confronts 'Objectivity' in the 1890s" (David T.Z. Mindich); "The 'New Republic' and Japanese Mass Internment during World War II, 1941-1945: The Liberal Magazine's Uniqueness and Limitations" (Takeya Mizuno); "A History of St. Louis Newspapers: Context for the Birth of the 'Sun' in 1989" (James E. Mueller); "The Political Costs of Press Controls: Woodrow Wilson and Wartime Suppression" (Jeffery A. Smith); "Coxey's Army and the Argus-Eyed Demons of Hell: Sensationalism and the Symbiotic Relationship of Press and Publicity Seekers in News Coverage of the 1894 March on Washington" (Michael S. Sweeney); "Defying the Ku Klux Klan: Three 1920s Newspapers Challenge the Most Powerful Nativist Movement in American History" (Rodger Streitmatter); "The Evolution of the Party News Media Editorship in China: A Historical Study" (Kewen Zhang); and "Hybrid Journalism Epitomized: Riding the Frontier/Commercial Cusp, 1893-1894" (David J. Vergobbi). Individual papers contain references. (RS)

The international communications section of the Proceedings contains the following 14 papers: "Spinning Stories: Latin America and the World Wide Web" (Eliza Tanner); "Private-Enterprise Broadcasting and Accelerating Dependency: Case Studies from Nigeria and Uganda" (Folu Folarin Ogundimu); "The Transitional Media System of Post-Communist Bulgaria" (Ekaterina Ognianova); "Comparing Canadian and U.S. Press Coverage of the Gulf Crisis: The Effects of Ideology in an International Context" (James E. Mollenkopf and Nancy Brendlinger); "Privatization in Indian Telecommunications: A Pragmatic Solution to Socialist Inertia" (Divya C. McMillin); "'Caribscope'--A Forum for Development News?" (Lisa A. McClean); "Ideology and Market: The Political Economy of Russian Media Industry" (Soobum Lee); "The Construction of Cuba in 'The New York Times' and 'The Washington Post'" (William M. Kunz and Alan G. Stavitsky); "Globalization of Mass Communications in the West and East Asia: Towards a New East Asian Model of Mass Communications" (Min Soo Kim); "Agenda Setting in Japan: A Framework for Studying the Media and Politics" (Beverly Horvit); "Japanese and American Coverage of the 50th Anniversary of World War II: Different Stories for Different Audiences" (Koji Fuse and James E. Mueller); "David and Godzilla: Anti-Semitism and 'Seppuku' in Japanese Publishing" (Tom Brislin); "Burma or Myanmar? Determinants of Country-Name Usage by International Newspapers and News Agencies" (Carolyn J. Davis); and "The Impact of Cultural and Market Distance on International Advertising: A Content Analysis of Ad Appeals in Ads from US, Japan and Korea" (Yoo-Kyung Kim and Hao-chieh Chang). Individual papers contain references. (RS)

The Minorities and Communication section of the proceedings contains the following 10 papers: "A Content Analysis of Advertising Techniques in Mass Market and African-American Magazine Advertisements" (Jan S. Slater and others); "Political and Racial Adversaries: Southern Black Elected Officials and the Press" (Daniel Riffe and others); "The Portrayal of Blacks in Television Advertising: A Comparison of Brazilian and U.S. Television" (Venilton Reinert and Thimios Zaharopoulos); "Minorities in the Newsroom: The American Society of Newspaper Editors and Integration--From 'Separate but Equal' to 'Justice as Fairness'" (Orayb Najjar); "African Americans on Television: 25 Years after Kerner" (Paula W. Matabane and Bishetta Merritt); "Only in Glimpses: Portrayal of America's Largest Minority Groups by the New York 'Times', 1934-1994" (Carolyn Martindale); "Comparing Portrayal of Women in Black and White Magazines" (Lillie M. Fears); "Fourth Census of Minorities in College Media" (Frances L. Collins and others); "Bringing Multiculturalism to Journalism and Communication Programs: A Study of the Uses and Functions of Multicultural Committees" (Toni Coleman and Lawrence Soley); and "News from the Homeland for Immigrants and Minorities in America: An Examination of International News Coverage by ABC, CBS and NBC--1990-1993" (Nilanjana Roy Bardhan). (RS)

The International Communication section of the proceedings contains the following nine papers: "Mobile Satellite Communications--From Obscurity to Overkill" (Patricia T. Whalen); "Does Television Cultivate the Image of America in Japan?" (Shinichi Saito); "Linking International News to U.S. Interests: A Content Analysis" (Daniel Riffe); "Colonial Interventions and the Postcolonial Situation in India: The English Language, Mass Media, and the Articulation of Class" (Radhika E. Parameswaran); "Recent Developments in Freedom of Information in Great Britain: A Preliminary Appraisal of the Government's 'Code of Practice'" (Wallace B. Eberhard); "Insurgent Technology: The Political Ramifications of the Internet in Africa" (David N. Dixon); "Japan's Clouded Window: News on NHK and TBS Television, 1993" (Anne Cooper-Chen); "Media Imperialism Revisited: The Countercase of Asia" (Kalyani Chadha); and "Media and the Politics of Citizens' Press Movement in Korea, 1985-1993" (Yung-Ho Im). (RS)

The Media History section of this collection of conference presentations contains the following 21 papers: "Social Class Advocacy Journalism: Prelude to Party Politics, 1892" (David J. Vergobbi); "Pilfering the News: A Quality Comparison of the World and Journal's Spanish-American War Coverage" (Randall S. Sumpter); "The Early Black Press in Wichita, Kansas: A Historical Analysis" (Aleen J. Ratzlaff); "The Civil Rights Movement in the 1940s: A Communication Context" (William J. Leonhirth); "Reform Allies: The Temperance and Prohibition Press and Woman Suffrage Wisconsin, 1910-20" (Elizabeth V. Burt); "African-Americans and 'Delusive Theories of Equality and Fraternity': The Role of the Press in the Institutionalization of Racial Inequality" (David Domke); "All That Unsung Jazz: How Kansas City Papers Missed the Story" (Giles Fowler); "Discovering a Mid-Nineteenth Century Drive for Journalistic Professionalization" (Stephen A. Banning); "Bad Times for the Press: The 1931 Labor Struggle in Harlan County" (Sally A. Guthrie); "Hearst, Roosevelt and the Muckrake Speech of 1906: A New Perspective" (Mark Neuzil); "'We Shall No Longer Play Fool': The Black Press in the 'Nadir' of African-Americans" (David Domke); "The Politics of Journalistic Independence: Detroit Journalism in the Progressive Era" (Richard L. Kaplan); "Those Who Would Not 'Sigh to the Wind': The Missionary Press in China" (Virginia Mansfield-Richardson); "Against the Grain: Published Humor in Wartime France" (Ross F. Collins); "Mainstream Press Portrayals of Native Americans in the 'Indian New Deal'" (Mary Ann Weston); "Henry R. Luce's Intellectual Militia: Examining the Origins of the Commission on Freedom of the Press" (Jane S. McConnell); "Mary Margaret McBride, Talkshow Host: The Perfect Proxy for Radio Listeners" (Beverly G. Merrick); "From Ghosting to Free-Lancing: Mary Margaret McBride Covers Royalty and Radio Rex" (Beverly G. Merrick); "Sponsors Court Mary Margaret McBride, Talkshow Host: 'All About Life in a Biscuit Factory, on the Radio'" (Beverly G. Merrick); "A Study in Contrasts: The Ideology and Reality of Newsroom Work in the Late 19th Century" (William S. Solomon); and "Propaganda without Pain: United States' Design for World War II Hemispheric Radio" (Michael B. Salwen). (RS)