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Tetraamido-oxacalix[4]arene derivatives have been synthesized via the reactions of tetraamino-oxacalix[4]arene with excess butyryl chloride, octanoyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, respectively. 1H NMR results suggest that these oxacalix[4]arene derivatives preferentially adopt the 1,3-alternate (saddle-like) conformation in solution, which were also the case in the solid state as demonstrated by single crystal X-ray analysis. A dimerized slipped capsule could be formed by tetra-butyramido-oxacalix[4]arene in the solid state via intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions under the assistance of two encapsulated methanol molecules. On the other hand, a molecular cavity was formed by tetra-p-toluenesulfonamido-oxacalix[4]arene which can encapsulate a solvent molecule of ethyl acetate.

The photochlorination at room temperature of butyryl, valeryl and caproyl chloride in the liquid phase has been investigated. The acid chlorides were allowed to interact with a third of the equimolecular amount of chlorine under irradiation with a mercury lamp. The reaction mixtures obtained were separated by fractional distillation and counter current distribution according to Craig. The monochloro-derivatives of the acid chlorides were characterized by preparing the ρ-toluidides. The identity of α-, β-, δ- and ϵ-chlorocaproic acids was established by synthesis. It is found that butyryl chloride yields

A discotic 2,6,10-trihydroxy-3,7,11-tripentyloxytriphenylene material and a triphenylene-based hyperbranched macromolecule were synthesized, in which the latter was prepared from AB m molecules in a one-pot reaction. Adipic chloride and butyryl chloride were chosen as terminal groups to the 2,6,10-trihydroxy-3,7,11-tripentyloxytriphenylene. Mesophase and their structural orders were determined using a polarized optical microscope and a differential scanning calorimeter. Carrier mobilities of the pure and composite materials were measured via a time-of-flight method. A change in carrier mobility on the morphology of the materials was further discussed. It was found that degree of crystallization was the key for a discotic triphenylene material to possess charge-transporting properties, no matter it is ordered or disordered.

Liquid phase acylation of benzene by acyl chloride (e.g., benzoyl chloride, butyryl chloride or phenyl acetyl chloride) over InCl3, GaCl3 and ZnCl2 supported on commercial clays (viz. montmorillonite-K10, montmorillonite-KSF and kaolin) or high silica mesoporous MCM-41 at 80°C has been investigated. The Mont.-K10 and Si-MCM-41 supported InCl3 and GaCl3 catalysts showed high activity in the acyation of benzene by benzoyl chloride even in the presence of moisture in the reaction mixture. The redox function of the supported InCl3, GaCl3 or ZnCl2 catalysts seems to play a very important role in the acylation process.

The enantiogenic syntheses of (−)-indolizidine 167B (1) and (+)-monomorine (2) are described. D-Norvaline and L-alanine are converted into their 1-pyrrole derivatives by reaction with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran. Thereafter, Arndt-Eistert homologation of the N-alkanoic acid substituent, followed by rhodium (II) acetate catalyzed decomposition of its α-diazo ketone derivative, provides the relevant bicyclic precursors, the vested chirality of which directs catalytic hydrogenation affording 1 and 2. Provision for the 5-butyl side chain in 2 is made by prior Lewis acid catalyzed rearrangement of the mixed anhydride obtained from butyryl chloride and the pyrrole analogue of L-alanine

The treatment of succinic acid with lauroyl or stearoyl chloride gave the five-membered β-diketone (II) substituted with a long chain at the α-position, together with a trimer (III) of the acyl chloride. Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2, 4-dione (VI) substituted with a methyl or ethyl group at the C3-position was prepared from cyclohexane-1, 3-dicarboxylic acid (V) and propionyl or butyryl chloride, respectively. D-Camphoric acid afforded an unexpected product, 4-acyl-2, 2, 3-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenecarboxylic acid (IX), on reaction with acyl chloride. Although acetyl chloride gave no product on treatment with succinic acid, it afforded 3-acetylbicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2, 4-dione (XI), 3-acetylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2, 4-dione (VId), and 2-acetylcyclohexane-1, 3-dione (XII) on reaction with the corresponding dicarboxylic acids.

The polymerization of N-alkyl-8-oct anelactams (N-alkylcapryllactams) at 150—200°C is a first order reaction with respect to monomer and hydrogen chloride; both the activation energy and the frequency factor decrease with increasing size of the substituent. The polymerization initiated with butyryl chloride proceeds ten times slower than with hydrogen chloride or an equimolar mixture of butyryl chloride and dibutylamine hydrochloride. The main monomer fraction is incorporated into the polymer by a sequence of two reactions, namely, cleavage of N-alkyllactam with hydrogen chloride to N-alkyl-8-ami nooctanoyl chloride followed by its bimolecular condensation. However, the participation of sec-amine hydrochloride catalyzed polyaddition of lactams to the carbonyl chloride group cannot be excluded so far. Of the initiators of the polymerization of N-methyl-8-oc tanelactam (/), hydrogen chloride or lactam hydrochloride1 is the most effective. The effect of hydrogen chloride in the cationic polymerization of the above lactam consists in the deacylating cleavage of the amide bond with formation of N-methyl-8-am inooctanoyl chloride hydrochloride2

1. Reductive coupling of butyryl chloride with CoCl(PPh3)3 affords 4-heptanone, 4,5-octanedione, 4-hydroxy-5-octanone, 4-butyryloxy-5-octanone, and 4,5-dibutyryloxy-4-octene. 2. A mechanism for the reductive coupling of butyryl chloride is proposed, involving the intermediate formation of an acylcobalt(III) dichloride complex.

Properties of fluorine-adsorbed active carbon (FAAC), expected to be a new fluorinating agent, were investigated by means of TG, X-ray diffraction, and ESCA. The fluorine in FAAC was desorbed by heat treatment in a vacuum at temperatures higher than 200 °C. The X-ray diffraction and ESCA measurements suggest that fluorine is inserted between the carbon layer planes of the active carbon, and combines with carbon atoms weakly in comparison with the C–F covalent bond. The reactivity of FAAC against several organic compounds was studied. 1-Butanol, 1-butanethiol, and cyclohexylamine were oxidized. Butyryl chloride was fluorinated to give butyryl fluoride.