26 results on '"Hyung-Ho Ha"'
Search Results
2. A new KSRP-binding compound suppresses distant metastasis of colorectal cancer by targeting the oncogenic KITENIN complex
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Jeong A Bae, Ik Joo Chung, Kyung Keun Kim, Hyung-Ho Ha, Keon Young Kim, So-Yeon Park, Yoo-Seung Ko, Eun Ae Kim, Woo Kyun Bae, Young Hyun Yu, Sung Jin Kim, and Hangun Kim
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Colorectal cancer ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Biology ,Metastasis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,microRNA ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,KSRP ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,RC254-282 ,Regulation of gene expression ,Cetuximab ,Research ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Membrane Proteins ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Docking (molecular) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,RNA splicing ,KITENIN complex ,Cancer research ,Trans-Activators ,Molecular Medicine ,Carrier Proteins ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Distant metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we identified KITENIN as a metastasis-enhancing gene and suggested that the oncogenic KITENIN complex is involved in metastatic dissemination of KITENIN-overexpressing CRC cells. Here, we attempted to find substances targeting the KITENIN complex and test their ability to suppress distant metastasis of CRC. Methods We screened a small-molecule compound library to find candidate substances suppressing the KITENIN complex in CRC cells. We selected a candidate compound and examined its effects on the KITENIN complex and distant metastasis through in vitro assays, a molecular docking model, and in vivo tumor models. Results Among several compounds, we identified DKC1125 (Disintegrator of KITENIN Complex #1125) as the best candidate. DKC1125 specifically suppressed KITENIN gain of function. After binding KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), DKC1125 degraded KITENIN and Dvl2 by recruiting RACK1 and miRNA-124, leading to the disintegration of the functional KITENIN–KSRP–RACK1–Dvl2 complex. A computer docking model suggested that DKC1125 specifically interacted with the binding pocket of the fourth KH-domain of KSRP. KITENIN-overexpressing CRC cells deregulated certain microRNAs and were resistant to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and cetuximab. DKC1125 restored sensitivity to these drugs by normalizing expression of the deregulated microRNAs, including miRNA-124. DKC1125 effectively suppressed colorectal liver metastasis in a mouse model. Interestingly, the combination of DKC1125 with 5-fluorouracil suppressed metastasis more effectively than either drug alone. Conclusion DKC1125 targets the KITENIN complex and could therefore be used as a novel therapeutic to suppress liver metastasis in CRC expressing high levels of KITENIN.
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- 2021
3. Differences in the molecular signatures of mucosal-associated invariant T cells and conventional T cells
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Dae Ho Lee, Hyung-Ho Ha, Daeui Park, Hwan Jung Lim, Hong Gi Kim, Kang-Seo Park, Seong-Jun Park, Tamina Park, Miok Kim, and Chang-Hoon Lee
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0301 basic medicine ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ,Cell ,lcsh:Medicine ,Blood Donors ,Mucosal associated invariant T cell ,Biology ,Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells ,Article ,Gene regulatory networks ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunogenetics ,medicine ,T-Cell Receptor Alpha Chain ,Humans ,RNA-Seq ,lcsh:Science ,Gene ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,RNA ,Molecular biology ,Phenotype ,Killer Cells, Natural ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Th17 Cells ,lcsh:Q ,Signal transduction ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells exhibit different characteristics from those of TCRα7.2− conventional T cells. They play important roles in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. MAIT cells express a single T cell receptor alpha chain, TCRα7.2 segment associated with Jα33 and CDR3 with fixed length, which recognizes bacteria-derived vitamin B metabolites. However, the characteristics of MAIT cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells have never been compared. Here, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the properties of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells. Genome-wide transcriptomes of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells, and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells were compared and analyzed using causal network analysis. This is the first report comparing the transcriptomes of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells. We also identified the predominant signaling pathways of MAIT cells, which differed from those of TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells, through a gene set enrichment test and upstream regulator analysis and identified the genes responsible for the characteristic MAIT cell phenotypes. Our study advances the complete understanding of MAIT biology.
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- 2019
4. Physciosporin suppresses the proliferation, motility and tumourigenesis of colorectal cancer cells
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Yong Jae Choi, Chathurika D.B. Gamage, So-Yeon Park, Rui Zhou, Young Hyun Yu, Kyung-Sub Moon, Tru Van Nguyen, İsa Taş, Kyung Keun Kim, Ji-Yoon Lee, Yi Yang, Hangun Kim, Sang Kyum Kim, Jin Han, and Jae-Seoun Hur
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Male ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Lichens ,Cell Survival ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Motility ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,MTT assay ,Viability assay ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,beta Catenin ,Cell Proliferation ,030304 developmental biology ,Pharmacology ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,0303 health sciences ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Chemistry ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,In vitro ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Cell culture ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Oxepins ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ,Colorectal Neoplasms - Abstract
Background Lichens, which represent symbiotic associations of fungi and algae, are potential sources of numerous natural products. Physciosporin (PHY) is a potent secondary metabolite found in lichens and was recently reported to inhibit the motility of lung cancer cells via novel mechanisms. Purpose The present study investigated the anticancer potential of PHY on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods PHY was isolated from lichen extract by preparative TLC. The effect of PHY on cell viability, motility and tumourigenicity was elucidated by MTT assay, hoechst staining, flow cytometric analysis, transwell invasion and migration assay, soft agar colony formation assay, Western blotting, qRT-PCR and PCR array in vitro as well as tumorigenicity study in vivo. Results PHY decreased the viability of various CRC cell lines (Caco2, CT26, DLD1, HCT116 and SW620). Moreover, PHY elicited cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis at toxic concentrations. At non-toxic concentrations, PHY dose-dependently suppressed the invasion, migration and colony formation of CRC cells. PHY inhibited the motility of CRC cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and downregulating actin-based motility markers. In addition, PHY downregulated β-catenin and its downstream target genes cyclin-D1 and c-Myc. Moreover, PHY modulated KAI1 C-terminal-interacting tetraspanin and KAI1 expression, and downregulated the downstream transcription factors c-jun and c-fos. Finally, PHY administration showed considerable bioavailability and effectively decreased the growth of CRC xenografts in mice without causing toxicity. Conclusion PHY suppresses the growth and motility of CRC cells via novel mechanisms.
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- 2019
5. Potassium usnate, a water-soluble usnic acid salt, shows enhanced bioavailability and inhibits invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer
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Man-Jeong Paik, Ik Joo Chung, Chathurika D.B. Gamage, Kyung Keun Kim, Myong-Suk Park, Woo Kyun Bae, Yong Jae Choi, Ji-Yoon Lee, İsa Taş, Jae-Seoun Hur, Jae Hyuk Lee, Hangun Kim, Yi Yang, Rui Zhou, Young Hyun Yu, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Hyung-Ho Ha, So-Yeon Park, and Sang Kyum Kim
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Slug ,Colorectal cancer ,Administration, Oral ,Biological Availability ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Selenic Acid ,Article ,Metastasis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Oral administration ,Cell Movement ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,lcsh:Science ,Benzofurans ,Cell Proliferation ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,lcsh:R ,Usnic acid ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,In vitro ,Bioavailability ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Treatment Outcome ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Potassium ,lcsh:Q ,Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ,Colorectal Neoplasms - Abstract
Usnic acid (UA), a lichen secondary substance, has considerable anticancer activity in vitro, whereas its effect in vivo is limited. Here, potassium usnate (KU) was prepared by the salinization of UA to enhance its water solubility. KU showed increased bioavailability compared with UA in the tumor, liver, and plasma of a CT26 syngeneic mouse tumor xenograft model after oral administration, as determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. KU exhibited potent anticancer effects on colorectal cancer cells and inhibited liver metastasis in an orthotopic murine colorectal cancer model. KU treatment downregulated the epithelial-mesenchymal markers Twist, Snail, and Slug and the metastasis-related genes CAPN1, CDC42, CFL1, IGF1, WASF1, and WASL in cells and tumor tissues. The present results suggest the potential application of the water-soluble form of UA, KU, in anticancer therapy.
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- 2018
6. Transcriptome analysis upon potassium usnate exposure reveals ATF3-induced apoptosis in human gastric and colon cancer cells
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Kyung Hyun Yoo, Sumin Oh, Sang-Hee Cho, Myong-Suk Park, Ik-Joo Chung, Hangun Kim, Woo Kyun Bae, and D.E. Kim
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Pharmaceutical Science ,Apoptosis ,Transcriptome ,Mice ,Western blot ,Stomach Neoplasms ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Animals ,Humans ,Viability assay ,Benzofurans ,Pharmacology ,Gene knockdown ,Activating Transcription Factor 3 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Cancer research ,Potassium ,Molecular Medicine ,GADD45A ,Chromatin immunoprecipitation - Abstract
Background Potassium usnate (KU), a water-soluble form of usnic acid, shows anticancer activity. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Purpose We aimed to identify the pathways involved in anticancer effects of KU in human gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) based transcriptome analysis. Study Design We analyzed the cytotoxic effects of KU to identify the common molecular events in GC and CRC cells upon KU exposure using unbiased approaches. Methods Cell viability assays and western blot experiments were used to examine apoptotic changes, cell cycle arrest, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cellular responses in KU-treated cells. Total RNA from KU-treated human GC and CRC cells was prepared for RNA-seq analysis. Gene ontology term and gene set enrichment analyses were used to identify the key mediators of the cytotoxic effects of KU. The expression of ER stress-induced apoptotic markers was evaluated using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR and western blot analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays for ATF3 and H3K27ac, and ATF3 knockdown were employed to verify the underlying molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of KU on tumor growth in vivo was validated with metastatic tumor nodule formations in a mouse liver model. Results KU exerted cytotoxicity in human GC and CRC cells through the activation of the ER stress-induced apoptotic pathway. KU stimulated ATF3 expression, an important mediator of molecular events of apoptosis. ATF3 binds to the promoter region of ATF3, CHOP, GADD34, GADD45A, DR5, and PUMA genes and subsequently promoted apoptotic events. Knockdown of ATF3 significantly reduced the expression of ATF3 target genes and the cytotoxic effects of KU. The intraperitoneal injection of KU induced ATF3 and the apoptosis of implanted colon cancer cells, resulting in reduced metastatic tumor growth in the mouse livers. Conclusion KU exerts cytotoxic effects in human GC and CRC cells by triggering ER stress-induced apoptosis via an ATF3 dependent pathway.
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- 2021
7. Physciosporin suppresses mitochondrial respiration, aerobic glycolysis, and tumorigenesis in breast cancer
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Mücahit Varlı, Yi Yang, Jin Han, Hyung-Ho Ha, So-Yeon Park, Yeseon Son, Hangun Kim, Dahye Kwak, Kyung-Sub Moon, Jae-Seoun Hur, İsa Taş, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Rui Zhou, Young Hyun Yu, Chathurika D.B. Gamage, and Sultan Pulat
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Pharmaceutical Science ,Apoptosis ,Breast Neoplasms ,Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ,PKM2 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Mice ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,MTT assay ,Viability assay ,Clonogenic assay ,Cell Proliferation ,Pharmacology ,Cell growth ,Chemistry ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Anaerobic glycolysis ,Oxepins ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Carcinogenesis ,Glycolysis - Abstract
Background Physciosporin (PHY) is one of the potent anticancer lichen compound. Recently, PHY was shown to suppress colorectal cancer cell proliferation, motility, and tumorigenesis through novel mechanisms of action. Purpose We investigated the effects of PHY on energy metabolism and tumorigenicity of the human breast cancer (BC) cells MCF-7 (estrogen and progesterone positive BC) and MDA-MB-231 (triple negative BC). Methods The anticancer effect of PHY on cell viability, motility, cancer metabolism and tumorigenicity was evaluated by MTT assay, migration assay, clonogenic assay, anchorage-independent colony formation assay, glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism analysis, qRT-PCR, flow cytometric analysis, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry in vitro; and by tumorigenicity study with orthotopic breast cancer xenograft model in vivo. Results PHY markedly inhibited BC cell viability. Cell-cycle profiling and Annexin V–FITC/PI double staining showed that a toxic dosage of PHY triggered apoptosis in BC cell lines by regulating the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins and the activity of caspase pathway. At non-toxic concentrations, PHY potently decreased migration, proliferation, and tumorigenesis of BC cells in vitro. Metabolic studies revealed that PHY treatment significantly reduced the bioenergetic profile by decreasing respiration, ATP production, and glycolysis capacity. In addition, PHY significantly altered the levels of mitochondrial (PGC-1α) and glycolysis (GLUT1, HK2 and PKM2) markers, and downregulated transcriptional regulators involved in cancer cell metabolism, including β-catenin, c-Myc, HIF-1α, and NF-κB. An orthotopic implantation mouse model of BC confirmed that PHY treatment suppressed BC growth in vivo and target genes were consistently suppressed in tumor specimens. Conclusion The findings from our in vitro as well as in vivo studies exhibit that PHY suppresses energy metabolism as well as tumorigenesis in BC. Especially, PHY represents a promising therapeutic effect against hormone-insensitive BC (triple negative) by targeting energy metabolism.
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- 2021
8. A Near-Infrared Probe Tracks and Treats Lung Tumor Initiating Cells by Targeting HMOX2
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Sungjin Park, Jungyeol Lee, Xiao Liu, Nam-Young Kang, Jong-Jin Kim, Seong Soon Kim, Zhenxun Wang, Lu Wang, Haw-Young Kwon, Yong-An Lee, So Young Choi, Seong Cheol Hong, Animesh Samanta, Myung Ae Bae, Young Hyun Yu, Wai Leong Tam, Jun-Seok Lee, Young-Tae Chang, Junyoung Kim, Bing Lim, Jia Hui Jane Lee, Beomsue Kim, and Dongdong Su
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congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Lung Neoplasms ,HMOX2 ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Catalysis ,Metastasis ,Mice ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cancer ,General Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Ligand (biochemistry) ,Small molecule ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,nervous system diseases ,0104 chemical sciences ,body regions ,Heme oxygenase ,Survival Rate ,Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Biomarker (medicine) ,human activities ,Preclinical imaging - Abstract
Tumor initiating cells (TIC) are resistant to conventional anticancer therapy and associated with metastasis and relapse in cancer. Although various TIC markers and their antibodies have been proposed, it is limited to the use of antibodies for in vivo imaging or treatment of TIC. In this study, we discovered heme oxygenase 2 (HMOX2) as a novel biomarker for TIC and developed a selective small molecule probe TiNIR (tumor initiating cell probe with near infrared). TiNIR detects and enriches the functionally active TIC in human lung tumors, and through the photoacoustic property, TiNIR also visualizes lung TIC in the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TiNIR inhibits tumor growth by blocking the function of HMOX2, resulting in significantly increased survival rates of the cancer model mice. The novel therapeutic target HMOX2 and its fluorescent ligand TiNIR will open a new path for the molecular level of lung TIC diagnosis and treatment.
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- 2019
9. Tumidulin, a Lichen Secondary Metabolite, Decreases the Stemness Potential of Colorectal Cancer Cells
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İsa Taş, Suresh R Bhosle, Iris Pereira, Kyung Keun Kim, Chathurika D.B. Gamage, Rui Zhou, Young Hyun Yu, Hangun Kim, Hyung-Ho Ha, So-Yeon Park, Yi Yang, and Jae-Seoun Hur
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0301 basic medicine ,Lichens ,Cell ,Pharmaceutical Science ,stemness potential ,lichen ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,GLI1 ,oncogene ,GLI2 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Humans ,transcriptional regulation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,colorectal cancer cells ,biology ,Oncogene ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,Plant Extracts ,secondary metabolites ,Organic Chemistry ,CD44 ,LGR5 ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,tumidulin ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Molecular Medicine ,Smoothened ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Biomarkers ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Lichens produce various unique chemicals that are used in the pharmaceutical industry. To screen for novel lichen secondary metabolites that inhibit the stemness potential of colorectal cancer cells, we tested acetone extracts of 11 lichen samples collected in Chile. Tumidulin, isolated from Niebla sp., reduced spheroid formation in CSC221, DLD1, and HT29 cells. In addition, mRNA expressions and protein levels of cancer stem markers aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1), cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133), CD44, Lgr5, and Musashi-1 were reduced after tumidulin treatment. Tumidulin decreased the transcriptional activity of the glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein (Gli) promoter in reporter assays, and western blotting confirmed decreased Gli1, Gli2, and Smoothened (SMO) protein levels. Moreover, the tumidulin activity was not observed in the presence of Gli and SMO inhibitors. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that tumidulin is a potent inhibitor of colorectal cancer cell stemness.
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- 2018
10. Hot mitochondria?
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Howard T. Jacobs, Pierre Rustin, Malgorzata Rak, Riyad El-Khoury, Hyung-Ho Ha, Paule Bénit, Young-Tae Chang, Martin Jastroch, Dominique Chretien, Susanne Keipert, Neuroprotection du Cerveau en Développement / Promoting Research Oriented Towards Early Cns Therapies (PROTECT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), College of Pharmacy [Suncheon, Corée du Sud], Suncheon National University [Suncheon, Corée du Sud], Institute for Diabetes and Obesity [Neuherberg, Allemagne], German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory [Beyrouth, Liban], Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine [Beyrouth, Liban], American University of Beirut Medical Center [Beyrouth, Liban] (AUBMC), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB)-American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB)-American University of Beirut Medical Center [Beyrouth, Liban] (AUBMC), American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB)-American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Department of Chemistry [Pohang, Corée du Sud], Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology [Tampere, Finlande] (BioMediTech), University of Tampere [Finland], Tampere University Hospital, HiLIFE - Institute of Biotechnology [Helsinki] (BI), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Research Council (grant number 232738). Received by HTJ. Academy Professorship (grant number 256615). Received by HTJ. Academy of Finland (grant number FinMIT CoE 272376). Received by HTJ. Ouvrir Les Yeux (OLY). Received by PB and PR. Association Française contre l'Ataxie de Friedreich (AFAF). Received by PB and PR. Association contre les Maladies Mitochondriales (AMMi). Received by DC, PB, MR, and PR. Association d'Aide aux Jeunes Infirmes (AAJI). Received by PB and PR. E-Rare (grant number E-rare Genomit). Received by DC, PB, MR, and PR. ANR (grant number ANR MITOXDRUGS-DS0403). Received by DC, PB, MR, and PR. ANR (grant number ANR FIFA2-12-BSV1-0010). Received by DC, PB, MR, and PR., ANR-12-BSV1-0010,FiFA2,Combattre l'Ataxie de Friedreich: utilisation de modèles biologiques complémentaires pour le criblage et l'optimisation de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques(2012), European Project: 232738,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2008-AdG,MITO BY-PASS(2009), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Bodescot, Myriam, BLANC - Combattre l'Ataxie de Friedreich: utilisation de modèles biologiques complémentaires pour le criblage et l'optimisation de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques - - FiFA22012 - ANR-12-BSV1-0010 - BLANC - VALID, and Molecular by-pass therapy for mitochondrial dysfunction - MITO BY-PASS - - EC:FP7:ERC2009-04-01 - 2015-03-31 - 232738 - VALID
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Hot Temperature ,Luminescence ,Physiology ,Respiratory chain ,Mitochondrion ,Toxicology ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Biochemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cytosol ,Short Reports ,Animal Cells ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Uncoupling protein ,Biology (General) ,Uncoupling Protein 1 ,Energy-Producing Organelles ,Plant Proteins ,Skin ,Connective Tissue Cells ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,ATP synthase ,biology ,Physics ,Electromagnetic Radiation ,Temperature ,Thermogenesis ,Mitochondria ,Electrophysiology ,Chemistry ,Connective Tissue ,Mitochondrial Membranes ,Physical Sciences ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Anatomy ,Cellular Types ,Oxidoreductases ,Chemical Elements ,Alternative oxidase ,QH301-705.5 ,Primary Cell Culture ,Toxic Agents ,[SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,Bioenergetics ,Membrane Potential ,Fluorescence ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,[SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Cyanides ,HEK 293 cells ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Kidneys ,Metabolism ,Cell Biology ,Renal System ,Fibroblasts ,Oxygen ,Enzyme ,HEK293 Cells ,Biological Tissue ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,Salts ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
In endothermic species, heat released as a product of metabolism ensures stable internal temperature throughout the organism, despite varying environmental conditions. Mitochondria are major actors in this thermogenic process. Part of the energy released by the oxidation of respiratory substrates drives ATP synthesis and metabolite transport, but a substantial proportion is released as heat. Using a temperature-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to mitochondria, we measured mitochondrial temperature in situ under different physiological conditions. At a constant external temperature of 38 °C, mitochondria were more than 10 °C warmer when the respiratory chain (RC) was fully functional, both in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and primary skin fibroblasts. This differential was abolished in cells depleted of mitochondrial DNA or treated with respiratory inhibitors but preserved or enhanced by expressing thermogenic enzymes, such as the alternative oxidase or the uncoupling protein 1. The activity of various RC enzymes was maximal at or slightly above 50 °C. In view of their potential consequences, these observations need to be further validated and explored by independent methods. Our study prompts a critical re-examination of the literature on mitochondria., Author summary To ensure a stable internal temperature, endothermic species make use of the heat released during the final steps of food burning by the mitochondria present in all cells of the organism. Indeed, only a fraction of the energy released by the oxidation of respiratory substrates is used to generate ATP, while a substantial proportion is released as heat. Using a temperature-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to mitochondria, we measured the temperature of active mitochondria in cultured intact human cells. Mitochondria were found to be more than 10 °C warmer when the respiratory chain was functional. This differential was abolished in cells depleted of mitochondrial DNA or by respiratory inhibitors but preserved or enhanced by the expression of thermogenic enzymes such as Ciona alternative oxidase or by uncoupling protein 1. The activity of various respiratory chain enzymes was found to be maximal near 50 °C. Note that in view of their potential consequences, the observations reported here need to be validated and explored further by independent methods.
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- 2018
11. Chemical Targeting of GAPDH Moonlighting Function in Cancer Cells Reveals Its Role in Tubulin Regulation
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Da-Woon Jung, Shinae Seo, Darren R. Williams, Young-Tae Chang, Soon-Ho Yim, Woong-Hee Kim, and Eun-Sang Oh
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Cytoplasm ,Cell Survival ,Alpha-enolase ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Down-Regulation ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Biochemistry ,stomatognathic system ,Cell Movement ,Tubulin ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Molecular Biology ,Zebrafish ,Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Pharmacology ,biology ,Triazines ,Drug discovery ,Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases ,Cell migration ,General Medicine ,HCT116 Cells ,Cell biology ,Actin Cytoskeleton ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Enzyme inhibitor ,Larva ,Cancer cell ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,HT29 Cells - Abstract
Summary Glycolytic enzymes are attractive anticancer targets. They also carry out numerous, nonglycolytic "moonlighting" functions in cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the triazine small molecule, GAPDS, that targets the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). GAPDS showed greater toxicity against cancer cells compared to a known GAPDH enzyme inhibitor. GAPDS also selectively inhibited cell migration and invasion. Our analysis showed that GAPDS treatment reduced GAPDH levels in the cytoplasm, which would modulate the secondary, moonlighting functions of this enzyme. We then used GAPDS as a probe to demonstrate that a moonlighting function of GAPDH is tubulin regulation, which may explain its anti-invasive properties. We also observed that GAPDS has potent anticancer activity in vivo. Our study indicates that strategies to target the secondary functions of anticancer candidates may yield potent therapeutics and useful chemical probes.
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- 2014
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12. A Unique Small Molecule Inhibitor of Enolase Clarifies Its Role in Fundamental Biological Processes
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Dongdong Su, Woong-Hee Kim, Jinho Lee, Jinmi Kim, Da-Woon Jung, Darren R. Williams, Young-Tae Chang, and Si-Hwan Park
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Protein moonlighting ,Alpha-enolase ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Enolase ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Biochemistry ,Small Molecule Libraries ,Cell Movement ,In vivo ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,Glucose homeostasis ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Zebrafish ,Adipogenesis ,biology ,Triazines ,Drug discovery ,General Medicine ,Small molecule ,Cell biology ,Glucose ,Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ,Benzamides ,Cancer cell ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Foam Cells - Abstract
Enolase is a component of the glycolysis pathway and a "moonlighting" protein, with important roles in diverse cellular processes that are not related to its function in glycolysis. However, small molecule tools to probe enolase function have been restricted to crystallography or enzymology. In this study, we report the discovery of the small molecule "ENOblock", which is the first, nonsubstrate analogue that directly binds to enolase and inhibits its activity. ENOblock was isolated by small molecule screening in a cancer cell assay to detect cytotoxic agents that function in hypoxic conditions, which has previously been shown to induce drug resistance. Further analysis revealed that ENOblock can inhibit cancer cell metastasis in vivo. Moreover, an unexpected role for enolase in glucose homeostasis was revealed by in vivo analysis. Thus, ENOblock is the first reported enolase inhibitor that is suitable for biological assays. This new chemical tool may also be suitable for further study as a cancer and diabetes drug candidate.
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- 2013
13. Development of background-free tame fluorescent probes for intracellular live cell imaging
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Lingna Hu, Enrique Alvarado-Martínez, Young-Tae Chang, Hee-Sung Park, Rudrakanta Satapathy, Christian Hoppmann, Jihyo Kim, Eduardo Peña-Cabrera, Lei Wang, Haiyan Ren, Samira Husen Alamudi, Dongdong Su, Raj Kumar Das, Jung Yeol Lee, and Hyung-Ho Ha
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Gene Expression ,Golgi Apparatus ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Signal-To-Noise Ratio ,01 natural sciences ,Cyclooctanes ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Tumor ,Multidisciplinary ,Fluorescence ,Recombinant Proteins ,Mitochondria ,Molecular Imaging ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,Cheminformatics ,BODIPY ,Cell Nucleolus ,Intracellular ,Biotechnology ,Boron Compounds ,Azides ,Science ,Bioengineering ,CHO Cells ,Biology ,010402 general chemistry ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cell Line ,Cricetulus ,Live cell imaging ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Animals ,Humans ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Osteoblasts ,Staining and Labeling ,010405 organic chemistry ,Biomolecule ,Rational design ,General Chemistry ,High-Throughput Screening Assays ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Drug Design ,Molecular imaging ,Lysosomes - Abstract
Fluorescence labelling of an intracellular biomolecule in native living cells is a powerful strategy to achieve in-depth understanding of the biomolecule's roles and functions. Besides being nontoxic and specific, desirable labelling probes should be highly cell permeable without nonspecific interactions with other cellular components to warrant high signal-to-noise ratio. While it is critical, rational design for such probes is tricky. Here we report the first predictive model for cell permeable background-free probe development through optimized lipophilicity, water solubility and charged van der Waals surface area. The model was developed by utilizing high-throughput screening in combination with cheminformatics. We demonstrate its reliability by developing CO-1 and AzG-1, a cyclooctyne- and azide-containing BODIPY probe, respectively, which specifically label intracellular target organelles and engineered proteins with minimum background. The results provide an efficient strategy for development of background-free probes, referred to as ‘tame' probes, and novel tools for live cell intracellular imaging., The success of a fluorescent dye as a molecular probe to monitor the intracellular activity of biomolecules depends on its physicochemical characteristics. Here, the authors use a predictive model to identify key features that allow them to design cell permeable, background-free fluorescent probes.
- Published
- 2016
14. Glycoprotein 90K Promotes E-Cadherin Degradation in a Cell Density-Dependent Manner via Dissociation of E-Cadherin–p120-Catenin Complex
- Author
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Jung-Il Chae, Somy Yoon, So-Yeon Park, Man-Jeong Paik, Jeong A Bae, Eun Gene Sun, Kyung Keun Kim, Young-Woo Seo, Rui Zhou, and Hangun Kim
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Delta Catenin ,Cell Count ,adherens junction ,Metastasis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neoplasms ,LGALS3BP ,Mac-2BP ,Phosphorylation ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Catenins ,General Medicine ,Cadherins ,Prognosis ,90K glycoprotein ,E-cadherin ,p120-catenin ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,MCF-7 Cells ,Female ,Down-Regulation ,Motility ,Article ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Adherens junction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Antigens, CD ,Antigens, Neoplasm ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Cell Adhesion ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Glycoproteins ,Cadherin ,Cell Membrane ,Organic Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,HEK293 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Proteolysis ,Cancer cell ,Caco-2 Cells ,Carrier Proteins ,Glycoprotein - Abstract
Glycoprotein 90K (also known as LGALS3BP or Mac-2BP) is a tumor-associated protein, and high 90K levels are associated with poor prognosis in some cancers. To clarify the role of 90K as an indicator for poor prognosis and metastasis in epithelial cancers, the present study investigated the effect of 90K on an adherens junctional protein, E-cadherin, which is frequently absent or downregulated in human epithelial cancers. Treatment of certain cancer cells with 90K significantly reduced E-cadherin levels in a cell-population-dependent manner, and these cells showed decreases in cell adhesion and increases in invasive cell motility. Mechanistically, 90K-induced E-cadherin downregulation occurred via ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation. 90K interacted with the E-cadherin–p120-catenin complex and induced its dissociation, altering the phosphorylation status of p120-catenin, whereas it did not associate with β-catenin. In subconfluent cells, 90K decreased membrane-localized p120-catenin and the membrane fraction of the p120-catenin. Particularly, 90K-induced E-cadherin downregulation was diminished in p120-catenin knocked-down cells. Taken together, 90K upregulation promotes the dissociation of the E-cadherin–p120-catenin complex, leading to E-cadherin proteasomal degradation, and thereby destabilizing adherens junctions in less confluent tumor cells. Our results provide a potential mechanism to explain the poor prognosis of cancer patients with high serum 90K levels.
- Published
- 2017
15. Inhibition of H2O2-induced neuroblastoma cell cytotoxicity by a triazine derivative, AA3E2
- Author
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Hamed Shaykhalishahi, Razieh Yazdanparast, and Young-Tae Chang
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,Cell Survival ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antioxidants ,Superoxide dismutase ,Neuroblastoma ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lactate dehydrogenase ,medicine ,Humans ,Mode of action ,Cytotoxicity ,biology ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Triazines ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Catalase ,Caspase Inhibitors ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Intracellular ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the major cause of senile dementia with the hallmark of beta-amyloid deposition in neurons. Although the main cause(s) of this deposition is not fully understood, however, the wealth of the present literature data supports the pivotal role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in both the initiation and progression of beta-amyloid aggregation and deposition. In the present study, we were interested to evaluate the free-radical protecting effect of AA3E2, a triazine derivative with a beta-amyloid-breaking activity, among SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an exogenous source of free radicals. Exposure of the cells to different doses of AA3E2 (1-16 microM) for 3h followed by subsequent exposure to a single dose of H(2)O(2) (mainly 150 microM) attenuated the extent of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) inhibition by H(2)O(2), in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, significant reduction was observed in the extent of cellular lactate dehydrogenase release, intracellular ROS and the extent of apoptosis among the cells pre-treated with AA3E2. Based on these data, an antioxidant mode of action is proposed for AA3E2 besides its previously beta-amyloid-breaking activity.
- Published
- 2009
16. Novel heterocycle-substituted pyrimidines as inhibitors of NF-κB transcription regulation related to TNF-α cytokine release
- Author
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Jee Seon Kim, B. Moon Kim, and Hyung-Ho Ha
- Subjects
Transcription, Genetic ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,macromolecular substances ,Biochemistry ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Heterocyclic Compounds ,GSK-3 ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Glycogen synthase ,Molecular Biology ,GSK3B ,Reporter gene ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ,biology ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Kinase ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,NF-kappa B ,NF-κB ,Pyrimidines ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Enzyme inhibitor ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Signal transduction - Abstract
Novel heterocyclic ring-substituted pyrimidines have been designed as inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) from the modification of known inhibitors. Several potent inhibitors exhibiting nanomolar activities were discovered against GSK-3beta kinase as well as in an NF-kappaB reporter gene assay. Based on the results from in vitro TNF-alpha release inhibition and in vivo endotoxima, these inhibitors are expected to be useful candidates for treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
- Published
- 2008
17. Inhibitory Activity of (+)-Usnic Acid against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Motility
- Author
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Thanh Thi Nguyen, Hye Gwang Jeong, Min-Hye Jeong, Hyung-Ho Ha, Florin Crişan, Hangun Kim, Jae-Seoun Hur, Kyung Keun Kim, Kyung Hee Choi, Tae Cheon Jeong, Yi Yang, Young Hyun Yu, and Kwang Youl Lee
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,RHOA ,Lung Neoplasms ,Lichens ,Motility ,lcsh:Medicine ,RAC1 ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Mass Spectrometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cyclin D1 ,Cell Movement ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,lcsh:Science ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Benzofurans ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Romania ,CD44 ,lcsh:R ,Usnic acid ,Molecular biology ,030104 developmental biology ,HEK293 Cells ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Research Article - Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms that produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes. With the aim of screening new anti-cancer agents that inhibit cancer cell motility, we tested the inhibitory activity of seven lichen species collected from the Romanian Carpathian Mountains against migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells and further investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-metastatic activity. Among them, Alectoria samentosa, Flavocetraria nivalis, Alectoria ochroleuca, and Usnea florida showed significant inhibitory activity against motility of human lung cancer cells. HPLC results showed that usnic acid is the main compound in these lichens, and (+)-usnic acid showed similar inhibitory activity that crude extract have. Mechanistically, beta-catenin-mediated TOPFLASH activity and KITENIN-mediated AP-1 activity were decreased by (+)-usnic acid treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The quantitative real-time PCR data showed that (+)-usnic acid decreased the mRNA level of CD44, Cyclin D1 and c-myc, which are the downstream target genes of both beta-catenin/LEF and c-jun/AP-1. Also, Rac1 and RhoA activities were decreased by treatment with (+)-usnic acid. Interestingly, higher inhibitory activity for cell invasion was observed when cells were treated with (+)-usnic acid and cetuximab. These results implied that (+)-usnic acid might have potential activity in inhibition of cancer cell metastasis, and (+)-usnic acid could be used for anti-cancer therapy with a distinct mechanisms of action.
- Published
- 2015
18. Lichen Secondary Metabolite, Physciosporin, Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Motility
- Author
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Cheol Moon, Min-Hye Jeong, Eun Gene Sun, Thanh Thi Nguyen, Tru Van Nguyen, Kyung Keun Kim, Iris Pereira, Hyung-Ho Ha, Jayalal Udeni, So-Yeon Park, Jae-Seoun Hur, Young Hyun Yu, Hangun Kim, and Yi Yang
- Subjects
rho GTP-Binding Proteins ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Lung Neoplasms ,Lichens ,lcsh:Medicine ,Motility ,RAC1 ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Secondary metabolite ,Biology ,Kangai-1 Protein ,Metastasis ,Acetone ,Tetraspanin ,Cell Movement ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Plant Extracts ,lcsh:R ,Membrane Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Transcription Factor AP-1 ,Metastasis Suppressor Gene ,Cell culture ,Immunology ,Oxepins ,lcsh:Q ,Carrier Proteins ,medicine.drug ,Research Article - Abstract
Lichens produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes. To screen for novel lichen secondary metabolites showing inhibitory activity against lung cancer cell motility, we tested acetone extracts of 13 lichen samples collected in Chile. Physciosporin, isolated from Pseudocyphellaria coriacea (Hook f. & Taylor) D.J. Galloway & P. James, was identified as an effective compound and showed significant inhibitory activity in migration and invasion assays against human lung cancer cells. Physciosporin treatment reduced both protein and mRNA levels of N-cadherin with concomitant decreases in the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as snail and twist. Physciosporin also suppressed KITENIN (KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin)-mediated AP-1 activity in both the absence and presence of epidermal growth factor stimulation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of the metastasis suppressor gene, KAI1, was increased while that of the metastasis enhancer gene, KITENIN, was dramatically decreased by physciosporin. Particularly, the activity of 3'-untranslated region of KITENIN was decreased by physciosporin. Moreover, Cdc42 and Rac1 activities were decreased by physciosporin. These results demonstrated that the lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, inhibits lung cancer cell motility through novel mechanisms of action.
- Published
- 2015
19. Mitochondria-targeted fluorescent thermometer monitors intracellular temperature gradient
- Author
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Sungjin Park, Madoka Suzuki, Young-Tae Chang, Jung Sun Yoo, Satoshi Arai, Hyung-Ho Ha, Lu Wang, and Nam-Young Kang
- Subjects
Thermometry ,Catalysis ,Fluorescence ,Cell Line ,Mice ,Materials Chemistry ,Animals ,Humans ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,Mito thermo yellow ,Metals and Alloys ,Microscopic level ,Temperature ,General Chemistry ,3T3 Cells ,Small molecule ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Mitochondria ,Temperature gradient ,Biochemistry ,Xanthenes ,Thermometer ,Ceramics and Composites ,Biophysics ,Intracellular ,Mitochondria targeted ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
Intracellular thermometry at the microscopic level is currently a hot topic. Herein we describe a small molecule fluorescent thermometer targeting mitochondria (Mito thermo yellow). Mito thermo yellow successfully demonstrates the ability to monitor the intracellular temperature gradient, generated by exogenous heating, in various cells.
- Published
- 2015
20. Inhibition of tau aggregation by a rosamine derivative that blocks tau intermolecular disulfide cross-linking
- Author
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Sungsu Lim, Hyung-Ho Ha, Young Hyun Yu, Dong-Jin Kim, Yun Kyung Kim, Young-Tae Chang, Md. Mamunul Haque, and Dohee Kim
- Subjects
Tau protein ,Gene Expression ,tau Proteins ,Small Molecule Libraries ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Protein Aggregates ,mental disorders ,Drug Discovery ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Humans ,Benzothiazoles ,Disulfides ,Fluorescent Dyes ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Neurodegeneration ,Intermolecular force ,Disulfide bond ,medicine.disease ,Small molecule ,In vitro ,Peptide Fragments ,Recombinant Proteins ,Solutions ,Thiazoles ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Xanthenes ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,Thiol ,Protein Multimerization ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Derivative (chemistry) - Abstract
Abnormal tau aggregates are presumed to be neurotoxic and are an important therapeutic target for multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Growing evidence has shown that tau intermolecular disulfide cross-linking is critical in generating tau oligomers that serve as a building block for higher-order aggregates. Here we report that a small molecule inhibitor prevents tau aggregation by blocking the generation of disulfide cross-linked tau oligomers. Among the compounds tested, a rosamine derivative bearing mild thiol reactivity selectively labeled tau and effectively inhibited oligomerization and fibrillization processes in vitro. Our data suggest that controlling tau oxidation status could be a new therapeutic strategy for prevention of abnormal tau aggregation.
- Published
- 2014
21. Diversity oriented fluorescence library approach (DOFLA) for live cell imaging probe development
- Author
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Seong-Wook Yun, Sungjin Park, Jun-Seok Lee, Yun Kyung Kim, Young-Tae Chang, Hyung-Ho Ha, and Nam-Young Kang
- Subjects
Boron Compounds ,Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Cell type ,Cellular differentiation ,Cell ,Molecular Probe Techniques ,Small Molecule Libraries ,Islets of Langerhans ,Neural Stem Cells ,Live cell imaging ,medicine ,Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ,Humans ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Muscle Cells ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Embryonic stem cell ,Molecular biology ,Glutathione ,Neural stem cell ,Cell biology ,Molecular Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cancer cell ,Microglia ,Histamine - Abstract
A cell is the smallest functional unit of life. All forms of life rely on cellular processes to maintain normal functions, and changes in cell function induced by metabolic disturbances, physicochemical damage, infection, or abnormal gene expression may cause disease. To understand basic biology and to develop therapeutics for diseases, researchers need to study live cells. Along with advances in fluorescence microscopy and in vitro cell culture, live-cell imaging has become an essential tool in modern biology for the study of molecular and cellular events. Although researchers have often used fluorescent proteins to visualize cell-type-specific markers, this method requires genetic manipulations, which may not be appropriate in nontransgenic cells. Immunodetection of cellular markers requires the use of xenogenic antibodies, which may not detect intracellular markers in live cells. One option for overcoming these problems is the use of fluorescent small molecules targeted to specific cell types, which can enter live cells and interact with molecules of interest. We have used combinatorial chemistry to develop a large number of fluorescent small molecules as new imaging probes even without prior information about the probes' binding targets and mechanism, a strategy that we call the diversity oriented fluorescence library approach (DOFLA). We have used DOFLA to produce novel sensors and probes that detect a variety of biological and chemical molecules in vivo as well as in vitro. In this Account, we describe a series of fluorescent small molecules developed using DOFLA that bind specifically to particular cell types. These molecules provide new ways to detect and isolate these cells. The fluorescent probes CDy1, CDg4, and CDb8 tag embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells but not fibroblasts or germ-line cells. CDr3 binds to an intracellular neural stem cell marker, fatty acid binding protein 7, which allows researchers to separate neural stem cells from embryonic stems cells and more differentiated cells such as neurons and glia. In addition, we have developed CDr10, which distinguishes microglia from neurons and glia. CDy2 stains myocytes much more brightly than myoblasts because of the increase in mitochondrial membrane potential during myogenesis. GY and PiY selectively stain α and β cells of pancreatic islets, respectively. Histamine Blue binds directly to histamine and stains basophils and macrophages containing high quantities of histamine. Glutathione Green allows researchers to measure the level of glutathione in cells and tissues by binding to glutathione and then triggering a hypsochromic shift. We have also developed a set of compounds that bind to cancer cells based on the cell type of origin and biocompatible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanotags for cancer detection. In addition to discussing these new probes and their cell-type specificity, we also describe their applications in new assays, cell characterization, and pathology studies.
- Published
- 2014
22. Diversity-driven chemical probe development for biomolecules: beyond hypothesis-driven approach
- Author
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Young Hyun Yu, Seong-Wook Yun, Young-Tae Chang, and Nam-Young Kang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Scope (project management) ,Computer science ,Mechanism (biology) ,Biomolecule ,Cells ,Rational design ,Nanotechnology ,Chemical probe ,General Chemistry ,Molecular Imaging ,Development (topology) ,chemistry ,Biomimetics ,Clinical diagnosis ,Molecular Probes ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,Biochemical engineering - Abstract
Bioprobes are indispensable tools for biological study and clinical diagnosis. A conventional strategy for probe development is hypothesis-driven approach based on known molecular mechanisms of recognition for individual analytes. However, even the most sophisticated rational design does not always guarantee the applicability of probes in complex biological systems, therefore the efficiency and scope of probe development has been intrinsically limited. Diversity-driven approach is a rapidly emerging alternative and has been employed for the development of new probes even in the absence of the knowledge about target recognition mechanism. This tutorial review summarizes the recent advances in probe development along with conceptual advantages and perspectives of the diversity-driven approach.
- Published
- 2011
23. The binding of fluorophores to proteins depends on the cellular environment
- Author
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Young Hoon Ahn, Hyung-Ho Ha, Young-Tae Chang, Yun Kyung Kim, Jun-Seok Lee, Paul A. Clemons, Shin Hui Ng, Bridget K. Wagner, Jae Jung Lee, and Xuezhi Bi
- Subjects
Plasma protein binding ,Rhodamine 123 ,Catalysis ,Article ,Green fluorescent protein ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Piperidines ,Live cell imaging ,Tubulin ,Humans ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Inner mitochondrial membrane ,Fluorescent Dyes ,biology ,Binding protein ,General Chemistry ,Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ,HEK293 Cells ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,RNA Interference ,Target protein ,Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Fluorescent small-molecules become extensively used for live-cell imaging, but mainly in the context of labeling conjugates for other protein-binding motifs, such as antibodies.[1] As most fluorescent molecules are flat and hydrophobic, it has generally been believed that these fluorophores may bind to many hydrophobic proteins in cells, without any specificity.[2] This conventional wisdom, however, has not been tested systemically due to the lack of sufficiently diverse dye sources. Recently, we developed a diversity-oriented fluorescence library approach (DOFLA) to use fluorescent dyes to distinguish directly cellular components such as GTP,[3] DNA,[4] RNA,[5] heparin,[6] and organelles.[7] In this system, the diverse structural motifs of each dye molecule in the library endowed target selectivity. From these results, we envisioned that sufficient structural modifications of fluorophore scaffold could lead us to develop probes that label specific proteins from whole proteomes.[8] In addition to our recent finding of a fluorescein derivative labeling glutathione s-transferase,[9] here we report a rosamine derivative that labels tubulin in vitro and a mitochondrial protein in live cells. Previously a fluorescent small molecule capable of detecting differentiated myotubes was discovered from mitochondria-targeted rosamine library.[10, 11, 12] The hallmark of muscle differentiation is the fusion of mono-nucleated myoblasts to multi-nucleated myotubes.[13] During murine C2C12 myogenesis, the fluorescence intensity of one rosamine compound, E26, increased significantly. This myotube selectivity may be achieved by binding to one of the differentiation markers expressed more highly in myotubes; alternatively, the probe may detect other physiological changes after differentiation. When subjected for the further investigation, unfortunately, E26 showed photo-instability under strong and continuous light irradiation (Supplementary Fig. 1 online). The rosamine library compounds were retested under long-term light exposure and we selected two compounds (I25 and I31; Fig. 1) based on high photo-stability and fluorescence response after differentiation (I25: 2.4 ± 0.2, I31: 3.0 ± 0.5 fold increase, N = 3; Supplementary Fig. 2 online). Figure 1 Probes for myogenic differentiation In order to identify protein binders of these compounds, affinity matrices were prepared based on careful SAR studies (Fig. 2a). Affinity pull-down assay is the most conventional method for identification of small-molecule binding proteins.[14] Affinity resins were incubated with myotube lysates and washed with buffer to get rid of non-specific binders. Then, resin-bound proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and stained with Coomassie blue (Fig. 2b). One enriched protein band at approximately 54 kDa was observed along with several other bands. To determine the specificity of protein binders to these compounds, competition assay was followed. Myotube cell lysate was pre-incubated with 100 µM of I25, I31, rhodamine 123, or rhodamine B before affinity pull-down. Figure 2 Identification of protein-binders in vitro vs. in living cells The strongest band at 54 kDa completely disappeared upon competition with unmodified I25 or I31, but not with rhodamine 123 or rhodamine B, which were included as structurally similar controls. Thus, we concluded that the 54 kDa band was the most convincing binding target protein of the compounds. The band was excised, sequenced, and identified to be tubulin (Supplementary Note 1 online). While affinity pull-down assay identified the major binder to be tubulin, a well-known cytosolic protein, our compounds appeared to be localized to mitochondria in live cells. Affinity-based isolation greatly depends on protein abundace as well as protein binding affinity. Since tubulin is a highly abundant protein in cells (10 ~ 20 µM),[15] despite the intrinsic affinity, its isolation might be an artifact. Therefore, we further explored the endogenus binding protein in the context of live cells. For live-cell investigation, we synthesized a cell-permeable chemical affinity derivative, which has a thiol reactive chloroacetyl group, to enable covalent binding to target proteins (Fig. 2c). The compound is named as CDy2, Compound of Designation yellow 2, following the biological convention of Cluster of Designation (CD) for cell-surface markers. The benefit of the chemical affinity probe is that once it forms a covalent bond with its targets in live cells. Those labeled proteins can be visualized by scanning the SDS-PAGE gel with a fluorescence scanner, even though the proteins are denatured. When applied to myoblasts and myotubes, CDy2 showed a 2.3-fold increase in fluorescence intensity after differentiation (2.3 ± 0.4 fold increase, N = 3; Fig. 2d), which is comparable to the increases observed with I25 and I31. To unveil the endogenus binding protein(s), myoblasts or myotubes were incubated with CDy2 for 1 hour. Labeled lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed with a fluorescence scanner (Fig. 2d). Again, a unique fluorescently labeled band was observed around 54 kDa (Fig. 2e). Also, pre-treatment of myotubes with I31 reduced the intensity of CDy2-labeled protein band, indicating effective competition of CDy2 with I31 in live cells (Supplementary Fig. 3b online). To determine the identity of the labeled protein, cell lysates were separated by 2D-gel electrophoresis, and fluorescently labeled spots around 54 kDa were excised and sequenced (Fig. 2f; Supplementary Note 2 online). To our surprise, the major spots were found to be mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), not tubulin. To validate the binding in live cells, firstly ALDH2 or tubulin was overexpressed in HEK cells. Each protein was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to distinguish those from the endogenous proteins. Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were labeled with CDy2 and each lysate was subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis (Fig. 3a); the HEK293 cell line was chosen because of its relatively high transfection efficiency. The result shows that CDy2 labeled ALDH2-GFP, but not tubulin-GFP. Secondly, ALDH2 expression was suppressed by siRNA (Fig. 3b). Upon ALDH2 knock-down, the CDy2-labeled band (54 kDa) was dramatically reduced. These siRNA and overexpression experiments clearly indicate that CDy2 selectively binds to ALDH2 in living cells. However, when treated to cell lysates, CDy2 labeled tubulin instead of ALDH2 (Supplementary Fig. 4d online). Altogether, these results suggest that CDy2 binds to two distinct proteins depending on the experimental environment. Figure 3 Validation of labeled protein identity in living cells In-gel fluorescence analysis showed that CDy2 labels ALDH2 stronger in myotubes over myoblast (Fig. 2e). Interestingly, however, the total amount of ALDH2 remained unchanged before and after differentiation. Thus it was necessary to determine the mechanism of CDy2 selectivity for myotubes. For example, the mitochondrial membrane potential of skeletal muscle is quite high, possibly due to increased energy requirements for muscle contractions;[13] this elevated membrane potential may cause the myotube-selectivity of CDy2. In fact, when cells were fixed with formaldehyde, CDy2 lost its mitochondrial preference, as well as its selectivity for myotubes (Supplementary Fig. 4a online). Further, the mitochondrial membrane potential was disrupted by treating cells with the mitochondrial uncoupler CCCP (carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone).[16] Upon pre-treatment with CCCP, the amount of fluorescently labeled protein was significantly reduced (Supplementary Fig. 4c online). These results support the notion that an increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential as a result of myogenesis gives rise to the selectivity of CDy2 for myotubes. Rosamine compounds are derivatives of rhodamine, which have long been used as mitochondrial probes. Their aromatic and cationic properties direct them to mitochondria due to the membrane potential across its bilayer.[17] The rosamine probes are sensitive to the incresed membrane potential after myogenic differentiation. Once localized in mitochondria, they labeled ALDH2 selectively. Although ALDH2 itself is not a differentiation marker, the selectivity to rosamine probes deserves careful consideration. Up until now, it has been generally believed that rhodamine dyes stain the mitochondrial membrane without showing specific interactions with mitochondrial proteins.[18] A cell is a highly ordered structure,[19] where small-molecule localization is precisely controlled based on chemical properties. Once a small molecule is sequestered in an organelle such as mitochondria, its interaction with proteins will be greatly limited within the cellular compartment. In this study, CDy2 showed an apparent binding affinity to tubulin in vitro, but resulted in binding to ALDH2 in live cells. This implies that CDy2 molecules are sequestered in mitochondria rapidly before they have a chance to react with tubulin in the cytoplasm. Elucidating small molecule’s binding protein is the most challenging part of chemical genetics work. Our observations cast important warning that the binding partner should be carefully evaluated in the context of the environmental factors.
- Published
- 2010
24. A fluorescent rosamine compound selectively stains pluripotent stem cells
- Author
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Jae Jung Lee, Hyung-Ho Ha, Bo Feng, Sungjin Park, Xuezhi Bi, Chang Nim Im, Huck-Hui Ng, Jun-Seok Lee, Nam-Young Kang, Young-Tae Chang, Marc Vendrell, Sang Yeon Lee, Yun Kyung Kim, Seong Wook Yun, Young Hoon Ahn, and Jun Li
- Subjects
Somatic cell ,Green Fluorescent Proteins ,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Mice, Transgenic ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Fibroblasts ,Molecular biology ,Regenerative medicine ,Catalysis ,Cell biology ,Cell Line ,Mice ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Animals ,Humans ,Stem cell ,Induced pluripotent stem cell ,Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ,Embryonic Stem Cells ,Fluorescent Dyes - Abstract
Stem cells, which are capable of self-renewing and differ-entiating into various types of cells, have captured greatinterest as a valuable resource for regenerative medicine anddevelopmental biology research. Technical progress duringthe last decade has enabled the isolation of stem cells from awide range of tissues, their differentiation into specific typesof cells, and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) from somatic cells. The recent success of patient-specific iPSC generation
- Published
- 2010
25. Fluorescent labeling of membrane proteins on the surface of living cells by a self-catalytic glutathione S-transferase omega 1 tag
- Author
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Hyung-Ho Ha, Jyunghyun Son, Jae-Jung Lee, and Young-Tae Chang
- Subjects
Recombinant Fusion Proteins ,Green Fluorescent Proteins ,Cell ,Intracellular Space ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,Endocytosis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Growth factor receptor ,Live cell imaging ,medicine ,Humans ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,Fluorescein ,Molecular Biology ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Glutathione Transferase ,Staining and Labeling ,Membrane Proteins ,ErbB Receptors ,Protein Transport ,Autofluorescence ,HEK293 Cells ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Membrane protein ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Imaging a specific protein of interest in live cell has versatile applications in biological research. Recently, diverse chemical tags have been developed to overcome the limits of autofluorescence protein (FP) tags. However, current chemical methods still need to be progressed to compete with FPs in the scope of specificity and convenience in staining procedure. We report a novel protein tagging method that provides a convenient and specific fluorescent labeling of membrane proteins. Ω tag is developed by employing a mammalian enzyme glutathione sulfur-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) and its partner dye, 5-bromomethyl fluorescein (BMF). Ω-tagged membrane proteins were labeled by BMF efficiently for live cell imaging and in-gel analysis. Endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was successfully visualized by using this Ω tagging system. Ω tag will provide a convenient tool for the physiological study of membrane proteins in live cells.
- Published
- 2011
26. A Triazine Compound S06 Inhibits Proinvasive Crosstalk between Carcinoma Cells and Stromal Fibroblasts via Binding to Heat Shock Protein 90
- Author
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Zhong Min Che, Jinmi Kim, Hyung-Ho Ha, Eun-Sang Oh, Darren R. Williams, Da-Woon Jung, Sin-Hyeog Im, Young-Tae Chang, Gi-Cheon Kim, Soo Hyun Eom, and Jin Kim
- Subjects
Chemokine ,Stromal cell ,Transplantation, Heterologous ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Cell Communication ,Biochemistry ,Cell Line ,Hsp90 inhibitor ,Cell Movement ,Heat shock protein ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Molecular Biology ,Zebrafish ,Pharmacology ,Tumor microenvironment ,biology ,Triazines ,General Medicine ,Fibroblasts ,biology.organism_classification ,Hsp90 ,Molecular biology ,Crosstalk (biology) ,stomatognathic diseases ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Mouth Neoplasms ,RNA Interference ,Chemokines ,Protein Binding - Abstract
SummaryCarcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor invasion by secreting soluble factors. A tagged triazine library was screened in our novel transwell coculture model of CAF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We discovered compound S06, which reduced OSCC invasion by inhibiting secretion of CAF-derived proinvasive chemokines. The N-terminus of Hsp90 was found to be the cellular target of S06. Importantly, S06 did not induce hepatic toxicity, a side effect associated with well-known Hsp90 inhibitors. Moreover, S06 inhibited tumor cell migration in a zebrafish xenograft model. Our results demonstrate that Hsp90 is a novel target for stromal-based therapy to modulate proinvasive molecular crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, S06 represents a new class of Hsp90 inhibitor and is an attractive candidate for anticancer drug development.
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