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International audience; OBJECTIVES:Compared to the general population, psychiatric patients are more exposed to physical illness but have reduced access to care.METHODS:We conducted a descriptive study in Montpellier between November 2011, 2nd and December 2012, 21st. Every Wednesday and Friday, the last two inpatients admitted in the psychiatric post-emergency unit of the University Hospital of Montpellier were assessed by a general practitioner and included in the study. This unit takes care of suicidal patients suffering from mood and/or personality disorders. The general practitioner assessed lifetime somatic history, current somatic comorbidities and medical follow-up for non-psychiatric issues.RESULTS:One hundred patients were included. The sample consisted of 81% women with a mean age of 43 years (18-79 years). The majority of patients had a lifetime history of somatic disease (96%) and was followed by a general practitioner (99%). Six patients had no met general practitioner for at least one year. Dyslipidemia was reported in 32 patients, among those only one patient was on lipid-lowering drug (96.88%). Among patients with impaired dental condition, 29 (55.77%) had not met a dentist for at least one year. Among those with impaired near visual acuity and/or impaired distance visual acuity, 19 (65.52%) had not met an ophthalmologist for at least one year.CONCLUSION:Although detected, somatic comorbidities seem outsourced in psychiatric patients. Greater awareness among different health professionals about the medical care of such patients could improve healthcare management and life expectancy

Objective: To test the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐i) in Parkinsonʼs Disease (PD) and to evaluate its impact on indices of daytime and psychological functioning. Method: Fifteen patients with insomnia disorder (ID) comorbid to PD were enrolled in a single‐case design with multiple baselines. Total wake time, sleep efficiency, and daytime sleepiness were recorded on a sleep diary. Selfreported measures of insomnia, anxiety and depressive symptoms, health‐related quality of life, and psychological variables perpetuating ID were completed. All patients also underwent a clinical interview for ID diagnosis. Results: CBT‐i was associated with significant changes in sleep variables and ID criteria. Significant positive treatment‐ related effects were also noted for all indices of daytime and psychological functioning, and for variables perpetuating ID. All of these improvements were well maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. Conclusion: CBT‐i is a promising therapeutic avenue for patients with PD.

Objectives : This longitudinal prospective and observational study was designed to identify fatigue trajectories during a 6-month period of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and examine the psychosocial factors predicting these trajectories. Associations between fatigue and survival were also investigated. Methods : A total of 169 patients (Mage = 64.36 years, SD = 10.5) reported their fatigue levels every 2 weeks for 6 months. Psychological variables (anxiety, depression, internal control, and coping) were assessed at baseline. A Growth Mixture Model was used to identify latent trajectories of fatigue, and a multinomial logistic regression tested covariate predictors of patients’ trajectories. Results : Four clinically distinct fatigue trajectories were identified: intense fatigue (6.51%), moderate fatigue (48.52%), no fatigue (33%), and increasing fatigue (11.83%). Fatigue severity was directly associated with overall survival. High depression levels were associated with fatigue severity over time for intense (OR = 1.80 [1.32-2.47]) and for moderate (OR = 1.58 [1.25-2.00]) fatigue, compared to patients reporting no fatigue. Patients who did not report fatigue were better adjusted, and had more resources, such as better internal control over the disease and less emotion-focused coping (guilt and avoidance), than those who reported intense (ORcontrol = 0.77 [0.65-0.92]) or moderate (ORcontrol = 0.89 [0.79-0.99] and ORcoping = 1.13 [1.02-1.24]) fatigue. Conclusion : Fatigue trajectories differed considerably across patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This first longitudinal study on colorectal cancer patients involving transactional variables suggests that psychosocial interventions should target these specific outcomes, in order to help patients manage their fatigue.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between a positive leadership style [i.e. authentic leadership (AL)] and nurses’ psychological health (i.e. nurses’ flourishing and satisfaction with work–family balance), including psychological capital (PsyCap) as a mediational variable. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-report questionnaire including 1,076 nurses from public and private hospitals in France. Findings Structural equation modeling results revealed that AL is related to nurses’ flourishing and satisfaction with work–family balance and that PsyCap acted as a partial mediator between this leadership style and positive outcomes. Practical implications This research indicated that hospitals can enhance nurses’ psychological health not only in their work but also in their lives in general by improving leaders’ authentic management style and developing PsyCap (e.g. staffing, training and development). Originality/value An original feature of this paper concerns its focus on the mediating role of PsyCap in the relationship between AL and these positive outcomes. Moreover, this study underlined the influence of leadership style on nurses’ psychological health beyond occupational health. The research makes a valuable contribution to the existing AL literature by establishing a new explanatory model of AL and nurses’ psychological health in the French context. It also highlights the interest in developing this leadership style in health-care settings.

International audience; In the past decade, humor in scientific research has become more and more popular providing an increase of data identifying the context in which humor is a promising communication strategy in preventive health messages. To avoid the limits of declarative responses usually recorded in past studies, eye tracker technology offers the possibility to assess and dissect the effects of humor on visual attention. In this brief report, we first attempt to extend the results of previous studies by recording eye movements while participants were exposed to humorous and nonhumorous print health ads dealing with tobacco and alcohol consumption. A secondary purpose is specifically to test the visual attention French women devoted to humorous tobacco preventive ads, the worrying results of recent studies urging to find a way to improve tobacco preventive campaigns. Based on three complementary eye-tracking measures (i.e., total dwell time, fixation count, and revisits), the results showed that humorous health messages were scanned longer and more frequently and revisited more often compared to nonhumorous ones. In addition, humor appeared to reduce smokers' avoidance of preventive tobacco messages. The different pattern of visual exploration confirms that humor is a good strategy to grab attention even of individuals who are involved in the health topic addressed. In short, this paper argues for introducing lightness into a very serious subject, health communication, based on the analysis of eye movement evidence.

Grandiose delusions (GDs) are defined as false beliefs about having an inflated worth, power, or a special identity which are firmly sustained despite undeniable evidence to the contrary. Although it is the second most commonly encountered delusional beliefs, GDs have received little attention. Thus, in this study, we explored the role of future expectations and sensitivity to reward in GDs in schizophrenia (SZ) disorder. In total, 115 SZ patients completed measures of positive and negative symptoms, sensitivity to reward, depression, and a task in which individuals were asked to estimate the probability that positive, negative and neutral events will occur in the future. Correlation and Linear Regression analyses were performed in order to determine whether sensitivity to reward and future expectations are associated with GDs. Regressions showed that hallucinations and future positive expectations were significantly associated with GDs. In conclusion, the present study showed that higher optimism regarding the future might be important psychological processes associated with the maintenance of GDs in SZ patients. Moreover, it is possible that patients experiencing hallucinations may interpret this phenomenon as a kind of special ability or power, resulting in turn in GDs maintenance. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

International audience; Objective : To investigate the cross-sectional association between personal physical activity (PA) level, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs toward PA promotion, and PA promotion behavior among smoking cessation advisors.Method : 149 smoking cessation advisors were invited to complete online questionnaires. Hypotheses were tested using Bayesian path analysis.Results : Attitudes and perceived behavioral control (PBC) of smoking cessation advisors were related to PA promotion intentions; intentions were in turn related to PA promotion behaviors. Advisors’ personal PA level was indirectly associated with PA promotion behaviors through PBC and PA promotion intentions.Conclusion : The TPB is a relevant theoretical framework with which to explore determinants of PA promotion behavior among smoking cessation advisors. The PA level of health care professionals may be linked to PA promotion behavior through some TPB constructs.Practice implications : Smoking cessation advisor training should include education on attitude development (e.g., PA benefits on smoking cessation), PBC (e.g., modality of PA prescription) and PA promotion intentions (e.g., goal setting). Smoking cessation advisors should also be encouraged to regularly practice PA in order to improve their PA promotion behaviors.

International audience; In the domain of the workplace, burnout appears as an important consequence of stressful events experienced by an individual. But how to define it, and what reality does this concept represent? The benefits of optimism, and particularly of an optimistic explanatory style, have also been demonstrated on a set of other variables such as health, performance and resilience. If an optimistic explanatory style is an important variable, what are the relationships that can be observed with burnout? The purpose of this study is to explore the links that exist between explanatory styles and burnout assuming that there are different types of profiles according to the styles of the individuals, whether they are actually optimistic or pessimistic, or neither one nor the other. Through a cluster analysis, the results of this study revealed: 1) the existence of three different profiles of explanatory styles, ranging from optimistic to pessimistic; and 2) it was indeed possible to associate levels of burnout with the profiles of these styles.; Dans le domaine du travail, le burn-out apparaît comme une conséquence importante des événements stressants ressentis par l’individu. Comment le définir ? Quelle réalité recouvre ce concept ? Les bienfaits de l’optimisme, et notamment d’un style explicatif optimiste, ont, par ailleurs, été mis en évidence sur un ensemble d’autres variables comme la santé, la performance ou la résilience. Si un style explicatif optimiste est une variable importante, quelles sont les relations que l’on peut observer avec le burn-out ? L’objet de cette étude est d’étudier les liens qui peuvent exister entre styles explicatifs et burn-out en présumant du fait qu’il existe différents styles chez les individus, selon qu’ils sont effectivement optimistes, ou pessimistes, ou alors ni franchement l’un ni l’autre. Grâce à une analyse en cluster, les résultats de cette étude ont révélé : 1) l’existence de trois différents profils de styles explicatifs allant d’optimiste à pessimiste ; et 2) qu’il était effectivement possible d’associer des niveaux de burn-out à ces profils de styles.

International audience; Objectives: To study the prevalence of burnout among non-health care workers (NHCW), the risk and protective factors and to quantify the risk of burnout.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study on the 3142 NHCW of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand. They received a self-assessment questionnaire.Results: Four hundred thirty seven (13.9%) NHCW completed the questionnaires. More than three quarter (75.4%) of NHCW was in burnout, with one in five (18.7%) having a severe burnout. Job demand was the main factor explaining the increase in exhaustion and overinvestment was the main factor explaining the increase in cynicism. Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) multiplied the risk of severe burnout by 11.2, job strain by 3.32 and isostrain by 3.74.Conclusion: NHCW from hospital staff are at high risk of burnout. The two major models of stress at work, the job demand-control-support and the ERI, were highly predictive of burnout, with strong dose-response relationships.

Background Fatigue is a well-known common clinical feature of numerous chronic diseases including various forms of cancer, neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. A significant proportion of people with schizophrenia (30–60%) reportedly experience fatigue, which impacts negatively on participation in various activities, including work, study, leisure, and social pursuits. Causes of fatigue in schizophrenia are poorly understood and there are no established treatments. Several evidence-based interventions for fatigue syndrome including psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and graded exercise therapy have been shown to be effective in other medical conditions and could be adapted to address fatigue in schizophrenia patients. As there are no psychosocial or pharmacological interventions with proved efficacy for fatigue in schizophrenia, there is an urgent need for the development of strategies to improve fatigue management in schizophrenia. The aim of this project is to evaluate in a single blind randomized clinical trial the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention compared to treatment as usual (TAU) on fatigue as the main outcome in schizophrenia patients. Clinical symptoms, physical functioning, major cognitive functions, quality of life and functioning, treatment dosage, daily motor activity, biological markers with inflammatory markers are also considered as secondary outcomes. Methods/design Two hundred patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomized to either of the study arms (intervention or TAU). The ENERGY intervention will be delivered according to a standardized treatment manual comprising six modules addressing fatigue and sleep over 14 individual therapy sessions. The treatment encompasses core CBT principles of psycho-education, behavioral activation, behavioral experiments, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, and relapse prevention. Sessions will follow the traditional CBT structure of agenda setting, review of homework tasks, and introduction of a new concept/technique with collaborative discussions on how to implement such strategies in the participant’s day-to-day environment. Our primary endpoint will be the severity of fatigue assessed at baseline and at the 9-month follow-up using the “Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory” (MFI). Discussion The trial will provide the first test of CBT intervention for fatigue for patients with schizophrenia. This study will also test to what extent the treatment can be implemented in everyday practice. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04332601. Registered on 10 April 2020.

Background: Sun exposure has short- and long-term adverse effects on eyes, skin, and the immune system. The most serious effect, melanoma, is largely attributable to natural ultraviolet radiation. Its prevalence is steadily increasing in fair-skinned populations in most European countries. Despite annual prevention campaigns, the French population continues to be overexposed to the sun and under-protected. Social and psychosocial characteristics may play an important role in sun protection determinants. Overexposure is partially motivated by a desire to tan oneself for aesthetic reasons. During summer, intense exposure constitutes a major risk factor for melanoma, making tourists a particularly high-risk population. Literature reviews concluded that appearance-based interventions highlighting the aesthetic effects of sun exposure on skin photoaging showed promise in terms of improving sun-exposure and sun-protection behaviors, especially among younger people, but that more rigorous studies were needed. In this context, we implemented the PRISME study to: - identify the determinants, in particular social and psychosocial, of sun-protection of French summer tourists visiting the Mediterranean coastline; - design two prevention interventions grounded in psychosocial theories; - compare the impact of both interventions on tourists' sun-protection behaviors, and identify the determinants influencing this impact. This paper presents the methodology of the PRISME study. Methods: During summer 2019, we conducted a cluster randomized crossover trial to compare two prevention interventions, one based on health-related messages (health effects information, phototype calculation), the other on appearance-related messages (photoaging information, ultraviolet photography), among French tourists aged 12-55 years old in coastline campsites in the French region of Occitanie. Both interventions were anchored in the theory of planned behavior and in the transtheoretical model. The interventions' impact was measured using face-to-face questionnaires and skin color measurements both immediately before and 4 days after the interventions. A second follow-up, using an online questionnaire, will be conducted in September 2020 to measure the longer-term effects of both interventions. Discussion: Despite certain study limitations, PRISME take into consideration several known methodological gaps. The study's results will enable to evaluate the efficacy of the promising appearance-based approach in France, and to identify vulnerable sub-populations and mechanisms to improve sun-protection behaviors of French tourists.

Introduction: To explain motivational difficulties in schizophrenia (SZ), attention has focused on the reward system and effort-based decision-making deficits. However, according to motivational in...

Background Few rehabilitation methods have proven their efficacy in increasing sensori-motor recovery and/or function of the upper limb (UL) after stroke. Video games (VGs) are promising tools in this indication. Objective To compare UL rehabilitation by using VGs and conventional rehabilitation (CR) in patients with sub-acute stroke. Design Single-blind, multicentric trial, with central randomization and stratification by center. Setting Physical and rehabilitation medicine departments of 2 university hospitals. Participants Adults within 3 months after a first vascular cerebral accident, with UL Fugl Meyer Score (UL-FMS) Intervention A 45-min additional session of conventional occupational therapy (OT) or a VG-based OT session as add-on therapy to usual rehabilitation programs, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome: UL-FMS. Secondary outcome: Box and Block Test (BBT), Wolf Motor Function test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), Barthel Index and quality of life (SF-36). Results We included 51 patients (20 women) at a mean (SD) of 27.2 (19.4) days post-stroke (mean age 58 years [range 24–83]), 26 in the CR group and 25 in the VG group (23 in each group at 6-month follow-up). The mean duration of the additional rehabilitation session was similar in both groups: 29.3 (4.3) vs 28.0 (4.4) min in CR and VG groups. Shoulder pain occurred in 4 patients in the VG group versus 7 in the CR group. At day 45, gain in UL-FMS did not significantly differ between the groups (CR mean 17.8 [14.6] vs VG 24.1 [14.8]; P = 0.10), whereas gain in BBT was doubled in the VG group (CR 7.4 [12.2] vs VG 15.7 [16.3]; P = 0.02). At 6-month follow-up, the study was inconclusive about between-group differences in UL-FMS, BBT and other criteria. Post-hoc analysis showed that gains in UL-FMS or BBT were significantly higher in the VG than CR group for patients included within 30 days post-stroke. Conclusion In general, we cannot conclude that video gaming and conventional OT led to different long-term sensorimotor recovery of the UL after sub-acute stroke. However, when applied within the first month after stroke, video gaming was more efficient than conventional rehabilitation on both sensorimotor recovery and gross grasping function. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01554449 ).

International audience; Addiction transfer from alcohol to sugar has been demonstrated in the alcohol postdependent state model in rats. To assess whether changes in sugar intake and craving can occur during alcohol withdrawal in humans we conducted a prospective, observational study in a university hospital addictions treatment center. Recruited patients had severe alcohol use disorder, were hospitalized for 7 days in the short-stay unit for alcohol withdrawal and then for 6 weeks in the rehabilitation unit. During the hospital stay, they had no access to alcohol but had full access to sweet products and beverages in a shop and vending machines located inside the hospital. Alcohol craving was assessed using a visual analogue scale on days 1, 15 and 45. Sugar craving, sweet products stored by patients in their rooms and weight were assessed on the same days. Thirty-five patients were included. Sugar craving increased in 14 patients during the hospital stay while no change was observed in the remaining 21. Significant increases in both the amounts of sweet products stored in the patients' rooms (p

Background: Medical-related professions are at high suicide risk. However, data are contradictory and comparisons were not made between gender, occupation and specialties, epochs of times. Methods: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on suicide risk among health-care workers, were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Embase databases without language restriction on April 2019. We stratified results by gender, countries, time, and specialties. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. Information on suicides, suicidal attempts, and suicidal ideation, and related-characteristics were retrieved from national or local specific registers or case records. In addition, suicide attempts and suicidal ideation were also retrieved from questionnaires (paper or internet). Findings: The overall SMR for suicide in physicians was 1.44 (95CI 1.16, 1.72) with an important heterogeneity (I2=93.9%, p

Because virtual reality seems to be increasingly considered in different medical fields, the objective of this study is to define the optimal conditions for its use in a population of elderly women with breast cancer. By using a questionnaire, we evaluated the interest but also the immersive aspirations and preferences of elderly women with regard to this innovative device, taking into account the possible changes with age (60-65 years; 66-69, 70 and over). Surprisingly, older people - whatever the age group - are particularly favorable to virtual reality without actually having experienced it. The patients primarily chose immersion in a natural environment (with a marked preference for mountain landscapes) accompanied by musical background or even guided relaxation. However, because they judged important to remain focused on the treatments, the patients especially expect VR to regulate their negative emotions (lowering anxiety) and to allow them to escape from the painful contingencies of the real. Thus, virtual reality must take them into a magical world, which is more salient than to distract them or make them laugh. The distracting power, commonly associated with VR, does not seem to be the most popular reason to use with seniors facing medical care.

International audience; Most individuals with schizophrenia will be confronted with some form of stigma. In recent years, clinicians and family members have increasingly contested the term "schizophrenia". Many of them discuss changing this name, as a means to fight stigma. Up until now, surprisingly, most research has been conducted using self-reports and behavioral research is lacking. The aim of our study was to assess through an experimental design if the term "schizophrenia" itself modifies social behaviours. Forty participants were asked to engage in a synchronization task with a dot displayed on a screen and moved by another person. Non-clinicians participants had to synchronize their movements as accurately as possible with either a "schizophrenia" patient, a patient with "neuro-emotional integration disorder" or a "healthy" subject, kept out of sight. Each condition was counterbalanced between participants. In fact, the movements of the dot were pre-recorded (five trajectories) and were therefore identical for all three conditions. Measuring the error between the displayed and performed trajectories, participants exhibited more errors when they thought they were interacting with a patient in comparison to the "healthy" subject. Post-hoc analysis revealed an even higher difference between "schizophrenia" and "healthy" conditions. Altogether, our results show a significant behavioral impact of the term "schizophrenia" with possibly negative consequences on social interactions. The effect of changing the name reduces this impact but remains unclear.

International audience; Apathy is a frequent and debilitating condition with few treatment options available in schizophrenia patients. Despite evidence of its multidimensional structure, most of past studies have explored apathy through a categorical approach. The main objective of this study was to identify the cognitive, emotional, motivational, and clinical factors at baseline that best predicted the three subtypes of apathy dimensions at follow-up. In a longitudinal study, 137 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia underwent different assessments including clinical, motivational, affective and cognitive measurements, at 1-month (referred to as baseline) and 12-month follow-ups. Data were analyzed using partial least squares variance-based structural equation modeling. Three latent variables representing the three previously described domains of apathy reaching consensus in the literature were extracted from the Lille Apathy Rating Scale. Results showed that in addition to baseline apathy, positive symptoms, anticipatory pleasure and sensibility to punishment at baseline predicted cognitive apathy at follow-up. Likewise, both baseline apathy and sensibility to punishment predicted emotional apathy at follow-up. Finally, baseline anhedonia and episodic memory were the main variables the predicted behavioral apathy at follow-up. This is the first study to show specific associations between apathy subtypes and clinical and cognitive motivational dysfunction in individual with schizophrenia, indicating possible distinct underlying mechanisms to these demotivational symptoms. Treatment for apathy should address both types of processes. Importantly, our results demonstrate the interest of multidimensional approaches in the understanding of apathy in schizophrenia.

International audience; The current study examined the development of psychological momentum (PM) in table tennis and theeffect of a time-out. Eighty table tennis players were exposed to an audiovisual scenario, in which theyeither came back from 1–7to7–7 in an all-decisive game (positive momentum), or in which the opponentcame back from 7–1to7–7 (negative momentum). Furthermore, at the score of 7–7 a time-out was called.One group of participants received no specific instructions during the time-out, whereas the other groupreceived task (mastery-approach–MAp) instructions. Overall, PM perceptions increased for participants inthe positive momentum condition, but decreased rapidly for participants in the negative momentumcondition. In addition, the time-out led to a loss of PM in the positive momentum condition, but to arecovery of PM in the negative momentum condition. The instructions during the time-out did not make asignificant difference. Together, these results suggest that scoring patterns in a table tennis gamesignificantly affect the PM of players. Furthermore, a player or coach could benefit from calling a time-out in a negative momentum situation, as this provides an opportunity to psychologically recove

Article disponible en ligne en html et pdf : https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-5226-y; International audience; In France, the issue of youth smoking remains a major challenge for public health. School failure, socio-economic and socio-cultural backgrounds influence the initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior in adolescents. Vocational students are at particularly high risk of using psychoactive substances, including tobacco. One of the most important factors is the environment, whether family, friends or peers. Therefore, peer education has a positive potential to change smoking behavior of adolescents. It has also been demonstrated that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has yielded the best prediction of intentions and behavior, in several health domains, including on tobacco. However, it is usually confined to the measurement of processes by which interventions change behavior, rather than to the development of these interventions. The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a peer intervention based on the TPB on a highly exposed young population.This is a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention group to a control group, randomized into clusters (professional schools and classes) and stratified in three departments (Hérault, Aude and Gard) in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. The primary issue is the prevalence of daily smoking at 24 months, defined by a daily tobacco use of at least 1 cigarette, validated by CO levels in exhaled air. The primary hypothesis is that intervention will lead to decrease the daily smoking prevalence of 10% between the intervention group and the control group during a 2-year follow-up.The results from this trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of an innovative peer-to-peer intervention based on the TPB.

International audience; Objective The present study examined the longitudinal association between personality traits and sleep quality in four samples of middle-aged and older adults. Method Participants (N > 22,000) were adults aged 30 to 107 years old from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Midlife in Japan Study (MIDJA). Personality and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and again 4 to 10 years later. Results Scoring lower on neuroticism and higher on extraversion was associated with better sleep quality at baseline and over time, with effect sizes larger than those of demographic factors. Low conscientiousness was associated with a worsening of sleep quality over time. Openness and agreeableness were unrelated to sleep quality. Poor sleep quality at baseline was associated with steeper declines in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and a smaller decrease in neuroticism over time. Conclusion Replicable findings across samples support longitudinal associations between personality and sleep quality. This study identified specific personality traits that are associated with poor and worsening sleep quality, and substantiated previous findings that poor sleep quality is associated with detrimental personality trajectories.

Article consultable en ligne : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14773-3; International audience; Rapid progress in the area of humanoid robots offers tremendous possibilities for investigating and improving social competences in people with social deficits, but remains yet unexplored in schizophrenia. In this study, we examined the influence of social feedbacks elicited by a humanoid robot on motor coordination during a human-robot interaction. Twenty-two schizophrenia patients and twenty-two matched healthy controls underwent a collaborative motor synchrony task with the iCub humanoid robot. Results revealed that positive social feedback had a facilitatory effect on motor coordination in the control participants compared to non-social positive feedback. This facilitatory effect was not present in schizophrenia patients, whose social-motor coordination was similarly impaired in social and non-social feedback conditions. Furthermore, patients’ cognitive flexibility impairment and antipsychotic dosing were negatively correlated with patients’ ability to synchronize hand movements with iCub. Overall, our findings reveal that patients have marked difficulties to exploit facial social cues elicited by a humanoid robot to modulate their motor coordination during human-robot interaction, partly accounted for by cognitive deficits and medication. This study opens new perspectives for comprehension of social deficits in this mental disorder.

The main goal of the present study was to explore the associations between several key variables that have been shown to partially mediate the link between specific trauma exposure and auditory hallucinations (AH), that is, maladaptive schemas and dissociation in the general population.In total, 425 voluntary participants were recruited from the general population and completed online the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Young schema questionnaire, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling.Our model showed that: (1) sexual and emotional abuse impact on AH both through the effect of maladaptive schemas and dissociation; (2) physical abuse impact on AH only through the effect of dissociation. More specifically, we found that four maladaptive schemas impact on AH: Abandonment, Vulnerability, Self-sacrifice and Subjugation.Overall, our findings indicate that specific early maladaptive schemas may play a fundamental role in the association between exposure to trauma and auditory hallucination together with dissociation symptoms in the general population. Consequently, our study suggest considering maladaptive schemas as an important therapeutic target when working with individuals experiencing AH with or without a psychiatry disorder.

The impact of ASD on parental QOL was evaluated in the EpiTED cohort study at early adulthood. Two-third of parents of young adults with ASD (66.7%) reported that their QoL was at least moderately altered. The perceived impact of ASD on parental QoL was related to the young adults' level of adaptive skills, as well as to symptom severity and the presence of challenging behaviors, which appeared to be the main risk factor. The study of change between adolescence and early adulthood showed that parents whose children had a decrease in challenging behaviors perceived a decreased impact on their QoL. These results argue for the importance to propose specific interventions to target associated challenging behaviors in ASD.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Insomnia disorder (ID) is highly associated with Parkinson disease (PD) with great negative effect on health-related quality of life. Nonetheless, the relevance of psychological processes involved in the maintenance of insomnia is yet to be established in the context of this neurological condition. Our aim was to examine a serial meditation model of sleep-related safety behaviors and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep in association with presleep cognitive arousal and ID in patients with PD. METHODS: A total of 68 patients with PD completed self-report measures including the Sleep-Related Behaviors Questionnaire (SRBQ-20), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS-16), and the cognitive subscale of the Presleep Arousal Scale (PSAS-C). ID was assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. Bootstrapped serial mediation analyses were conducted to test indirect effects. RESULTS: Overall, 55.6% of patients with PD met diagnostic criteria for ID. The association between presleep cognitive arousal (PSAS-C) and ID was serially mediated by sleep-related safety behaviors (SRBQ-20) and strong endorsement of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (DBAS-16) (bias-corrected 95% confidence interval for the indirect effect = 0.013, 0.093). An alternate serial mediation model in which dysfunctional beliefs about sleep precede sleep-related safety behaviors was not statistically significant (bias-corrected 95% confidence interval for the indirect effect = −0.001, 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: ID comorbid to PD is associated with the classic psychological factors perpetuating ID in neurological disease-free individuals with insomnia. Target-oriented interventions for instance cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia should be considered as a treatment approach for ID comorbid to PD. CITATION: Lebrun C, Gély-Nargeot M-C, Maudarbocus KH, Rossignol A, Geny C, Bayard S. Presleep cognitive arousal and insomnia comorbid to parkinson disease: evidence for a serial mediation model of sleep-related safety behaviors and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(9):1217–1224.

Background Suicide is a serious public health problem. The development and use of effective treatments for people hospitalized for suicide attempts remain a priority. Regarding psychosocial treatment, the evidence for treatments that effectively prevent suicide repetition of suicide attempts is extremely thin. There is some evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy may be effective for reducing suicide behaviour. The primary aim of this study is to compare Group Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy for Suicidality (GPACTS) versus Individual Supportive Therapy (IST) for preventing suicide. Methods In total, 240 participants with a high suicide risk score according to a Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) will be randomized to either GPACTS or IST. This is a multicentre, parallel group, randomized (1:1 ratio), two-tailed-superiority trial with endpoint-assessor blinding. Patients meeting inclusion criteria during a screening visit will be enrolled in the study and randomized into two groups: one group will undergo 6 weeks of GPACTS, and the second group will undergo 6 weeks of IST. Following 6 weeks of interventional therapy, patients are followed up for 12 months. Follow-up for both groups is identical and includes the administration of questionnaires at baseline and then within 10 days after the end of therapy sessions and then at 3, 6 and 12 months following the end of GPACTS/IST sessions. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first RCT of its kind to be conducted in France, and so far, there are no studies in the literature on group psychotherapy for the treatment of individuals who have attempted suicide. The outcomes will provide clear guidance for professionals to apply psychological intervention with suicide attempts. The protocol respects ethical principles, and ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee. The results will be disseminated through an original research published as original research in peer-reviewed manuscript, through a therapist manual for cognitive therapy, and presentations at research conferences. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02664701. Registered on January 27, 2017.

This study investigated the relationship between bedtime counterfactual thoughts, depressive symptoms, nocturnal counterproductive thought-control strategies and insomnia disorder. Six hundred and fifty adults from the general population were recruited and provided data on their counterfactual thoughts' frequency at bedtime, depressive symptoms and use of nocturnal maladaptive strategies of thought control. In addition, all participants followed a face-to-face clinical interview for the diagnosis of insomnia disorder. A model positing moderated mediation was tested using conditional process modelling. Overall, 19% of participants met diagnostic criteria for a chronic insomnia diagnosis. Bootstrapped mediation analyses indicated that the association of bedtime counterfactual processing and insomnia diagnosis is mediated by depressive symptoms (B = 0.035, SE = 0.007, bootstrapped 95% CI = 0.023, 0.051). Furthermore, the effects of such a mediation model were significantly larger among individuals with high levels of aggressive suppression than those with low levels of aggressive suppression (B = 0.002, SE = 0.001, bootstrapped 95% CI = 0.001, 0.004). A second model in which a worry strategy moderates the relationship between bedtime counterfactual processing and depressive symptoms was not statistically significant (B = 0.0036, SE = 0.013, p = .78). The present study adds to the literature on the importance of self-attacking thoughts and negative affects at bedtime. We recommend the evaluation of the impact of adding self-attacks management strategies to cognitive behavior therapy for individuals with an insomnia disorder

International audience; Atypical sensory processing is common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but their role in adaptive difficulties and problem behaviors is poorly understood. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and type of atypical sensory processing in children with ASD and investigate its impact on their adaptive functioning and maladaptive behaviors. We studied a subsample of 197 children rigorously diagnosed with ASD from the ELENA cohort. Children were divided into atypical and typical sensory processing groups and several independent variables were compared, including adaptive functioning and maladaptive behaviors. Overall, 86.8% of the children had at least one atypical sensory pattern and all sensory modalities were disturbed. Atypical sensory processing explained a significant part of the variance of behavioral problems.

Background Patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy experience fatigue and other treatment side effects. Integrative therapies combining physical activity and dietary counseling are recommended; however to date no large randomized controlled trial has been conducted during adjuvant therapy. The Adapted Physical Activity and Diet (APAD) intervention was evaluated for its ability to decrease fatigue (primary outcome), anxiety, depression, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass, and enhance muscular and cognitive performances, and quality-of-life (QoL). Methods Women diagnosed with early breast cancer (N = 143, mean age = 52 ± 10 years) were randomized to APAD or usual care (UC). APAD included thrice-weekly moderate-intensity mixed aerobic and resistance exercise sessions and 9 dietetic consultations. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and anthropometric, muscular, and cognitive variables were measured at baseline, 18 weeks (end of chemotherapy), and 26 weeks (end of radiotherapy and intervention), and at 6- and 12-month post-intervention follow-ups. Multi-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to compare groups over time. Results Significant beneficial effects of the APAD intervention were observed on all PROs (i.e., fatigue, QoL, anxiety, depression) at 18 and 26 weeks. The significant effect on fatigue and QoL persisted up to 12-month follow-up. Significant decreases in BMI, fat mass, and increased muscle endurance and cognitive flexibility were observed at 26 weeks, but did not persist afterward. Leisure physical activity was enhanced in the APAD group vs UC group at 18 and 26 weeks. No significant effect of the intervention was found on major macronutrients intake. Conclusions A combined diet and exercise intervention during chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with early breast cancer led to positive changes in a range of psychological, physiological and behavioral outcomes at the end of intervention. A beneficial effect persisted on fatigue and QoL at long term, i.e., 1 year post-intervention. Diet-exercise supportive care should be integrated into the management of early breast cancer patients. Trial registration The APAD study was prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01495650; date of registration: December 20, 2011). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5896-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This study examined the relationship between abusive supervision and non-clinical paranoia and explored which cognitive mechanisms are mediating this association (i.e. rumination, cognitive avoidance and negative affect). A sample of two hundred and five French-speaking workers currently in employment in France was recruited to fill in a battery of online questionnaires comprising of the French adaptations of the Abusive Supervision Scale, the State Social Paranoia Scales, the Depression and Anxiety and Stress Scales, the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire and the Mini-Cambridge Exeter Repetitive Thought Scale. Mediation analyses showed that the experience of supervisory abuse directly influences state paranoia, however, there were significant mediation effects. Abusive supervision impacted on cognitive avoidance that led to more rumination, which in its turn increased negative affect and this increased state paranoia. Rumination impacted on state paranoia but through the effect of negative affect only. This study showed that abusive supervision works together with cognitive and affective factors to impact on non-clinical paranoia. It is recommended that Cognitive and Behavioural therapy (CBT) is tailored to help workers to cope with experiences of supervisory abuse and associated paranoid thoughts by focusing on replacing rumination and cognitive avoidance strategies for more adaptive cognitive strategies and on how to manage depression.

International audience; To deal with stress, parents of children with ASD use coping strategies that help to tackle the challenging situations of raising their child. This systematic review examines parental coping strategy's questionnaires, factors which influence these coping strategies, interactions between these strategies and perceived stress and their impact on parental quality of life. According to PRISMA guidelines, an electronic search was conducted on Medline, PsycInfo and Eric: 156 articles were identified and 11 studies were selected. Many types of self-reported questionnaires were used to assess parental coping strategies. Studies highlighted that parents of a child with ASD used more avoidance strategies and less social support-seeking strategies than those of typical children. Furthermore, problem-focused coping protects parental stress and quality of life, that on the contrary, emotion-focused coping is a risk factor for alteration. Our systematic review illustrates the need to adapt psychoeducational interventions for parents of children with ASD.

This research aimed to associate for the first time in the literature the Regulatory Focus and Self-Determination theories to understand the dynamics of physical activity practice in the health context. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted with 603 (Study 1) and 395 (Study 2) French volunteer participants aged from 18 to 69 and 19 to 71 respectively, and healthy or concerned by a health condition. The main results of structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that across the two studies, health promotion focus was positively associated with intrinsic motivation (.44 < β < .74, p < .001), integrated regulation (.47 < β < .72, p < .001), identified regulation (.40 < β < .69, p < .001) and introjected regulation (.41 < β < .53, p < .001), whereas health prevention focus was positively related with external regulation (.31 < β < .45, p < .001) and amotivation (.32 < β < .38, p < .001). Bootstrapping analyses main results in Study 2 showed that health promotion focus was indirectly associated with physical activity through intrinsic motivation (95% CI [.02 to .11]), integrated regulation (95% CI [.00 to .08]), identified regulation (95% CI [.00 to .09]) and introjected regulation (95% CI [.04 to .12]), whereas health prevention focus was indirectly associated with physical activity through external regulation (95% CI [.00 to .12]). These studies reveal meaningful associations between Regulatory Focus and Self-Determination theories’ variables which support the relevance of associating these two models to understand the processes underlying the physical activity practice.

International audience; The present study investigated the impact of inter-character spacing on saccade programming in beginning readers and dyslexic children. In two experiments, eye movements were recorded while dyslexic children, reading-age, and chronological-age controls, performed an oculomotor lateralized bisection task on words and strings of hashes presented either with default inter-character spacing or with extra spacing between the characters. The results of Experiment 1 showed that (1) only proficient readers had already developed highly automatized procedures for programming both left- and rightward saccades, depending on the discreteness of the stimuli and (2) children of all groups were disrupted (i.e., had trouble to land close to the beginning of the stimuli) by extra spacing between the characters of the stimuli, and particularly for stimuli presented in the left visual field. Experiment 2 was designed to disentangle the role of inter-character spacing and spatial width. Stimuli were made the same physical length in the default and extra-spacing conditions by having more characters in the default spacing condition. Our results showed that inter-letter spacing still influenced saccade programming when controlling for spatial width, thus confirming the detrimental effect of extra spacing for saccade programming. We conclude that the beneficial effect of increased inter-letter spacing on reading can be better explained in terms of decreased visual crowding than improved saccade targeting.

International audience; Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) significantly improve overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced melanoma, but immune-related colitis may occur and warrant anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) treatment in severe forms. A nationwide, multicenter retrospective survey was conducted to assess both, the real-life incidence of grade 3/4 ICI-induced colitis treated with anti-TNFα, in patients with advanced melanoma, and the consequence of this therapeutic strategy on disease outcome. All patients with advanced melanoma treated with anti-TNFα agents for severe ICI-related colitis in the participating centers were included. Relative incidence was calculated according to the total number of patients treated with ICI in network centers during the period of inclusion. The possible impact of anti-TNFα treatment on disease outcome was evaluated through comparison of objective response rate, progression-free survival, and OS with pivotal literature data. Twenty-seven patients from 13 tertiary referral centers were included. Overall, severe ICI-related colitis treated with anti-TNFα occurred in 1% of patients with advanced melanoma, mostly with ipilimumab. Infliximab was successfully used in all patients but 1, mostly after 1 infusion. OS and progression-free survival of 12 and 3 months, respectively, were observed in these patients, along with an objective response rate of 41% at 12 months. This survey shows a low real-life incidence of severe colitis requiring anti-TNFα. Response rates to immunotherapy and survival data do not appear to significantly differ from those observed in pivotal studies. Severe ICI-induced colitis requiring anti-TNFα treatment appears to be a rare event in advanced melanoma, and infliximab does not seem to adversely affect disease outcome.

International audience; Atypical sensory processing has been described in autism spectrum disorder. The goal of this systematic review is to investigate the links between sensory processing, adaptive behaviours, and attention skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. The PRISMA guidelines were followed and a search was conducted using electronic databases: Medline, PsychInfo and Eric. Among the 11 studies about sensory processing that were selected, 7 investigated the association with adaptive behaviours and 5 with attention. Atypical sensory processing was reported in 82% to 97% of the participants with ASD, depending on the study. This review found a significant impact of sensory abnormalities on adaptive behaviour. In addition, we found interrelations between sensory processing and attention skills. However, the current literature is too limited to definitively conclude the direction of these interactions and the theories concerning perceptive functioning are conflicting.

Synchronization of behavior such as gestures or postures is assumed to serve crucial functions in social interaction but has been poorly studied to date in schizophrenia. Using a virtual collaborative environment (VCS), we tested 1) whether synchronization of behavior, i.e., the spontaneous initiation of gestures that are congruent with those of an interaction partner, was impaired in individuals with schizophrenia compared with healthy participants; 2) whether mimicry of the patients’ body movements by the virtual interaction partner was associated with increased behavioral synchronization and rapport. 19 patients and 19 matched controls interacted with a virtual agent who either mimicked their head and torso movements with a delay varying randomly between 0.5 s and 4 s or did not mimic, and rated feelings of rapport toward the virtual agent after each condition. Both groups exhibited a higher and similar synchronization behavior of the virtual agent forearm movements when they were in the Mimicry condition rather than in the No-mimicry condition. In addition, both groups felt more comfortable with a mimicking virtual agent rather than a virtual agent not mimicking them suggesting that mimicry is able to increase rapport in individuals with schizophrenia. Our results suggest that schizophrenia cannot be considered anymore as a disorder of imitation, particularly as regards behavioral synchronization processes in social interaction contexts.

Theoretical frameworks such as the theory of planned behavior (TPB) can be applied to design and evaluate smoking behavior interventions. The present systematic review aimed to: (i) determine the characteristics of TPB-based interventions and their reported impact on smoking behavior and TPB variables, (ii) evaluate the level of methodological quality in the included studies, and (iii) assess the quality of the theoretical implementation. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the intervention targeted smoking behavior, was explicitly based on the TPB, and if smoking behavior or intention was measured at least at post-intervention. Relevant articles were identified through searches on databases and internet search engines, responses to messages sent on thematic forums, consultation of prominent authors, and manual searches on key websites and key TPB-publications. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. A majority of studies (65%) targeted the student population (i.e., elementary school, high school, university). Interventions minimally included the provision of health messages. The proportion of studies that reported a significant impact on smoking behavior, intention, attitude, subjective norm, or PBC ranged between 42% and 50%. Regarding methodological quality, unclear or high risks of bias were notably found regarding the selection of participants, data collection methods, withdrawal and drop-outs, and blinding. Regarding theoretical implementation, the reciprocal link between intervention techniques and TPB variables targeted remain unclear for a majority of studies. To better inform tobacco prevention and TPB research, future studies should more systematically use rigorous methods when designing, implementing, and reporting TPB-based interventions.

This study aimed to evaluate (a) dyadic associations between relationship quality (RQ) and both depressive and anxious mood (DM and AM), (b) reciprocity hypotheses of negative mood within dyadic interactions, and (c) mediational role of marital idealization between negative mood and relationship quality. Actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) were performed using data from a sample of 198 dyads. Our results showed that (a) these two facets of negative mood did not have the same weight on RQ and that they had a gender-specific effects pattern, and (b) there was no support for the mood transmission hypothesis. Men's DM displayed direct and indirect (via marital idealization) actor as well as partner effects on RQ, whereas women's DM displayed only a direct actor effect on RQ. There were no significant direct actor effects of AM on RQ, meaning that this link is fully mediated by marital idealization. However, only women's AM showed such indirect effects on RQ.

International audience; Background: HPV vaginal self-sampling can be an alternative for women refusing cytological screening. Objectives: To describe HR-HPV types in 35-69 years old women from low socioeconomic groups not attending regular cytological screening in Marseille, France. Study design: A cervical screening campaign using HR-HPV self-sampling including 22,702 women aged 35-69 years living in low socioeconomic districts of Marseille was organized. A cytological and/or histological follow-up was undertaken for a subset of women harboring HR-HPV types. Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV test was used for screening, while INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra assay was used for genotyping. Results: 4245 self-samplings were performed (participation rate, 18.7%) out of which 609 (14.3%) were HR-HPV+ by the screening test including 114HPV 16 (18.7%), 41HPV 18 (6.7%), 454HR-HPVnon-16/18 (75.4%). A sample of 260 out of the 454HR-HPVnon-16/18 were genotyped by INNO-LiPA which revealed HPV52 (35%), 66 (22.6%), 51 (19.6%), 31 (15.7%), 39 (13%), 56 (10.4%), and 53, 35, 59, 33, 58, 82, 45, 68, 73 (= CIN2 lesions, (11 were HPV16+ and 8 were HR-HPVnon-16/18). Conclusion: This study illustrates the potential efficacy of self-sampling as a cancer screening strategy for socioeconomically deprived women who do not participate in regular Pap screening programs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Background Although some studies reported specifically self-face processing deficits in patients with schizophrenia disorder (SZ), it remains unclear whether these deficits rather reflect a more global face processing deficit. Contradictory results are probably due to the different methodologies employed and the lack of control of other confounding factors. Moreover, no study has so far evaluated possible daily life self-face recognition difficulties in SZ. Therefore, our primary objective was to investigate self-face recognition in patients suffering from SZ compared to healthy controls (HC) using an “objective measure” (reaction time and accuracy) and a “subjective measure” (self-report of daily self-face recognition difficulties). Method Twenty-four patients with SZ and 23 HC performed a self-face recognition task and completed a questionnaire evaluating daily difficulties in self-face recognition. Recognition task material consisted in three different faces (the own, a famous and an unknown) being morphed in steps of 20%. Results Results showed that SZ were overall slower than HC regardless of the face identity, but less accurate only for the faces containing 60%–40% morphing. Moreover, SZ and HC reported a similar amount of daily problems with self/other face recognition. No significant correlations were found between objective and subjective measures (p > 0.05). Limitations The small sample size and relatively mild severity of psychopathology does not allow us to generalize our results. Conclusions These results suggest that: (1) patients with SZ are as capable of recognizing their own face as HC, although they are susceptible to ambiguity; (2) there are far less self recognition deficits in schizophrenia patients than previously postulated.

Background Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer are exposed to cachexia, which is highly correlated with chemotherapy-induced side effects. Research suggests that specific immunonutrients could prevent such toxicities. Aims The primary objective of this phase III study was to evaluate the efficacy of glutamine and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) in the prevention of grade 3–4 non-hematological toxicities induced by chemotherapy in patients with GI cancer. Patients and methods We designed a double-blind, randomized, controlled and multicenter trial stratified according to center, type of chemotherapy, presence of cachexia, and age. Patients were randomized to receive either Clinutren Protect® (CP) or a control isocaloric diet (without TGF-β2 or glutamine). Results Between November 2007 and October 2011, 210 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 201 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Grade 3–4 non-hematological toxicities were not significantly different between the CP and control groups when evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Likewise, no difference was observed regarding grade 3–4 hematological toxicities or reasons for treatment interruption. Conclusion This randomized study does not support the hypothesis that oral glutamine and TGF-β2 supplementation is effective to reduce grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities induced by chemotherapy in patients with GI neoplasm.

International audience; Sleepiness and mind-wandering are frequently experienced by patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), without ever having been jointly explored. We aimed to investigate the co-occurrence of these two phenomena in ADHD adults. Drug-free ADHD adults (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 28) underwent an online experience sampling of mind-wandering episodes and subjective sleepiness. Participants completed self-reported measures of mind-wandering and sleepiness in daily life. Higher trait of mind-wandering was observed in ADHD patients compared to controls. On the whole sample, self-reported mind-wandering propensity was strongly associated with the severity of inattentive, impulsive and hyperactive symptoms. During the probes, patients reported more frequent episodes of mind-wandering and mind-blanking, and higher sleepiness. Their mind-wandering episodes were less intentional and belonged less frequently to a structured succession of thoughts. In both groups, mind-wandering and mind-blanking were associated with higher sleepiness. On the SART, patients were less accurate than controls. We provide first initial evidence for higher propensity of mind-wandering and mind-blanking using experience sampling in patients with formal ADHD diagnosis. This propensity was associated with sleepiness without negatively impacting attention performances. Mind-wandering and sleepiness have common determinants potentially involved in ADHD pathophysiology. Correlates of mind-blanking in ADHD adults remain to be characterized.

Aim To disentangle the respective impacts of manual dexterity and cerebral palsy (CP) in cognitive functioning after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke. Method The population included 60 children (21 females, 39 males) with neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke but not epilepsy. The presence of CP was assessed clinically at the age of 7 years and 2 months (range 6y 11mo-7y 8mo) using the definition of the Surveillance of CP in Europe network. Standardized tests (Nine-Hole Peg Test and Box and Blocks Test) were used to quantify manual (finger and hand respectively) dexterity. General cognitive functioning was evaluated with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition. Simple and multiple linear regression models were performed while controlling for socio-economic status, lesion side, and sex. Results Fifteen children were diagnosed with CP. In simple regression models, both manual dexterity and CP were associated with cognitive functioning (β=0.41 [p=0.002] and β=0.31 [p=0.019] respectively). However, in multiple regression models, manual dexterity was the only associated variable of cognitive functioning, whether or not a child had CP (β=0.35; p=0.007). This result was reproduced in models with other covariables (β=0.31; p=0.017). Interpretation As observed in typically developing children, manual dexterity is related to cognitive functioning in children having suffered a focal brain insult during the neonatal period. What this paper adds Manual dexterity predicts cognitive functioning after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke. Correlations between manual dexterity and cognitive functioning occur irrespective of sex, lesion side, presence of cerebral palsy, and socio-economic status. Residual motor ability may support cognitive functioning.

Background Changing health behaviors, such as smoking, unhealthy eating, inactivity, and alcohol abuse, may have a greater impact on population health than any curative strategy. One of the suggested strategies is the use of behavioral intervention technologies (BITs). They open up new opportunities in the area of prevention and therapy and have begun to show benefits in the durable change of health behaviors in patients or those at risk. A consensual and international paradigm was adopted by health authorities for drugs 50 years ago. It guides their development from research units to their authorization and surveillance. BITs’ generalization brings into question their upstream evaluation before being placed on the market and their downstream monitoring once on the market; this is especially the case in view of the marketing information provided by manufacturers and the scarcity and methodological limits of scientific studies on these tools. Objective This study aims to identify and categorize the frameworks for the validation and monitoring of BITs proposed in the literature. Methods We conducted a narrative literature review using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The review items included the following: name, publication year, name of the creator (ie, first author), country, funding organization, health focus, target group, and design (ie, linear, iterative, evolutive, and/or concurrent). The frameworks were then categorized based on (1) translational research thanks to a continuum of steps and (2) the three paradigms that may have inspired the frameworks: biomedical, engineering, and/or behavioral. Results We identified 46 frameworks besides the classic US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) five-phase drug development model. A total of 57% (26/46) of frameworks were created in the 2010s and 61% (28/46) involved the final user in an early and systematic way. A total of 4% (2/46) of frameworks had a linear-only sequence of their phases, 37% (17/46) had a linear and iterative structure, 33% (15/46) added an evolutive structure, and 24% (11/46) were associated with a parallel process. Only 12 out of 46 (26%) frameworks covered the continuum of steps and 12 (26%) relied on the three paradigms. Conclusions To date, 46 frameworks of BIT validation and surveillance coexist, besides the classic FDA five-phase drug development model, without the predominance of one of them or convergence in a consensual model. Their number has increased exponentially in the last three decades. Three dangerous scenarios are possible: (1) anarchic continuous development of BITs that depend on companies amalgamating health benefits and usability (ie, user experience, data security, and ergonomics) and limiting implementation to several countries; (2) the movement toward the type of framework for drug evaluation centered on establishing its effectiveness before marketing authorization to guarantee its safety for users, which is heavy and costly; and (3) the implementation of a framework reliant on big data analysis based on a posteriori research and an autoregulation of a market, but that does not address the safety risk for the health user, as the market will not regulate safety or efficacy issues. This paper recommends convergence toward an international validation and surveillance framework based on the specificities of BITs, not equivalent to medical devices, to guarantee their effectiveness and safety for users.

International audience; According to the ideomotor theory, action selection is done by the mental anticipation of its perceptual consequences. If the distal information processed mainly by vision and hearing are considered essential for the representation of the action, the proximal information processed by the sense of touch and proprioception is of less importance. Recent works seem to show the opposite. Nevertheless, it is necessary to complete these results by offering a situation, more ecological, where response and effect can occur on the same effector. So, the goal of our work was to implement a more relevant spatial correspondence because to touch is not the same action that to hear or to see. To do so, participants pressed a specific key after the presentation of a stimulus. The key vibrated depending on the pressure exerted on it. In a compatible condition, high pressure on a key triggered a high vibration, while in an incompatible condition high pressure triggered a low vibration on the same effectors. As expected, the response times were faster in the compatible condition than the incompatible condition. This means that proximal information participates actively in the selection of action.

OBJECTIVE Although impairments of long-term recall affect everyday life, they may be missed by standard delayed recall tests, which typically assess the ability to retain new information within a few minutes, without encompassing the consolidation process. We adapted a verbal memory test to evaluate long-term memory consolidation in healthy volunteers. METHOD A sample of 238 participants (M = 42.23 years old, SD = 16.45) was administered an adapted version of the French RL/RI-16 (Van der Linden & the members of GREMEM, 2004), the One-Week Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test-word version, in which special feature relies on a 30-min and a 1-week-delayed recall after encoding. We proposed normative data on 4 indicators, depending on participants' own performance during the test, to measure their encoding, storage and consolidation abilities, with a method using an ascendant step-by-step linear regression model and a percentile procedure. RESULTS Results showed a better performance in women than in men for encoding and cueing scores (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). We also highlighted an increase of the forgetting score according to the recall delay after encoding (30 min vs. 7 days; Z = 12.49, p < .001), the forgetting percentage 7 days after encoding being largely influenced by participants' age and gender (F[2, 236] = 248.1, p < .001; adjusted R2 = 67%). CONCLUSIONS This study emphasized the role of demographic factors on long-term memory consolidation. The demographically adjusted normative data we provide for the One-Week Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test-word version make it a sensitive tool for long-term memory consolidation assessment in clinical and forensic practice. (PsycINFO Database Record

International audience; BACKGROUND : The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score is a convenient and promising tool for estimating alcoholic patients' global cognitive functioning, a major challenge for all specialized alcohol treatment centers. However, whether or not the score should be corrected for education level and whether the proposed cutoff is relevant in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) should be determined.METHODS : We compared the MoCA scores in patients hospitalized for AUD with and without cognitive impairment assessed by a battery of neuropsychological (NP) tests. Sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff of the MoCA score were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS : Thirty-one patients with and 25 without cognitive impairment were included in the study. There were 40 men and 16 women, with a mean age of 49.5 years. The mean uncorrected MoCA score was 23.1 ± 3.3 in those with and 27.0 ± 1.9 in those without cognitive impairment. NP tests were significantly correlated with the MoCA score. Uncorrected MoCA scores identified more than 80% of the patients with a cutoff score equal to 26, to obtain similar accuracy with the corrected score required using a cutoff score equal to 27.CONCLUSIONS : Our results confirm that the MoCA test is a convenient and reliable screening tool to measure cognition defects in alcoholic patients. As using the 1-point education adjustment increases the cutoff score by 1 point, it is suggested to use the noncorrected score and the usual cutoff, that is, 26. Being easy to administer and only moderately time-consuming, the MoCA score should be used extensively in addiction treatment centers.

International audience; Study Objectives: Despite the high comorbidity of insomnia disorder (ID) with multiple sclerosis (MS), the relevance of psychological processes involved in the maintenance of insomnia is yet to be established in this neurological disorder. This study aimed to ascertain to what extent the suggested emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes maintaining insomnia are relevant in people with insomnia and MS. Methods: A between-subjects design was used to compare 26 patients with insomnia and MS, with 31 patients with MS only, and with 26 matched neurological disease-free individuals with insomnia. All patients participated in a standardized clinical interview and completed a battery of self-reported measures of cognitive and somatic presleep arousal experienced at bedtime, sleep- or insomnia-related unhelpful beliefs, and sleep-related safety behaviors. All patients with MS underwent a neurological examination. Results: ID comorbid to MS was strongly associated with increased levels of cognitive and somatic arousal, higher endorsement of dysfunctional beliefs about the consequences of insomnia on daytime functioning, and worry about insomnia and more frequent engagement in sleep-related safety behaviors. Patients with MS with ID did not differ from neurological disease-free individuals with insomnia on these measures. No link was found between MS clinical peculiarities and ID diagnosis. Conclusions: ID comorbid to MS is associated with the classical psychological factors perpetuating ID in neurological disease-free individuals with insomnia. Primary care providers and neurologists should consider target-oriented therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia as a treatment approach for ID comorbid to MS.

International audience; OBJECTIVE:Frequent Attenders (FAs) have high rates of both common mental disorders (CMD) and physical disorders, partly justifying this service use behaviour. This study examines both case and non-case concordance between CMDs as estimated by a self-report screening questionnaire and as rated by the general practitioner (GP), in FAs compared to Other Attenders (OAs).METHODS:2275 patients of an overlapping sample of 55 GPs from 2 surveys performed 10 years apart, completed in the waiting room the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and Client Service Receipt Inventory on 6-month service use. For each patient, the GP rated mental health on a 0-4 scale, with a clear indication that scores of 2 and above referred to caseness. PHQ-CMDs included major and other depressive, anxiety, panic, and somatoform disorders, identified using the original PHQ DSM-IV criteria-based algorithms. FA was defined as the top 10% of attenders in age, sex and survey-year stratified subgroups.RESULTS:FAs had higher rates of PHQ-CMDs (42% versus 23% for OAs, p

International audience; Despite the increasing number of researchers interested in self-face, so far, no study has summarized the behavioral findings that contribute to the debate on self-face advantage. Most studies have focused on neural correlates of the self, although functional uniqueness can also be considered an important criterion for determining whether a stimulus is unique. The present meta-analysis systematically compared reaction time (RT) responses for self-face with other face identities across 54 studies. Different moderator factors were tested: familiarity, identity, head angle, laterality, and culture. We used a three-level meta-analytic approach, which is the best approach to account for the dependency of effect sizes. Results showed a significant (Hedges’s gav = −0.298) effect size, indicating faster RT for self-face than for other faces in general. Except for culture, none of the moderators employed significantly impacted on the main effect. Regarding culture, results showed that participants from Western cultures tend to respond faster to their own face than to other people’s faces, while for participants from Eastern cultures, the effect was not significant. In summary, our results indicate that the self-face benefits from an advantage in terms of reaction time and may be considered a unique stimulus. Implications and limitations of the results are discussed.