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The digital transformation age introduces cybersecurity threats into the hospitality industry by increasing the exposure and vulnerability of hospitality firms' data and systems to hackers. The hospitality industry is a diverse segment of the service sector dedicated to the provision of services in areas such as accommodation, food and beverage, travel and tourism, and recreation, including hotels, restaurants, bars, travel agencies, and theme parks. Cybersecurity risks in the hospitality industry affect the data and systems of businesses such as accommodation, food, travel, and entertainment, primarily enabled by the industry's increasing digitization. This study aims to map the principal cybersecurity risks to the main stakeholders by proposing a novel Picture Fuzzy Sets (PFSs)-based Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations (MACTOR) approach. The purpose here is to examine each stakeholder's position towards handling cybersecurity attacks and estimate the uncertain nature of personal judgments of industry representatives when stating their point of view. The research aimed to extract the triggering positions of the defined cybercrime risks to reach the root cause of these risks, as the point to try to mitigate first. Thus, this paper contributes to the literature in both theoretical and practical ways by proposing a new approach and by providing real industry officials' perspectives to solve the challenges. A hospitality practitioner can easily understand their position in this service network and take action to prevent such cybercrimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wine tourism has several distinctive features that militate against using Kim et al.'s model of memorable tourism experiences to understand its antecedents and consequences. Accordingly, this study adopts an alternative theoretical framework—the stimulus–organism–response theory—to develop an alternative model. Data were collected from visitors to a well‐known vineyard in Yantai, China and structural equation modelling and multiple group analysis were used to analyse them. The results suggest that experience co‐creation, sensory experience, experiential satisfaction and appealing winescape are significant and positive antecedents of a memorable wine tourism experience, while eudaimonic well‐being and wine purchase intention are significant and positive outcome variables. Visit frequency was found to be a moderating variable linking the winescape to memorable wine tourism experiences. Those who travel to the region frequently form a bond with the winescape that not only contributes to their well‐being but also stimulates their future intentions to purchase its wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on positive psychological outcomes of tourism has experienced exponential growth. However, a critical dimension of tourist wellbeing, affiliation, remains underexplored and conceptually underdeveloped. This study draws on 26 in‐depth interviews with international tourists to Fiji to explore the influence of affiliation with nature and social connectedness on tourist wellbeing. Findings demonstrate the integral role of travel companionship, tourist affiliation with nature and connection with local people as critical determinants of positive psychological outcomes. An integrative model across the domains of gaze, practice and reflection is developed to demonstrate how affiliation with nature and social connectedness influence tourist wellbeing. Future research should explore the multi‐sensual character and the therapeutic potential of tourist social encounters and interactions with nature and subsequent implications for tourist wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of sustainable tourism research and its practical relevance in today's world, it is important to integrate and synthesize the vast amount ofintellectual work on this topic. This research applies a novel and robust structural topic modeling technique to analyze textual data from a total of 3289 research articles on sustainable tourism published between 1978 and 2022. The topics identified have been classified into macro, meso, and micro levels. Further, we compared and contrasted research themes across three time periods to provide a coherent, cohesive, and holistic overview of the extant literature in each period and discuss their contributions to knowledge. This article presents the publication trends, research evolution in the last four decades, and identifies emerging topics and future research opportunities to advance knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all employment conditions as working during the pandemic is a risk to employees' health. This study investigates women's intentions to leave their job during times of crisis. However, opportunities for job selection were quite limited, and there are better ways to deal with job insecurity than leaving an organisation. The questionnaires were tested on valid data from 593 female employees of four-star hotels, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed. Cultural characteristics and the macroenvironment in Indonesian society cause different practices for women to achieve work–family enrichment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention than in developed Western cultures. Female employees will not be inclined to leave their job even though they are not satisfied. Moreover, work–family enrichment has an essential role in enhancing work satisfaction because it can improve women's quality of life. Work–family enrichment was also found to reduce the intention of women to leave an organisation. However, work–family enrichment has a more substantial influence on intensifying work satisfaction than on deflating the choice to quit during a crisis. Therefore, the research findings revealed that work–family enrichment is essential in improving work satisfaction, increasing employees' likelihood of remaining in the organisation. This study contributes to filling the research gap within work–family enrichment by digging into the practical lessons of women's work behaviour in the service sector, specifically in the hotel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to analyse how a hotel company manages ambidexterity when operating different business models in different markets located in the same country. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted using a qualitative case study, and the subjects were selected using the theoretical sampling technique. A corporation managing two hotel business units located in the same city but operating different business models – a premium and a low-cost business model – were selected as subjects. Findings: The empirical evidence revealed that an ambidextrous business model can be realized through integration or separation of appropriate domains of business activities. The empirical findings further showed that exploitations are easier to integrate than explorations. Practical implications: The authors found that firms using structural separation for managing premium and low-cost business models can avoid market cannibalism and achieve synergies between different business models if business model ambidexterity is well managed. Originality/value: This study extends research in the area of ambidexterity and business models. It responds to calls to examine how firms using structural separation implement business model ambidexterity in practice, particularly in service sectors. By analysing the details of activities within the business model, the authors advance the understanding of which domains are suitable for an integration or separation approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology continues to change many aspects of life; the hotel industry is no exception. By combining technology with existing business practices, hoteliers can improve their interaction with their audiences. With the use of technology, organisations can enhance their booking, providing customers with mobile room keys and QR coding the hotel rooms, among other innovative ways to improve the hotel experience of the consumers. The present research has elaborated on these different aspects to help understand the importance of technology in the service sector and how with the help of smart hotel initiatives, they can improve consumer perception while using the collected consumer data to improve business functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Maritima is the property of University of Szczecin Press / Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecinskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hospitality industry has huge potential of growth and it is gaining its pace post pandemic. It is reported in Economics Times that hospitality industry has gained a revenue rise post pandemic. With changing time and era it is of utmost importance to change with time to keep an edge over your competitors. This is the reason of growing importance of innovative practices. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of various innovative practice adopted in hospitality industry and their impact. This article will also provide an insight on adaptability of new developments in various functions of hospitality industry. Overall this paper suggests that innovative practices does help in gaining advantage over competitors and also becoming profitable entity in hospitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical studies on small business survival and exits focus on endogenous firms and top manager characteristics, whereas few studies consider exogenous demand shocks and local consumer awareness and behavior, which are especially important for local hospitality industries. Therefore, this study addresses this research gap by targeting the COVID-19 pandemic and anti-contagion policies as a local demand shock for service industries. We empirically investigate the causal effects of changing local consumer awareness and behavior under COVID-19 on business exits at the prefecture-industry level. Based on a panel fixed-effect estimation using a longitudinal dataset of 32 service industries in 47 prefectures over 10 months in Japan, we demonstrate that an increase in consumers' risk aversion and sympathy for self-restraint from going out, and a decrease in going out with family members, significantly increase the exit ratio in specific service industries in the same prefecture. Moreover, we find that these effects vary by consumer type depending on factors such as gender, age, income level, and household structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Malaysia’s Shared Prosperity Vision 2030 Strategic Thrust 1: The Business and Industry Ecosystem, SMEs and microbusinesses are expected to contribute 50% of the country’s GDP. Service sector contributions are expected to increase by 30% within Strategic Thrust 2 Key Economic growth activities (Darmalinggam, Kaliannan, & Dorasamy, 2021). The 10th Malaysian Science, Technology, Innovation & Economic Framework (My SITE) socio-economic drivers of Culture, Arts & Tourism were identified for their potential to boost the economy through innovation in its business and financial service sectors. The plan is in line with the 11th. UN-SDG, specifically the 11.b, also aims to develop holistic disaster risk management at all levels by 2020. As a result of this global pandemic, the hospitality and tourism industry was the first to be affected, and it will be the last to recover (Fotiadis, Olyzos, & Huan, 2021). The Malaysian hotel industry suffered a significant decline in revenue due to halting of operations, travel bans and lockdowns. As a result, massive layoffs and reduction of workforce took place. Some establishments even closed down. Even though researchers and industry experts acknowledge the industry’s volatility, the importance of crisis management in the business community has not received adequate attention. There is a definite need to develop a crisis management framework, to help the Malaysian hotel industry become more resilient against crises such as pandemics. A qualitative approach will be used to develop and validate the model in this study, and quantitative analysis will be carried out to test it. The proposed crisis management model aims to support this highly vulnerable industry so that it can continue to be an important economic contributor, in line with SDG’s 11th goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The havoc caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality businesses across the world affected the human resource skills of the industry to the extent that managers and industry experts are still finding difficult how best to upgrade the skills of their workforce and enhance their capability to withstand future disruptions. It is based on this problem that this research investigated the effect of human resource skill adjustment on the dynamic capability of hospitality businesses in sub-Saharan Africa post the COVID-19 work environment. The study employed cross-sectional survey design with a total population of two hundred and twenty participants drawn from sixty hospitality businesses in the south-eastern part of Nigeria. Formulated research hypotheses were analysed with linear regression. The results of the research demonstrated that human resource skill adjustment predicted the dynamic capability of hospitality businesses. The study concludes that human resource skill adjustment measured with upskilling and reskilling methodologies predicted the dynamic capability. The implication of the finding is that managers and operators of hospitality businesses should implement human resource skill adjustment in all the functional areas of their management to enable each section or department to attain its goals equally, and enhance the dynamic capability of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the current post-epidemic period, hygiene requirements and health needs in the hospitality industry keep increasing, and consumers become more concerned about the cleanliness of hotels and have stronger demands for contactless services in hotels. The growth and popularity of IoT technology in China make it more accessible to a wider range of service industries and provides the basis for the application of IoT in the hospitality industry. The application of IoT devices in hotels mainly includes intelligent robots, intelligent guest control, systems, etc., which helps to realize contactless services in hotels. This research reviews the entire development cycle of the application of IoT in the hospitality industry, from the founding, development, and expansion of companies to their IPO and post-IPO maturity. From a perspective combined with IoT technology, we can cope with the changing industry models, business models, and operation modes in the hospitality industry more efficiently. The development of IoT in hotels will move towards humanization and service-orientation. Through the role of human–machine linkage and the reasonable management of IoT equipment, IoT technology can reasonably promote the efficiency of manual work, while injecting "warmth" and "quality" into IoT equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon an extensive analysis of customer-empowering behaviors (CEBs) research, this study strives to better understand the impacts of perceiving such authorization among service employees in hospitality industries. Employing a multi-wave questionnaire and a scenario-based experiment, we unveil three key findings: First, CEBs significantly influence service employees' job crafting. Second, self-efficacy in service delivery serves as a mediator between CEBs and job crafting. Third, the unit's climate of concern for customers not only moderates the association between CEBs and employees' self-efficacy in service delivery, but also shapes how these behaviors indirectly affect job crafting. This research contributes to the existing literature on empowerment in service encounters and offers significant practical value to service enterprises. • Customer-empowering behaviors (CEBs) influence service employees' job crafting in hospitality industries. • Self-efficacy in service delivery acts as a mediator between CEBs and job crafting. • The unit's climate of concern for customers moderates the relationship between CEBs and self-efficacy. • Findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of empowerment in the hospitality industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters and crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, have created an uncertain and challenging environment, particularly for the hospitality and service-based industries, forcing managers to seek effective approaches in designing and staging delightful experiences in post-crisis conditions. This paper aims to advance research in delightful customer experiences in the hospitality and service-based industries in the post-crisis "new normal" conditions by (1) systematically and critically reviewing non-crisis and pre-pandemic findings on customer delight, (2) updating and structuring new findings in times of crisis and during the pandemic, and (3) thus suggesting new ways of conceptualising customer delight in the "new normal" conditions. Several conceptual gaps are identified based on this systematic critical review, which eventuates the development of a dual-pathway framework in the "new normal" context. Following this, several future research directions and practical implications for more effective delightful experience management are provided. • Systematically review relevant research on delightful experiences management. • Update and structure new findings in times of crisis, during and post-pandemic. • Clarify 6 relevant research gaps in the literature. • Offer a conceptual framework of delightful experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry convergence has taken place in many different fields, making it a hot research topic. There are studies on industry convergence in the manufacturing industry, the food and pharmaceutical industries, and between manufacturing and services industries. The hospitality industry provides lodging and catering services, which provides a great platform to integrate multiple industries in order to enhance customer experience. However, there has been little focus on industry convergence in the hospitality or hotel industries. Therefore, a better understanding of service convergence innovation from both a systematic and a holistic perspective are needed. The result showed that in order to form effective mechanisms for coordination and integration of service, it was necessary to use systematic digital information technology, which could transfer practical experience into a standardized demonstrable learning database system. The implication of this study is that the illustrations on the factors as well as contexts to foster service convergence practices could facilitate managerial endeavors by hospitality business professionals. Appropriate incentive mechanisms which leverage as well as motivate partnership endeavors should be the core aligning individuals and organization goal instead of imposing regulative order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Service Industries Journal is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper overviews Ukraine's place in the world rankings during 2019-2021, in particular, such as Global Startup Ecosystem Index, Global Innovation Index, Global Competitiveness Index, World Competitiveness Ranking and Doing Business. The competitiveness analysis demonstrates an improvement of Ukraine’s position in the global rankings during this period, in particular, in terms of innovation activity as well as in the Technology and Knowledge blocks. Quite often, information products emerge as start-ups which then continue to gain popularity and become the unchanging totalizer of the service sector. In the tourism and hospitality business this is evidenced by the large number of start-ups that have been growing in recent years. Businesses are trying to be the first to find such products in order to improve their own competitiveness further enabling them to distinguish significantly from the competitors and, more importantly, to become market leaders with a large number of competitive advantages. The European Union promotes the best travel start-ups in the global level, the Ukrainian Startup Fund deals with startups at the state level. The number of startups in Ukraine has increased significantly over the last 3 years, which, in turn, has ensured an increase in the ranking position by 5 points. Analysis of the results shows positive trends in both the number of key investments and rankings in Ukraine. As to the Ukrainian regional distribution, the leader in the number of startups during last years was Kyiv. Despite the significant number of startups and their funding, which is growing every year, there are a few problems, such as Ukrainian startups are not in great demand, lack of favorable conditions and appropriate organizations, investment attractiveness is very low for platforms in this field, promotion of both the country and regions as tourist destinations is insufficient as well as government support for both the service sector and IT service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of paradoxical leadership (PLSH) on the extra-role service behavior of frontline employees. It analyzes not only direct but also indirect influence through mechanisms that improve the learning (self-improvement) and communication (voice) capabilities of hospitality employees. Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered through structured questionnaires administered to a sample of frontline employees from Spanish hotels. A structural equations model was used to evaluate the theoretical model proposed. Findings: The results show both a direct positive effect of PLSH on extra-role service and a mediating effect of employees' improvement-oriented behaviors on this relationship. These results support the idea that employees under paradoxical leaders seek both self-improvement and organizational improvement through their voice to provide guests with excellent service. Research limitations/implications: The findings extend understanding of PLSH's effects on the hospitality industry through its impact on extra-role service, an essential element of hotel success. Originality/value: This study addresses the lack of research on hospitality leadership by analyzing the effects of PLSH on employees' communication and learning behaviors, as well as on their extra-role service. The authors argue that some behaviors that help hotels compete (e.g. extra-role service) can have paradoxical implications for employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TECHNO Review is the property of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Colonial legacies, limited growth of jobs in manufacturing, youth dividend, and the rigid labour structure in India makes it a challenge to add new employment in primary and secondary sectors. Services sector has been a key driver in India’s economic growth and one of the key sub-sectors that has seen growth is the tourism and hospitality industry of India. In first quarter of 2020, tourism sector showed up 8.0% of the total employment generated in the country and employed about 39 million indicating the volume of jobs created in this sector. This paper attempts to explain how diversity could lead to employment creation in the tourism sector in India. A qualitative methodology along with literature review followed by a data-based perspective and backed with a theoretical analysis of the link between Indian diversity and employment generation possibilities in the tourism sector has been attempted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy is gaining momentum in corporate circles and European economic policies. However, its relevance and applicability to service dominated industries, such as tourism and hospitality, is poorly researched. This study investigates Scandinavian hotel operators' understanding of the circular economy, its drivers, enablers, barriers, and value creation potential. This exploratory study gathers feedback from ten Scandinavian hotel chains managers and proposes a circular economy applicability framework to test the concept's relevance to hotel operators. The research findings highlight respondents' interest and expose introductory to intermediate level of understanding of the circular economy. Conditional to specific enabling levers, the research confirms the applicability and value creation potential of the circular economy to hotel operators. The research provides hotel operators with recommendations on circular economy value creation opportunities, deployment pathways and suggests future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of globalization of markets, the innovative system of services of hotel and restaurant enterprises provides coordination of actions of all participants. The purpose of this article is to consider the determinants of the development of hotel and restaurant enterprises in the intersectoral industry of hospitality and innovative services. On the basis of multidimensional analysis, the methods of modeling the process of development of the subjects of the service sector according to the indicators-characteristics of the subjects of service activity are determined. The mathematical tools of taxonomic analysis are presented, which allows evaluat ing separately the indicators of the components of the intersectoral industry of hospitality and innovative services. An integrated assessment of the components of the intersectoral hospitality industry and innovative services of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine and their competitive position in terms of the level of effective operation is determined. The efficiency of functioning of restaurant enterprises according to fractal levels of the hospitality industry and innovative services is calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of in-role performance refers to the individual behaviour that performs the duties required by a job. By examining the determinants of in-role performance in the hotel industry, the present study questions if in-role performance serves as a function of employee's well-being with pro-social behaviour where employees serve, share and collaborate with others. For this purpose, individual guanxi, perceived support from organisation, job involvement and leader-member exchange were examined as predictors of in-role performance amongst 400 employees from leading chain hotels in Pakistan. This phenomenon is significant in the service sector since job involvement greatly impacts in-role performance especially amongst hotel employees. Findings show that the examined factors are significantly and positively related to each other. The practical implications would be helpful for hotel management who want to enhance the job involvement and job performance of their employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under highly competitive service industry, customers are more selective while making their decisions. Thus, companies' response customers' needs and wants immediately and meet their expectations by creating unique services. Customers' actions may encourage and motivate employees to make decisions about successful service delivery which is called customer empowering behaviors. This article aims to explain antecedents of customer empowering behaviors which have impacts on employee absorption and customer service performance in the service industry. In this study, a multilevel conceptual model is used and suggests that customer empowering behaviors will be efficient on customer service performance through fostering job engagement. Quantitative research method is used by collecting questionnaires from 421 frontline employees who work either at the reception desk or guest relations in hotels with 4 and 5 stars in the South and South Western districts of Turkey. SEM and HLM were used to analyze collected data in research. The results indicate that customer empowering behaviors play a vital role that affects customer service performance through promoting employee absorption, however, customer complexity has not any significant effect on relationships between customer empowering behaviors and employee absorption and customer service performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the concept of innovation process and innovations, clarifies their essence, starting from the first references in the scientific literature. It has been noted that J.Schumpeter, considering the aspects of new changes in development and presenting the innovation process, identified their typical changes. The problems of innovations in the economic theory and practice of enterprise management have been presented. It shows the need to avoid an approach that is based on the idea of simple product renewal and limits the search for ways, explaining how to apply new techniques and does not always have the maximum commercial potential. The features of innovations in the process of implementation at the enterprises of the hospitality industry as one of the most promising areas of development of the country's economy have been presented. Their main feature, - the service character, has been determined. The importance and expediency of dividing innovations into service and production have been indicated. It has been noted that such a grouping should be of paramount importance from a methodological point of view. It has been shown that most of the existing innovations are focused on fixing their individual types at the enterprises of material production. For service enterprises, many of the selected classification criteria are inapplicable, and sometimes show a completely opposite character. It has been shown that the concept of "service innovation" means innovation in the service sector. It has been revealed that scientists in their views on the innovative features of the service sector are divided into two groups: those, who do not differentiate between service and those, who production innovations and absolutely distinguish them from each other. It is the proponents of the differentiating approach that form the specific character of service innovations. Their main claim is that the study of service innovations requires special tools and new theories. This made it possible to highlight the features of service innovations used by enterprises in the hospitality industry. The above list of features of service innovations for the hospitality industry enterprise is certainly not exhaustive; however, it may be useful for further research on service innovation. On the basis of the study, the directions for the development of innovations by enterprises of the hospitality industry have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the circular economy is gaining momentum in political and business thinking about the transition to a more sustainable future. While some of this thinking has been focused on manufacturing, the service industries, which account for the lion's share of global Gross Domestic product, will have a vital role to play in any transition process. This case study outlines the characteristics of the concept of the circular economy and explores how the retailing and hospitality industries are publicly addressing the circular economy. The case study reveals that the retail industry has, to date, made a greater commitment to the concept of the circular economy, than the hospitality industry, and offers some general reflections on the application of the concept within the service industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a consequence of implementing revenue management systems, many service firms (e.g., airlines, hotels, car rentals) systematically overbook capacity, thus striving to maximize the revenue at one particular point in time (i.e., one flight, one night, and one day). The academic literature has not addressed how customers behaviorally respond to overbooking experiences, such as downgrading, denied service, or upgrading. In this article, the authors use the econometric technique of conditional difference-in-differences analysis to study the effect of such incidences on customer usage patterns in an airline context. They find that customers who experience negative consequences of revenue management significantly reduce the amount of their transactions with the airline, whereas upgraded customers exhibit only weak positive responses. The effects of the negative events are stronger for high-value customer groups, whereas significant effects of positive events can be found only for a low-value customer group. The results suggest the need for a stronger focus on customer reactions to revenue management practices. On a more general level, the study contributes to a more interdisciplinary view of service management by demonstrating the need for a closer interaction between management functions (e.g., marketing and operations) in developing and managing concepts of companywide importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the service industry continues to grow, small businesses must decide whether they are going to use new technologies available to them. This article is an exploratory study that examines how the Internet can help small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) attain a global market. Small inns and bed and breakfasts were used as SMEs in this study. The authors developed a survey and sent it to small inns and bed and breakfasts in Canada and the United States to determine the ways these businesses are using the technologies available to them and the pros and cons of using the technologies. The authors discuss managerial implications of using the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose The aim of our study is to present the results of four empirical research, examining the specialities of developments in rural environment, involving a social marketing oriented cooperative model of tourism development, and the elaboration and analysis of practices related to concrete small-town (Szikszó) and regional (Abaúj) adaptations. Applying social marketing approach (Piskóti 2016), we have built upon slow philosophy (Osbaldiston 2013; Birkner et al 2017; Pécsek 2017), social innovation and competencies (Veresné-Kosziczky 2017; Sloan-Legrand- Simons-Kaufmann 2014; Máhr 2019), as well as networks and route-based development (Nagy 2013, 2019, 2020; Lourens 2007). The evaluation of the development practices of smalltowns -- with growing importance -- their possibilities, presence of tourism in programs and plans is also highlighted (Piskóti-Marien-Papp-Nagy 2022). Methodology, Approach We build upon primary results of -- small-town research -- questionnaire survey among Hungarian small-towns with population between 5 000 and 20 000, about their settlement and tourism development practices, with relatively high (42%) response rate. We examined the conformity of reading, targeting and strategic intentions. -- Tourism product development research -- among 70 Hungarian and 25 foreign experts, and 20 route managers of Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe, with questionnaire survey and structured interviews. This provided results in the fields of route development and cooperation in social value creation. -- Regarding the concrete small-town development and tourism creation results, interviews with inhabitants, entrepreneurs and experts helped in strategical planning and modelling. Survey in 2021 -- to base the Abaúj tourism marketing strategy, which provided limited results because of the pandemic situation and its negative tourism effects, however these results well reflected the real situation. Findings Our results are methodological on the one hand, and strategical on the other. We elaborated a slow-philosophical holistic small-town development model, which can give a frame to strategic steps and programs, integrates tourism development or -creation intentions. Furthermore, we present concrete initiations as best practices to similar regions, settlements: tourism creation in Szikszó for small-towns, slow -- creative -- local product-based route development for regions. originality The authors concentrate on small towns, which have positive opportunities and revaluing role in the transforming settlement system and were quite neglected both in professional and methodological fields. The study has a social marketing approach in supporting the settlement development, its marketing and integration of tourism into the model. This study is one of the first publications of the research team [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Would tourists travel to disaster stricken areas? Proposing a holistic model, this study aims to examine the impact of tourists' cognitive images, emotions, motivations, and familiarity with the disaster on tourists' future visit and recommendation intentions after the catastrophic floods in South Carolina. The Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) model is advanced by integrating push-and-pull factor compendium and examining the role of social media. A stratified sample of 1,106 representative "tourists" from key markets to South Carolina was obtained using an online survey. The findings show that tourists' cognitive images, negative emotions, perceived changes in South Carolina after the floods, and familiarity with the floods exert a significant impact on both visit and recommendation intentions. The social media involvement positively moderates the relationship between negative emotions and recommending intentions as well as between familiarity with the floods and behavioral intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Innovation in hospitality has attracted considerable interest, partly because its processes and activities are so diverse, and partly because its impact on performance is still a puzzle. This study proposes a comprehensive theoretical model that reviews combinations of technological and non-technological innovation and the interrelation between different innovation strategies that contribute to generating competitive advantages. Using data from 2010 and 2012 CIS, it empirically examines different innovation strategies, analyzes their role in organizational performance, and thoroughly researches sectoral variation in innovation strategies between hospitality and other service subsectors. Comparative analysis suggests that hospitality is the least innovative service activity. The findings also show that in hotels sales turnover is positively related only to complex innovation strategies that emphasize both technological and non-technological innovation. The study concludes that the level of innovation varies from sector to sector and that innovation strategies can have different effects on performance depending on the sector. Highlights • Application of innovation theory to study innovation strategies in the service sector. • Innovation strategies have different effects on performance depending on the service subsector. • There are sectoral variations in innovation strategies between hospitality and other service subsectors. • Hospitality is the least innovative service activity. • Total sales turnover in hospitality is positively related only to complex innovation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was undertaken to understand the profiles of international migrant workers and factors which motivate them to work in the Langkawi tourism and hospitality industry. The findings highlighted that most of the respondents were male and had been working in the industry for almost 5 years. Majority were single and came from Indonesia. They had been working in the accommodation sector and majority of them hold post in the customer service sector. Additionally, their received income of lower than RM5,000. It was noted that most respondents had considered to work in Langkawi because they wanted to gain new experience. Surprisingly, high wages was considered by the respondents as the least motivational factor. The study concluded that it is essential to understand their profiles and factors motivating them as it could be used to plan for better policy and regulation regarding the recruitment of more migrant workers in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict within an organization is inescapable. However when frontline hotel employees can overcome conflicts their levels of engagement can increase and innovative behavior may emerge. The purpose of this study was to verify that the conflict management, as perceived by frontline employees, significantly affects their levels of engagement and innovative behavior. The results support this notion. Further, in the sample of 383, those employees expressing a high level of engagement were more likely to engage in innovative behavior. Also, employee engagement fully mediated the relationship between conflict management climate and innovative behavior. These findings have important implications for managing conflict management in the hospitality industry. Finally, limitations and future research directions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to determine factors impeding the development of medical tourism in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The data were derived from interviews with 16 key informants. Data analysis of the study was conducted through employing the software MAXQDA-12. The results show that marketing, international issues, culture, transfer, brokerage, management, and policy problems are the main barriers to the development of medical tourism. It seems that East Azerbaijan province should provide necessary context for the participation and investment of private sector in the field of medical tourism. Further, it should design and implement long and short-term strategies in proportion to the problems raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the moderating roles of supervisor-subordinate guanxi and employee creativity in the perceived organizational support-organizational commitment-turnover intention link in the Chinese hotel organizations. Using a matched sample of 85 supervisors and 249 subordinates from 13 hotels in Shenzhen, China, we found that both supervisor-subordinate guanxi and employee creativity altered the relationships of perceived organizational support, affective commitment and employee prequitting behaviors. A significant conditional direct effect of perceived organizational support on prequitting behaviors was moderated by low supervisor-subordinate guanxi. Furthermore, a significant conditional indirect relationship between perceived organizational support and prequitting behaviors was found at high employee creativity. Moreover, interactive effect of affective commitment and employee creativity exerted a significant negative effect on prequitting behaviors. Findings shed light on the changing traditional values in modern management practices and the conditions under which organizations can improve employee retention. Theoretical and practical implications for talent management are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a hotel location model that incorporates concepts from both game theory and gravitational site location models. We consider a hotel chain intending to build new hotels in a given region. Customers travel to the region to visit some specific points, termed “attractions”, and they choose a hotel according to room price, location and hotel attractiveness. Competitor hotels react to the new hotels by changing prices, in order to maximize their own profits, so the final set of prices will be a Nash equilibrium. We propose an iterative procedure for finding the equilibrium prices and a genetic algorithm-based procedure for finding the optimal strategy, in terms of new hotels to be built and respective typologies. Using a mini case, we illustrate and analyse the influence of several parameters. Then, we present computational experiments, concluding that the proposed procedures are effective in finding good solutions for the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]