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We combine phone-survey data from 2,200 students collected in July–August of 2020 with student-level administrative data from 54 schools in four northwestern provinces of Cambodia to investigate the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for grade 9 students. These students were particularly vulnerable to dropping out of school prematurely due to the crisis. We find that most students kept studying during the crisis, returned to school to participate in the lower-secondary graduation exam after schools reopened, and transitioned to high school thereafter. However, we also find that students' exposure to the economic downturn had substantial implications: The likelihood that the father experienced income losses due to the crisis is negatively associated with a student's propensity to study during school closure, participation and performance in the final exam, and with the likelihood to transition to high school. In contrast, the likelihood that the mother experienced income losses is positively associated with student studying during the crisis, with participation in the final exam, and with transition to high school—potentially because mothers used the time at home to encourage their children to study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-time high school graduation is an important topic in educational research, policy, and practice. However, no comprehensive meta-analyses had been conducted on this topic. The current meta-analysis reviewed 47 articles published from 1985 to April 2022 and aggregated the effect in four dimensions: student background, family support, school program and support, and school climate, with a focus on school-related practices, policies, and programs. Twelve factors along various dimensions had statistically significant positive or negative effects on on-time graduation. Implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

School threat assessment is a violence prevention strategy that has become widely used over the past 20 years; however, the procedures for a threat assessment are not well-known in education and it has received relatively little research attention. This article describes the rationale, procedures, and empirical support for the Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines and also presents new findings from a study of graduation rates for 146 students who received a threat assessment in two large school districts. The graduation rate for these students was 83%, which was lower than the graduation rate for the general school population but comparable to the rate for control students with similar risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined Turkish early childhood teachers' playfulness and their support of playfulness in classrooms. An explanatory mixed method design was utilised with a convenience sample of 485 teachers in the quantitative portion and 20 teachers in the qualitative portion. The quantitative data was collected through the Adult Playfulness Trait Scale (APTS), while the qualitative data was collected via interviews. No differences were indicated for teacher playfulness regarding age and/or years of teaching. Moreover, playfulness scores for teachers who did not attend courses on play and graduated from high school were higher than scores for teachers who attended play courses and graduated university. The teachers support of play and playfulness was indicated through the qualitative results. However, academic excellence and parental pressure persuaded teachers to have more goal-oriented and/or teacher-directed play time. Teachers' involvement in play seemed non-playful and inflexible. A need for becoming aware of playfulness in the classroom was revealed. Teachers should carefully approach play time and play interactions because these activities influence children's actions, creativity, thinking, and play behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the debate on the impact of juvenile crime punishment on high school completion and adult recidivism using administrative data from a southern U.S. state. We exploit random assignment of cases to judges and use idiosyncratic judge stringency in imprisonment to estimate the causal effect of incarceration. We find that juvenile incarceration increases the propensity of being convicted for a drug offense in adulthood while it lowers the propensity to be convicted of a property crime. Juvenile incarceration has also a detrimental effect on high school completion for earlier cohorts, but it has no impact on later cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increases in the high school graduation rate in the United States, large disparities persist for English learners (ELs). These disparities are particularly important given that ELs are the fastest growing segment of the United States public school population. EL youth, though, are not a homogeneous population. Instead, EL youth speak many languages in their homes, have varying levels of English proficiency, and come from a variety of immigration circumstances and socioeconomic statuses. Previous research on EL students has primarily used variable-centered analytic approaches, which are not designed to examine how a constellation of factors function within an individual and differ from each other. Thus, the current study uses latent class analysis (LCA) to provide an example of how a patterned-centered analytic approach can provide insights into differences within the population of EL youth that a variable-centered approach would miss. Using student-level data from the state of Massachusetts that includes a set of academic and demographic variables, we find that ELs vary in their high school graduation rates by identified latent class. We find that there are groups of EL youth graduating at rates above the state average, but that there are also EL groups who are lagging substantially behind their peers. These classes of youth are unevenly distributed across school districts and therefore could provide insights for more targeted interventions. Policy and practice implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional definitions of "on-time graduation" and "college readiness" often place the needs of traditionally marginalized students (first-generation, low-income, immigrant and/or students of color) in a deficit light. This multi-case study explores how school leaders at two public high schools are redefining and reframing these policies for their specific student populations. The findings suggest that extending graduation beyond 4 years and using intersectional understandings of college readiness increase traditionally marginalized students' opportunities to finish high school and pursuing postsecondary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School choice may lead to improvements in school productivity if parents' choices reward effective schools and punish ineffective ones. This mechanism requires parents to choose schools based on causal effectiveness rather than peer characteristics. We study relationships among parent preferences, peer quality, and causal effects on outcomes for applicants to New York City's centralized high school assignment mechanism. We use applicants' rank-ordered choice lists to measure preferences and to construct selection-corrected estimates of treatment effects on test scores, high school graduation, college attendance, and college quality. Parents prefer schools that enroll high-achieving peers, and these schools generate larger improvements in short- and long-run student outcomes. Preferences are unrelated to school effectiveness and academic match quality after controlling for peer quality. (JEL D12, H75, I21, I26, I28) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in the use of suspensions and therapy/medication for childhood behavior problems. These disparities exacerbate inequalities elsewhere, including academic achievement. In addition, the unequal distribution of child social control also raises the question of whether unobserved heterogeneity between suspended and medicated children may explain the benefits of therapy/medication as an approach to child social control. In this study, I use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979–Child and Young Adult Survey to examine the relationship between early suspension or therapy/medication and high school graduation. Results of logistic regression models show that suspended children have lower odds of graduation than non-suspended/non-medicated children and children who only received therapy/medication. However, results of sibling comparison models that better condition on unobserved factors associated with child social control and academic achievement yield no significant differences in the odds of high school graduation across medicated and suspended siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the myriad challenges facing young, neuroatypical adults struggling through a "failure to launch" – i.e., enduring a pronounced difficulty with establishing themselves academically, socially and professionally after high school graduation. The author recommends integrating traditional psychotherapy with a high level of activity and scaffolding support techniques geared at completing academic and social tasks. The theoretical underpinnings as well as clinical implications of this approach are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Context: There is an expansive body of research concerning high school graduation; however, most studies omit students who persist through four years of high school without earning a diploma. In addition, there is scant research exploring longer term outcomes among students whose academic trajectories do not fit within the traditional four-year model of high school graduation, including eventual graduation, postsecondary enrollment, or engagement in the workforce. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: The current study addresses the substantive gaps in research regarding high school noncompletion by examining the college and workforce outcomes of persisters--defined here as students who do not formally withdraw from high school, nor earn a regular diploma, four years after entering high school as a first-time ninth grader. Research Design: The present study accessed five years of linked, longitudinal, student-level administrative data from the Maryland Longitudinal Data System. Multilevel models assessed the relationship between student- and school-level factors with the odds of students earning a high school diploma four years after beginning their freshman year. Independent variables included student-level demographic and academic indicators and school-level concentrations of student characteristics. Conclusions/Recommendations: This study offers a first look into the academic and employment trajectories of an understudied and high-risk group of young adults. The multilevel examination of student- and school-level factors indicated that on-time graduation for four-year persisters should be understood as a function of students within their academic environment. Overall, persisters had less favorable college and workforce outcomes when compared with students who earned a high school diploma, suggesting the need for interventions that promote college and workforce readiness across the population of persisters. The findings presented herein suggest that the phenomenon of persisting should be considered, along with dropout, as a critical element of a more informed analysis of high school graduation. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Motivation for Educational Attainment (MEA) questionnaire, developed to assess facets related to early adolescents' motivation to complete high school, has a bifactor structure with a large general factor and three smaller orthogonal specific factors (teacher expectations, peer aspirations, value of education). This prospective validity study investigated the utility of each factor in predicting high school dropout or completion of a general education development (GED) certificate versus completion of a high school degree. Participants were 474 (55.1% male) ethnically diverse students who were originally recruited into a larger longitudinal study in Grade 1 on the basis of academic risk. Fourteen years later, 373 had obtained a high school diploma, 15 had obtained a GED, and 86 had dropped out of high school. During their first year of Grade 9, participants were administered the MEA. Using multinomial logistic regression with high school graduation as the reference outcome and controlling for Grade 9 letter grades, reading and math test scores, gender, and ethnic/racial group status, scores on the latent general factor and the latent peer aspirations factor predicted high school dropout versus high school graduation status. Neither the general factor nor any of the three specific factors predicted GED completion versus high school graduation. Ethnicity, but not gender, moderated the associations between scores on the general factor and high school graduation versus dropout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of a state mandate to offer Advanced Placement (AP) programs at all public high schools on student outcomes. Requiring compliance with this policy could lead to unintended consequences as schools shift resources or students are re-sorted. Using a difference-in-differences estimation strategy, I investigate a 2004 state-wide mandate to offer AP programs in Arkansas and its impact on students’ schooling outcomes. Results suggest schools decrease the share of courses dedicated to career and technical education in favor of AP courses. Additionally, enrollment decreases by about 60 students on average, the 4-year graduation rate increases by 2.5 percentage points, and there are generally fewer students scoring in the highest category on two end-of-course exams at schools required to comply with the mandate. Taken together, these results suggest the policy may have at least partially affected the sorting of students across schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full-grade acceleration is an intervention in which students finish the K-12 curriculum at least one year early, usually due to early entrance to kindergarten, grade skipping, or early graduation from high school. Many studies have shown benefits during childhood for accelerated individuals, but few studies have examined outcomes of acceleration in adulthood. In this study data from five longitudinal datasets were combined to compare adult incomes of accelerated and non-accelerated subjects after controlling for five important childhood covariates. Results showed that accelerated adults earned 4.66% more per year ( d = 0.044). Income differences between accelerated and non-accelerated groups were larger for women than men. A conservative estimate is that there is a $72,000 lifetime earnings difference between accelerated and non-accelerated subjects, though this study cannot show a causal association between acceleration and increased income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the determinants of academic success using a unique administrative data set of a German university. We show that high school grades are strongly associated with both graduation probabilities and final grades, whereas variables measuring social origin or income have only a smaller impact. Moreover, the link between high school performance and university success is shown to vary substantially across faculties. In some fields of study, the probability of graduating is rather low, while grades are quite good conditional on high school performance. In others, weaker students have a greater chance of graduating, but grades are more differentiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on out-of-school literacy practices among adolescent males including racialization and gendered identities. Topics discussed include rates of high school graduation and overrepresentation of Black males, community spaces for literacy practitioners, and multiethnic society.

The article focuses on Irene L. Chavez Excel Academy student Paul Hamilton who showcases student's hard work bolstered by support from others. Topics include how Hamilton had no expectation on completing high school as he was facing assortment of insurmountable behavioral an financial issues, how Hamilton not only graduated while working long hours at a Chinese restaurant, and how he got offer of communications systems engineer for National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA).

New York has some of the most segregated high schools in the country, and schools serving low-income and minority students have the lowest graduation rates. This paper discusses changes in inequality between New York City high schools during a period of neoliberal education reform. Neoliberal education reforms are intended to improve schooling through choice and accountability policies. I find that segregation has increased in the best performing schools during this era of reform, and that race and class maintain a negative impact on graduation rates despite the implementation of neoliberal policies. I argue that these policies not only fail to reduce inequality, but exacerbate and reproduce existing class and race inequalities in schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the Literacy Statistics and Probability of students entering and graduating from high school. The research was conducted in two public schools of the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul and involved a total of 444 students aged between 14 and 18 years. The methodology used was a mixed method based on (CRESWELL, 2010). The data collection instrument was a questionnaire involving 30 questions part open and part closed. The results indicated that students entering both as graduates have limited skills in writing, reading, calculation and interpretation of statistical and probabilistic data contained in graphs and tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined when students with disabilities graduated high school and how graduation patterns differed for students based on selected demographic and educational factors. Utilizing statewide data on students with disabilities from Massachusetts from 2005 through 2012, the author conducted discrete-time survival analysis to estimate the conditional probability of high school graduation in a given year after high school entry by disability category and placement in the general education setting. Results suggest that, across all disability categories, the peak conditional probability for graduation occurs 4 years after high school entry. In addition, students with disabilities who are fully included have higher graduation probability profiles than students with disabilities who are educated in substantially-separate settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After graduation from high school, individuals may face novel academic tasks for which they have to estimate their motivation (i.e., intrinsic task value [ITV] and academic self-concept [ASC]) prior to task choice. The present study tests the hypothesis that learners draw on—and generalize—established school-based ITV to anticipate ITV of novel academic tasks that are perceived to be similar to known school-related learning contents. First-year students (N = 354) rated their ITV and ASC of ability regarding four school subjects and four unknown fields of study, which were differentially related in content to the school subjects. Structural equation modeling revealed that school-subject ITV predicted field-of-study ITV that had been rated to be similar. Analyses including ASC show differential generalization effects for either ITV or ASC for most school-subject/field-of-study combinations. Crossed effects were not significant. Results demonstrate that school-based learning experience contributes to motivation when facing novel academic tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data on the entire population in combination with data on almost all individuals in Sweden listed as inventors, we study how the probability of being listed on a patent as inventor is influenced by the density of other future inventors residing in the same region. In this process, we control for demographic and sector effects along with the educational characteristics of parents. This approach allows us to trace how location history influences individuals’ inventive capacity. We focus on three types of influences: (a) future inventors in the municipality around the time of birth, (b) future inventors around the time of graduation from high school and (c) future inventors at graduation from higher education. We find suggestive evidence that co-locating with future inventors may impact the probability of becoming an inventor. The most consistent effect is found for place of higher education; some positive effects are also evident from birthplace, whereas no consistent positive effect can be derived from individuals’ high school location. Therefore, the formative influences mainly deriving from family upbringing, birth region and from local milieu effects arising from a conscious choice to attend a higher education affect the choice of becoming an inventor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics and science course graduation requirement (CGR) increases in the 1980s and 1990s might have had both intended and unintended consequences. Using logistic regression with Census and American Community Survey (ACS) data (n = 2,892,444), we modeled CGR exposure on (a) high school dropout, (b) beginning college, and (c) obtaining any college degree. Possible between-groups differences were also assessed. We found that higher CGRs were associated with higher odds to drop out of high school, but results for the college-level outcomes varied by group. Some were less likely to enroll, whereas others who began college were more likely to obtain a degree. Increased high school dropout was consistent across the population, but some potential benefit was also observed, primarily for those reporting Hispanic ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research examined the extent to which pre-college character-istics, high school experiences, college expectations, and initial enrollment characteristics were related to graduation from college. Data from admission applications, the ACT Compass survey, and initial enrollment measures for Fall 2004 and Fall 2005 first-time students were analyzed. Because almost one-third of the students had missing data, multiple imputation procedures were utilized. Results revealed that several measures of student charac-teristics, high school experiences, college expectations, and initial enrollment characteristics were consistently related to degree attainment. Other variables were related to a single degree-attainment measure. These results demon-strated that pre-matriculation data can be used to identify at-risk students, identify risk factors, and provide institution-specific benchmarks for evalu-ating efforts to improve degree attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]