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Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the identification of possible and actual material inconsistencies (distortions) between other information reflected in the annual report of the audited entity and its accounting (financial) statements. Objectives. The article aims to present the author-developed interpretation of this identification. Methods. For the study, I used systems, and functional and structural analyses, as well as special audit procedures. Results. Based on the analysis of the main problems of identifying possible and actual material inconsistencies (distortions) between other information reflected in the annual report of the audited entity and its accounting (financial) statements, the article proposes ways to solve them. Conclusions. International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 720 regulates the need to consider other information during the audit, but the issue of its practical implementation is still poorly worked out.

Background. The postoperative period is often accompanied by pain and limited mobility in the ankle joint. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of additional rehabilitation methods in the late postoperative period. Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of complex (standard + osteopathic) treatment compared with standard restorative treatment in patients with distal tibia fractures in the late postoperative period. Material and methods. In the course of a randomized study, patients in the late postoperative period (68 weeks after surgery; n=40) were divided into two groups: the main group (n=20) received a standard rehabilitation treatment regimen and osteopathic treatment (correction of identified somatic dysfunctions); the comparison group (n=20) only the standard rehabilitation treatment regimen. The amplitude of motion of the affected ankle joint was assessed using a goniometer, the level of pain in the affected ankle joint was assessed using a visual analogue scale, and the level of quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Data are presented as arithmetic mean and standard deviation M (SD). When analyzing intergroup differences, the nonparametric MannWhitney test (U-test) was used; when analyzing intragroup differences, the nonparametric Wilcoxon test (W-test) was used. The critical level of statistical significance was taken as 5% (p=0.05). Results. The addition of osteopathic treatment to the standard scheme led to a significant decrease in the level of pain (0.3 points in the main group, 1.5 points in the comparison group; p=0.0026), an increase in the amplitude of active movements in the ankle joint (64.7 in the main group, 51.8 in the comparison group; p=0.000217), improvement in the quality of life physical functioning (an increase in the indicator in the main group by 39 points, in the comparison group by 26 points), general health (an increase in the indicator in the main group by 47 points, in the comparison group by 28 points). Conclusion. Combined treatment (standard plus osteopathic) improves the results of restorative treatment compared with standard therapy alone in patients with fractures of the distal tibia in the late postoperative period.

Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. Salmonella spp., which can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food, are among the most important foodborne pathogens worldwide. Materials and methods. The antimicrobial resistance of 358 bacterial isolates collected from food and water in the Republic of Belarus (Belarus) in 20182021 was studied by analyzing phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of antibiotic bacterial resistance. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to classify and identify bacteria. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria was measured by the minimum inhibitory concentration method using a Sensititre automated bacteriological analyzer and the disk diffusion test for 45 antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates were identified by whole-genome sequencing. Results. The in vitro testing of phenotypic bacterial susceptibility showed high susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (97.2%), third-generation cephalosporins (93.9%), carbapenems (98.0%), ampicillin (81.8%), aminoglycosides (97.5%), tetracyclines (87.5%), chloramphenicol (93.8%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) (95.3%) and colistin (85.2%). It was found that the antibiotic resistance mechanism in S. enterica was associated with the presence of genes blaTEM-1B (82%), blaTEM-1C (7.7%), blaSHV-12 (2.6%), blaDHA-1 (2.6%), blaCMY-2 (7.7%), qnrB2 (9.1%), qnrB4 (9.1%), qnrB5 (9.1%), qnrB19 (72.7%), aac(6)-Ib-cr (9.1%), aac(6)-Iaa (100%), aadA1 (13.2%), aadA2 (8.8%), tetB (74.3%), tetA (25.7%), tetM (2.9%), tetD (28.6%), mcr-9 (1.5%). Conclusion. All the bacterial isolates were phenotypically susceptible to first-line antibiotics used in treatment of salmonellosis: fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. The whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates (19.0%) detected resistance genes for 9 groups of antibiotics: aminoglycosides (100%), beta-lactams (57.4%), fluoroquinolones (16.2%), tetracyclines (51.5%), macrolides (1.5%), phenicols (30.4%), trimethoprim (13.0%), sulfonamides (47.8%) and colistin (1.4%). Thus, epidemiological surveillance of the Salmonella spread through the food chain is of critical importance for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance among foodborne Salmonella.

In agrotechnologies postcut crops of intermediate cultures are placed after harvesting annual grasses for green mass, and stubble crops after harvesting early grain crops. Annual herbs at the April sowing dates reach mowing maturity and are harvested for green mass in the third decade of June – the first decade of July. However, after harvesting the main crop of the crop rotation, there are still about 70–90 days left until the end of the growing season, which is quite enough to obtain a full-fledged harvest in the hay crops, and thereby increase the index of arable land use [1; 6]. In this regard in 2020–2022 in the foothill zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (the Baksansky district), the scientific research was carried out on the irrigated Ciscaucasian chernozems (according to B.A. Dospekhov “Methodology of field experience”) in order to study the elements of improving the technology of growing corn in hay crops, providing a reduction in energy costs and optimization of the main parameters of soil fertility. Recently, agricultural production has been operating in the conditions of a resource deficit and an increasingly complex structure of economic relations and an ever-increasing problem of soil and water conservation. The dominance of economic mechanisms fundamentally changes many generally accepted ideas and approaches in the field of agricultural land use. The overall objective is to maximize crop production per unit of input. As a result of the research, it has been found that the cultivation of corn for grain by cutting, after winter rapeseed by chisel processing to a depth of 28–30 cm and the application of fertilizers at a dose of N120P90, contributes to the stabilization of the agrophysical properties of the soil and the optimization of the energy balance

The article deals with the riots in the Svisloch gymnasium that occurred after the closure of the trial of the Philarets and Philomaths (1824), which was initiated by N. N. Novosiltsev, as well as about possible interpretive models that make it possible to supplement the knowledge existing in Polish and European historiography about the reasons that prompted the tsarist government to carry out such a brutal reprisal against Polish youth. A valuable source on the history of secret societies in the Svisloch Gymnasium, which was not taken into account when publishing documents of the investigative case, correspondence of participants in student unrest and other ego-documents is introduced into scientific circulation. This source, extracted from the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA = RSHA, Fund 1409, Inventory 1, storage unit 1300, papers of His Imperial Highness Tsesarevich Konstantin Pavlovich), which makes it possible to judge the unrest in Svisloch and draw a conclusion about the punishment that the students suffered, was ignored by researchers, since chronologically fell into the scope of the Filaret and Philomat case, and the rioters were not brought to trial and were not among those exiled deep into the empire.

The objective: to analyze the effectiveness of etiological verification of pulmonary mycobacteriosis when using various biological materials at different diagnostic stages.Subjects and Methods. In Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Respiratory Diseases, CTRI, the results of stage-by-stage examinations of 142 patients (from 2018 to 2022) were analyzed. A retrospective, prospective, cohort, open study was conducted. Inclusion criteria: pulmonary mycobacteriosis etiologically verified by comprehensive microbiological examinations (molecular genetic and cultural tests) (with retrospective analysis after all stages of examination). Exclusion criteria: HIV infection. 115 women and 27 men were enrolled in the study, the age ranged from 21 to 86 years, the mean age was 57,9 years.All patients referred to CTRI for examination due to newly detected changes in the lungs (bronchiectasis, focal changes, and cavities). For etiological verification of the diagnosis, microbiological sputum testing was performed (Stage 1 of the examination); when negative results were obtained, bronchoscopy was prescribed and bronchobiopsies were used for microbiological and molecular genetic diagnostics – Stage 2. In case of negative results of Stage 2, the patient was recommended to undergo a diagnostic resection of the lung – Stage 3 of the examination. At all stages, specimens were sent for comprehensive microbiological testing: fluorescent microscopy to detect acid-fact mycobacteria, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RV) to detect NTBM DNA. Identification of NTBMB was carried out by molecular genetic methods (PCR for the presence of MTB DNA/NTBM (SYNTOL, Russia), and on DNA strips (GenoType Mycobacterium CM\AS Hain Livescience, Germany)). Specimens were cultured on a liquid medium in the ВАСТЕС MGIT960 (BD, USA).The diagnosis of mycobacteriosis was established in accordance with the diagnostic criteria proposed in the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) (2020): detection of NTBM in 2 sputum samples or in 1 sample of bronchobiopsy specimens or in 1 surgical specimens [15].The studied data were entered to the Microsoft Office Excel sheet (Microsoft, USA) for statistical processing; the level of statistical significance of differences was taken as 0.05.Results. It was found that slow-growing NTBM were identified as etiologically significant in 93.0%, of which 78.1% was M. avium, fast-growing NTBM were represented only by M. abscessus, 7% of observations. During X-ray examination, the bronchiectatic form – 52.1% (74/142) was detected more often compared to the abdominal – 30.9% (44/142) and focal forms – 16.9% (24/142) (p

In December 2018 the patient over 60 years old sought medical help with complaints of persistent cough. Based on computed tomography data there were identified the sings (symptoms) of right lung lower lobe atelectasis. To run this patient diagnostics there were performed 6 bronchoscopies narrowed down by bronchi checks up only and described the right lung central cancer picture. At the same time the biopsy taken during one of the bronchoscopies appeared non informative. Fine needle biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes and bronchial wall was performed twice: at Tomsk Cancer Research Institute (it was suspected B-cell lymphoma based on biopsy examination) and at The Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center (signs of inflammation based on biopsy examination). The video-assisted thoracoscopy with lymph node dissection of the right lung root was performed in January 2020. As a surgical material analysis result reactive adenopathy was determined. Therefore, during more than 1 year of diagnostic research the genesis of right lung lower lobe atelectasis was not established. The patient was directed to Central Tuberculosis Research Institute for diagnosis verification. Based on clinical and radiological picture Central Tuberculosis Research Institute colleagues suspected a foreign body in the intermediate bronchus. During an endoscopic examination it was revealed stenosis, biopsies were performed, but the foreign body could not be identified. In the pathomorphological laboratory of Central Tuberculosis Research Institute there were conducted histological examination of the material after endobronchial cryobiopsy and rigid needle biopsy. Both gave an unexpected result: invasive mycosis of the bronchial wall. As a conclusion the decision was taken to apply antimycotic therapy on an outpatient basis. As a result, clear clinical and radiological positive dynamics was obtained. In these favorable conditions for endoscopic examination, it was performed vitally essential cryoextraction of foreign body. The foreign body turned out to be a fragment of a spongy bone of a centimeter size. These actions have let to unlock the right lung lower lobe.

This article presents a comparative characteristic of the blood parameters of Kuibyshevskaya breed rams and Kuibyshevskaya ? Dorper crossbreed rams at the age of one and four months. According to the results of the studies, the amount of formed elements and the level of metabolites in the blood of animals corresponded to the physiological norm. At the same time, there were differences between the study groups. It was found out that crossbred rams had superiority in some blood parameters over purebred animals, which indicates a more intensive metabolism, and, presumably, a higher level of meat productivity in the future.

The article examines the peculiarities of the spread and counteraction of the new coronavirus infection in Russian penitentiary institutions. Special attention is paid to the issues of keeping suspects, accused and convicted persons in isolation, as well as related recommendations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The results of the study of the order and conditions of isolation in Russian penitentiary institutions, together with somatic indicators of the age and health of persons held in them, give grounds for reasonable alarm about the existence of increased risks of the spread of COVID-19. However, practice shows that timely sanitary and epidemiological measures taken by the state and special restrictions of a regime nature in isolation have restrained the spread of the disease. Conclusions are drawn about the need to change some provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the penal enforcement legislation to ensure the possibility of urgent correction of criminal policy and law enforcement in conditions of high readiness for natural and man-made emergencies.

The authors presented an overview of the sustainable development goals (SDGs No. 8, 9) in the direction of “economy” in the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to monitor economic goals in rural areas in the regions of the Siberian Federal District according to the indicators presented by the resolution of the UN General Assembly A/RES/70/1. At the forefront of these goals is the achievement of inclusive economic growth and decent work for all (SDG 8) in connection with the widespread creation and use of infrastructure capable of sustainable industrialisation and the use of innovation (SDG 9). It is critical to ensure the achievement of these goals in territories that are on the sidelines of economic growth and progress and thereby provide a decent life for the population of these territories. The need to study the level of economic development of rural areas is also essential because of the high degree of correlation between the development of agriculture in particular and the agro-industrial complex in general and the sustainable development of rural areas. Moreover, changing living conditions in different places are forcing the population to look for new homes. As a result, most of the population tends to large cities or suburbs. But cities alone cannot lead to economic growth; this requires resources precisely concentrated in sparsely populated areas, the development of which is capable of achieving the declared financial goals. Therefore, the authors also considered the factors influencing the achievement of these goals. The research methods were retrospective and statistical analyses. As a result of the study, proposals are presented for optimising economic actions and developing measures to effectively manage processes to achieve the financial goals of sustainable development in rural areas of the Siberian Federal District.

The issue of recurrent upper respiratory tract diseases in children is common and relevant. Commonly this pathology is associated with other diseases that lead to the prolonged, complicated, or chronic course of the inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract. Objective. The aim of the study is to improve management principles for children with recurrent upper respiratory tract diseases according to the developed multidisciplinary and personalized approach (modern methods of diagnosis and health monitoring) for achieving long-term remission. Methods. The study included 65 children aged from 3 to 17 years 11 months with recurrent upper respiratory tract diseases. Examination: nasal, nasopharynx and larynx endoscopy, abdominal ultrasound with aqueous-siphon test, tympanometry, and laboratory tests (complete blood count, evaluation of total and specific IgE levels, antistreptolysin O, nasopharynx and oropharynx microbiological study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent fecal analysis for Helicobacter pylori). Results. 88% of examined children showed allergic pathology according to our study results. Clinical signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were revealed in 30% of children with chronic oropharynx inflammation. GERD signs were revealed both via abdominal ultrasound with aqueous-siphon test and via fiberoptic laryngoscopy and later confirmed by esophagogastroscopy in 8.7% of patients. Obtained data indicates high prevalence of allergic and gastroenterological pathology in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract diseases. Conclusion. Obtained results allow us to establish scientifically multidisciplinary and personalized approach for the management of children with recurrent upper respiratory tract disease. This approach shall include key diagnostic methods required for improvement of comorbid conditions revealing, and achieving and maintaining control over the disease symptoms. The study is currently ongoing.

The article discusses the main provisions of new directions in the system of scientific organization of labor and management principles in general, personalities, prerequisites for the emergence, both scientific and historical, as well as the importance and contribution to the development of not only domestic management science, but also in the system of foreign management schools. The conducted research proves that in this historical period (the 20s of the XX century), Soviet researchers continue the traditions of management laid down by F. Taylor, but they develop the ideas formulated by him and bring their own new, innovative approach to management principles, especially valuable for these theoretical and applied developments are approaches to working with personnel in new economic conditions. The formation of new economic conditions and principles of the organization of production in the post-revolutionary period in Russia becomes possible thanks to the scientifically grounded directions of the organization of labor activity, personnel policy, transformation of the production environment and the building of a new vertical of power in the economic space at the state level. Consideration and study of management concepts in Russia in the 20s of the XX century is currently relevant and allows us to determine the evolutionary principles of management development, give a comprehensive assessment of the current stage of development of management science and respond to the challenges of modernity in the development of socio-economic systems.

Treatment of malignant gliomas of the brain remains a serious problem on a global scale, despite intensive research into the causes and mechanisms of their progression. When using traditional surgical approaches and imaging methods tumor cell infiltrates may be overlooked, as a result of which, malignant gliomas relapse often occurs near the marginal region of the surgical cavity. A method that allows visual identification of tumor tissue and at the same time provides an opportunity to selectively destroy it is photodynamic therapy (PDT) ‒ a two-stage treatment that includes the introduction (intravenous, intraperitoneal, local or oral) of a light-sensitive chemical agent (photosensitizer (PS)) followed by its activation at a certain wavelength of light.The principle of PDT is based on the cytotoxic effects caused by PS, which selectively accumulates in malignant tumor cells and is activated by light rays of the appropriate wavelength, generating singlet oxygen and free radicals, which trigger photochemical reactions in tumor cells with subsequent destruction of protein structures. Tumor tissue has a higher affinity for PSs. PSs are divided into 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation molecules. So far, 3rd generation PSs have not yet been approved for clinical use. In vitro and in vivo experimental studies confirmed the effectiveness of PDT of brain tumors using 2nd generation PSs.The simultaneous use of surgery under the control of fluorescence and PDT enables both the visualization of tumor cells and their selective destruction. Regardless of PDT, PSs are used for the purpose of auxiliary delineation of tumor borders for maximum tumor removal during fluorescence-guided surgery.The review examines the development of PDT in a historical aspect, the contribution of domestic scientists, in particular, scientists of the Institute of Neurosurgery named after acad. A. P. Romodanov, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine to the development of the problem of PDT in neuro-oncology; preclinical studies of PDT and experimental approaches to increase the efficiency of PDT are characterized. Analysis of data from clinical trials confirms that using PDT as an adjunctive treatment of malignant gliomas administered immediately after maximal resection is safe, reduces the risk of recurrence by targeting residual tumor cells in the resection cavity, improves survival and quality of life of patients. The absence of information on the development of resistance to multiple PDT sessions suggests the possibility of repeated treatments of tumor cells not removed during surgery.

Goal. To analyze the features of neuro-ophthalmic symptoms and study visual functions recovery following parasellar meningiomas (PM) surgery. Material and methods. We have analyzed the results of treating 47 patients with PM which have been operated in the Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute in 2017 - 2021. The main group included 47 patients (94 eyes) with PM with visual disorders. Clinical-neurological and ophthalmological examination and a range of neuroimaging studies were carried out. To evaluate the visual functions, the results were analyzed according to the recommendations of the German Ophthalmological Society. Results. Binocular visual disturbances have been detected in 34 (72.3%) patients. Among visual field defects, absolute bitemporal hemianopia prevailed in 14.9% of patients and a combination of relative upper quadrant temporal hemianopia with absolute temporal hemianopia in 19.2% of patients. Monocular visual disturbances have been detected in 13 (27.7%) patients. Optic nerve atrophy was found in 38 patients (80.9%): unilateral - 21 patients (21 eyes), bilateral - 17 patients (34 eyes). A probable difference was revealed in the average visual acuity: before treatment 0.55±0.04, after treatment 0.67±0.04 (p

Biliary cancer is a group of tumors that develop from the epithelium of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts (cholangiocarcino-ma), as well as the gallbladder. For 10 years, chemotherapy based on a combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin has remained the standard of first-line therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic biliary cancer, resulting in a median overall survival of 11.7 months. With the progression of the disease on the first line, effective options did not previously exist. Attempts to use various chemotherapeutic regimens, both in monotherapy and in combination, have not been successful. In order not to leave the patient without treatment, fluoropyrimidines, their combinations with oxaliplatin or irinotecan, are empirically prescribed as follow-up therapy. In recent years, different subtypes of biliary tract cancer have been defined depending on the anatomical location and genetic and/or epigenetic aberrations. Especially for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma novel therapeutic targets have been identified, including fibroblast growth factor receptor gene fusions 2 (FGFR2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations (IDH1/2), with molecularly targeted agents having shown evidence of activity in this subgroup of patients. Additionally, other pathways are being evaluated in both intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other subtypes of biliary tract cancer, alongside targeting of the immune microenvironment. The growing knowledge of biliary tract cancer biology and molecular heterogeneity has paved the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches that will completely change the treatment paradigm for this disease in the near future. In this review, we review recently published data on the use of second-line therapy after progression with standard first-line therapy in patients with biliary cancer.

Introduction. The Ames test is the one of the most popular methods for mutagenicity evaluation of environmental factors. In some cases, this method is suggested to be the only and sufficient assay for the first stage of the equivalence assessment of pesticide technical grade active ingredients (TGAI) to the original products. A limitation of the Ames test is related to the impossibility of an objective equivalence assessment of some cytotoxic TGAIs, in particular, sulfonylureas, and triazolpyrimidines. Based on the mode of action of the pesticides belongs to these chemical classes, we suggested a modification of the plate incorporation method protocol of the Ames test to the increase of maximal non-cytotoxic concentration up to the 5 mg/plate recommended by regulatory documents. Materials and methods. The five strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA97, TA102 were used. The modification of the protocol included a supplementation of the top agar with isoleucine (1-5 mM). Results. The maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations of thifensulfuron-methyl and florasulam using the standard top agar did not exceed 0.05-0.125 mg/plate. The enrichment of the top agar with isoleucine allowed evaluating the mutagenicity of the substances up to the maximal recommended concentration of 5.0 mg/plate. The number of spontaneous revertants was within the historical limits of the laboratory control obtained under standard conditions. Positive controls showed pronounced mutagenic effects in case of all strains with and without metabolic activation (p≤0.05). Limitations. Mutagenicity was evaluated only for TGAIs, which are acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitors. Conclusion. The application of the modified Ames test protocol for mutagenicity assessment of TGAIs from the classes of sulfonylureas and triazolpyrimidines under supplementation of the top agar with isoleucine is a more objective way to evaluate their mutagenicity. The proposed protocol expands the possibilities of revealing dangerous mutagenic impurities that may occur in TGAIs in the small quantities, and after entering the environment can cause the gain in the mutation level in living organisms.

An urgent task in modern conditions is to improve the existing models of occupational risk assessment to ensure the safety and health of employees, obtain and analyze objective information sufficient to develop scientifically sound management decisions on the prevention of occupational and general morbidity, reduce labour loss and preserve labour longevity. The review provides information on domestic and foreign models of occupational risk assessment, their improvement to ensure the safety and health of employees. Various models of occupational risk assessment are analyzed, both quantitative, semi-quantitative, and qualitative methods of assessing occupational risk that causes the risk for employee health disorders associated with exposure to chemicals, dust factor, noise, and vibration. Methodological principles of various models of occupational risk assessment differ in approaches to assessment of hazard and impact. The advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign models of occupational risk assessment are established. This requires the development of a single unified methodology (procedure) for assessing and managing occupational risks, criteria for assessing occupational health risks of an individual and cohort (group, collective) nature. The ideas and evidence discussed in this review indicate that scientific research and professional practice on occupational risk assessment in occupational should develop towards a more holistic, health-oriented model of occupational risk assessment and management. When preparing the review, the databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI were used.

Introduction: A cellular base station is a sophisticated object, a source of radio and industrial frequency electromagnetic fields and of noise pollution. Cell sites generate a complex, time-varying, modulated multi-frequency signal of low intensity, yet having local gradients. The World Health Organization has introduced the notion of electromagnetic pollution of environment, the main source of which is a mobile phone base station. It is the fastest-growing anthropotechnogenic environmental impact since the 1950s. Objective: To analyze the impact of mobile phone base stations on the health of population using data of domestic and foreign literary sources. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted for the years 2008 to 2022 on human health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from cellular base stations using the relevant keywords in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI, and other databases. The initial sample included 50 articles, of which 15 were excluded after primary screening. Experimental studies on animals were not eligible for inclusion. Results: The review of 35 full-text publications on the topic revealed a sufficient amount of evidence of adverse health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, including the radio frequency sickness, cancer, changes in biochemical parameters, DNA damage, etc. Currently, there is an urgent need to resolve the problem of the so-called electrosmog. Conclusion: In order to prevent the diseases associated with the use of novel technologies, it is important to apply a preventive approach by limiting the exposure of groups at risk, such as children, adolescents, patients with chronic diseases etc., to sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.

Introduction: Under current conditions of work intensification and introduction of information and communication technologies, there arise risks of developing the syndrome of emotional burnout, anxiety and depressive disorders among workers in various occupational cohorts. Objective: To analyze scientific publications and to establish the prevalence of psychological and emotional problems among people working under conditions of increased work intensity in order to identify predisposing factors, determine occupational cohorts at risk, and prevent burnout, anxiety and depressive disorders. Materials and methods: A scientific review of studies published in 2005–2022 in the Russian and English languages was carried out using such information platforms and databases as eLIBRARY.ru, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The search terms included work intensity, burnout syndrome, anxiety disorders, and depression. We chose prospective studies, in which neuropsychic stress at the workplace was assessed as an occupational health risk. Of 282 search results, 51 publications on psychological and emotional ill-being posed by neuropsychic overstrain were found eligible for inclusion in this review. Results: We established a high prevalence of psychological and emotional problems among workers in various occupational cohorts, including nurses, medical doctors of various specialties, teachers, psychologists, journalists, athletes, policemen and penitentiary police officers, emergency service members. Features of clinical manifestations of burnout symptoms, anxiety and depressive disorders in workers experiencing increased tension were discussed. Our findings showed that psychosocial risk factors for burnout, anxiety and depressive disorders were role uncertainty, role conflict, role stress, stressful events, workload, and pressure at work, and that burnout was associated with various non-occupational diseases. Conclusion: We highlight the necessity of assessing psychosocial factors at workplaces and screening for psychological and emotional disorders of employees for early diagnosis of burnout and related conditions and elimination of their negative outcomes at the individual and societal levels. We propose introduction of the international COPSOQ tool (the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire) into domestic healthcare practice to conduct a comprehensive individual assessment of psychosocial factors and to facilitate timely and appropriate preventive measures at work.

Modern progress in photopharmocology calls for new generation of compounds joining bioactivity, photoswitchable properties and high selectivity of response to light wavelength. Introduced here, phosphonate-fullerene hybrids are the first representatives of such compounds. Phosphonate-fullerene hybrids were synthesized on a base of fullerene C

The article deals with the issue related to development of dialectics in opposite to sophistry in the classical antique philosophy. The author examines the special features of the antique rationalism as the premises of dialectics formation in the antique philosophy. The author considers the epistemological basis and negative consequences of the relativistic positions of the sophists in the cognition and moral being. Then the author traces a continuity in understanding the meaning of dialectics as a method of searching for the essence (truth) connected with a dialogic conceptual form of rational cognition in the Socrates’, Plato’s and Aristotle’s studies. It is stated in the paper that classical antique dialectics was developed as a method of true knowledge of the ideal essences as the universal constructive intelligible reasons of rational cognition and human exist-ence. Also it was the discipline about the first universal transcendental principles of all sciences conceived by reason and method of research of scientific and philosophical problems. The paper shows the application of dialectics in the study of the ethical and socio-political aspects of human existence. The author makes the conclusion that the dialectics researches of the universal reasons of rational cognition and human existence, connected with the objective forms of being and antique rationality, is characterized by an orientation on the deep interrelation of problems of cognition and moral being.

The paper presents the key results of investigating Barents Sea ice age composition during the winter season, from the beginning of ice formation in October to its termination in May. To analyze the seasonal and interannual changes in the amount of ice of different age categories, we used ice charts for the Barents Sea for the period 1997–2021, produced by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. The age composition of the ice cover in the Barents Sea is represented by seven standard ice categories (thickness ranges). The areas of ice of different age categories were calculated for a ten-day time interval (in percentage of the total ice area). The results are provided for three parts of the Barents Sea: western, northeastern and southeastern.The interannual changes in the amount of ice in relative fractions of ice of different age categories in the ice cover of the Barents Sea do not show significant trends for the period 1997–2021. Thus, with the observed reduction in the Barents Sea total ice area, the amount of ice of different age categories ranges within the limits of its own natural variability. Therefore, it is impossible to draw a definite conclusion about a decrease in ice cover thickness in the Barents Sea based only on data on the ice age composition over a 24-year period of observations analyzed in this study. On comparing the estimates obtained in this study of the age structure of the ice cover in the Barents Sea with those of the previous studies on this subject, we can argue that its average thickness at the beginning of the 21st century decreased, compared to the period 1971–1976. Taking into account the statistical insignificance of the trends in interannual variations in the amount of ice of different age gradations, one can maintain that quantitative changes in the age structure of the Barents Sea ice cover began earlier than 1997.

The ongoing decrease in the ice coveren is one of the main consequences of global climate change. The Barents Sea, as part of the North European basin, is an area that is one of the first to react to these changes. According to the AARI database, before the start of the current century the ice extent in the winter season varied from 600·103 km2 to 900·103 km2 in different years, while over the past 20 years the lower border has dropped to 350·103 km2. At the same time, the ice extent in the summer season has decreased more than 3 times. The aim of the article is to study the statistical structure of the longterm variability of the ice extent on the basis of the latest data, in order to identify the patterns of change characteristic of individual areas of the Barents Sea over the past decades. The main research methods include basic statistics, linear trend, stationary assessment, autocorrelation and the correlation coefficient. The work contains numerical estimates of the trend component for all the parts of the water area. The maximum contribution of the linear trend is due to the northeastern region and comprises 63 %. The maximum seasonal fluctuations are characteristic of the southeastern region, with almost complete freezing in winter (up to 99 %, as in the northeast) and complete clearing in summer and the absence of old ice. The same area has the least connection with the other parts (R less than 0.25) and the variability of its characteristics depends to a greater extent not only on the circulation of cold Arctic waters and the entry of warm Atlantic water, but also on river runoff. The north-eastern region is characterized by the capacity for retaining the “memory” of the previous state for more than 5 years, which indicates the highest inertia of the factors making for the variability of the ice extent. The speed of reducing the ice coveren because of melting is estimated at 1.76·103 km2/month, while the rate of increase in the ice extent as a result of ice growth is estimated at 1.26·103 km2/month. Accordingly, the ice melts faster than it has time to grow, which leads to a decrease in the ice extent.

The paper focuses on certain aspects of intercultural communication in professional political contexts. With this aim the authors seek to analyze culture-bound elements in German political media discourse, determine their specific role and place in the language system as well as point out the eventual pitfalls on the way to translating them into Russian. Another important point of discussion in the paper is the importance of translation skills for international relations experts: journalists and diplomats. By following the relatively new academic trend of analyzing the use of language in professional contexts, the authors hope to cover a somewhat uncharted territory with this work. The study was aimed at identifying the difficulties that future diplomats and journalists face in solving practical problems, in particular in the process of translating professionally oriented texts. The methods employed include analysis of scientific literature, description, polling and questionnaires, quantitative data assessment and systematization. The primary experiment was conducted under participation of 57 Russian-speaking master students of MGIMO University: future diplomats (65 %) and journalists (35 %). The students were tasked with translating six German texts into Russian in writing, the text in question originating from various German media outlets such as Süddeutsche Zeitung, Die Welt, Der Spiegel, Deutsche Welle as well as mitmischen.de, the German parliament’s web site for the younger people. The resulting Russian texts were primarily evaluated based on the translation of the 56 German realia (mostly represented in the original text by proper nouns, such as personal names, toponyms, names of political offices, etc.). In accordance with the classification of Ch. Nord the mistakes were divided into pragmatic, cultural and formal groups. The quantitative analysis discovered that cultural mistakes constituted the majority of them. The reason is the lack of correlated denotations in both cultures and of sufficient lexicographic sources. A possible solution to overcome the emerging difficulties is the creation of a digital guide of culture-bound elements of political discourse.

Presented article outlines the proposals for biological wastes of aquaculture disposal by use of Eisenia foetida earthworms. In the duration of this study an experiment was carried out: productivity of Eisenia foetida earthworm’s biological wastes disposal was studied on the example of existing aquaculture facility. Results of research presented point on actual recyclability of aquaculture biological wastes into vermicompost by use of earthworms and also prove the practical possibility of vermicomposting as biological wastes of aquaculture disposal method.

The issue of the history of the translation into Russian of the historical work of the German playwright August Kotzebue “Svitrigailo, the Grand Duke of Lithuania”, which was published in 1835, when the name of the famous German author had already become a sign of bad literary taste, and his works ceased to be published. For the first time, the study introduces into scientific circulation materials from several archives that store documents that allow us to draw conclusions about why Kotzebue’s essay on the history of Lithuania and Poland has been lying on the shelf of the censorship department for more than a decade. The results of the study showed that the manuscript could not be allowed for publication for a long time, not because of the scandal around the tragic death of its author, and not because of the new heroized interpretation of the image of Svitrigailo. The real reason for oblivion was the additions (documents from the Königsberg archive) with which Kotzebue supplied his work. The author of the article reports that, among various historical materials, three papal bulls were presented at the end of the manuscript, related to the project of a possible reunification of the Latin and Greek churches. It was these documents that delayed the publication of Kotzebue’s work in Russian. The archival materials involved show that the censorship of the first quarter of the 19th century considered the dissemination of materials related to the issue of unification of churches dangerous for Russian society.

Background. Conducting molecular and genetic studies to investigate susceptibility to multifactorial and polygenic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes melitus and pre-diabetic conditions, is of great importance for the development of personalized prevention programs and the choice of optimal treatment. Taking into account regional and ethnic features, the study of polymorphic markers of candidate genes for fat and carbohydrate metabolism has a great practical value. Aim. To investigate associations of polymorphisms of the FTO rs9939609, PPARG rs180128, PPARGC1A rs8192678 genes with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetic conditions in residents of the Republic of Tatarstan. Material and methods. An observational single-stage single-center controlled study was conducted in patients with various disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: prediabetes (n=138) and a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=134). Molecular genetic analysis of rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene, rs8192678 polymorphism of the PPARGC1A gene and rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPARG gene was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of patient genotypes and alleles was compared with the Russian population. Statistical data processing included nonparametric correlation analysis using Pearsons coefficient, calculation of Student's and 2 tests, odds ratios, arithmetic mean values and their standard deviations using GraphPad InStat software. Results. The A allele of the rs9939609 polymorphism of FTO gene increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and early carbohydrate metabolism disorders (OR=2.73, p=0.00007 and OR=4.17; p=0.00002, respectively). The GG genotype of the rs180128 polymorphism of the PPARG gene is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=2.77, p=0.02). Conclusion. The expected association of the rs9939609 FTO polymorphic marker, which determines the development of insulin resistance, with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the presence of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders was obtained.

Objective: to determine, evaluate, and describe different radiological patterns of microbiologically identified nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacterioses (NTPM) based on multislice computed tomography data. Material and methods. The study included 102 patients with radiological signs of lung disease and different types of NTPM. Slowly growing types of NTPM were detected in 62 (60.8 %) patients, and rapidly growing NTPM – in 40 (39.2 %). The diagnosis was established considering a patient’s complaints, a specified case history, radiological and clinical laboratory data including microscopic studies of sputum from 63 (61.8 %) patients, bronchoalveolar lavage and different types of bronchial biopsies data from 19 (18.6 %) patients, samples of lung video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery from 17 (16.7%) patients, pleural fluid samples from 2 (1.9 %) patients, and oropharyngeal wash samples from 1 (1 %) patient. We used the Somatom Emotion 16 multislice computed tomograph (Siemens) and the high-resolution algorithm (HRCT) with 0.8 mm slice thickness and 1.5 mm slice increment. Results. The HRCT data were highly polymorphic and showed interstitial focal changes, different calibre bronchiectasis, conglomerates or cavities, involvements of vessels or pleural layers. In some patients, changes in the axial interstitium were accompanied by single small focal consolidations located either discretely or in small groups. Peribronchovascular spread of dissemination foci in NTPM was detected by HRCT as irregular infiltration of the axial interstitium (vasculitis type). Changes in the bronchial tree in NTPM were characterized by bronchiolitis symptoms (extensive thickening of bronchial walls, bronchioles) with development of the tree-in-bud sign predominantly in the subpleural lung regions. In some cases, bronchiectatic changes formed conglomerate consolidations of sublobular or lobular extent. Changes of the bronchial tree were detected by HRCT predominantly as signs of deforming bronchitis, cylindrical, varicose, or cystic bronchiectasis, either restricted or spread. Changes might be accompanied by single multi-dimensional cystic bronchiectatic cavities. Conclusion. Typical HRCT signs of NTPM are endobronchial and peribronchovascular spread of foci, development of multi-dimensional conglomerates, deforming bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and presence of single multi-dimensional cystic bronchiectatic cavities.

Mutations that prevent the production of proteins in the DMD gene cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Most frequently, these are deletions leading to reading-frame shift. The “reading-frame rule” states that deletions that preserve ORF result in a milder Becker muscular dystrophy. By removing several exons, new genome editing tools enable reading-frame restoration in DMD with the production of BMD-like dystrophins. However, not every truncated dystrophin with a significant internal loss functions properly. To determine the effectiveness of potential genome editing, each variant should be carefully studied in vitro or in vivo. In this study, we focused on the deletion of exons 8–50 as a potential reading-frame restoration option. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 tool, we created the novel mouse model DMDdel8-50, which has an in-frame deletion in the DMD gene. We compared DMDdel8-50 mice to C57Bl6/CBA background control mice and previously generated DMDdel8-34 KO mice. We discovered that the shortened protein was expressed and correctly localized on the sarcolemma. The truncated protein, on the other hand, was unable to function like a full-length dystrophin and prevent disease progression. On the basis of protein expression, histological examination, and physical assessment of the mice, we concluded that the deletion of exons 8–50 is an exception to the reading-frame rule.

Heavy metals content has been analyzed in plant raw materials of the wild hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones the hemp family (Cannabaceae) representative growing on the waste dump "Yuzhny" coal mine "Kedrovsky". This perennial liana is found throughout the Kemerovo region-Kuzbass. It is a valuable medicinal plant material. It contains a rich biologically active compounds complex. Heavy metals content analysis in the studied embryozems samples showed that the maximum values are for Mn (54.438±15.900 mg/kg) and Fe (38.278±9.539 mg/kg), the minimum for Cu (0.218±0.016 mg/kg) and Cd (0.167±0.016 mg/kg). The study did not reveal their excess in comparison with the hygienic standards of maximum permissible concentration (approximate permissible concentration). It was experimentally found that wild hop cones accumulate to a greater extent two biophile elements - Cu and Zn. In addition, there are quite significant differences in the quantitative characteristics of the content of these elements in the seedlings of common hop and conjugated embryozems from the places of its growth. With a slight accumulation of these elements’ mobile forms in embryozems: Zn (1.481 ± 0.101 mg / kg), Cu (0.218 ± 0.016 mg / kg), in plant raw materials, the accumulation of these elements is a priority: Zn - 15.20 ± 0.153 mg / kg, Cu – 5.123±0.054 mg/kg. These elements also describe with the greatest biological mobility. For Cu and Zn, the coefficient of biological mobility (Bx) is maximal in the wild hop cones - 23.50 and 10.26 respectively. Obtained data analysis showed that there was no standardized heavy metals MPC excess in the raw material Humulus lupulus L. adopted for medicinal plant materials, which does not pose a danger to human life and health.

Th e article discusses proposals for the inclusion of an assessment based on the provisions of the national standards of the Russian Federation on the formation of a business continuity management system in order to prevent threats of business termination and their leveling in the methodology of assessing the continuity of an audited entity by an external auditor.

Objective: With the gradual aging of the world’s population, selecting an effective treatment regime for arterial hypertension (AH) becomes increasingly important. This article aims to analyze the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of parent enalapril and generic drugs in elderly patients suffering from AH. Materials and methods: The study is randomized, implying random distribution of patients into study groups. The study was conducted in 2018 among 200 patients diagnosed with AH. All elderly patients (mean age 77.5 ± 1.5 years) were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 was prescribed 10 mg of original enalapril orally, and Group 2 similarly took 10 mg of generic enalapril. The blood pressure of all patients was measured 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11 hours after dosing and one day after treatment. Also, blood samples were taken after blood pressure measurements. Results and Discussion: After 1 hour, differences between Groups 1 and 2 (p ≤ 0.001) were found at the level of 29.84 ng/1 ml for the original drug and 19.01 ng/1 ml for the generic. Further, these values were 38.2 ng/1 ml vs. 28.7 ng/1 ml (p ≤ 0.001) after 2 hours, 36.6 ng/1 ml vs. 26.5 ng/1 ml (p ≤ 0.001) after 4 hours, and 9.2 ng/1 ml vs 5.1 ng/1 ml (p ≤ 0.001) after 24 hours, respectively. The maximum concentration-time curve values for both medications corresponded to the period of 2 hours after administration. Conclusion:Thus, generics are much less effective as an antihypotensive medication than the original enalapril. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 562-569

Sore throat is an acutely common health problem both in Russia and around the world as a whole. This is one of the most common reasons adults and children seek primary specialized care. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics, especially for viral infections of the respiratory tract, such as acute and exacerbation of chronic tonsillopharyngitis, greatly increases the risk of developing and spreading antibiotic resistance. Up to 80% of cases of sore throat have a viral etiology of the disease, and even when the infection is bacterial, except for pyogenic streptococcus, the vast majority of cases do not require systemic antibiotic therapy. However, antibiotics are still often and unreasonably prescribed to treat sore throats. In addition, topical antibiotics for sore throats are widely available over the counter over the counter. The clinical guidelines for the treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis indicate that systemic antibiotic therapy is indicated for patients with sore throat of streptococcal etiology. Considering the growing antibiotic resistance in the world, much attention is paid to over-the-counter treatment of sore throat, which does not contain antibiotics in its composition, namely, the appointment of local anti-inflammatory drugs that can prevent the further development of the infectious process in the throat. The combined local and systemic effects, achieved through local delivery of flurbiprofen to the inflamed tissues in throat, have led to the development of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg in different types of dosage forms (including lozenges and sprays) to treat a sore throat.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most significant social problems of public health. The main pathogenetic factors in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus are a decrease in insulin synthesis by β­cells of Langerhans islets or impaired insulin receptor sensitivity to insulin, which leads to a high risk of insulin resistance and β­cell dysfunction.

The emergence and growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses an enormous threat to humanity in the future. In this regard, the discovery of new antibiotics and the improvement of existing ones is a priority task. In this study, we proposed the synthesis of new polymeric conjugates of polymyxin B, which is a clinically approved but limited-use peptide antibiotic. In particular, three carboxylate-bearing polymers and one synthetic glycopolymer were selected for conjugation with polymyxin B (PMX B), namely, poly(α,L-glutamic acid) (PGlu), copolymer of L-glutamic acid and L-phenylalanine (P(Glu-co-Phe)), copolymer of N-vinyl succinamic acid and N-vinylsuccinimide (P(VSAA-co-VSI)), and poly(2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido-D-glucose) (PMAG). Unlike PGlu and PMAG, P(Glu-co-Phe) and P(VSAA-co-VSI) are amphiphilic and form nanoparticles in aqueous media. A number of conjugates with different polymyxin B loading were synthesized and characterized. In addition, the complex conjugates of PGLu or PMAG with polymyxin B and deferoxamine (siderophore) were obtained. A release of PMX B from Schiff base and amide-linked polymer conjugates was studied in model buffer media with pH 7.4 and 5.8. In both cases, a more pronounced release was observed under slightly acidic conditions. The cytotoxicity of free polymers and PMX B as well as their conjugates was examined in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T cell line). All conjugates demonstrated reduced cytotoxicity compared to the free antibiotic. Finally, the antimicrobial efficacy of the conjugates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined and compared. The lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were observed for polymyxin B and polymyxin B/deferoxamine conjugated with PMAG. Among the polymers tested, PMAG appears to be the most promising carrier for delivery of PMX B in conjugated form due to the good preservation of the antimicrobial properties of PMX B and the ability of controlled drug release.

It was given brief information about the Chinese language and Chinese language communities (from antiquity to the present day) and it was shown the history of the formation of the Chinese language. The oldest monuments of the Chinese language are the inscriptions on the bones and tortoise shells (Jiaguwen), which were used for fortune telling, as well as inscriptions on bronze vessels (Jinwen). In this paper, for the study of hieroglyphic inscriptions on the most ancient artifacts, it is proposed to use a method based on photometry of the investigated surface of the samples and subsequent digital processing of the obtained data on a computer in order to determine the characteristics and parameters of the test sample. To test the method, we used onyx, jasper, and jade specimens, the surface of which is similar to the surface of ancient specimens. Some features of this method for the study of ancient artifacts are noted. The possibility of obtaining reliable results in the study of the most ancient hieroglyphic signs is shown.

Оligoarginines were recently discovered (Lebedev et al., 2019 Nov) as a novel class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) inhibitors, octaoligoarginine R8 showing a relatively high affinity (44 nM) for the α9/α10 nAChR. Since the inhibition of α9/α10 nAChR by α-conotoxin RgIA and its analogs is a possible way to drugs against neuropathic pain, here in a mice model we compared R8 with α-conotoxin RgIA in the effects on the chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), namely on the long-term oxaliplatin induced neuropathy. Tests of cold allodynia, hot plate, Von Frey and grip strength analysis revealed for R8 and α-conotoxin RgIA similar positive effects, expressed most prominently after two weeks of administration. Histological analysis of the dorsal root ganglia sections showed for R8 and RgIA a similar partial correction of changes in the nuclear morphology of neurons. Since α9/α10 nAChR might be not the only drug target for R8, we analyzed the R8 action on rat TRPV1 and TRPA1, well-known nociceptive receptors. Against rTRPV1 at 25 μM there was no inhibition, while for rTRPA1 IC

International audience; In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level and beyond economic disparities at the societal level. These findings show the importance of egalitarian values and gender equality and their paradoxical effect when inequalities are still present in specific areas as parenting. This study reveals the crucial need to act not only at the micro level but also at the macro level to promote gender equality in parenting and prevent parental burnout.