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Ijen Tourism Cluster (ITC) merupakan konsep pengembangan aktivitas ekonomi dan pariwisata melalui pemekaran dan penciptaan destinasi pariwisata baru di kawasan sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. ITC memanfaatkan modal alam dan modal sosial yang terdapat pada kawasan destinasi pariwisata untuk menciptakan aktivitas pariwisata yang berkelanjutan di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan strategi pariwsata berkelanjutan berbasis klaster pariwisata yang memanfaatkan intergrasi antara daya tarik alam dan potensi kelembagaan yang dimiliki oleh masyarkaat lokal dalam aplikasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 kendala utama dalam aplikasi ITC untuk mengembangkan aktivitas pariwisata di kawasan sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. Ketiga kendala tersebut terjadi karena belum optimalnya kapasitas kelembagaan pengelolaan BUDes dan BUMDesa Bersama; rendahnya lama tinggal wisatawan di area sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen; dan rendahnya integrasi klaster antar kawasan destinasi pariwisata disekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. Untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut penelitian ini memberikan solusi berupa penciptaan dan pengembangan creative hub yang berfungsi sebagai wadah inovasi dan kreativitas masyarakat lokal, serta sebagai pusat sarana edukasi dan penguatan potensi pariwisata Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen. Kedepannya area creative hub pada kawasan sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen akan menjadi pusat aktivitas ekonomi, edukasi, dan pelestarian lingkungan bagi masyarakat lokal dan wisatawan.

The article provides information on the biological landscape and agrobiodiversity of the Zaamin National Natural Park. In particular, studies were carried out on the types of microorganisms, plant and animal species growing in the territory of the Zaamin National Natural Park.

With the advent of the golden jackal in the Lower Dnister, certain changes have taken place in natural complexes, which are primarily related to the impact of the new species on the local fauna. Under such conditions, the number of jackals in certain areas, the spatial structure and location of separate packs are important information for the development of measures aimed at maintaining an optimal abundance of this species. Given the active impact of wildlife on natural systems, there are a number of both biological and purely social problems that need to be addressed. The effectiveness of solving such problems directly depends on the level of study of various aspects of biology and ecology of jackals. In addition, knowledge of the current state of the Dnister jackal population allows timely and effective response to new environmental challenges, which are associated with an increase in the abundance of new species and in its impact on the native mammal fauna. The results of the research indicate a certain competition of the jackal with other species of predatory mammals, in particular the fox and the raccoon dog. Thus, within the territories where the study was carried out, with the appearance of the jackal at the lower course of the Dnister, the red fox was not observed at all and the number of raccoon dogs decreased significantly. Habitats of separate jackal groups within the Lower Dnister National Nature Park have been identified and their total abundance has been established. The dynamics of settlement by the species of the Lower Dnister area is analysed, the conservatism of the species in relation to the residential areas is indicated. It has been established that in some parts of the park, in particular on the northern bank of the Dnister Estuary, the density of animals is about 12 individuals per 1000 hectares, which significantly exceeds the permissible sanitary and epidemiological standards. At the same time, in some parts of the floodplains of the Lower Dnister, density exceeds 0.5 individuals per 1000 ha, which indicates a complex spatial distribution of separate packs and groups of jackals. Mapping of the number of jackals in the park showed that groups far from the estuary are smaller in number (6–14 individuals), whereas groups near the estuary are more abundant (13–20 individuals).

Air pollution by heavy metals in the urbanized surroundings presents a serious threat to human health and the environment. Road dust is distinguished as a high-level pollutant and characterized by a significant content of heavy metals. Green spaces play a leading role when it comes to improving the quality of atmospheric air in megalopolises. They trap pollutants. Most of them settle on the surfaces of plant leaves, but some can be also absorbed through the stomata. As a result of these processes, pollutants, along with fallen leaves, can later migrate to other components of the ecosystem. An important component of this system is forest litter that plays a kind of trigger role by regulating the directions of substance flows in the “leaves-litter-soil” system, keeping chemical elements from leaching out and evenly distributing their inflows. Thus, forest litter functions as a sort of biogeochemical barrier and plays a leading role in the ability of ecosystems to self-regulate. Thus, the purpose of this work was to assess the role of green spaces in improving the quality of atmospheric air in the urban surroundings and to conduct a preliminary assessment of the features of the processes of heavy metals transformation within the forest litter. The model site of research is located within the territory of Holosiivskyi forest, a part of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park (Kyiv). The content of heavy metals in the forest litter was determined using the methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of the study of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn content annual dynamics within the forest litter of the hornbeam forest of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park show that the maximum concentrations are typical for the summer period, when the litter reserves sharply decrease, and the minimum ones – for the autumn-winter period during their accumulation. Comparison of the distribution of heavy metals content within the leaf and fermented layers showed that, under the conditions of the model area, Zn, Cu, and Ni are predominantly accumulated right in the leaf layer of the forest litter. Moreover, it was revealed that the processes of leaf litter mineralization lead to migration of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr, and setting of Zn.

An annotated list of new records of butterflies and moths of the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’ is provided. The list includes 103 species, of which 80 are registered in the park for the first time, 60 are new records for Kharkiv Region, and 3 (Trifurcula austriaca van Nieukerken, 1990, Ochsenheimeria capella Möschler, 1860, and Leucoptera genistae (M. Herring, 1933)) are new for Ukraine. Totally, there are 1,364 species of Lepidoptera registered in the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’. There are 13 species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine and 24 species from the Red Data Book of Kharkiv Region of Ukraine registered in the park.

This study reports on the abundance and distribution of mangrove gastropods from Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia (KSNP). The line transect method with quadrats (5m x 5m) was employed to sample the gastropods. Gastropods were collected from the leaves, branches, stems and roots of trees and the mangrove floor. Nineteen gastropod taxa from seven families were recorded from the Bruguiera, mixed (Bruguiera, Avicennia and Rhizophora), Avicennia and Rhizophora zones. Avicennia sp. recorded the largest Girth at Breast Height (GBH) (mean±sd=37.3±18.2 cm) while Bruguiera sp. recorded the smallest GBH (mean=22.36±8 cm). The overall density of the gastropods at KSNP was 0.85 no/m2. The gastropod density was higher at the Avicennia & Rhizophora zone (150-200m (closer to the mudflats) (0.064±0.084 no/m2) followed by the mixed zone (50-150m) (0.046±0.30 no/m2) and lowest at the Bruguiera zone (0-50m) (0.08±0.080 no/m2) (closer to the coastal bund). Gastropod density between sampling zones did not vary significantly (p>0.05) but generally increased from the bund towards the mudflat edge. Further studies of the role of gastropods in the coastal food chain, as bio-indicators of habitat change and as potential food source for local populace are needed.

Spatial planning is a vital process for a rapid and successful development of projects related to wetland management, and thereby projects related to tourism. Tourist activities could provide a boost to the development of general understanding of wetlands and raise public awareness of the functions and the ecosystem services wetlands provide. The tourism economy could be a source of income and could provide employment opportunities in rural areas. However, tourists also have an impact on wetlands. Protected areas accessible to tourists require a comprehensive management. In order to ensure a harmonious relationship between tourism activities and environmental protection, when developing an urban design within a protected area, it is crucial to have a sensitive approach. The paper suggests an approach to the development of the Urban Design "Karaotok", within the Hutovo Blato Nature Park.

During the last decades, against the backdrop of radical social and economic restructuring, the rural environment has changed fundamentally, arising new social and economic dynamics and cultural realities. The second homes development has significantly contributed to this process and created major challenges for the need to protect the rural character. Therefore, with the purpose of integrated and sustainable spatial planning, a detailed acquaintance of second homes’ spatial differentiation as part of contemporary rural landscapes, is a core prerequisite. This study aims to determine the second homes spatial patterns in relation to the main characteristics of the local environment, and to create a practical cornerstone for stakeholders concerned with integrated planning of second home tourism. In order to achieve these goals, this research used five major datasets related to land cover, elevation, climate, management system for protected areas and other social aspects (e.g. tourism, native settlements). Twenty-three variables were defined using GIS and subsequently assigned to grid cells with a size of 1.5 km2. To reduce the dimensionality of spatial datasets, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was performed, resulting seven components that explained 77.2% of the variation. The PCA score was the subject of k-means cluster analysis that revealed nineteen landscape types. Finally, the spatial location of second homes is overlaid with the identified rural landscapes. This approach shows plenty of hidden nuances of second home tourism and facilitates its integration in both spatial, socio-cultural, and administrative dimensions.

The article outlines the details on several noteworthy records of corticoid fungi discovered in the course of mycological observations in Prypiat-Stokhid National Nature Park (Liubeshiv District, Volyn Region) in October, 2019. In Ukraine, Byssocorticium atrovirens is apparently known only from a single record of A. Pilat, 1933, from the present-day territory of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. Piloderma bicolor has been earlier recorded only once from Skole Beskids National Nature Park, while Tomentella lilacinogrisea has been previously found in a single locality in Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. The data on detailed morphological descriptions, ecological peculiarities, substrate specialization, general distribution, photographs of basidiomata and original drawings of microstructures are provided.

The article presents the results of field research conducted in 2020 on the territory of the Ile-Alatau State National Natural Park. As a result of the conducted research, 32 species belonging to 2 families of hemiptera of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha I were identified. Among them, the predominant species composition of the family Lygaeidae is 21 species (66%), and 11 species are known from the family Aradidae (34%). On trophic specialization, they are divided into mycetophagy (11 species), phytophages (21 species, of which politicology – 16 types, wide oligotherapy – 3, narrow oligotherapy – 2). According to the type of food, both taking into account the number and number of species in the complex of hemiptera, phytophages clearly predominate. According to the number of generations per year, the hemiptera of the Ile-Alatau SNNP are divided into 4 groups: acyclic (different stages of development can be found simultaneously throughout the year) – 11 species, monovoltine (one generation per year) - 15 species, bivoltine (two generations per year) – 5 species, polyvoltine (several generations per year) - 1 species. There are 30 species with mesophilic ecology in the study area, only 1 species is hygromesophilus. Among the hemiptera of the Ile-Alatau GNPP, 19 species (61%) overwinter in the imago stage, 11 species (35%) in the imago and larvae stage, and 1 species (4%) in the egg stage.

As a result of mycological research 34 species of coprophilous ascomycetes from 14 genera, 10 families, and 5 orders were recorded on the territory of the Oleshkivski Pisky National Nature Park. Among them 15 species belonged to the class Sordariomycetes, 12 – to Dothideomycetes, and 7 – to Pezizomycetes. Among the orders of the fungi, Sordariales – 12 species, Pleosporales – 11, and Pezizales – 7, occupy the leading position; the rest of the orders revealed the fewer number of species. Among the families, Sporormiaceae, Podosporaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Delitschiaceae, and Sordariacea, were the most abundant regarding the number of species and specimens. The species from the five leading families represent 64,7% of the total number of identified species. Among the found genera of the coprophilous ascomycetes, Coniochaeta, Delitschia, Sordaria, Sporormiella, and Triangularia prevailed by number of species, demonstrating much larger diversity, than others. Environmental conditions inside the park are more favorable for the development of loculoascomycetes and pyrenomycetes. The discomycetes species diversity was much less. The list of recorded fungi and their substrates is presented. All species of ascomycetes were collected on the hare and cattle excrements. Other dung types have not been studied. 31 species are new to the territory of the park, 15 species are new records for the steppe zone of Ukraine. Coniochaeta hansenii and Sporormiella tetramera are first recorded in Ukraine. Descriptions, illustrations, synonyms and general distribution are provided for them. C. hansenii is a fairly common and widespread species in the world, occurring mainly on the leporid droppings. In the park, this species was also collected on hare dung. S. tetramera also belongs to the widespread but rare species of coprophilous ascomycetes, known from isolated records in a few countries. It was collected on the hare excrements in the park. Сoniochaeta leucoplaca, Delitshia perpusilla and Triangularia comata were collected for the first time in the steppe zone of Ukraine and for the second time in the country. У результаті дослідження копрофільних аскоміцетів Національного природного парку «Олешківські піски» було виявлено 34 види грибів із 14 родів, 10 родини та 5 порядків. Це представники трьох класів: Sordariomycetes – 15 видів, Dothideomycetes – 12, Pezizomycetes – 7. Серед порядків найчисельнішими є Sordariales – 12 видів, Pleosporales – 11 та Pezizales – 7. У родинному спектрі грибів переважають представники Sporormiaceae, Podosporaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Delitschiaceae та Sordariacea, які об’єднують 64,7% загальної кількості виявлених видів аскоміцетів. Серед родів переважають Coniochaeta, Delitschia, Sordaria, Sporormiella та Triangularia. Екологічні умови території парку є більш сприятливими для розвитку локулоаскоміцетів і піреноміцетів. Кількість знахідок видів дискоміцетів є незначною. Представлено список зареєстрованих видів грибів, для кожного виду вказано локалітети та живильні субстрати. Всі види грибів зібрані на посліді зайця та корови. Інші типи копром не досліджувались. З виявлених видів аскоміцетів 31 наводиться вперше для території парку, 15 є новими для степової зони України. Два види аскоміцетів є новими для мікобіоти України та Східної Європи: Coniochaeta hansenii та Sporormiella tetramera. У статті представлено їх діагнози та фото, обговорюються деталі морфології, субстратної приуроченості та поширення у світі. C. hansenii є досить звичайним та поширеним у світі видом, що переважно трапляється на екскрементах зайцеподібних.На території парку також була зібрана на копромах зайця. S. tetramera належить до поширених у світі, але рідкісних видів копрофільних аскоміцетів, відомих з поодиноких знахідок у небагатьох країнах. У парку зібрана на посліді зайця. Знахідки Сoniochaeta leucoplaca, Delitshia perpusilla та Triangularia comata є новими для території степової зони України та вдруге наводяться для нашої держави.

Objective: This study was aimed at conducting a pilot survey of the ethno-medicinal plants in Finima Nature Park (FNP), Bonny, Nigeria, to elicit common medicinal plants and their uses. Method: A set of structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from three key informants (Traditional Medicine Practitioners-TMPs) and 62 household heads on the local medicinal utilization of plants in FNP. Plant utilization and preferences, perceived conservation status and use values were documented. Results: Eighty-three (83) plant species belonging to 45 Botanical families were frequently collected from FNP for local medicinal purposes. Rubiaceae was the most abundant (8%) plant family while the plant forms showed trees (46%), herbs (23%), shrubs (21%) and ferns (3%). Plant parts used for local medicine included leaves (44%), stem/barks (21%), roots (16%), whole plant (5%), fruits (5%), seeds (6%), tubers (2%) and flowers (1%). Infectious diseases were the most treated (30%), urogenital and endocrine diseases - such as thyroid (15%) and abdominal diseases (11%). Oral (62%) and dermal (30%) constitutes the main modes of administration. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. had the highest use value (3.5 - 4) while Ocimum gratissimum Linn., Vernonia amygdalina Delile and Alchornea cordifolia Schumach. & Thonn had the least (1). Perceived conservation status of medicinal plants by respondents revealed scarce (9%), threatened (31%) and abundance (60%). Conclusion: Finima Nature Park (FNP) is a repository of medicinal genetic resource and as such, its conservation should be upheld.

The territory of Podilski Tovtry National Natural Park covers an area of 261 315 ha, 72 % of which are cultivated lands that facilitated the expansion of 335 adventive species. Research on invasive plant and animal species was carried out during field surveys in 1996–2019. More than 220 geobotanical descriptions were compiled applying the Brown-Blanque method. In this territory, 26 species display distinct aggression and are referred to as invasive, which belong to 15 families of the class Magnoliopsida and division Magnoliophyta. By origin, Northern American species prevail (15 species) followed by Asian (6) and European (5) species. By life form, annual herbal plants (therophytes) and trees predominate. Тherophytes mainly represent the family Asteraceae. The studies of the phytocenosis showed that the invasive species are part of 19 vegetation classes. The invasive species settled in 14 natural communities and they grow in 10 rare (singular) aggregations. To reduce the impact of invasive species on rare habitats and communities it is necessary to take measures to restore the natural vegetation cover. In the territory of Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park, 7 species of vertebrate animals are considered invasive, the naturalisation of which threatens and has negative influence on the local fauna. Another 6 species of birds and mammals, due to natural range expansion and anthropogenic changes of abiotic environmental factors, settled in urban landscapes and were introduced by means of synanthropisation; they can be considered as close invaders. Motacilla citreola occurs in wet meadows and has an unstable abundance, thus it belongs to propulsive species. Another 11 bird species appear in the surveyed territory during the autumn and winter periods or in separate years. Their invasiveness is possible due to abundance fluctuations during migration and changes in their migration routes because of the influence of trophic factors.

The article presents data on the appearance, spatial distribution, and ecological features of the golden jackal in the Tuzlivski Lymany National Nature Park. The estimated abundance of the jackal population is given along with its influence on local fauna of the national nature park. During the 20 years since the first jackals were recorded in the Ukrainian Black Sea coast, the jackal has become well-adapted to natural ecosystems of the Tuzlivski Lymany National Nature Park. Suitable protection and foraging conditions are provided in the park for this predator by steppe areas, sandbars of the Black Sea coast, and the artificial Lebedivskiy forest. For nursing the puppies, in addition to open natural habitats, especially reeds of wetlands, shrubs in the artificial forest, the jackal also uses burrows dug by itself. Currently, there are at least five jackal groups in the territory of the park. The number of broods and size of jackal groups fluctuates depending on seasonal climatic conditions and water level in the estuaries, which determine the availability of food and the character of hunting. The number of jackals in the park and surrounding areas was higher in 2020 than in the period when the water level in the estuaries was higher, and the number of jackals reached about 150 specimens. The population density of jackals in the park and surrounding areas is about 10 specimens per 1000 hectares. During the five years of observations in 2015 to 2020, the number of jackals increased slightly in the Tuzlivski Lymany National Nature Park due to the expansion of dry meadows to areas of former shoals. The area of sandbars has also increased providing access to the island systems where birds used to nest making these lands attractive for jackals as foraging sites. There is no sharp tendency to increase in the number of common jackals in the park. However, due to the likelihood of infection and spread of rabies by this predator species, some recreational areas should use rabies vaccine for oral immunisation of carnivores against rabies, which was done in September 2020 in the Lebedivskiy Forest tract of the park.

Diversity of trout (genus Salmo) in Croatia is still not well described on several levels, resulting in numerous taxonomic controversies and accumulation of conservation problems, especially in protected areas. The aim of this study was to determine genetic diversity and spatial distribution of trout in Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park in Croatia using mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and to estimate the stability of their populations for conservation. Effective population sizes and migration rates, and intraspecific and intrapopulational genetic diversities were also estimated. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed three evolutionary independent and genetically distinct lineages, comprising 26 haplotypes. Majority of samples and haplotypes belong to S. labrax, the native species for this region. Even though S. labrax is widespread in the watercourses of the park and is present with moderately high genetic diversity, haplotypes of non-native S. trutta and S. marmoratus were also observed. In addition to the presence of non-native trout species, survival of native trout in this area is also endangered by habitat fragmentation and other anthropogenic pressures, causing conservational concern.

Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak is located in Mertak Village, Pujut, Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak has various potential tourist objects. This study aims to explain the influence of tourism products and electronic word of mouth on the decision to visit with destination images as a mediating variable in Gunung Tunak Nature Park. This research is a causal and associative research through a quantitative approach. The population in this study are visitors who visit the Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak. The sample used in this study were 109 respondents with accidental sampling method. Based on the results of the analysis of the influence of tourism products and e-WOM on visiting decisions, it is concluded that the variables of tourism products and e-WOM have a significant positive effect on the variable of tourist decisions to visit in Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak. Then the tourism product variables and e-WOM have a positive effect on the image of the destination, and the variable of destination image has a positive effect on the decision to visit. In addition, the variable of destination ctra also partially mediates the effect of wsata and e-WOM products on the decision to visit tourists. Keywords: Tourism Product, Electronic Word of Mouth, Destination Image, and Visit Decision

Several methods of studying the impact of recreational load on the landscape complexes are analyzed. It is shown that the main indicator of the recreational load is the condition of soil and vegetation. The condition and reaction to external influences serve as diagnostic signs of stages of recreational digression. There are five stages of recreational digression, in which various researchers (Kazanskaya et al., 1977; Rysin, 1983; Marfenina et al., 1987; Gensiruk et al., 1987; Prędki, 1999, Shlapak, 2003; Methodical recommendations…, 2003; Rysin L. & Rysin S., 2008) suggest using the following indicators of the state of natural complexes: 1) quantitative and qualitative changes in vegetation in meadows or the presence / absence of forest litter in forest complexes, 2) soil compaction, 3) the width of the trail, the presence of additional or parallel trails, 4) the growth of erosion processes and the microrelief of the trail. For the IV and V stages of recreational digression, it is proposed (Brusak, 2018) to use the indicator "degree of recreational digression" to reflect qualitative changes in the microrelief of trails, which includes trail width, erosion, amount of loose material in general and from 1 m² of the trail. Full-scale studies of tourist routes conducted in Carpathian NNP and Skolivski Beskydy NNP attest to the possibility of using different qualitative and quantitative characteristics of these indicators with a purpose to distinguish different stages of recreational digression. In general, the following time series of changes in the state of components of natural complexes are distinguished: vegetation (meadow) or forest litter (forest) → soils → relief → geological substrate. In the initial stages of recreational degression the forest litter is damaged, crushed and trampled into the upper humus-accumulative horizon. The stocks of forest litter on the trails are more than 1 kg•m⁻², and their water holding capacity is much higher than that of forest litter in the control area. With increasing recreational load, heavily shredded forest litter is washed away by rain and melt water, forming on both sides of the so-called "rollers". As follows forest litter reserves are less than 1 kg•m⁻², or complete absence. A significant reduction in forest litter reserves on trails leads to overcompaction of the upper soil horizons. Their density increases almost twice compared to the control. Erosion processes occur on a highly compacted surface, which causes the removal of a significant amount of loose material from 1 m² of the trail. So, indicators of the state of natural complexes in conditions of recreational activity are quantitative and qualitative changes in vegetation within meadow ecosystems or the presence / absence of forest litter in forest ecosystems, soil compaction, trail width, the presence of additional / parallel trails, depth of erosion cut and the amount of loose material from 1 m² of the trail. Key words: recreational load, stage of recreational digression, tourist routes, forest litter, soil structure density, depth of erosion cut.

The paper contains a synopsis of rare component of flora of Halych National Nature Park forest ecosystems, as well as evaluation of distribution trends of rare vascular plant species and the state of their populations. Being established in 2004, the Park is located in Halych district of Ivano-Frankivsk region on the area of 14684.8 ha. Forests occupy the biggest part of its territory (81.1 %), among which predominate poor and mixed oak (Querceta roboris), beech (Fageta sylvaticae) and hornbeam (Carpineta betuli) woods. Inventory check of plant cover of the forest ecosystems has been done between 2008-2019 years. According to the results of our study, within the forests and forest margins grow 303 vascular plant species, out of which 63 are rare (20.8 %). The list of rare species is composed of species included to the Red Data Book of Ukraine, of species protected by international conventions and directives and complemented by species that are threatened within the study region. Species were considered as threatened if the number of localities and / or population size were small. Regionally rare species were selected based on the analyzes of results of our field survey and materials of herbarium collections. We have found that the third part of rare species (33.3 %) has high coenotic amplitude and a bit less species (26.2 %) favor forest margins. Rare species having low coenotic amplitude are confined to beech woods (19.1 %). Rare species are considerably distinguished by occurrence. Species with scarce occurrence predominate. For instance, 61 % of the species were found in 1-5 localities, of which 25 species occur only in one or two sites. Share of species growing in 6-10 localities within the Park is equal to 26.6 %. Only a small percentage (6.2 %) of rare species comprises species with relatively frequent occurrence (11–20 localities as well as more than 20 cites). Rare species of the Park forests with the highest occurrence rate are Lilium martagon and some members of Orchidaceae family. Predominantly, rare species have populations of small size, for instance, 81.2 % of the species were found in quantities of a few plants – several hundreds of individuals. The most threatened are species general number of which at the Park area is several plants (15.6 %). These species are as follows: Circaea alpina, Atropa bella-donna, Campanula latifolia, Phyteuma spicatum, Epipactis atrorubens etc. The biggest groups comprise species with general number of few tens and several hundreds of individuals (totally 65.6 %). Species with big populations represent far smaller part of forest rare species. Nine rare species grow in the number of several thousands of plants within the Park and three species (Allium ursinum, Galanthus nivalis and Leucojum vernum) – over a million. It has been established that 52.4 % of rare species populations taken together remain in critically bad state, 28.6 % of the populations – in bad state, 14.3 % – in satisfactory state. Only 4.8 % of populations are in good state. Our results show that about 95 % of species are in need of protection and continuous monitoring of population number. Furthermore, 51 species of rare plants,having low number and bad state of populations, require to work out and implement management plans for their restoration. Key words: rare species, vascular plants, population state, species occurrence, population number

Currently, many protected natural areas (PNA) implement geographic information systems (GIS) and technologies for structuring and managing collected spatial data to support of monitoring and scientific research. GIS of protected areas may be developed based on various software products and characterized by different level of functionality. Also, online web map services on this topic are being developed, which provide access to data not for employees only, but also for users. This paper focuses on the development of a web-GIS of the Kondinsky Lakes natural park located in the Tyumen region of Russian Federation and ensuring the preservation of unique river systems, landscapes, cultural and historical natural monuments. The web service includes cartographic layers and attribute data to characterize the main activities of the natural park. GIS layers are divided into thematic groups and contain information about flora and fauna, forest fires, logged areas, resting places and objects of the oil and gas mining in the park. The project is implemented using Leaflet, a popular open source web application development library. The code was written using the markup language HTML 5, CSS 3 and JavaScript. Data management is implemented using PostgreSQL DBMS. The publication is created based on the open GIS server Geoserver. The data structure and functionality of the developed web service is also presented. The developed web service can be used by both employees of the natural park (to develop the content of the databases) and its visitors, as well as organizations working in the field of environmental education and tourism.

Introduction. Holosiivskyi National Nature Park is a unique, by its location, protected area. Parts of the park are located within the administrative boundaries of the city of Kyiv and include extensive, by area, forest plots. The park consists of three parts: Central (Holosiivskyi forest and other tracts), Southern (Lisnyky), and, since 2014, Northern (Svyatoshyn-Bilychi). The latter has the largest area – 6462.62 ha. Data on the chiropterofauna of this massif were incomplete. Bats are an essential element of terrestrial ecosystems. All bat species in Ukraine have a protection status, according to the Red Book of Ukraine and three international treaties. For effective conservation measures for species of this group, it is necessary to own data on their distribution, number, status, etc. As well, the study and monitoring of fauna are one of the primary tasks of national nature parks. Серія «Біологічні науки», 202125Purpose. The aim of the work was to describe the bat fauna of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychi massif of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, based on results of the field research conducted in 2019–2020, with the involvement of data collected in 2000–2005.Methods. Catching was carried out with mist nets. Bats were examined by the standard scheme, immediately after their capture. The study was done without removing animals from the wild; bats were released immediately after their examination at the place of their capture. Ultrasonic detectors were used for acoustic observations. The search of roosts was done by social vocalization of bats, presence of feces, night and morning swarming; as well structures which might be potential shelters for bats were inspected.Results. During 2000–2020, at the territory of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychi massif, nine bat species were recorded: Eptesicus serotinus, Myotis dasycneme, M. daubentonii, Nyctalus leisleri, N. noctula,Plecotus auritus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, P. nathusii, P. pygmaeus. Thus, today the list of bat fauna of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychi massif includes 10 species: 9, recorded; 1 species, Nyctalus lasiopterus, known by the record of the first half of the 20th century, was not revealed. According to the results of the survey in 2019–2020, four species were found to be dominants, in terms of the number of record points and their representation in catches: P. nathusii, P. pygmaeus, N. noctula, N. leisleri. During the survey, six species were confirmed to breed at the study area. 11 bat roosts were found; most of them, in trees.Originality. A comprehensive inventory of the chiropterofauna of the large protected area of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychimassif of the Holosiivskyi National Park was carried out for the first time. The first and the only one known Myotis dasycneme maternity colony in Kyiv region was found.Conclusion. The initial description of the chiropterofauna of the Svyatoshyn-Bilychi massif of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park is presented. The obtained data can be used in the development and further implementation of practical measures for the conservation of bats within the territory of the Holosiivskyi National Nature Park and represent the basis for bat monitoring in the future. Key words: bats, fauna, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, Kyiv City, Central Ukraine.

The importance of conserving biodiversity, reflected in a number of international instruments other than the Convention on Biological Diversity. In this context, rare visions deserve special attention, which are the most understandable, because rarity precedes extinction. Especially relevant are the studies of rare views in the Ukrainian Carpathians, which is the smallest anthropogenically altered territory of Ukraine. Conservation of biotic diversity in this region is of European importance, which is reflected in the international "Framework Convention for the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians". Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the rare phytogenus fund allow to characterize the level of uniqueness of flora, serve as a basis for the formation of regional Red Lists and allow to organize adequate environmental measures. Sozological characteristics of flora of different levels imply, for all, the analysis of representation is transformed into its composition of taxa listed in the "red" lists of different levels – international, national, regional. A rare component of the flora of the Verkhovynsky National Nature Park includes 125 species of vascular plants with international, national and regional sociological status.Of these, 64 species of plants listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 3 species listed in the IUCN Red List, 7 species listed in the European Red List, 2 species – in Annex I of the Bern Convention, 2 species – in Annexes IIb and IVb of the EU Directive on the conservation of population and species of natural fauna and flora. 21 species – listed in CITES Appendix II, 26 species in the Regional Red List. Thus, a third (32.3%) of the "Red Book" species of vascular plants of the Ivano-Frankivsk region are protected on the territory of the Park, in addition, it is 29.9% of the "Red Book" species of plants of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The leading families of the rare component of the flora of Verkhovynsky National Park are Orchidaceae. The second and third positions are occupied by the breeds Ranunculaceae and Asteraceae.In general, the first three families account for 39.6% of the species composition of the list. In total, the first nine taxa cover more than two thirds (64.9%) of the species composition of the list. According to the results of good analysis, it is established that the number of rare species and their localities located on the mountain massifs: Gnetesa-Fatiya Banului, Preluky-Hitanka, Lostun-Glistuvata, Palenytsia-Komanova, and attached to the largest rare species to the mid-mountain phenomenon.

The article examines the definition of "ecological tourism" and identifies the place of the Chernihiv region by the number of monuments of landscape art. The uniqueness of the Mezyn National Nature Park in terms of the diversity of flora and fauna has been proved. A list of conduct rules in the park has been developed to reduce the anthropogenic burden on nature. The characteristics of the eco-trail on the territory of "Rykhlivska dacha" are highlighted. The current state of Internet marketing of nature parks was analyzed and the need to create additional tools for promoting Mezyn National Nature Park is revealed. The availability of social networks like Instagram and TikTok was proved and meaningful content was offered.

Regional parks in Lithuania preserve the most valuable physical and cultural components of the landscape, NATURA 2000 habitats, etc. They are usually located in natural or semi-natural landscapes of rural areas. These territories, however, have a higher depopulation rate than urbanised districts. Still, conservation priority areas were expected to attract young families as permanent residents and make their population more stable. This study aims to investigate changes in the rural population in three regional parks of the Klaipėda county to determine the number of abandoned villages (with no residents) and vanishing ones (with a population < 5), as compared to territories with no conservation regime. The article examines migration as one of the determinants of depopulation. The analysis of national and local statistics, institutional documents, and structured interviews revealed that the conservation regime applied in regional parks did not necessarily encourage local people to stay or newcomers to arrive. Proximity to the sea and towns with developed social infrastructure remains a priority when looking for a residence in the countryside.

This paper presents an asymmetry of meanings and values that different human agents who occupy the same geographical space ascribe to distinct wildlife species. This asymmetry is the result of these agents’ roles in the area and their contrasting epistemologies. The agents in question comprise the Goričko Nature Park as a conservation institution and inhabitants of the park, especially farmers. In most parks, the relationship between professionals and inhabitants is crucial to the park’s sustainability. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to point at a selected neuralgic point which divides the two. At stake is that both agents ascribe importance to wildlife species, but to different ones and for different reasons. While the park focuses on protected species, inhabitants are occupied with non-protected ones. Whereas the park projects positive values on species of its concern, inhabitants ascribe negative characteristics to species of their concern. The paper illustrates these disparate attitudes to wildlife and calls for a less biased park agenda which could benefit the park’s conservation project, yet it also acknowledges the lack of resources which hinders the park in properly fulfilling its role in the local web of relationships.

The National Nature Park «Nyzhnyodniprovsky» is located in the south of Ukraine in the Kherson region. According to a preliminary analysis, the flora of the NNP «Nyzhnyodniprovsky» has 516 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 313 genera and 100 families During the expeditionary research on the territory of Nizhnedneprovsky National Park in 2019-2020, an inventory of flora was conducted and species that were not previously listed for the territory of the national nature park were identified – 58 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 42 genera and 22 families. Of the 58 species, 19 are listed firstly for territory of NNP, others are noted in the literature, 32 of them are noted for the lower reaches of the Dnieper and seven – for the modern territory of NNP. From the total number of locations found 15 species were recorded in the steppe areas.

Carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities of the «Prypiat-Stokhid» National Nature Park have been investigated in five types of forest in 2006 with using pitfall Barber traps method. 49 species from 25 genuses were registered. The highest carabid catchability were observed in wet alder and fresh hornbeam-oak forests and the lowest in dry pine and fresh oak-pine forests. Generally 4 carabid species prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger. In the dry pine forest prevailed: Syntomus truncatellus, Broscus cephalotes, Harpalus flavescens, Pterostichus strenuus, Calathus erratus, Oodes helopioides. In the fresh oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Agonum duftschmidi, Carabus violaceus, C. hortensis, Oodes helopioides, Pterostichus minor, P. niger. In the fresh hornbeam-oak forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. Nigrita. In the wet oak-pine forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, Epaphius secalis, Pterostichus rhaeticus, Carabus arcensis, Pterostichus minor. In the wet alder forest prevailed: Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, Carabus hortensis, Oxypselaphus obscurus, Pterostichus niger, P. melanarius.

The importance of protected areas rich in forest ecosystems rapidly grows. Forests in parks become recreation centres for cities near protected areas having strong health function. Thus, also Medvednica Nature Park near Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, is frequently used as lungs of the city. The research presented in this article aims to valorise the health function of the Forest Ecosystem Service (FES) in the Nature Park and develop the Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) methodology to be used for the assessment of the introduction of the entrance fee payment for the Park. The article provides a methodological framework for validation of health function of the forest ecosystem of the Medvednica Nature Park. It also brings a socio-economic assessment of the health function of the forests in the Park. The measurement results and assessments emphasize the need to raise public awareness of health benefits of FES and FES in general.

This work is the first attempt to make up an inventory of the fauna of rove beetles in the Hutsulshchyna National Natural Park (Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast), which was created in 2002 and has an area of 32,271 hectares. The modern territory of the park has never been the object of special scientific research on the fauna of rove beetles of the Aleocharinae subfamily. As a result, information about the finds of representatives of the Aleocharinae subfamily has been obtained from the study of the largest collection of rove beetles in Ukraine, which contains both modern collections and collections of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The collection was formed by Marian-Aloiz Lomnitski and was further developed and replenished with collections from different parts of Ukraine and the world by several generations of Ukrainian and European entomologists. For the moment, the collection is kept in the funds of the State Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and contains more than 1,500 specimens, which belong to more than 300 species and are of great historical and scientific value. As a result of the conducted studies, 30 species belonging to 18 genera are reported for the first time for the fauna of the Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park, of which 4 species (Atheta corvina (Thomson, 1856), Schistoglossa viduata (Erichson, 1837), Leptusa puellaris puellaris (C. Hampe, 1863), Silusa rubra (Erichson, 1839)) are reported for the first time for the territory of Ukraine. The species and specimens (with references, data of their distribution in Europe, as well as substrate and biotope preferences of adults) are listed. The obtained data will later on provide an opportunity to expand the understanding of the distribution of species – specifically for faunal research, as well as for biogeographic modelling.

The aims this researc to analyze the biotic index of dragonflies (Odonata) in the Suranadi Nature Park. This research is a descriptive exploratory research. The method used in data collection is the survey method on predetermined transect lines, namely the forest left, right, middle forest and river paths. Data retrieval is done 2 times in 1 month in the morning at 08.00-11.00 WIB and evening at 15.00 - 17.00 WIB. The results showed that the biotic index of dragonflies in Suranadi Nature Park showed that there were 3 species that had the greatest biotic index, namely Gynacantha subinterupta, Zyxomma obtusum and Libelago linearis. There are 13 species that have a biotic index of 0-2. The conclusion is that the dragonfly biotic index in Suranadi Nature Park is more in the 0-2 category, which means that dragonflies still have a wide distribution so they are very commonly found throughout the Suranadi Nature Park.

In 2017–2019, a survey of the mammal faune of the Sviatoshynsko-Bilychansky forest, which is located nearby to the northwestern outskirts of Kyiv, was carried out. The following species of mammals were recorded: Neomys fodiens, Neomys anomalus, Sorex araneus, Sorex minutus, Talpa europaea, Erinaceus concolor, Alces alces, Capreolus capreolus, Sus scrofa, Lepus europaeus, Sciurus vulgaris, Castor fiber, Ondatra zibeticus, Muscardinus avellanarius, Apodemus agrarius, Sylvaemus flavicollis, Sylvaemus sylvaticus, Micromys minutus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Vulpes vulpes, Lutra lutra, Meles meles, Mustela vison, Martes martes, and Martes foina.

Introduction. Under the influence of anthropogenic pressures, as well as natural conditions, tourist facilities are gradually losing valuable recreational properties. To preserve and restore them requires a set of measures, which, in our opinion, is hardly possible without identifying the recreational opportunities of individual resources. The main numerical indicator of such opportunities is considered to be the recreational resource potential (RRP) of a separate territory. The purpose of this work is to determine the degree of anthropogenic impact on the recreational and resource potential of a particular area (upper reaches of the Prut River), taking into account the results of field and laboratory surveys. Methods. The method of RRP detection is based on detailed field studies. Precipitation samples were taken in the form of rain and snow. A set of hydrochemical studies was also conducted to assess the anthropogenic load on the selected area.Research results. For one of the most popular hiking trails (route to Hoverla) in the comfortable period of the year the number of vacationers increases significantly and is, respectively: May - 83.5 people / day, June - 124.4 people / day, July - 206 , 8 people / day, August - 132.4 people / day and September - 40.5 people / day. Although in the park precipitation is formed in conditions relatively clean of anthropogenic pollution, there is a noticeable tendency to their acidification. In 2018, precipitation belonging to acidic and weakly acidic accounted for 30% of the samples taken, and in 2019 - 33.3%. The pH ranged from 3.9 to 5.6 units. Almost all hydrochemical parameters of the Prut River in the study area are within acceptable limits. However, there is a clear increase in the total mineralization in the areas below the wastewater discharges, compared with the background areas. A similar pattern is observed with the nitrogen group.Conclusions. Due to good aeration of water in the Prut River, all biological, physicochemical and biochemical processes are very intensive and, accordingly, the process of self-cleaning of the reservoir is very fast, so the water quality in it remains stable and close to the natural state of the reservoir. As a result, it is shown that it is necessary to effectively implement measures for the protection and restoration of tourist resources, as well as to identify ways to rationally use them.

An annotated list of new records of butterflies and moths of the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’ is provided. The list includes 85 species, of which 46 are registered in the park for the first time, 24 are new records for Kharkiv Region, and 1 (Phtheochroa unionana (Kennel, 1900)) is new for Ukraine. Totally, there are 1,284 species of Lepidoptera registered in the National Nature Park ‘Dvorichanskyi’. There are 12 species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine and 23 species from the Red Data Book of Kharkiv Region of Ukraine registered in the park.

The additional data to the list of butterflies and moths of Ichnia National Nature Park is given. There are original records for 91 lepidopterous species from 78 genera of 12 families presented. Actually, 42 species from 37 genera of 10 families are recorded in the Ichnia National Nature Park for the first time. Recently the checklist of Lepidoptera of Ichnia National Nature Park and its immediate environs (taking into account the species from the previously published list) includes 633 known species from 379 genera of 31 families. According to the number of registered species, the following Lepidoptera families prevail in the fauna of Ichnia National Nature Park: Noctuidae (190 species from 99 genera), Geometridae (147 species from 83 genera), Tortricidae (70 species from 35 genera), Erebidae (36 species from 27 genera), Pyralidae (34 species from 25 genera) and Crambidae (24 species from 18 genera). The best studied is the territory of Arboretum ‘Trostianets’ of the National Academy of ciences of Ukraine (as a separate component of Ichnia National Nature Park), where 506 lepidopterous species from 302 genera of 21 families were registered. In other parts of the Ichnia National Nature Park 156 species from 133 genera of 27 families were recorded. It shows a lack of knowledge of its Lepidoptera diversity as a whole.

The article analyzes the sites of Yavoriv National Nature Park, which are of great recreational and tourist importance. The features of the development of ecological tourism in Yavoriv National Nature Park are highlighted, the tourism and resource potential of the park is estimated. The problems and prospects of using the region's recreational and tourism resources were noted. The reasons for hindering the further development of the tourist and recreational industry in the park are indicated. National nature parks create a unique opportunity to coordinate the tasks of nature conservation with the needs of balanced use of natural resources and rest of the population. Yavoriv National Nature Park is a catalyst for the sustainable development of the region and a base for the development of recreational, tourist, environmental, environmental, scientific, as well as an incentive for the development of related types of entrepreneurial activity in the area. Information on the species diversity of the park makes it possible to develop and implement measures aimed at preserving biotic, ecosystem, landscape diversity, sustainable nature and improving the socio-economic standard of living of the local population. Yavoriv National Nature Park has significant natural, historical and cultural resources. There are many attractive places for the development of cognitive tourism: numerous picturesque hills-remains with rocky outcrops of massive limestones and calcareous sandstones, caves, boulders of Scandinavian origin; favorable conditions have also arisen for the development of various types of tourism: local cognitive, sacral, sports (hiking, horseback, cycling), skilled tourism (fishing). Recreational activities on the territory of the park are a direct investment in the economic development of the region, it is carried out by creating favorable conditions for visitors' recreation and covers: arrangement of ecological and tourist routes and recreation areas; organization of ecological camps for schoolchildren and youth; involvement of the local population in recreational activities (provision of paid services for visitors in accommodation, meals and support); providing information services through print, photo and video production, production of information stands; Attraction and cooperation with the recreational institutions of the region to visit the park territory.

The article presents the results of the research on the freshwater mollusc communities of Shatsk National Nature Park water bodies. Shatsky Lakes are located on the water­shed of water basins of the Baltic and the Black seas, that implies a wide diversity of species and a high level of dynamics of the hydrofauna status. The wetlands of the area, like the whole territory of Polissia, underwent a major transformation in the 1970s through the drainage reclamation. Subsequently, the Shatsk National Nature Park was unable to provide the effective management of the hydrological regime. Svityaz and Pisochne Lakes, used for the recreational purposes, were severely affected, as a result, the rate of their eutrophication increased. The climatic anomalies of recent years have contributed to further development of these changes. Eutrophication manifests itself in the overgrowth of the shoreline and shallows eventually leading to an increase in the density and diversity of water molluscs groups. Two classes of molluscs – the Gastropoda and the Bivalvia – represent the malacofauna of Schatsky Lakeland. Pulmonata subclass includes most freshwater molluscs, with domination of the gastropods. 22 species of molluscs were found during the study in the low-mesotrophic lakes of Svitiaz and Pisochne, 7 of which occurred only in one body of water, and 15 were common to both. Dreissena polymorpha is the dominating mollusc species in Svityaz Lake, and Lymnaea stagnalis – in Pisochne Lake. The molluscs of the invasive species – Potamopyrgus jenkinsi, whose ecological parameters have not been studied in the new location yet, can pose a threat to the indigenous species of molluscs and other organisms. Schistosomatidae larvae – furco cercarie that cause human cercarial dermatitis in Europe – were found in the molluscs under study. The representatives of Trichobilharzia and Bilcharziella genera are the most common pathogenic agents of the disease. Selective examination of individuals of nine species of molluscs (Lymnaea stagnalis, L. palustris, L. peregra, Planorbarius corneus, Planorbis planorbis, Anisus vortex, Viviparus viviparus, V. contectus, Bithynia tentaculata) revealed the invasions by the trematode partenits, including schistosomes.

This article analyzes the development of ecotourism on the basis of tourist facilities in the Zaamin National Nature Park.The tourist attractions of the Zaamin National Nature Park have been explored.Tourism is emergingas a network that attracts people, explores the nature, culture, and customs of peoples, and not only provides recreation and health, but also accelerates economic growth

As a result of the research performed at SNNP “Kolsai Koldery”, we noted 26 species of hemipterans, belonging to 3 families. According to nutrition connections the identified hemipterans are 6 species are phytophages: polyphages (4 %), wide oligophages (22 %), 1 species - zoophytophage (4 %), the remaining 16 species are mycetophages (70 %). By confinement to the habitats, the hemipterans of SNNP “Kolsai Koldery”are divided into several groups: dendrobionts (15 species), hortobionts (6 species), herpetobionts (2 species). On the territory of SNNP “Kolsai Koldery”according to ecological features, all identified species are mesophiles. For the true bugs of SNNP “Kolsai Koldery” all known types of voltinism are characteristic: monovoltinism (6 species), bivoltinism (1 species), acyclic species (16 species).

This article discusses the tasks and features of the organization of nature parks within the boundaries of the Baikal Natural Territory, the phenomenon of which is reflected in Russia’s only federal law of a natural site, Lake Baikal, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site and the main purpose of which implies not only natural environment conservation but also a further development of the infrastructure ensuring visits to natural sites. It is found that the category of protected natural areas of a regional significance, “nature parks”, meets best the aforementioned objectives. An overview of international experience of the establishment of regional nature parks is presented. A classification of nature parks has been carried out, which subdivides them into three conditional groups according to the distance from large settlements, the location relative to the other protected areas, the type of visitors, the quality and level of visited natural, cultural and historical sites as well as the state of the environment. The situation with the dragging out the establishment of new nature parks within the Baikal Natural Territory is discussed, in spite of the numerous initiatives and the previously prepared ecological-geographical substantiations for them. Only one nature park, Ivano-Arakhleiskii, has been established within the boundaries of the Baikal Natural Territory, and a further two parks, Shumak and Arei, are located in the vicinity of the boundaries of this territory. It is concluded that, in view of high anthropogenic pressures on the coast of Lake Baikal, they will provide access to the other natural territories by establishing the necessary infrastructure thus “drawing” to them the excessively great interest in the lake coast. This paper presents a list of 25 nature parks within the Baikal Natural Territory. Three nature parks in Irkutsk oblast: Nature Park of the City of Angarsk (the Angarskii and Usol’skii administrative districts), Vityaz’ (Shelekhovskii district) and Okunaiskii (Swan Lakes) (Kazachinsko-Lenskii district) located in the ecological zone of atmospheric influence of the Baikal Natural Territory, are used as an example to show their place in the suggested classification and the characteristic of the organization of future protected areas.

The north-western coast of the Sea of Azov is a set of natural systems that are characterized by a high level of biological diversity, economic value and have a high recreational potential. The harmonization of nature protection goals, optimization of economic efficiency and maintenance of recreational value are extremely complex scientific and scientific-practical tasks. The development of a strategy for the rational use of nature should be based on the study of natural complexes that are within the protected areas as reference areas. In addition to the role of markers of the level of biological diversity, the objects of the nature reserve fund act as factors of functional stability of natural complexes in general. Therefore, the study of ecological features of Cyanoprokaryota Priazovsky National Nature Park is an important scientific problem. There were 9 experimental landfills on the territory of Priazovsky Park, which covered steppe areas or slopes, salt marshes, coastal sandy soils (bars) and reservoirs (rivers, lakes, estuaries, sea bays, lagoons). As a result of research, 124 species of cyanoprokaryotes were identified, which include 127 intraspecific taxa. According to the systematic structure, the found species of cyanoprokaryotes belong to the class Cyanophyceae Sachs, within which 3 subclasses, 6 orders, 18 families and 33 genera are represented. The subclass Oscillatoriophycidae is the most diverse in terms of the number of species, which includes 62 species, or 49% of the regional flora of cyanoprokaryotes. Fewer species belong to the subclass Synechococcophycidae (38 species). The subclass Nostocophycidae (27 species) is the least diverse in terms of species. Cluster analysis by number of species in subclasses indicates that cenoses can be divided into two groups: steppe groups and salt marshes on the one hand, and groups on sandy soils and water groups on the other. The groups of salt water and sandy soils are the most similar. The number of genus in a family among subclasses is almost constant, equal to 1.8. The saturation of family species is highest for the subclass Synechococcophycidae and is 7.6. For subclasses Nostocophycidae and Oscillatoriophycidae this indicator is almost identical and is 6.8–6.9. The genus coefficient is the largest for the subclass Synechococcophycidae and is 4.2. This figure is lower for Nostocophycidae and is 3.9. For Oscillatoriophycidae, the birth rate is 3.6. Taxonomic diversity of flora at the genus level in terms of the number of taxa is characterized by a stable level, except for freshwater, the flora of Cyanophyceae which is represented by a much smaller number of genera compared to other types of biogeocenoses. According to the Shannon index, diversity increases in the series steppe → salt marsh → psammophytic stations → salt water and decreases sharply in freshwater. According to Pielou, the diversity grows within this range and reaches the highest level in freshwater. Prospects for further research include assessing the systematic nature of the taxonomic structure of flora depending on the type of ecosystems, the study of ecototype groups of Cyanophyceae in the context of their preferences for habitat types and salinity conditions. the flora of Cyanophyceae is represented by a much smaller number of genera compared to other types of biogeocenoses. According to the Shannon index, diversity increases in the series steppe → salt marsh → psammophytic stations → salt water and decreases sharply in freshwater. According to Pielow, the diversity grows within this range and reaches the highest level in freshwater. Prospects for further research include assessing the systematic nature of the taxonomic structure of flora depending on the type of ecosystems, the study of ecototype groups of Cyanophyceae in the context of their preferences for habitat types and salinity conditions. the flora of Cyanophyceae is represented by a much smaller number of genera compared to other types of biogeocenoses. According to the Shannon index, diversity increases in the series steppe → salt marsh → psammophytic stations → salt water and decreases sharply in freshwater. According to Pielow, the diversity grows wi-thin this range and reaches the highest level in freshwater. Prospects for further research include assessing the systematic nature of the taxonomic structure of flora depending on the type of ecosystems, the study of ecototype groups of Cyanophyceae in the context of their preferences for habitat types and salinity conditions. According to Pielow, the diversity grows within this range and reaches the highest level in freshwater. Prospects for further research include assessing the systematic nature of the taxonomic structure of flora depending on the type of ecosystems, the study of ecototype groups of Cyanophyceae in the context of their preferences for habitat types and salinity conditions.

The article presents 80 relevés of bryophyte communities on living trees and dead wood sampled within Holosiivskyi National Nature Park (Kyiv, Ukraine). They are referred to 16 associations of 5 classes (Frullanio dilatatae-Leucodontetea sciuroidis, Cladonio digitatae-Lepidozietea reptantis, Neckeretea complanatae, Hylocomietea splendentis, Platyhypnidio-Fontinalietea antipyreticae). Most frequent are communities dominated by Hypnum cupressiforme and H. pallescens of the class Frullanio dilatatae-Leucodontetea sciuroidis (on bark of living trees) and Brachythecium rutabulum of the class Cladonio digitatae-Lepidozietea reptantis (on dead wood). In mesic forests, trees are usually not inhabited by bryophyte communities. Much more often, they occur in wet forests, near water, and in mesic forests in ravines. Four associations are reported in Ukraine for the first time: Callicladietum haldaniani LeBlanc 1963, Brachythecio rutabuli-Plagiomnietum cuspidati (Felföldy 1941) Plamada 1982, Brachythecio rivularis-Hygrohypnetum luridi Philippi 1965, and Leptodictyo riparii-Hygroamblystegietum varii Hugonnot et Celle 2013.

Data on some noteworthy finds of interesting representatives of the subgenus Telamonia of the genus Cortinarius in Ukraine are presented. Two of them, C. decipiens var. atrocoeruleus and C. flexipes var. flabellus, have been registered for the first time in Ukraine; the typical variety of the former species is still unknown in our country. Other two taxa are rarely reported in Ukraine; those are C. flexipes var. flexipes, known also from Left-Bank Polyssia, and C. diasemospermus, so far recorded only in the Ukrainian Carpathians. All taxa were found in Male Polissia National Nature Park (Khmelnytsky Region), C. diasemospermus was also collected in Shatsky National Nature Park. The data about their distribution in Ukraine and worldwide, detailed descriptions of macro- and microscopical features, as well as original photos of the fruit bodies and drawings of the spores are provided. It should be noted that all these taxa are quite common in appropriate habitats in Europe and usually are not considered rare. Probably in Ukraine they also occur more often than they are reported at present and new finds of these species and varieties can be expected.

The choice of a natural risk prevention strategy must be considered at the scale of a territory in order to take into account all its components. Since 2015, France has developed integrated natural risk management (INRM) approaches in Alpine territories. The challenge of INRM lies in the definition and implementation of innovative projects for initiating synergies with respect to natural risks while seeking to increase resilience through the new and different involvement of the territorial actors. The Baronnies Provençales Regional Nature Park is one of the pilot territories for the operational implementation of this approach, with a particular focus on forest-based solutions. For this reason it has been chosen as the French Pilot Action Region (PAR) of the Interreg Alpine Space project GreenRisk4Alps. In this article we present an example of good practice related to the benefit of large-scale rockfall risk modeling, the analysis of potential cascading effects and the added value of a territorial perspective.

The Cabeço da Ladeira paleontological site in central Portugal became known as the “Jurassic Beach”. Formerly an active quarry, the site was protected in order to preserve the large exposures of a Middle Jurassic (early? Bajocian) carbonate tidal flat with an outstanding fossil record. This multidisciplinary paleontological work involving experts from several national and international research and geoconservation institutions was carried out under the umbrella of the Institute for Nature Conservation (ICNF), since this geosite is located within the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros nature park. Cabeço da Ladeira has provided exquisitely preserved body fossils, especially echinoderms, together with the exceptional preservation of their, and other, animal’s behaviors. It is also a hotspot to understand the diversity of bivalves in the Middle Jurassic. Due to the large area of the geosite, the international relevance of the findings, and the risk of weathering and destruction of the fossils, a geoconservation plan has been developed by ICNF with the support of local authorities. After several years of being open to visitors without proper control, the Cabeço da Ladeira paleontological site is now conditioned to organized groups of researchers, schools, and tourists. Some body fossils were collected for studies and included in the national collections of the Geological Museum (Lisbon). Moreover, casts have been made to protect holotypes of trace fossils, also providing ways to replicate this fossil record in temporary exhibitions. A long-term experimental study to conserve the limestone bedding plane exposures and their fossil contents was started in order to develop the best geoconservation strategy with an aim to reduce the damage produced by the increasing tourist demand on natural sites. Cabeço da Ladeira and other geosites in protected areas are key to communicating an evolutionary approach to environmental education, and their geoconservation must be a priority to improve their long-term use as (geo)tourism attractions. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The work of AB has been supported by the ALAN‐X, PALEOGIANTS, and CAMBIACLIMA projects (University of Genova, Italy). Fieldwork was partially conducted with the financial support of Naturtejo, E.IM.