7,110 results on '"Immunologic diseases. Allergy"'
Search Results
2. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells in human asthma
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Arifumi Iwata, Yosuke Toda, Hiroki Furuya, and Hiroshi Nakajima
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Asthma ,Epithelial cytokines ,Humans ,ILC2s ,Type 2-high ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Asthma is characterized by increased airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow limitation, and remodeling due to allergic airway inflammation. Asthma has been proposed to be classified into various phenotypes by cluster analyses integrating clinical information and laboratory data. Recently, asthma has been classified into two major endotypes, Type 2-high and Type 2-low asthma, and various subtypes based on the underlying molecular mechanisms. In Type 2-high asthma, Th2 cells, together with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), produce type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, which play crucial roles in causing airway inflammation. The roles of ILC2s in asthma pathogenesis have been analyzed primarily in murine models, demonstrating their importance not only in IL-33- or papain-induced innate asthma models but also in house dust mite (HDM)- or ovalbumin (OVA)-induced acquired asthma models evoked in an antigen-specific manner. Recently, evidence regarding the roles of ILC2s in human asthma is also accumulating. This minireview summarizes the roles of ILC2s in asthma, emphasizing human studies.
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- 2023
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3. ILC3: a case of conflicted identity
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Ivan Koprivica, Suzana Stanisavljević, Dragica Mićanović, Bojan Jevtić, Ivana Stojanović, and Đorđe Miljković
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innate lymphoid cells ,phenotype ,flow cytometry ,humans ,mice ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells type 3 (ILC3s) are the first line sentinels at the mucous tissues, where they contribute to the homeostatic immune response in a major way. Also, they have been increasingly appreciated as important modulators of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune responses, both locally and systemically. The proper identification of ILC3 is of utmost importance for meaningful studies on their role in immunity. Flow cytometry is the method of choice for the detection and characterization of ILC3. However, the analysis of ILC3-related papers shows inconsistency in ILC3 phenotypic definition, as different inclusion and exclusion markers are used for their identification. Here, we present these discrepancies in the phenotypic characterization of human and mouse ILC3s. We discuss the pros and cons of using various markers for ILC3 identification. Furthermore, we consider the possibilities for the efficient isolation and propagation of ILC3 from different organs and tissues for in-vitro and in-vivo studies. This paper calls upon uniformity in ILC3 definition, isolation, and propagation for the increased possibility of confluent interpretation of ILC3’s role in immunity.
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- 2023
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4. Development and characterization of a unique anti‐IgE mouse monoclonal antibody cross‐reactive between human and canine IgE
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Akiko Kumagai, Takuya Nara, Mizuho Uematsu, Yoko Kakinuma, Takashi Saito, and Kenichi Masuda
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animals ,epitopes ,humans ,IgE ,monoclonal antibody ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Background The efficacy assessment of human anti‐IgE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in animal models before clinical trials is hampered due to the lack of cross‐reactivity of anti‐IgE mAbs between species. Objective We developed CRE‐DR (an anti‐dog IgE monoclonal antibody), an anti‐IgE mouse mAb that recognizes canine and human IgE, and then examined its IgE specificity and cross‐reactivity between three animal and human species. Methods After mouse immunization with a synthetic peptide derived from canine IgE (282NTNDWIEGETYYC294), we generated a hybridoma producing CRE‐DR. The CRE‐DR purified from the ascites of hybridoma‐inoculated mice was used for ELISA and Western blot analysis to examine reactivity to dog, human, and rodent IgEs as well as recombinant bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐conjugated to canine, human, and rodent IgE amino acid peptides corresponding to the immunizing sequence. We then performed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for dog IgE using sera from dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) after inhibition with canine IgE and IgG. The amino acid sequence recognized by CRE‐DR was identified by ELISA using synthetic peptides. Results CRE‐DR is a monoclonal mouse IgG1κ specific for dog IgE, and the ELISA values in atopic dog sera were inhibited by dog IgE, but not dog IgG. The binding of CRE‐DR to human IgE was relatively maintained, but not to rodent IgEs, which results were confirmed with the BSA‐conjugated IgE peptides of the various species. The CRE‐DR reactivity was supported by the comparison of amino acid sequence of CRE‐DR epitope, DWIEGETYYC, in dog IgE; one, two, and three amino acids were substituted in the human, rat, and mouse IgE epitopes, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance CRE‐DR is a mAb cross‐reactive to dog and human IgEs, which can allow the use of a dog model of allergy to test the efficacy of a CRE‐DR‐derived anti‐IgE therapeutic mAb before human clinical trials.
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- 2021
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5. Humans are urged to be vigilant against spillback infection of new henipaviruses
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Hao Yuan, Yuanni Shi, Xiaofan Chen, Jingbo Zhai, Jin Zhang, and Zi-Guo Yuan
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humans ,spillback ,infection ,henipaviruses ,transmission ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Published
- 2022
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6. Human Disseminated Protothecosis: The Skin is the 'Window'?
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Xue Wang, Yuanshuai Ran, Songgan Jia, Sarah Ahmed, Xuemei Long, Yinhui Jiang, and Yanping Jiang
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humans ,immunosuppression ,skin diseases ,diagnostic errors ,Prototheca ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Human disseminated protothecosis is a rare infection caused by members of the genus Prototheca, an achlorophyllic algae always associated with debilitated hosts. The presence of non-budding cells and large, spherical cells (sporangia) with endosporulation (morula) in histology is proof of Prototheca infection. Regrettably, due to the lack of specificity of clinical features and low awareness among clinicians, protothecosis is always underestimated and misdiagnosed. The available data on a species-specific analysis of this infection are limited. In this review, we summarize the etiological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of disseminated protothecosis. The potential pathogenicity and clinical differences between P. zopfii and P. wickerhamii were observed. Additionally, the skin not only became the main invasion site but also the most involved organ by the pathogen. With the increasing numbers of immunocompromised individuals throughout the world, the incidence of disseminated infection caused by Prototheca is bound to increase, and disseminated protothecosis that accompanies skin symptoms should be taken into account by clinicians.
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- 2022
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7. Variation of Immune Cell Responses in Humans Reveals Sex-Specific Coordinated Signaling Across Cell Types
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Gabriela K. Fragiadakis, Zachary B. Bjornson-Hooper, Deepthi Madhireddy, Karen Sachs, Han Chen, David R. McIlwain, Matthew H. Spitzer, Sean C. Bendall, and Garry P. Nolan
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mass cytometry ,CyTOF ,immune cells ,signaling ,humans ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Assessing the health and competence of the immune system is central to evaluating vaccination responses, autoimmune conditions, cancer prognosis, and treatment. With an increasing number of studies examining immune dysregulation, there is a growing need for a curated reference of variation in immune parameters in healthy individuals. We used mass cytometry (CyTOF) to profile blood from 86 humans in response to 15 ex vivo immune stimuli. We present reference ranges for cell-specific immune markers and highlight differences that appear across sex and age. We identified modules of immune features that suggest there exists an underlying structure to the immune system based on signaling pathway responses across cell types. We observed increased MAPK signaling in inflammatory pathways in innate immune cells and greater overall coordination of immune cell responses in females. In contrast, males exhibited stronger pSTAT1 and pTBK1 responses. These reference data are publicly available as a resource for immune profiling studies.
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- 2022
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8. How health care providers should address vaccine hesitancy in the clinical setting: Evidence for presumptive language in making a strong recommendation
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Robert M. Jacobson, Jennifer L. St. Sauver, Joan M. Griffin, Kathy L. MacLaughlin, and Lila J. Finney Rutten
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vaccination ,immunization ,vaccination refusal ,anti-vaccine movement ,patient acceptance of health care ,parents ,humans ,adult ,adolescent ,child ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy occurs throughout the world and can result in poor vaccine uptake and vaccine-preventable disease-outbreaks. Vaccine hesitancy dates back to the days of Edward Jenner and the smallpox vaccine. It persists despite the preponderance of evidence supporting vaccine safety and effectiveness. Studies show even among parents of well-vaccinated children that 15–35% of those parents are vaccine-hesitant. Studies have failed to show the efficacy of educational interventions, and, indeed, a number of studies of educational interventions show a contrarian effect leaving the vaccine-hesitant more entrenched in their views. Still dozens of studies support health care provider recommendation as a major factor in achieving high rates of vaccine uptake. Furthermore, studies find those recommendations perceived as stronger are more effective than those perceived as weaker. What makes for a stronger recommendation? Several observational studies indicate that presumptive, announcement language as contrasted with participatory, conversational language makes for a stronger more effective recommendation. Several trials now demonstrate that health care providers and practices can implement this language and obtain higher vaccination uptake. The authors recommend the practice be adopted as a routine practice in the clinical setting for all vaccinations
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- 2020
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9. Inflammasomes and Type 1 Diabetes
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James Alexander Pearson, F. Susan Wong, and Li Wen
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inflammasomes ,microbiota ,type 1 diabetes ,NOD mice ,humans ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Microbiota have been identified as an important modulator of susceptibility in the development of Type 1 diabetes in both animal models and humans. Collectively these studies highlight the association of the microbiota composition with genetic risk, islet autoantibody development and modulation of the immune responses. However, the signaling pathways involved in mediating these changes are less well investigated, particularly in humans. Importantly, understanding the activation of signaling pathways in response to microbial stimulation is vital to enable further development of immunotherapeutics, which may enable enhanced tolerance to the microbiota or prevent the initiation of the autoimmune process. One such signaling pathway that has been poorly studied in the context of Type 1 diabetes is the role of the inflammasomes, which are multiprotein complexes that can initiate immune responses following detection of their microbial ligands. In this review, we discuss the roles of the inflammasomes in modulating Type 1 diabetes susceptibility, from genetic associations to the priming and activation of the inflammasomes. In addition, we also summarize the available inhibitors for therapeutically targeting the inflammasomes, which may be of future use in Type 1 diabetes.
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- 2021
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10. Efficacy of anti‐immunoglobulin E therapy in patients with prurigo: A pilot study
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Tsukasa Ugajin and Hiroo Yokozeki
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anti‐IgE antibodies ,basophils ,humans ,omalizumab ,prurigo ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives Chronic prurigo is a reactive skin disease marked by multiple pruriginous lesions such as papules, nodules, and erythema. We previously showed that basophil infiltration into the pruriginous lesions and basophil activation in blood are frequently observed. Therefore, basophils may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic prurigo. In this study, we examined the efficacy of anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) therapy with omalizumab, which blocks basophil activation, in patients with prurigo. Methods Seven patients with chronic prurigo (prurigo chronica multiformis [PCM]: five patients; prurigo nodularis [PN]: two patients) and one patient with prurigo subacuta (PS) were enrolled. The infiltration of basophils into skin lesions was assessed by immunohistochemical analyses using a monoclonal antibody. All patients were treated three times with 300 mg omalizumab every 4 weeks, regardless of serum levels of total IgE. Skin symptoms were assessed using our unique skin scores before and after treatment with omalizumab. The efficacy of the treatment was determined according to the reduction ratio of skin scores as follows: high (ratio > 70%), moderate (70% ≥ ratio > 40%), mild (40% ≥ ratio > 10%), or none (10% ≥ ratio). Results All five patients with PCM were improved: The efficacy was high for three patients, moderate for one patient, and mild for one patient. In addition, the pruriginous lesions were improved mildly in the patient with PS, but not in those with PN. Conclusions Anti‐IgE antibody therapy with omalizumab may be effective for PCM but not for the other types of chronic prurigo.
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- 2019
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11. Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. Recurrence After Renal Transplantation
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Gabriella Moroni, Mirco Belingheri, Giulia Frontini, Francesco Tamborini, and Piergiorgio Messa
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IgA nephropathy ,kidney transplant ,proteinuria ,humans ,glomerulonephritis IgA ,prognosis ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide. The disease generally runs an indolent course but may lead to ESRD in 20–30% of patients in 20 years or more after diagnosis. Patients with IgA nephropathy are ideal candidates for renal transplant because they are generally relatively young and with few comorbidities. Their graft survival is better or comparable to that of controls at 10 years, though few data are available after 10 years of follow-up. Recurrence of the original disease in the graft is a well-known complication of transplant in IgAN and is a significant cause of deterioration of graft function. Recurrent IgAN rarely manifests clinically before 3 years post transplantation. Recurrence rate is estimated to be around 30% with considerable differences among different series. Despite these factors there is no certain recurrence predictor, young age at renal transplant, rapid progression of the original disease and higher levels of circulating galactose-deficient IgA1 and IgA-IgG immune complexes are all associated with a higher rate of recurrence. Which pathogenetic mechanisms are responsible for the progression of the recurrence to graft function deterioration, and what therapy can prevent or slow down the progression of the disease in the graft, are open questions. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical outcome of renal transplantation in IgA patients with attention to the rate and the predictors of recurrence and to discuss the available therapeutic options for the management of recurrence.
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- 2019
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12. Modulation of Allergic Reactivity in Humans Is Dependent on Schistosoma mansoni Parasite Burden, Low Levels of IL-33 or TNF-α and High Levels of IL-10 in Serum
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Samira D. Resende, Fernanda C. Magalhães, Jailza L. Rodrigues-Oliveira, Vanessa N. Castro, Carolina S. A. Souza, Edward J. Oliveira, Mariângela Carneiro, Stefan M. Geiger, and Deborah A. Negrão-Corrêa
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Schistosoma mansoni ,low parasite burden ,humans ,IgE-reactivity ,household dust allergen ,immunoregulation ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Helminth infections and allergies are characterized by a predominant type-2 immune response. In schistosomiasis, the Th-2 response is usually accompanied by induction of immunoregulatory mechanisms that contribute to worm survival and less severe schistosomiasis. Although helminth-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms seem to affect atopy, epidemiological studies on the relationship between helminths and allergy have been inconsistent, and data suggest that the modulatory effects may be influenced by helminth species, chronicity of infection, and parasite burden. Here we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the effects of Schistosoma mansoni parasite burden and immune response on allergic reactivity of individuals living in a schistosomiasis endemic area in Brazil. Fecal samples from the participants were collected for extensive parasitological examinations by spontaneous sedimentation, Kato-Katz, Helmintex and Saline Gradient tests and molecular detection of S. mansoni by qPCR. Additionally, the concentrations of cytokines and chemokines, total IgE and IgE-reactivity to common house dust allergens were quantified from serum samples. IgE reactivity to dust allergens was detected in 47 individuals (23.8%), and 140 individuals (54.4%) were diagnosed with S. mansoni infection. Most of the infected population (108 individuals) presented very low parasite burden (≤12 eggs/g of feces). The frequency and intensity (p ≤ 0.03) of allergic reactivity were lower in S. mansoni-infected compared with non-infected individuals. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted by age revealed that allergic reactivity was positively associated with low IL-10 response (OR, 4.55, 95% CI, 0.56–7.36) and high concentration of the inflammatory mediators IL-33 (OR, 2.70, 95% CI, 1.02–7.15) or TNF-α (OR, 6.88, 95% CI, 0.32–143.39) in serum, and inversely associated with S. mansoni infection (OR, 0.38, 95% CI, 0.16–0.87). Most importantly, the logistic regression demonstrated that the modulatory effects of Schistosoma infection depend on parasite burden, with individuals infected with ≤12 eggs/g of feces showing allergic IgE-reactivity similar to non-infected individuals Altogether, our data show that immunomodulation of allergic reactivity depends on S. mansoni burden, low type-2 inflammatory response, and high level of IL-10.
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- 2019
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13. Systemic Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Individuals With Schistosoma mansoni Infection and Low Parasite Burden
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Vanessa N. Castro, Jailza L. Rodrigues, Diogo T. Cardoso, Samira D. Resende, Fernanda C. Magalhães, Dayane C. Souza, Maira H. Requeijo, Deborah Negrão-Corrêa, and Stefan M. Geiger
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Schistosoma mansoni ,humans ,low parasite load ,immunological markers ,CCL17 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Intestinal schistosomiasis, caused by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni, is a chronic disease and the prolonged and continuous exposure to S. mansoni antigens results in a deviation of the host's immune response. For diagnosis, the Kato-Katz (KK) method is recommended, however, this method showed low accuracy in areas of low endemicity. This study aimed to characterize the cytokine and chemokine profile of individuals with an extremely low parasite load (
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- 2018
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14. Long-Lived Plasma Cells in Mice and Men
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Siggeir F. Brynjolfsson, Linn Persson Berg, Teresa Olsen Ekerhult, Inga Rimkute, Mary-Jo Wick, Inga-Lill Mårtensson, and Ola Grimsholm
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long-lived plasma cells ,B-cells ,germinal centers ,mice ,humans ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Even though more than 30 years have passed since the eradication of smallpox, high titers of smallpox-specific antibodies are still detected in the blood of subjects vaccinated in childhood. In fact, smallpox-specific antibody levels are maintained in serum for more than 70 years. The generation of life-long immunity against infectious diseases such as smallpox and measles has been thoroughly documented. Although the mechanisms behind high persisting antibody titers in the absence of the causative agent are still unclear, long lived plasma cells (LLPCs) play an important role. Most of the current knowledge on LLPCs is based on experiments performed in mouse models, although the amount of data derived from human studies is increasing. As the results from mouse models are often directly extrapolated to humans, it is important to keep in mind that there are differences. These are not only the obvious such as the life span but there are also anatomical differences, for instance the adiposity of the bone marrow (BM) where LLPCs reside. Whether these differences have an effect on the function of the immune system, and in particular on LLPCs, are still unknown. In this review, we will briefly discuss current knowledge of LLPCs, comparing mice and humans.
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- 2018
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15. Exosomes Secreted from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Are a Potential Treatment Agent for Immune-Mediated Alopecia
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Yanqiao Li, Guangxing Wang, Qian Wang, Yun Zhang, Lei Cui, and Xin Huang
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Male ,Article Subject ,Immunology ,Exosomes ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Mice ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Wnt Signaling Pathway ,Cells, Cultured ,integumentary system ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Alopecia ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Rats ,Biological Therapy ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,MicroRNAs ,Adipose Tissue ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Hair ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Background. Alopecia has become an exceedingly prevalent dermatological disorder. Etiologically, infection (bacterial and fungal infection), inflammation, and immune dysregulation are the main causes of immune-mediated hair loss. Treating hair loss has remained challenging as the available therapies are limited. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-Exos) have been used for treating neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune diseases and in wound-healing treatments. However, the function and mechanism of ADSC-Exos in alopecia treatment remain unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of ADSC-Exos on hair growth in vitro and in vivo for potentially treating immune-mediated alopecia and further exploring the underlying mechanism. Methods. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) that were treated with ADSC-Exos were detected using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, scratch wound-healing assay, and flow cytometry assay, respectively. A C57BL/6 hair-depilated mouse model was established in vivo; then, ADSC-Exos were subcutaneously injected alone or in combined with minoxidil. The effects of ADSC-Exos on hair growth, pathological changes, and the related mechanism were investigated by HE staining, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Results. ADSC-Exos significantly promoted DPC proliferation and migration while also reducing apoptosis. In addition, compared with the control group, ADSC-Exos-treated mice had better hair growth, more hair follicles (HFs) and thicker dermis. RNA-seq revealed that the miR-22 and TNF-α signaling pathways were markedly downregulated in DPCs after ADSC-Exos treatment. In addition, according to qRT-PCR and western blotting results, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated in the skin of ADSC-Exos-treated mice. Conclusion. ADSC-Exos therapy positively affected the promotion of hair regrowth by regulating miR-22, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and the TNF-α signaling pathway, implying that ADSC-Exos could be a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated alopecia.
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- 2022
16. Differential Circulating Fungal Microbiome in Prostate Cancer Patients Compared to Healthy Control Individuals
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Xu Wang, Zejun Zhou, David Turner, Michael Lilly, Tongwen Ou, and Wei Jiang
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Male ,Article Subject ,Phoma ,Microbiota ,Immunology ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Middle Aged ,Prostate-Specific Antigen ,Healthy Volunteers ,Bipolaris ,Cryptococcus ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging - Abstract
Backgrounds. Infection and inflammation play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) etiology and pathogenesis. However, the environmental drivers for PCa are not fully understood. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed circulating fungal microbiome in plasma samples from age and race-matched healthy control men ( n = 34 ) and preoperative PCa patients ( n = 31 ). Results. The fungal community in the plasma exhibited differences between individuals with PCa and healthy controls according to the beta diversity; there was no difference in the alpha diversity. Moreover, the relative abundance of several fungi differed between the two study groups from the class to species levels. The most significant differences were Filobasidiales family, Pyronemataceae family, and Cryptococcus ater species, which were enriched in PCa patients compared to controls. The increased Bipolaris genus was associated with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, increased Sordariomycetes class was associated with severe pathological stage, and decreased Phoma herbarum species was associated with disease relapse, compared to corresponding controls. Several fungi from class to species levels were increased in the controls compared to patients. Conclusion. This is the first study to show plasma distinct fungal microbiome and its associations with PSA levels, relapse, and pathology stages in PCa patients.
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- 2022
17. lncRNA BZRAP1‐AS1 alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by regulating miR‐1286/COL5A2 axis
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Junsong Zhu, Qunwei Qu, and Shaoheng Tu
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rheumatoid arthritis ,proliferation ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,Disease ,Biology ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Immune system ,lncRNA ,Western blot ,microRNA ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,miRNA ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,apoptosis ,Cancer ,Original Articles ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,MicroRNAs ,Apoptosis ,inflammation ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Cancer research ,RNA, Long Noncoding ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Collagen Type V - Abstract
Background Dysregulation of BZRAP1‐AS1 was associated with immune statuses of cancer or Alzheimer's disease patients, yet little is known about its role in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods RT‐qPCR and western blot were applied to assess the expression of indicated expression. CCK‐8 and BrdU proliferation assays were used to measure the proliferation of RA‐HFLS. Apoptosis in RA‐HFLS was evidenced by the alteration of caspase‐3 activity and apoptosis‐related factors. ELISA was performed to detect IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α level. Luciferase reporter, RIP, and pull‐down assays were used to confirm the BZRAP1‐AS1/miR‐1286/COL5A2 cascade predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Results BZRAP1‐AS1 and COL5A2 were downregulated in RA tissues and RA‐HFLS while miR‐1286 was amplified. Overexpression of BZRAP1‐AS1 reduced the RA‐HFLS proliferation, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α level and induced cell apoptosis while BZRAP1‐AS1 silence produced an opposite effect. Overexpression of BZRAP1‐AS1 reduced the miR‐1286 expression which in turn increased the COL5A2 expression, thereby relieving the excessive proliferation and limited apoptosis in RA‐HFLS. Conclusion Our findings suggested that BZRAP1‐AS1 sequestered miR‐1286 and reshaped the COL5A2 expression, thereby suppressed RA‐HFLS proliferation and inflammation, and triggered cell apoptosis, resulting in the attenuation of RA progression.
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- 2022
18. Clinical outcomes after IL-6 blockade in patients with COVID-19 and HIV: a case series
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Samuel J, Minkove, Grant, Geiger, Josep M, Llibre, Mary W, Montgomery, Natalie E, West, Natasha M, Chida, Annukka A R, Antar, Dima, Dandachi, Ethel D, Weld, and Maraya, Camazine
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Hospitalization ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Virology ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,HIV Infections ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Receptors, Interleukin-6 ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment - Abstract
Background In hospitalized people with HIV (PWH) there is an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 among hospitalized PWH as compared to HIV-negative individuals. Evidence suggests that tocilizumab—a humanized monoclonal interleukin (IL)-6 receptor inhibitor (IL-6ri) antibody—has a modest mortality benefit when combined with corticosteroids in select hospitalized COVID-19 patients who are severely ill. Data on clinical outcomes after tocilizumab use in PWH with severe COVID-19 are lacking. Case presentation We present a multinational case series of 18 PWH with COVID-19 who were treated with IL-6ri’s during the period from April to June 2020. Four patients received tocilizumab, six sarilumab, and eight received an undocumented IL-6ri. Of the 18 patients in the series, 4 (22%) had CD4 counts 3; 14 (82%) had a suppressed HIV viral load. Eight patients (44%), all admitted to ICU, were treated for secondary infection; 5 had a confirmed organism. Of the four patients with CD4 counts 3, three were treated for secondary infection, with 2 confirmed organisms. Overall outcomes were poor—12 patients (67%) were admitted to the ICU, 11 (61%) required mechanical ventilation, and 7 (39%) died. Conclusions In this case series of hospitalized PWH with COVID-19 and given IL-6ri prior to the common use of corticosteroids, there are reports of secondary or co-infection in severely ill patients. Comprehensive studies in PWH, particularly with CD4 counts
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- 2022
19. Comparative clinical characteristics among different age group of adult COVID‐19 patients: A multicenter study
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Qing-cui Shuang, Xin Liao, Shan Cai, Mingyan Jiang, Dingding Deng, Xudong Xiang, Wenlong Liu, Ling Lin, Yating Peng, Xucai Liao, Aiyuan Zhou, Ping Chen, Wei Cheng, and Peng Huang
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Respiratory rate ,Immunology ,Disease ,COVID‐19 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Infectious disease (athletes) ,Aged ,Medical treatment ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,critical ,severe ,COVID-19 ,Odds ratio ,Original Articles ,RC581-607 ,Confidence interval ,Hospitalization ,Multicenter study ,age ,Original Article ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business - Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is a global infectious disease with a large burden of illness and high health care costs. This study aimed to compare clinical features among adult COVID‐19 patients in different age groups. Methods Laboratory‐confirmed adult COVID‐19 infection cases between December 31, 2019 to March 8, 2020 obtained from Neighboring Cities. Patients were divided into five age groups. Clinical characteristics were compared among different age groups. Results Of 299 cases, median age was 44 and 158 (53%) were male. A total of 53.3% of 30–40 years, 50% of 40–50 years, 36.6% of, Graphical abstract This study aimed to compare clinical features among adult COVID‐19 patients in different age groups. Among all the observed symptoms, only symptom of dyspnea was significantly different between the elderly group and other groups. Old age, high heart rate on admission, high respiratory rate on admission, and history of chronic heart disease were independently associated with severe or critical.
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- 2022
20. Expression and existence forms of mast cell activating molecules and their antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
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Meijuan Cai, Shuzhen Zhu, Lijun Song, Qian Wang, Tengkai Wang, and Yuping Wang
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FcεRIα ,Immunology ,SLE ,Immunoglobulin E ,Chinese hamster ,Pathogenesis ,Humans ,Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Mast Cells ,Anti‐IgE ,Anti‐FcεRI ,Anaphylaxis ,biology ,business.industry ,Original Articles ,Transfection ,RC581-607 ,biology.organism_classification ,Mast cell ,medicine.disease ,Basophils ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,IgE ,Antibody ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,Nephelometry - Abstract
Introduction Mast cells are regarded as a kind of classical anaphylaxis cells. However autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions have many similarities or overlaps. A large number of papers have proved that mast cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is speculated that IgE, anti‐IgE antibodies, FcεRI, and anti‐FcεRI antibodies activate mast cells through autoimmune pathways and participate in the disease process of SLE. Naturally occurring protein molecules not only exist in monomer form, but also in polymer of protein molecules. Therefore, whether IgE, FcεRIα, anti‐IgE antibodies, and anti‐FcεRI antibodies also exist in polymeric forms in the natural state is worthy of further investigation. Methods The serum samples and clinical data of 131 patients with SLE were collected from Qilu Hospital (Qingdao). Sixty healthy individuals were collected as the control group. Serum FcεRIα, anti‐IgE, and anti‐FcεRI were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum IgE was detected by rate scatter nephelometry. A Chinese hamster ovarian cancer cell line CHO3D10 transfected with human FcεRIα was cultured and the cell protein extract was prepared. The existence forms of FcεRIα in the cell protein extract were detected by the native‐page method. Results The serum FcεRIα in SLE patients was significantly higher than that in control group (3.52 [2.18, 4.71] µg/ml and 1.87 [1.52, 2.33] µg/ml, respectively; p, First, as autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions have many similarities or overlaps, we compared the differences in serum IgE, FcεRIα, anti‐IgE, and anti‐FcεRI levels of systemic lupus erythematosus group and healthy control group for the first time. The serum FcεRIα in SLE patients is significantly higher than that in the control group and anti‐IgE is significantly lower than that in the control group, which provides a new reference basis for the understanding and further discussion of the inflammatory mechanism of the disease. Second, this study has revealed that the FcεRIα has one kind of monomer and two kinds of polymers in the degeneration conditions, which is worthy of further investigation.
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- 2022
21. A randomized controlled clinical trial on efficacy and safety of anakinra in patients with severe COVID‐19
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Masoomeh Raoufi, Mehran Kouchek, Fahimeh Hadavand, Mohammad Sistanizad, Shayesteh Khalili, Amirhossein Karagah, Seyedpouzhia Shojaei, Mahmood Nabavi, Alireza Manafi-Rasi, Mir Mohammad Miri, Saemeh Asgari, Mehrdad Haghighi, Simin Dokht Shoaei, Sara Salarian, Omid Moradi, Shahram Araghi, Morteza Jaffaraghaei, Amir Behnam Kharazmi, and Setayesh Sadeghi
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,coronavirus ,law.invention ,Pharmacotherapy ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,COVID‐19 ,Intensive care ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Aged ,Mechanical ventilation ,Anakinra ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Original Articles ,Middle Aged ,acute respiratory distress syndrome ,RC581-607 ,Respiration, Artificial ,mortality ,Clinical trial ,Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ,Treatment Outcome ,Sample size determination ,inflammation ,Female ,Original Article ,interleukin‐1 inhibitor ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,medicine.drug ,anakinra - Abstract
Introduction Hyperinflammatory state has a role in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. Anakinra could reduce inflammation and help to combat the condition. In this study, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of anakinra (PerkinRA®) in severe COVID‐19. Method The study was an open‐label, randomized, controlled trial conducted in Imam Hossein Medical Center from May to July 2020. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 were included in this study. We administered anakinra 100 mg daily intravenously. All patients received COVID‐19 pharmacotherapy based on the represented national guideline. The need for invasive mechanical ventilation is considered the primary outcome. Results Thirty patients were included in this study, and 15 of them received Anakinra. Nineteen patients were male (63.3%), and 11 were female (36.7%). The mean age of patients was 55.77 ± 15.89 years. In the intervention group, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly reduced compared to the control group (20.0% vs. 66.7%, p = .010). Also, these patients had a significantly lower length of hospital stay (p = .043). No significant higher rate of infection was recorded. Conclusion Anakinra as an immunomodulatory agent has been associated with the reduced need for mechanical ventilation in patients admitted to intensive care units because of severe COVID‐19. The medication reduced the hospital length of stay. Furthermore, no increased risk of infection was observed. Further randomized placebo‐controlled trials with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings., Anakinra administration significantly reduces the need for mechanical ventilation. No increased risk of infection was observed because of anakinra use. Reduced hospitalization duration observed in patients who received anakinra.
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- 2022
22. Cutaneous reactions to COVID‐19 vaccine at the dermatology primary care
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Astrid Herzum, Emanuele Cozzani, Martina Burlando, Claudia Micalizzi, and Aurora Parodi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Exacerbation ,coronavirus vaccine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Large population ,Short Report ,vaccine allergy ,Primary care ,Dermatology ,COVID‐19 skin ,COVID‐19 vaccination reaction ,COVID‐19 urticaria ,Short Reports ,COVID-19 skin ,COVID-19 urticaria ,COVID-19 vaccination reaction ,COVID-19 vaccine rash ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,media_common ,Retrospective Studies ,COVID‐19 vaccine rash ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,COVID-19 ,RC581-607 ,Vaccination ,Bullous erythema multiforme ,Worry ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business - Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines can cause adverse reactions, mainly from vaccine‐induced immune responses. Some of these may also involve the skin and worry unaware patients. A better understanding of such adverse reactions may reduce concerns and help promote the vaccination of large population groups. Methods All the reports of patients admitted to our Dermatology Primary Care, from March 2021 to June 2021, were retrospectively examined to collect descriptive data on skin reactions arising after COVID‐19 vaccination. Results Out of 200 vaccinated patients admitted to the Dermatology Primary Care, 21 (10.5%) referred cutaneous reactions with onset after vaccination. Only one patient required hospitalization for generalized bullous erythema multiforme, which occurred 48 h after the second vaccine dose. The other patients' cutaneous reactions to vaccination were of mild/moderate degree. Three patients presented exacerbation of their cutaneous diseases. Conclusions Cutaneous reactions observed in our sample were mostly mild or moderate. Awareness must be raised to recognize and treat eventual severe reactions. Future studies are needed to assess the incidence of cutaneous reactions following COVID‐19 vaccination., Graphical abstract After COVID‐19 vaccination, pruritic rashes were frequently reported reactions at the Dermatology Primary care.
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- 2022
23. Intimate Partner Violence is Associated with Increased CD4+ T-Cell Activation Among HIV-Negative High-Risk Women
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Ameeta Shivdas Kalokhe, Chris C. Ibegbu, Surinder P. Kaur, Rama R. Amara, Mary E. Kelley, Carlos del Rio, and Rob Stephenson
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intimate partner violence ,gender-based violence ,spouse abuse ,CD4-positive T-lymphocytes ,lymphocyte activation ,HIV infections ,risk ,humans ,regulatory T-lymphocytes ,Pathology ,RB1-214 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Background: Biological pathways mediating the link between intimate partner violence (IPV) and increased HIV risk remain unexplored. We hypothesized that IPV-induced stress negatively affects HIV systemic immune defenses and aimed to evaluate whether IPV was associated with immune profiles linked to HIV susceptibility: CD4 activation and diminished regulatory T-cell (Treg) frequency. Methods: Seventy-five HIV-negative high-risk women were surveyed regarding their IPV experience. They provided blood, urine, and (if present) genital ulcer samples for cortisol, immune assays, and STI testing. Using flow cytometry, we assessed activated CD4+ T-cell (%HLA-DR+/CD38+) and Treg (%CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) frequencies and phenotyping. Nonparametric tests evaluated the association between IPV and immune outcomes. Multivariate regression explored confounding and moderation of the IPV-CD4 activation pathway. Results: Lifetime IPV was associated with increased CD4+ activation (r=0.331, P=0.004), a shift in CD4+ phenotype from naïve to effector memory (r=0.343, P=0.003), and a decrease in naive (%HLA-DR+/CD45RA-) Treg frequency (r=-0.337, P=0.003). Experiencing IPV over the past year had similar trends. After controlling for sexual IPV, lifetime physical and psychological abuse remained significantly associated with CD4+ activation (P=0.004 and P=0.033, respectively). After controlling for race (the only covariate linked to activation), the lifetime IPV-CD4 activation association remained significant (P=0.012). Alcohol use and depression were identified as potential pathway moderators. Conclusion: Our data is the first to suggest an immune link between IPV and HIV, and may help explain differences at the individual level in HIV susceptibility and response to biological HIV prevention strategies. The association of psychological and physical abuse with CD4 activation independent of sexual abuse further supports the existence of a stress-induced immune pathway.
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24. Urinary Exosomal Long Noncoding RNA TERC as a Noninvasive Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
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Chen Chen, Anquan Shang, Zujun Sun, Yuting Gao, Jingjuan Huang, Yili Ping, Wenjing Chang, Chenzheng Gu, Junjun Sun, Ping Ji, Yi Yuan, Renquan Lu, and Dong Li
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Male ,Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ,Article Subject ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,Urinary Bladder ,Immunology ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Middle Aged ,Exosomes ,Prognosis ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,RNA, Long Noncoding ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Research Article - Abstract
Purpose. Bladder cancer is one of the most common urological malignancies worldwide, and approximately 90% of bladder cancer cases are histologically typed as bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Exosomes are 30 to 200 nm extracellular vesicles that transport microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), mRNAs, circular RNAs, and proteins across tissues and through circulation. Urinary exosomes may contain genetic information from tumor cells. Herein, we explored the clinical significance of urinary exosomal lncRNA telomerase RNA component (TERC) levels to provide an urgently needed diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for BLCA. Materials and Methods. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing of samples from four BLCA patients and three healthy controls to identify that TERC was differentially expressed in urinary exosomes. We then used quantitative PCR in different types of clinical samples to validate the biomarker and analyzed results using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results. We found that TERC was significantly upregulated in urinary exosomes from BLCA patients compared with those from healthy controls ( P < 0.0001 ). Urinary exosomal TERC showed higher sensitivity (78.65%) and accuracy (77.78%) than existing indicators including nuclear matrix protein-22 and urine cytometry. Using the cut-off value 4.302, the area under the curve for urinary exosomal TERC was 0.836 (95% confidence interval: 0.768–0.891, P < 0.0001 ). Furthermore, this noninvasive assay could distinguish low-grade and high-grade tumors ( P = 0.0153 ). Conclusions. TERC is enriched in urinary exosomes from BLCA patients. Urinary exosomal TERC could become a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for BLCA that allows clinicians to realize noninvasive detection of BLCA.
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- 2022
25. Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 in Murine Antiviral and Autoimmune Antibody Responses
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Aisha M. Mergaert, Michael F. Denny, Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Mandar Bawadekar, S. Janna Bashar, Thomas F. Warner, Marulasiddappa Suresh, and Miriam A. Shelef
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Article Subject ,Hydrolases ,Immunology ,General Medicine ,Adaptive Immunity ,RC581-607 ,Antiviral Agents ,Arthritis, Experimental ,Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies ,Immunity, Innate ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Mice ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 2 ,Antibody Formation ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Citrullination ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Autoantibodies ,Research Article - Abstract
The peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) and the citrullinated proteins that they generate have key roles in innate immunity and rheumatoid arthritis, an inflammatory arthritis with antibodies that target citrullinated proteins. However, the importance of PADs, particularly PAD2, in the adaptive immune response, both normal and pathogenic, is newly emerging. In this study, we evaluated a requirement for PAD2 in the antibody response in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a T and B cell-driven murine model of rheumatoid arthritis, and in the protective antibody response to murine influenza infection. Using PAD2-/- and PAD2+/+ mice on the DBA/1J background, we found that PAD2 is required for maximal anti-collagen antibody levels, but not collagen-specific plasma cell numbers, T cell activation or polarization, or arthritis severity in CIA. Also, we found that PAD2 is required not just for normal levels of persistent hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies but also for full protection from lethal influenza rechallenge. Together, these data provide evidence for a novel modest requirement for PAD2 in a normal antiviral antibody response and in an abnormal autoantibody response in inflammatory arthritis.
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- 2022
26. The Probiotics in Pediatric Asthma Management (PROPAM) Study in the Primary Care Setting: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial with Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS01 (DSM 22775) and Bifidobacterium breve B632 (DSM 24706)
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Lorenzo Drago, Luigi Cioffi, Maria Giuliano, Marco Pane, Angela Amoruso, Irene Schiavetti, Gregor Reid, Giorgio Ciprandi, and null PROPAM Study Group
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Male ,Primary Health Care ,Article Subject ,Probiotics ,Immunology ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Bifidobacterium breve ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Asthma ,Treatment Outcome ,Double-Blind Method ,Italy ,Child, Preschool ,Dysbiosis ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Female ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Child ,Research Article - Abstract
Background. Type-2 inflammation commonly marks asthma in childhood. Also, gut and lung dysbiosis is detectable in patients with asthma. Strain-related probiotic supplementation may restore a physiological immune response, dampen airway inflammation, and repair dysbiosis. Therefore, the probiotics in pediatric asthma management (PROPAM) study is aimed at demonstrating that Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS01 (DSM 22775) and Bifidobacterium breve B632 (DSM 24706) mixture could reduce asthma exacerbations in children, followed in a primary care setting. Methods. The study was randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind. It involved 11 Italian primary care pediatricians. The probiotic mixture (containing Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS01 1 × 10 9 live cells and Bifidobacterium breve B632 1 × 10 9 live cells) or placebo was taken twice daily (1 sachet in the morning and 1 in the evening) for eight weeks and subsequently once daily for a further eight weeks. Outcomes included number, severity, and duration of asthma exacerbations, intensity of maintenance and as need treatments, and safety. Results. The per-protocol population included 422 children (mean age seven years, 240 males and 182 females). The probiotic mixture significantly reduced the number of asthmatic exacerbations ( OR = 3.17 ). In addition, the number of children with two exacerbations was less than a third in the active group ( OR = 3.65 ). Conclusions. This PROPAM study demonstrated that probiotic strains Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS01 (DSM 22775) and Bifidobacterium breve B632 (DSM 24706) were safe and significantly reduced by more than a third the frequency of asthma exacerbations. At present, the first-line treatment of asthma is still drug-based, but specific strains of probiotics may be auxiliary remedies.
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- 2022
27. Macrophage Extracellular Traps: Current Opinions and the State of Research regarding Various Diseases
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Weizhen Weng, Zuoyu Hu, and Yunfeng Pan
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Inflammation ,Neutrophils ,Macrophages ,Immunology ,Review Article ,DNA ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Extracellular Traps ,Immunity, Innate ,Autoimmune Diseases ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy - Abstract
Macrophages are an important component of the human immune system and play a key role in the immune response, which can protect the body against infection and regulate the development of tissue inflammation. Some studies found that macrophages can produce extracellular traps (ETs) under various conditions of stimulation. ETs are web-like structures that consist of proteins and DNA. ETs are thought to immobilize and kill microorganisms, as well as play an important role in tissue damage, inflammatory progression, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, the structure, identification, mechanism, and research progress of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) in related diseases are reviewed.
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- 2022
28. Control of Tumors by Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells through PDL1-Targeted Delivery of Antigenic Peptide
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Po-Hao Feng, Xiaoxu Wang, Louise Ferrall, T.-C. Wu, and Chien-Fu Hung
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Article Subject ,Immunology ,Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ,Antineoplastic Agents ,General Medicine ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,RC581-607 ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Antigens, Neoplasm ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Immune Tolerance ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Peptides ,Research Article ,T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - Abstract
Tumor antigen-specific T cell function is limited by immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells upregulate PD-L1 expression to promote T cell exhaustion by PD-1/PD-L1 interactions and undergo mutations to avoid being targeted by tumor antigen-specific T cells. Thus, tumor cells escape the immune surveillance by causing immune tolerance. We reason that a chimeric molecule made of a PD-L1-specific antibody linked to a cleavable antigenic peptide can target the antigenic peptide to the tumor microenvironment, resulting in the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and killing tumor cells through the coating of antigenic peptide. Here, we have generated a therapeutic chimeric protein containing the PD-L1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) linked to a cleavable model cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope: E7 CTL peptide. Our study demonstrated that our chimeric protein (named PDL1-scFv-Fc-RE7) can target PD-L1-expressing tumor cells and enable E7 presentation by releasing cleavable E7 CTL peptide to coat tumor cells, resulting in tumor clearance by E7-specific CD8+ T cells. The presentation of the E7 peptide by cancer cells can then render tumor cells susceptible to the killing of preexisting E7-specific CD8+ T cells and contribute to tumor clearance. Our finding suggests a synergistic approach to not only enhance antigen-specific tumor clearance but also bypass immune tolerance.
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- 2022
29. Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis of KLRB1 with Prognostic Value and Immunological Activity across Human Tumors
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Xin Cheng, Yucheng Cao, Xiaowei Wang, Lin Cheng, Yaqiong Liu, Jun Lei, Weijun Peng, and Dazun Shi
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Article Subject ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Immunology ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Prognosis ,Killer Cells, Natural ,Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ,Neoplasms ,Mutation ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Immunotherapy ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Research Article ,NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
Introduction. KLRB1 is a gene encoding CD161 expressed in NK cells and some T cell subsets. At present, KLRB1 is believed to affect tumorigenesis and development by regulating the cytotoxicity of NK cells in several cancers. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews of KLRB1 in a variety of malignancies. Objectives. Hence, our research is aimed at providing a relatively comprehensive understanding of the role of KLRB1 in different types of cancer, paving the way for further research on the molecular mechanism and immunotherapy potential of KLRB1. Methods. In this study, we used relevant public databases, including TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia), GTEx (Genotype Tissue-Expression), and HPA (Human Protein Atlas), to perform a pan-cancer analysis of KLRB1 across 33 types of cancer. We explored the potential molecular mechanism of KLRB1 in clinical prognosis and tumor immunity from the aspects of gene expression, survival status, clinical phenotype, immune infiltration, immunotherapy response, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Results. KLRB1 was downregulated in 13 cancers while upregulated in kidney cancer. Patients with high expression of KLRB1 have a better prognosis in most types of cancer. Moreover, the KLRB1 expression level is related to TMB and MSI and related to various immune signatures of tumor. The expression of KLRB1 can affect tumor immune cell infiltration. KLRB1 expression level can also affect the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. Conclusions. KLRB1 may be a prognostic and immunological biomarker across tumors. At the same time, KLRB1 expression can reflect the sensitivity of cancer patients to chemotherapy drugs. KLRB1 may become a new target for immunotherapy.
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- 2022
30. The A118G single-nucleotide polymorphism in OPRM1 is a risk factor for asthma severity
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Kazuyoshi Kawakami, Kaori Kawakami, Hirohito Metoki, Julie A. Blendy, Kohei Yamauchi, Motoaki Takayanagi, Ichiro Sora, Tomoko Takahashi, Isao Ohno, Tasuku Kawano, Yutaka Nakamura, Miki Sato, Tomomitsu Miyasaka, Satoshi Miyata, and Hiroaki Shimokawa
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Adult ,Male ,OPRM1 ,T cell ,Population ,Receptors, Opioid, mu ,Allergic asthma ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Severity of Illness Index ,Mice ,Th2 Cells ,Risk Factors ,Genotype ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,SNP ,Polymorphism ,education ,A118G ,Asthma ,education.field_of_study ,Th2 cell differentiation ,business.industry ,Cell Differentiation ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,RC581-607 ,Eosinophil ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Female ,Methacholine ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Although population studies have implicated emotional burden in asthma severity, the underlying genetic risk factors are not completely understood. We aimed to evaluate the genetic influence of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the stress-related μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1; A118G SNP, rs1799971) on asthma severity. Methods We initially assessed disease severity in asthmatic outpatients carrying A118G. Using an ovalbumin-induced experimental asthma rodent model harboring the functionally equivalent SNP, we investigated the mechanism by which this SNP influences the allergic immune response. Results Among 292 outpatients, 168 underwent airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine testing. Compared with patients carrying the AA and AG genotypes, those carrying the GG genotype exhibited enhanced AHR. The stress levels were presumed to be moderate among patients and were comparable among genotypes. Compared with Oprm1 AA mice, GG mice demonstrated aggravated asthma-related features and increased pulmonary interleukin-4+CD4+ effector and effector memory T cells under everyday life stress conditions. Intraperitoneal naloxone methiodide injection reduced effector CD4+ T cell elevation associated with increased eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of GG mice to the levels in AA mice, suggesting that elevated Th2 cell generation in the bronchial lymph node (BLN) of GG mice induces enhanced eosinophilic inflammation. Conclusions Without forced stress exposure, patients with asthma carrying the OPRM1 GG genotype exhibit enhanced AHR, attributable to enhanced Th2 cell differentiation in the regional lymph node. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of the OPRM1 A118G genotype in the Th2 cell differentiation pathway in the BLN.
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- 2022
31. Skin barrier defects in atopic dermatitis: From old idea to new opportunity
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Takeshi Yoshida, Lisa A. Beck, and Anna De Benedetto
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integumentary system ,Type 2 inflammation ,General Medicine ,Stratum corneum ,RC581-607 ,Severity of Illness Index ,Skin barrier ,Dermatitis, Atopic ,Disease Progression ,Quality of Life ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Epidermis ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Tight junctions ,Atopic dermatitis - Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic skin inflammatory disease, with a profound impact on patients' quality of life. AD varies considerably in clinical course, age of onset and degree to which it is accompanied by allergic and non-allergic comorbidities. Skin barrier impairment in both lesional and nonlesional skin is now recognized as a critical and often early feature of AD. This may be explained by a number of abnormalities identified within both the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum layers of the epidermis. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of key barrier defects in AD, starting with a historical perspective. We will also highlight some of the commonly used methods to characterize and quantify skin barrier function. There is ample opportunity for further investigative work which we call out throughout this review. These include: quantifying the relative impact of individual epidermal abnormalities and putting this in a more holistic view with physiological measures of barrier function, as well as determining whether these barrier-specific endotypes predict clinical phenotypes (e.g. age of onset, natural history, comorbidities, response to therapies, etc). Mechanistic studies with new (and in development) AD therapies that specifically target immune pathways, Staphylococcus aureus abundance and/or skin barrier will help us understand the dynamic crosstalk between these compartments and their relative importance in AD.
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- 2022
32. Prevalence of inhaled allergen-specific IgE antibody positivity in the healthy Japanese population
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Jun Tanaka, Yuma Fukutomi, Yoshiki Shiraishi, Koichiro Asano, Asako Kitahara, Tadashi Nagai, Tsuyoshi Oguma, Yuto Hamada, Masami Taniguchi, and Kentaro Watai
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Immunoglobulin E ,Sensitization ,Allergic sensitization ,Atopy ,Allergen ,Japan ,Specific IgE antibodies ,Prevalence ,Respiratory Hypersensitivity ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Inhaled allergen ,Healthy population ,Asthma ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Allergens ,Middle Aged ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Pollen ,Female ,Antibody ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business - Abstract
Background Measurement of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to inhaled allergens is important for the diagnosis and risk evaluation of allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of allergen sensitization among the healthy population in Japan using serum samples stocked in the Japanese Red Cross for blood donation. Methods Age- and gender-stratified serum samples (n = 800) from residents in Tokyo aged 20–59 years were randomly selected from the stocked serum obtained for blood donation in 2005. Total and specific IgE antibodies to 17 inhaled allergens were measured by the ImmunoCAP method. Individuals with positive (≥0.35 UA/mL) specific IgE antibodies to at least one inhaled allergen were defined as atopic. Stocked serums from donors aged 20–29 years in Sapporo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and Okinawa (n = 200 each) were also obtained for the measurement of IgE to six common inhaled allergens, to evaluate regional differences in the rate of positivity. Results Among residents in Tokyo, the prevalence of atopy was 78.0% and highest in men aged 20–29 years (94.0%), which decreased with age. The prevalence of specific IgE antibodies was highest for Japanese cedar pollen (66.8%), followed by cypress pollen (46.8%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (38.3%), and moths (30.1%). Examination of IgE to Japanese cedar pollen, D. pteronyssinus, and moths identified 97.6% of atopic subjects in Tokyo. There were substantial regional differences in the prevalence of pollen IgE positivity. Conclusions This study demonstrated an extremely high prevalence of positivity in inhaled allergen-specific IgE antibodies among healthy adults in Japan.
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- 2022
33. Adult allergic rhinitis sufferers have unique nasal mucosal and peripheral blood immune gene expression profiles: A case–control study
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Allan W. Cripps, Nicholas P. West, Annabelle M. Watts, Amanda J. Cox, and Peter K. Smith
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Chemokine ,Allergy ,Immunology ,Mucous membrane of nose ,Immunoglobulin E ,Immune system ,rhinitis ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,CCL17 ,mucosa ,Innate immune system ,biology ,business.industry ,Original Articles ,Eosinophil ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,Rhinitis, Allergic ,Nasal Mucosa ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Case-Control Studies ,biology.protein ,gene expression ,Original Article ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Transcriptome ,business ,epithelium - Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a complex disease involving both mucosal and systemic immune compartments. Greater understanding of the immune networks underpinning AR pathophysiology may assist with further refining disease‐specific biomarkers. Objective To compare immune gene expression profiles in nasal mucosa and peripheral blood samples between adults with AR and controls without AR. Methods This cross‐sectional study included 45 adults with moderate‐severe and persistent AR (37.6 ± 12.8 years; mean ± SD) and 24 adults without AR (36.6 ± 10.2). Gene expression analysis was performed using the NanoString nCounter PanCancer Immune profiling panel (n = 730 immune genes) in combination with the panel plus probe set (n = 30 allergy‐related genes) with purified RNA from peripheral blood and cell lysates prepared from combined nasal lavage and nasal brushing. Results One hundred and thirteen genes were significantly differentially expressed in peripheral blood samples between groups (p, A series of genes were differentially expressed in both peripheral blood and nasal mucosal samples from adults with moderate‐severe persistent allergic rhinitis compared with adults without a history of allergic rhinitis.
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- 2022
34. Laboratory management for large‐scale population screening for SARS‐CoV‐2
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Zhihua Tao, Shu Zhang, Jiamin Xie, Dingfeng Lv, Xiaosi Li, Lin Wang, Xiuzhi Duan, Yanchao Liu, Chunqiang Gu, Qiang Yao, Weiwei Liu, and Xiang Chen
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mass screening ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,Nucleic Acid Testing ,SARS‐CoV‐2 ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Mass screening ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Laboratory management ,business.industry ,nucleic acid detection ,COVID-19 ,Nucleic acid test ,Original Articles ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,laboratory management ,Scale (social sciences) ,Original Article ,Medical team ,Population screening ,Medical emergency ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Laboratories ,business - Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the improvements in laboratory testing procedures and the quality and safety management for large‐scale population screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Methods Because of epidemic prevention and control needs in Hebei Province, on January 7, 2021, the Health Commission of Zhejiang Province sent a medical team to Hebei Province, to carry out SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid testing. Screening for the SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid test was performed using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Practical tests and repeated process optimization were adopted to explore the optimal solution for improving laboratory testing procedures and the quality of and safety management for large‐scale population screening for SARS‐CoV‐2. Results The Zhejiang medical team completed 250,000 pooled SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid samples in 24 days in Shijiazhuang, with a peak daily testing capacity of 40,246 samples testing. There were no false‐negative or false‐positive results, and no laboratory personnel was infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Significant achievements have been made in SARS‐CoV‐2 prevention and control. Conclusions This report summarizes the effort of the medical team regarding their management of the quality and safety of laboratory tests and proposes corresponding empirical recommendations to provide a reference for future large‐scale population screening SARS‐CoV‐2., The Health Commission of Zhejiang Province of china sent a medical team to Hebei Province, to carry out SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid testing. The Zhejiang medical team completed 250,000 pooled more than two million peoples' SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid samples in 24 days in Shijiazhuang, with a peak daily testing volume of 40,246 pooled samples using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). There were no false‐negative or false‐positive results, and no laboratory personnel was infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Layout recommendations for temporary laboratories for large‐scale nucleic acid screening operation process and experience sharing of each link of nucleic acid detection.
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- 2022
35. Seroconversion rates following 2 doses of measles- mumps- rubella vaccination given at the ages 12 and 18 months: data for possible additional dose at older age
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Hana Saffar, Sayed Jaber Mousavi, Hiva Saffar, Mohammad-Reza Parsaei, Gholam-Reza Ghorbani, and Mohammad Jafar Saffar
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Elimination ,Research ,Immunology ,Vaccination ,Infant ,Iran ,RC581-607 ,Antibodies, Viral ,MMR ,Primary vaccine failure ,Seroconversion ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Child ,Mumps ,Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ,Seroconversion rate ,Rubella ,Aged ,Measles - Abstract
BackgroundDespite high rate of vaccination coverage with 2-doses of measles containing vaccine among Iranian children, outbreaks of measles occurred among different age groups and fully vaccinated subjects. Although the main reason for these outbreaks is unknown, however, vaccine failure was supposed to be an important cause. This study was designed to determine the seroconversion rates to measles- mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccine currently in use among Iranian children.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted among healthy children older than 12 months who were candidates of scheduled MMR vaccination. Blood samples were obtained from each mother- infant pair just before vaccination, and from infants 4–6 weeks after MMR1and MMR2immunization. Collected sera were tested for specific lgG antibodies against MMR agents using ELISA method. The proportion of seroprotected subjects among mother- infant pairs before vaccination as well as the prevalence rates of seroconversion after MMR1and MMR2vaccination were calculated. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.ResultsDuring 22-months study period, 92 mother- infant pairs were participated. Seroimmunity rates against MMR viruses were 85.8%, 84.7% and 86.9% for mothers, and 3.2%, 2.1% and 1.0% for children, respectively. After MMR1vaccination from 52 seronegative children, 80.7%, 78.8% and 75% were seroconverted. These rates increased to 94.8%, 89.7% and 94.8% after the MMR2vaccination. Also, the specific immunity was enhanced among seropositive children.ConclusionMajority of the mothers and few infants were immune to MMR viruses prior to MMR1vaccination. Immune responses detected after MMR1injection, and overall seroconversion rates achieved after 2-doses of MMR vaccination were less than expected and inadequate to preserve long-term protection against MMR agents.
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- 2022
36. STAT3 and SPI1, may lead to the immune system dysregulation and heterotopic ossification in ankylosing spondylitis
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Liang, Tuo, Chen, Jiarui, Xu, GuoYong, Zhang, Zide, Xue, Jiang, Zeng, Haopeng, Jiang, Jie, Chen, Tianyou, Qin, Zhaojie, Li, Hao, Ye, Zhen, Nie, Yunfeng, Zhan, Xinli, and Liu, Chong
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STAT3 Transcription Factor ,Research ,Ossification, Heterotopic ,Immunology ,RC581-607 ,STAT3 ,NKT cells ,Th1 cells ,Immune System ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,SPI1 ,Trans-Activators ,Humans ,Spondylitis, Ankylosing ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,HLA-B27 Antigen ,Biomarkers ,Ankylosing spondylitis - Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to identify the biomarkers for diagnosis and reveal the immune microenvironment changes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods GSE73754 was downloaded for the co-expression network construction and immune cell analyses. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the potential biological characteristic between different phenotypes. Pearson correlation analysis between the hub genes and the xCell score of immune cell types was performed. Results Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) was identified as the hub genes in the datasets GSE73754. And the t-test showed that the expression level of STAT3 and SPI1 in the GSE73754 was significantly higher in AS and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27(+) groups. Flow cytometric analysis showed that natural killer T cells (NKT) cells were upregulated, while Th1 cells were down-regulated in AS, which was consistent with the results obtained from bioinformatics analysis. STAT3 and SPI1 was correlated with the NKT cells and Th1 cells. Conclusion STAT3 and SPI1 may be a key cytokine receptor in disease progression in AS.
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- 2022
37. Diagnostic utility of the basophil activation test in natto-induced hypersensitivity
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Shinichi Takahashi, Michiyoshi Kouno, Sakiko Takeuchi, Chihiro Shiiya, Hisato Iriki, Takeshi Ouchi, Masayuki Amagai, Akiko Tanikawa, Hayato Takahashi, Fumiyo Yasuda-Sekiguchi, Risa Fukuda, and Yasuhiko Asahina
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Male ,Urticaria ,Basophil activation test ,Basophil Degranulation Test ,Basophil ,Incubation period ,Poly γ-glutamic acid ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Symptom onset ,Pyrophosphatases ,Patient group ,Anaphylaxis ,Incubation ,Chronic urticaria ,Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ,business.industry ,Soy Foods ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,Basophil activation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,Female ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,Food Hypersensitivity ,Natto-induced hypersensitivity - Abstract
Background Natto (fermented soybeans)-induced hypersensitivity is characterized by delayed symptom onset that hampers diagnosis. We aimed to clarify the clinical utility of the basophil activation test (BAT) in the diagnosis of natto-induced hypersensitivity. Methods Five patients with a history of anaphylaxis and chronic urticaria suspected of natto-induced hypersensitivity and seven with chronic spontaneous urticaria clinically unrelated to natto were enrolled in the patient and control groups, respectively. The BAT was performed with two incubation times, 15 min and 1 h, in combination with various concentrations of natto-mucilage extract. Results In controls, CD203c levels in basophils remained low in the 15-min incubation but were significantly increased in the 1-h incubation. In the patient group, in the 15-min condition, basophil CD203c was significantly upregulated by natto mucilage but not by soybean vs controls (P = 0.001). Low concentrations of natto mucilage were sufficient to upregulate basophil CD203c in the anaphylaxis cases, but high concentrations were required to induce the same effect in the urticaria cases. Finally, the dose-dependent pattern of the BAT results differed significantly between the anaphylaxis and urticaria cases (P = 0.006). Thus, a strong background reaction was observed in the BAT with 1 h incubation; 15 min of incubation was sufficient to identify patients with natto-induced hypersensitivity and may distinguish the clinical phenotype of natto-induced hypersensitivity, i.e., anaphylaxis or urticaria. Conclusions The BAT with a 15-min incubation period is useful in diagnosing natto-induced hypersensitivity.
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- 2022
38. Innovation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Emerging topical and oral Janus kinase inhibitors
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Atsushi Otsuka, Shigeto Yanagihara, and Chisa Nakashima
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Ruxolitinib ,Administration, Topical ,Administration, Oral ,Dermatitis, Atopic ,Delgocitinib ,JAK-STAT ,Pathogenesis ,Baricitinib ,JAK1 Inhibitor ,medicine ,Humans ,Janus Kinase Inhibitors ,Immunology and Allergy ,Adverse effect ,Skin ,Atopic dermatitis ,Tofacitinib ,business.industry ,JAK-STAT signaling pathway ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,Upadacitinib ,Immunology ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,Janus kinase ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic, eczematous, severe pruritic skin lesions. The knowledge on the pathogenesis of AD is driving the development of new drugs. From the research results, it has been revealed that Th2 cell-mediated immunity, skin barrier dysfunction, and pruritus cause a vicious cycle of AD. On the other hand, the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway are one of the essential signaling pathways in various inflammatory diseases including AD. In particular, TSLP, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-22 occupy an important position for Th2 cell-mediated immune reaction. Moreover, experimentally pan-JAK inhibitor suppress the STAT3 activation and improved the skin barrier function. Furthermore TSLP, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31 contribute a lot to chronic pruritus of AD, and transmitted via JAK-STAT pathway. Therefore, JAK inhibitors are promising candidates for the treatment of severe AD. Here we review clinical trials of topical dergocitinib; a pan-JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib; a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, and tofacitinib; a JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3 inhibitor and oral baricitinib; a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, abrocitinib and upadacitinib; JAK1 inhibitor. Significant improvements in the symptoms were obtained by each drug with low frequency of adverse events. In particular, oral JAK inhibitors have the ability to improve the pruritus and skin symptoms quickly. Therefore, the emergence of these topical and oral JAK inhibitors would be regarded as an innovation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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- 2022
39. Routine HIV clinic visit adherence in the African Cohort Study
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Nicole, Dear, Allahna, Esber, Michael, Iroezindu, Emmanuel, Bahemana, Hannah, Kibuuka, Jonah, Maswai, John, Owuoth, Christina S, Polyak, Julie A, Ake, Trevor A, Crowell, and Willyhelmina, Olomi
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Coinfection ,Short Report ,Patient engagement ,HIV ,HIV Infections ,Clinic visits ,RC581-607 ,East Africa ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Cohort Studies ,Care retention ,Virology ,West Africa ,Ambulatory Care ,Humans ,Molecular Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy - Abstract
Background Retention in clinical care is important for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence suggests that missed clinic visits are associated with interruptions in antiretroviral therapy (ART), lower CD4 counts, virologic failure, and overlooked coinfections. We identified factors associated with missed routine clinic visits in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS). Methods In 2013, AFRICOS began enrolling people with and without HIV in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria. At enrollment and every 6 months thereafter, sociodemographic questionnaires are administered and clinical outcomes assessed. Missed clinic visits were measured as the self-reported number of clinic visits missed in the past 6 months and dichotomized into none or one or more visits missed. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between risk factors and missed visits. Results Between January 2013 and March 2020, 2937 PLWH were enrolled, of whom 2807 (95.6%) had initiated ART and 2771 had complete data available for analyses. Compared to PLWH 50+, missed clinic visits were more common among those 18–29 years (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.65–3.29), 30–39 years (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.19–2.13), and 40–49 years (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07–1.89). As compared to PLWH on ART for Conclusions Inconsistent clinic attendance is associated with worsened HIV-related outcomes. Strategies to improve visit adherence are especially needed for young PLWH and those with depression.
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- 2022
40. The effect of initiation of urate-lowering treatment during a gout flare on the current episode: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Ertao Jia, Xiaoling Yao, Hongling Geng, Li Zhong, Jingjing Xie, Yuya Xiao, Yubao Jiang, Xia Qiu, Min Xiao, Yanying Zhang, Dabin Tang, Jiaxin Wei, and Jianyong Zhang
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Meta-analysis ,Treatment Outcome ,Rheumatology ,Gout ,RC925-935 ,Humans ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Urate-lowering therapy ,Gout Suppressants ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Uric Acid - Abstract
Objective The objective was to evaluate whether initiation of urate-lowering treatment (ULT) during an acute gout flare prolonged the current episode. Methods A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and Web of Science databases was conducted from their inception to 15 March 2021. Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 381 patients met the inclusion criteria. Standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for estimating the clinical efficacy of ULT in acute gout. Results There was no statistical difference in days to resolution (intent-to-treat analysis) (SMD, 0.68; 95% CI − 0.42 to 1.78; I2, 49%; p = 0.22), the pain visual analogue score (VAS) by day 10 (SMD, − 0.07; 95% CI − 0.30 to 0.16; I2, 0%; p = 0.53), C-reactive protein (CRP) from day 7 to 10 (SMD, − 1.14; 95% CI − 5.63 to 3.36; I2, 55%; p = 0.62), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) from day 7 to 10 (SMD, − 2.51; 95% CI − 5.46 to 0.45; I2, 0%; p = 0.10) and the recurrence of gout flares within 28–30 days (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.29 to 2.09; I2, 0%; p = 0.62). Conclusion Initiation of ULT during an acute gout flare did not prolong the duration of the flare. However, larger sample size studies are needed to confirm this finding. Trial registration number PROSPERO (CRD42021234581).
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- 2022
41. A novel detection method for cross-linking of IgE-receptors by autoantibodies in chronic spontaneous urticaria
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Kaori Ishii, Michihiro Hide, Tomoharu Yokooji, Hiroaki Matsuo, Yuki Koga, Shunsuke Takahagi, Takanori Taogoshi, Yuko Chinuki, Eishin Morita, and Ryohei Ogino
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Adult ,Male ,Amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay ,FcεRIα ,Alpha (ethology) ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Immunoglobulin E ,Histamine Release ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Autoantibody ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Chronic Urticaria ,Receptor ,Aged ,Autoantibodies ,Skin ,Skin Tests ,biology ,business.industry ,Receptors, IgE ,Healthy subjects ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,RC581-607 ,Chronic spontaneous urticaria ,chemistry ,Homogeneous ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,Histamine ,Cross-linking - Abstract
Background Autoantibodies (AAbs) against immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies (Abs) and their high-affinity receptor alpha subunits (FceRIα) are key factors in the elicitation of type IIb autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria (type IIb aiCSU). In this study, we aimed to develop a new method to detect functional anti-FceRIα and anti-IgE AAbs, which can crosslink the plural FceRІα molecules and IgE Abs on the surface of mast cells and basophils, in sera from aiCSU patients using the amplified luminescence proximity homogeneous assay (Alpha). Methods Sera were obtained from 14 aiCSU patients, as diagnosed by recurrent chronic spontaneous urticaria episodes and positive results for the autologous serum skin test and/or histamine release test (HRT). The AAbs to FceRIα and IgE Abs were determined in sera from aiCSU patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Alpha by cross-linking (AlphaCL) of IgE Abs and/or FceRІα. Results Serum anti-FceRIα and anti-IgE AAb levels were not significantly different between aiCSU patients and healthy subjects in ELISA. Anti-FceRIα AAbs were detected in 10 of 14 aiCSU patients who displayed positive (5/5) and negative (5/9) results in the HRT for anti-FceRIα AAbs by AlphaCL, whereas no signals were observed in healthy subjects. Additionally, anti-IgE AAbs were detected in two of four aiCSU patients who displayed positive results in the HRT for anti-IgE AAbs. Conclusions A new assay method using AlphaCL can detect anti-FceRIα and anti-IgE AAbs with FceRIα- and IgE-crosslinking abilities in sera from aiCSU patients. This simple and practical assay method may be available as a diagnostic tool for urticaria patients.
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- 2022
42. A clinical and canine experimental study in small-airway response to bronchial thermoplasty: Role of the neuronal effect
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Chang-Hao Zhong, Di-Fei Chen, Yu-Long Luo, Ming-Yue Fan, Shiyue Li, Chun-Li Tang, Xiao-Bo Chen, Zhu-Quan Su, Yu Chen, Zi-Qing Zhou, and Yanqiuzi Cheng
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Adult ,Male ,Small airway ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bronchi ,Gastroenterology ,Bronchial thermoplasty ,Dogs ,Smooth muscle ,Internal medicine ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,Asthma ,Denervation ,Lung ,business.industry ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 ,Nerve ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,respiratory system ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,Airway - Abstract
Background The effects of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) on smooth muscle (SM) and nerves in small airways are unclear. Methods We recruited 15 patients with severe refractory asthma, who received BT treatment. Endobronchial optical-coherence tomography (EB-OCT) was performed at baseline, 3 weeks' follow-up and 2 years' follow-up to evaluate the effect of BT on airway structure. In addition, we divided 12 healthy beagles into a sham group and a BT group, the latter receiving BT on large airways (inner diameter >3 mm) of the lower lobe. The dogs’ lung lobes were resected to evaluate histological and neuronal changes of the treated large airways and untreated small airways 12 weeks after BT. Results Patients receiving BT treatment had significant improvement in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores and significant reduction in asthma exacerbations. EB-OCT results demonstrated a notable increase in inner-airway area (Ai) and decrease in airway wall area percentage (Aw%) in both large (3rd-to 6th-generation) and small (7th-to 9th-generation) airways. Furthermore, the animal study showed a significant reduction in the amount of SM in BT-treated large airways but not in untreated small airways. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5)–positive nerves and muscarinic receptor 3 (M3 receptor) expression in large and small airways were both markedly decreased throughout the airway wall 12 weeks after BT treatment. Conclusions BT significantly reduced nerves, but not SM, in small airways, which might shed light on the mechanism of lung denervation by BT.
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- 2022
43. The syndemic burden of HIV/AIDS in Africa amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic
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Jeffrey Sun, Nakyanzi Hamiidah, Burak Talha Akin, Abdulrasheed A Nasir, Charles Taylor, Rehema Mkamburi Mwazighe, Olivier Uwishema, Lukman Lawal, Elie Chalhoub, Irem Adanur, Helen Onyeaka, and Isoke Robert
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Immunology ,antiretroviral therapy ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,coronavirus ,HIV Infections ,Context (language use) ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,acquired immune deficiency syndrome ,Syndemic ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,COVID‐19 ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Pandemics ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,human immunodeficiency virus ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,Africa ,Commentary ,HIV/AIDS ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business - Abstract
Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has long affected millions of individuals across the globe. Historically, the prevalence of this disease is particularly noted within the African continent. Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, many African countries struggled to effectively manage the increasing burden associated with HIV/AIDS. There is now a need to reassess this in a COVID‐19 pandemic context so that the impact of COVID‐19 on HIV/AIDS healthcare within Africa can be adequately evaluated. Methods: Data collection was performed on the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Embase bibliographical databases with a predefined search strategy. Searches were performed in blind duplicate and all articles considering COVID‐19 and HIV/AIDS within African healthcare were considered. Results: The COVID‐19 pandemic has severely exacerbated the many issues surrounding HIV/AIDS care within many African countries. These impacts are noticeable in medical, psychological, and socio‐political contexts. Conclusions: Before efforts are made to improve the provision of HIV/AIDS and COVID‐19 care within Africa, it is important that this issue is brought to the attention of the scientific and clinical community so that the continent can receive the necessary support and aid.
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- 2022
44. Prevention of IL-6 signaling ameliorates toluene diisocyanate-induced steroid-resistant asthma
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Kai Yang, Shuyu Chen, Difei Li, Shanshan Zha, Li Yu, Zhenyu Liang, Shengming Liu, Zhuoyu Chen, Yao Deng, and Rongchang Chen
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Drug Resistance ,Inflammation ,HMGB1 ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Tocilizumab ,Respiratory Hypersensitivity ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Toluene diisocyanate ,Neutralizing antibody ,Interleukin 6 ,Goblet cell ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Steroid-resistant asthma ,business.industry ,Interleukin-6 ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Asthma ,respiratory tract diseases ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Methacholine ,IL-6 signaling ,medicine.symptom ,Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,medicine.drug ,Signal Transduction ,Airway inflammation - Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicated the crucial role for interleukin 6 (IL-6) signaling in the development of allergic asthma. Yet, the role of IL-6 signaling in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced mixed granulocytic airway inflammation still remains unclear. Thus, the aims of this study were to dissect the role of IL-6 signaling and to evaluate the effect of tocilizumab on TDI-induced steroid-resistant asthma. Methods TDI-induced asthma model was prepared and asthmatic mice were respectively given IL-6 monoclonal antibody, IL-6R monoclonal antibody (tocilizumab, 5 mg/kg, i.p. after each challenge) for therapeutic purposes or isotype IgG as control. Results TDI exposure just elevated IL-6R expression in the infiltrated inflammatory cells around the airway, but increased glycoprotein 130 expression in the whole lung, especially in bronchial epithelium. Moreover, TDI inhalation increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine, coupled with mixed granulocytic inflammation, exaggerated epithelial denudation, airway smooth muscle thickening, goblet cell metaplasia, extensive submucosal collagen deposition, dysregulated Th2/Th17 responses, as well as innate immune responses and raised serum IgE. And almost all these responses except for raised serum IgE were markedly ameliorated by the administration of IL-6 neutralizing antibody or tocilizumab, but exhibited poor response to systemic steroid treatment. Also, TDI challenge induced nucleocytoplasm translocation of HMGB1 and promoted its release in the BALF, as well as elevated lung level of STAT3 phosphorylation, which were inhibited by anti-IL-6 and anti-IL-6R treatment. Conclusions Our data suggested that IL-6 monoclonal antibody and tocilizumab might effectively abrogate TDI-induced airway inflammation and remodeling, which could be used as a clinical potential therapy for patients with severe asthma.
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- 2022
45. Involvement of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis
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Koichiro Saito, Yuma Matsumoto, Kenji Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Sakurai, Hidenori Yokoi, Masachika Fujiwara, Toru Kimura, and Michitsugu Kawada
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Neuropeptide ,Mucous membrane of nose ,Galanin ,Biology ,Immunoglobulin E ,Allergic rhinitis ,Mouse model ,Mice ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Receptor ,Sensitization ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Rhinitis, Allergic ,Receptor, Galanin, Type 2 ,Galanin receptor 2 ,Disease Models, Animal ,Nasal Mucosa ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Nasal administration ,Female ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by allergic reaction to allergens such as pollen. Galanin (GAL), a neuropeptide that regulates inflammatory processes, is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although neuropeptides are implicated in arthritis and chemically induced ileitis, their roles in AR remain unclear. Methods: We developed a murine model of AR and generated control, systemic sensitization, mild AR, and severe AR groups. We examined GAL and GAL receptor (GALR) mRNA and protein levels and localization patterns in each group using reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical analyses. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of M871, a GALR2 antagonist, on mice with severe AR. Results: Gal and Galr2 are expressed in nasal mucosa and brain (control) samples from control and AR mice. GAL and GALR2 were expressed at similar levels and localized to ciliated epithelial and submucosal gland cells of the nasal mucosa in all four groups. Intranasal M871 administration significantly reduced the incidence of nose rubbing behaviors and sneezing (p
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- 2022
46. Proteinuria and serum creatinine after 12 months of treatment for lupus nephritis as predictors of long-term renal outcome: a case–control study
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Fernanda Nogueira Holanda Ferreira Braga, Marta Maria das Chagas Medeiros, Antonio Brazil Viana Junior, Matheus Eugênio de Sousa Lima, Levi Coelho Maia Barros, Marcelo Ximenes Pontes, Allysson Wosley de Sousa Lima, and Paula Frassinetti Castelo Branco Ca Fernandes
- Subjects
Lupus erythematosus ,Systemic ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC581-607 ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Proteinuria ,Rheumatology ,Lupus nephritis ,RC925-935 ,Nephrology ,Case-Control Studies ,Creatinine ,Humans ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with 10–25% of patients progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Objective This study aims to elucidate the predictive capabilities of 24-h proteinuria (24PTU) and serum creatinine (sCr) after 12 months of treatment with respect to long-term renal outcomes in LN in a single-center cohort of LN patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 214 patients diagnosed with LN followed in our center. Values of 24PTU and sCr were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months, and after 5 years and/or the last evaluation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 2 for 3 months or longer. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) was defined as the need for permanent dialysis. Receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) were used to test the best cut-off value of 24PTU and sCr at 12 months who predict bad long-term renal outcomes. Results The mean follow-up period was 11.2 ± 7.2 years. The best cut-off values for 24PTU and sCr as predictor of CKD were, respectively, 0.9 g/24 h and 0.9 mg/dL. ROC curve for 24PTU had a slightly lower performance than ROC curve for sCr as predictor for CKD (PTU AUC = 0.68; sCr AUC = 0.70), but sensitivity and specificity were better for 24PTU (24PTU: sensitivity = 63.5%, specificity = 71.2%; sCr: sensitivity = 54.8%, specificity = 75.3%). When the outcome was ESRD the best cut-off points were 0.9 g/24hs and 1.3 mg/dL for 24PTU and sCr, respectively, and the curve performance was better for 24PTU (PTU AUC = 0.72; sCr AUC = 0.61). Conclusions In this ethnically diverse population with LN followed for a long time (> 10 years), levels of 24PTU > 0.9/day at 12 months was a good predictor of bad long-term renal outcome. The serum creatinine > 0.9 mg/dL and > 1.3 mg/dL at 12 months were also good predictors of CKD and ESRD, respectively. Patients with 24PTU .
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- 2022
47. Diagnosis of non-immediate hypersensitivity to amoxicillin in children by skin test and drug provocation tests: A retrospective case-series study
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Ryuhei Yasuoka, Osamu Natsume, Hiroshi Uchida, Fumitaka Takayanagi, Mayumi Matsunaga, and Yukiko Katoh
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Male ,Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Provocation test ,Disease ,Oral administration ,medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Hypersensitivity, Delayed ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,media_common ,business.industry ,Amoxicillin ,General Medicine ,RC581-607 ,Rash ,Dermatology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Delayed hypersensitivity ,Drug provocation test ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,Intradermal test ,medicine.drug ,Case series ,Drug hypersensitivity - Abstract
Background Skin rash often occurs upon oral administration of amoxicillin in children, due to non-immediate hypersensitivity. However, information on delayed hypersensitivity to amoxicillin is scarce. Moreover, the appropriate diagnostic method and actual diagnostic rate of delayed hypersensitivity to amoxicillin among Japanese children are unclear. We conducted intradermal tests (IDTs) and drug provocation tests (DPTs) and retrospectively investigated the proportion of children with a definitive diagnosis of non-immediate hypersensitivity to amoxicillin. We then evaluated the characteristics of patients with a positive allergic workup. Methods We enrolled children referred for suspected findings of mild or moderate non-immediate hypersensitivity to amoxicillin between August 2018 and March 2020. If the IDT in the delayed phase was negative, DPT with amoxicillin (60–90 mg/kg/day) was performed for 7 days. Non-immediate hypersensitivity to amoxicillin was defined when IDT or DPT was positive. We evaluated the potential of the drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) to reveal hypersensitivity to amoxicillin. Results This study enrolled 27 children. Fourteen children (52%) had hypersensitivity to amoxicillin, of whom 12 had positive IDTs and two had positive DPTs. No differences in age, sex, history of allergic disease, days from oral use to symptom onset, type of rash at symptom onset, generalized rash, and DLST results were observed between the hypersensitivity and non-hypersensitivity groups. Conclusions Examination should be performed for children with mild or moderate reactions because positive cases have no significant features and half of the suspected cases are negative.
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- 2022
48. Subtypes of atopic dermatitis: From phenotype to endotype
- Author
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Yoshiki Tokura and Satoshi Hayano
- Subjects
Adult ,Endotype ,Black People ,Subtype ,medicine.disease_cause ,White People ,Dermatitis, Atopic ,Asian People ,Food allergy ,Psoriasis ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Skin ,Atopic dermatitis ,business.industry ,Intrinsic type ,General Medicine ,Immune dysregulation ,RC581-607 ,medicine.disease ,Phenotype ,Child, Preschool ,Mutation ,Immunology ,Personalized medicine ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business ,Filaggrin - Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogenous disorder and can be classified into different types. Stratification of subtypes may enable personalized medicine approaches. AD can be categorized into the IgE-high, extrinsic subtype and the IgE-normal, intrinsic subtype. While extrinsic AD is the major subtype possessing skin barrier impairment (high incidence of filaggrin mutations), intrinsic AD occupies about 20% of AD with female dominance and preserved barrier. Extrinsic AD exhibits protein allergy and food allergy, but intrinsic AD shows metal allergy possibly in association with suprabasin deficiency. In particular, accumulated knowledge of food allergy has more clearly characterized extrinsic AD. European American (EA) and Asian AD subtypes have been also proposed. Asian patients with AD are characterized by a unique blended immune dysregulation and barrier feature phenotype between EA patients with AD and those with psoriasis. In another ethnic study, filaggrin loss-of-function mutations are not prevalent in African American patients with AD, and Th1/Th17 attenuation and Th2/Th22 skewing were seen in these patients. Recent endotype classification provides new insights for AD and other allergic disorders. Endotype is defined as the molecular mechanisms underlying the visible features/phenotype. Endotype repertoire harbors activation of type 2 cytokines, type 1 cytokines, and IL-17/IL-22, impairment of epidermal barrier, and abnormalities of intercellular lipids. Classification of endotype has been attempted with serum markers. These lines of evidence indicate a need for personalized or precision medicine appropriate for each subtype of AD.
- Published
- 2022
49. Characterising the allergic profile of children with cystic fibrosis
- Author
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Benjamin Shillitoe, Louise J Michaelis, Amy L Faulkner, Michael J. Grayling, and Malcolm Brodlie
- Subjects
Immunology ,Allergic condition ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cystic fibrosis ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,cystic fibrosis ,Interquartile range ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Aspergillus ,allergic rhinitis ,biology ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,business.industry ,Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary ,Original Articles ,Allergens ,RC581-607 ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Cohort ,Original Article ,Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ,hypersensitivity ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,business - Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition that affects multiple organ systems. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a well‐recognised problem but other allergic conditions are less well documented in CF. Objective To characterise the allergic profile of a cohort of children with CF, with a focus on those with ABPA. Methods A cohort of children with CF were interviewed and retrospective data were collected regarding their allergic histories and other relevant clinical features. Results The cohort included 37 children with median age of 9 years (interquartile range: 6‐12). There was a history of ≥1 allergic condition(s) in 28/37 children (76%). The most common allergic condition was allergic rhinitis (AR) in 21/37 (57%) and 16 of these 21 children (76%) had another allergic condition. All children with ABPA (8) had another allergic condition. In some children ABPA exacerbations appeared to be seasonal, suggesting possible cross‐sensitisation between Aspergillus fumigatus and aeroallergens associated with seasonal AR. Allergic conditions were also common in children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection., “Example allergic timelines for children with CF”
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- 2022
50. The effect of colchicine on mortality outcome and duration of hospital stay in patients with COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials
- Author
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Chia Siang Kow, Learn‐Han Lee, Dinesh Sangarran Ramachandram, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Long Chiau Ming, and Hui Poh Goh
- Subjects
NLRP3 inhibitor ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Immunology ,Short Report ,COVID-19 ,RC581-607 ,Length of Stay ,Coronavirus disease ,Short Reports ,systematic review ,inflammasome ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Colchicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Background Overactivation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can lead to severe illness in patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). The NLRP3 inhibitor, colchicine, therefore, appears to be promising for the treatment of COVID‐19. Aims We aimed to perform a meta‐analysis of randomized trials investigating the effect of colchicine in patients with COVID‐19. Materials & Methods We systematically searched electronic databases and clinical trial registries (up to October 17, 2021) for eligible studies. The outcomes of interest were all‐cause mortality and duration of hospital stay. Meta‐analysis with the random‐effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) of mortality and 95% confidence interval (CI). The pooled standardized mean difference of duration of hospital stay with 95% CI between colchicine users and non‐colchicine users was estimated using Cohen's d index. Results The meta‐analyses revealed no significant difference in the odds of mortality (pooled OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.53–1.07), but a significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay with the use of colchicine (pooled standardized mean difference = −0.59; 95% CI: −1.06 to −0.13). Discussion and Conclusion The ability of colchicine to reduce the length of stay in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 is consistent with its potential to prevent clinical deterioration via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Nevertheless, such beneficial effects of colchicine did not translate into mortality benefits in patients with COVID‐19., Colchicine which is a potent NLRP3 inhibitor had been trialed as a potential treatment of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). This meta‐analysis confirms the ability of colchicine to reduce the length of hospital stay in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, which is consistent with its potential to prevent clinical deterioration via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. However, this meta‐analysis also revealed no significant difference in the odds of mortality with the use of colchicine in patients with COVID‐19.
- Published
- 2021
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