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Let G = (V, E) be a connected graph. A topological invariant named KG-Sombor index was introduced by V. R. Kulli, defined as KG = KG(G) = ∑ue√ d(u) ² + d(e) ², where ∑ ue indicates summation over vertices u ∈ V (G) and the edges e ∈ E(G) that are incident to u. In this paper, we extend the KG-Sombor index of simple graphs to graph with self loops. We study some properties of KG-Sombor eigenvalues and few bounds for KG-Sombor energy of graphs with self loops and KG-Sombor characteristic polynomial of graphs with self loops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work has been performed on a fully automated approach for the general categorization of documents based on a training set of document titles and abstracts and journal-level indexing of the journals in which the documents are published. The goal of this research is to automatically index documents using a consistent, timely set of controlled indexing terms. (Author/AEF)

This research is concerned with reusing texts produced by audio describers as a source for automatically deriving shot-level indexing for film and video products. Results reinforce the notion that audio description is not sufficient on its own as a source for generating an index to the image, but it is valuable because it describes what is going on in the picture. (Author/AEF)

Whereas period life expectancy constitutes an intuitive indicator of the survival conditions prevailing at a particular period, this paper argues that, given the existence of welfare interdependencies, that widespread indicator is nonetheless an incomplete measure of the longevity achievements relevant for human well-being. The central importance of coexistence for human-beings implies that usual life expectancy measures should be complemented by joint life expectancy indicators, which measure the average coexistence time under particular survival conditions. After a study of the theoretical foundations of ‘single’ and ‘joint’ life expectancy indicators, it is shown that joint life expectancy measures tend to enrich significantly the comparison of longevity achievements across countries and periods. Moreover, the introduction of joint life expectancy indicators—as a complement to conventional life expectancy measures—into multi-variable indexes such as the United Nations’ HDI is also shown to affect international rankings of standards of living to a non negligible extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out a series of awareness tasks for introducing English-as-a-Second-Language teachers to English language corpora and concordances. The aim of the task is to make teachers more critical of how English is described and presented in course materials and to show them that corpora are a good resource for language investigation. (Author/JL)

A French-language version of stock footage videotapes from previous research (using English-language data) was prepared, using the same images. The most popular terms identified in each of the two studies for each of the shots are compared, to determine the rate of correspondence between potential indexing terms in each language. (Author/AEF)

One of the most promising avenues of research in computer-assisted language learning is the potential for language learners to make use of language corpora. However, using a corpus requires use of a corpus tool as an interface, typically a concordancer. How such a tool can be made most accessible to learners is an important issue. Specifically, there have been suggestions that language learners should not be following corpus linguistic patterns of concordance use when using concordancers. As such, it is important to examine the extent to which there are different prototypical orientations to concordance use, orientations that can provide models of use for learners to follow. This paper reports a study that provides empirical evidence of correlations between different classifications of concordance user and concordancing preferences. It derives factor scores from a factor analysis of 181 concordance users and uses a series of MANOVA tests to identify statistically significant differences between these scores for different classifications of the respondents. The main dimensions of these differences are then explored through discriminant function analysis. The analyses reveal correlations between different levels of three of the four criteria users were classified by: frequency of concordance use, language of concordance use and field of concordance use. The results suggest two main models of concordance use marked by different concordancing preferences: analysis type concordance use and reference type concordance use.

This paper examines how intercultural communication (ICC) and the notion of culture are framed in on-line promotional discourse of higher education (HE) ICC courses. It analyses a specialised corpus comprised of 14,842 words from 43 course websites of master's programmes in ICC in the UK and the US--internationally, the two largest providers of such programmes. Through combining corpus tools with a "situated meaning" approach, the analysis reveals that while a small number of courses acknowledge cultural "complexity", culture is still very often reduced to an essentialised and static notion, despite growing criticism against such an approach in ICC literature. ICC is valorised as a combination of desirable skills and knowledge conducive to effective communication of different cultural groups and for those working in international arenas. Significant differences between the UK and US courses are identified with regard to the extent of associations with diversity-related social categories. The lack of interpretive, critical, and constructivist positions on culture in promotional discourse is discussed in the context of neoliberal discourse and the current thinking towards professional competences dominant in Britain, North America, and other parts of the world.

This paper studies the downlink of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) in which a centralized processor (CP) communicates with mobile users through base stations (BSs) that are connected to the CP via finite-capacity fronthaul links. Information theoretically, the downlink of a C-RAN is modeled as a two-hop broadcast-relay network. Among the various transmission and relaying strategies for such model, this paper focuses on the compression strategy, in which the CP centrally encodes the signals to be broadcast jointly by the BSs, then compresses and sends these signals to the BSs through the fronthaul links. We characterize an achievable rate region for a generalized compression strategy with Marton’s multicoding for broadcasting and multivariate compression for fronthaul transmission. We then compare this rate region with the distributed decode-forward (DDF) scheme, which achieves the capacity of the general relay networks to within a constant gap, and show that the difference lies in that DDF performs Marton’s multicoding and multivariate compression jointly as opposed to successively as in the compression strategy. A main result of this paper is that under the assumption that the fronthaul links are subject to a sum capacity constraint, this difference is immaterial; so, for the Gaussian network, the compression strategy based on successive encoding can already achieve the capacity region of the C-RAN to within a constant gap, where the gap is independent of the channel parameters and the power constraints at the BSs. As a further result, for C-RAN under individual fronthaul constraints, this paper also establishes that the compression strategy can achieve to within a constant gap to the sum capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have been developed rapidly over the last few decades because of global urbanization and industrialization. ITS involve a wide range of different technologies and applications such as automatic road enforcement, dynamic traffic light sequence, and as a result, a significant number of scientific papers have been published in the field of ITS. In this paper, we present a useful insight into the development of ITS area by systematically analyzing the publications over the period of 20 years. First, we identify the most cited papers and most impactful authors in the field. Second, in the aspect of topic analysis, we identify some active keywords. To do so, we develop a keyword co-occurrence network to find topics in the ITS field. Finally, for the collaboration pattern analysis, we construct two networks to interpret collaboration patterns, including a co-authorship network, and an author co-keyword network to show the development and research tendency of ITS. Some most interesting findings from our investigation include the following: 1) Besides the USA, China and Europe have begun to play an increasingly significant role in this field and 2) GPS, traffic control, and road safety show an upward trend from the analysis of the evolution of ITS research topics, given the rise of new research areas such as autonomous vehicles. Our first-hand investigation and analysis of the literature provides a valuable reference to research activities in the development of ITS field and presents worthy insights on the current status and future technical trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many applications, top-k query is an important operation to return a set of interesting points in a potentially huge data space. It is analyzed in this paper that the existing algorithms cannot process top- k query on massive data efficiently. This paper proposes a novel table-scan-based T2S algorithm to efficiently compute top-k results on massive data. T2S first constructs the presorted table, whose tuples are arranged in the order of the round-robin retrieval on the sorted lists. T2S maintains only fixed number of tuples to compute results. The early termination checking for T2S is presented in this paper, along with the analysis of scan depth. The selective retrieval is devised to skip the tuples in the presorted table which are not top-k results. The theoretical analysis proves that selective retrieval can reduce the number of the retrieved tuples significantly. The construction and incremental-update/batch-processing methods for the used structures are proposed in this paper. The extensive experimental results, conducted on synthetic and real-life data sets, show that T2S has a significant advantage over the existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Load profile classification is very important in load forecast, planning and management. Although customers are generally grouped by utilities into residential, commercial classes and respective subclasses, there is a lack of systematic framework that can be used to characterize different classes with signatures that are both human-readable and machine-readable. The work presented in this paper attempts to formulate the theoretical framework for customer classification using the annual load profiles. This paper demonstrates how to extract characteristic attributes in frequency domain (CAFD) and use these CAFDs to formulate a hierarchy of load profiles that can be used as the systematic framework for customer load classification. As signatures for customer classes and subclasses, the CAFDs are obtained by using a data mining method called CART (classification and regression tree). The paper presents a load profile classification test to establish the efficacy of the proposed approach which is significant improvement over current practices that provide mostly qualitative labeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussion of online catalogs focuses on issues in interface design. Issues addressed include understanding the user base; common user access (CUA) with personal computers; common command language (CCL); hyperlinks; screen design issues; differences from card catalogs; indexes; graphic user interfaces (GUIs); color; online help; and remote users. (LRW)

Describes a survey of science and engineering faculty at the University of Illinois at Chicago that investigated their use of paper and electronic services that offer bibliographic access to research literature. The impact of the availability of locally mounted databases is discussed, and directions for future research are suggested. (eight references) (LRW)

This paper describes a test compaction procedure that combines the advantages of using multicycle tests for test compaction with the advantages of using both broadside and skewed-load tests for increasing the fault coverage and achieving test compaction. The procedure is the first to combine these two concepts in a single procedure. The combination is made possible by a definition of a multicycle skewed-load test that is suggested in this paper, and complements the definition of a multicycle broadside test. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of multicycle broadside and skewed-load tests in achieving test compaction for benchmark circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]