4 results on '"Orset, Caroline"'
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2. Coping with Private Lobbies in Industrial and Product Safety Regulation: A Literature Survey.
- Author
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Jacob, Julien and Orset, Caroline
- Subjects
SAFETY regulations ,INDUSTRIAL goods ,PRODUCT safety ,LOBBYING ,MARKETING ,PRIVATE security services ,INDUSTRIAL safety - Abstract
This literature review sheds light on the role of marketing authorisations and liabilities in controlling industry lobby behaviour aimed at enhancing the lobbyists' private interest to the detriment of the public interest. We present two political tools available to public authorities, marketing authorisation and liabilities (civil and criminal) to regulate firms that market products that could be harmful to society. We draw on the economic literature and contributions that study how these policy tools can be used to achieve three main objectives: providing incentives for risk mitigation, fostering innovation and the acquisition of information on unclear risks, and avoiding collusion between public bodies and the companies being regulated. We conclude with a brief discussion of the areas that require more in-depth research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Health, environment, risk and uncertainty: analysis of individuals’ behaviours and firms’ investments
- Author
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ORSET, Caroline, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris X - Nanterre, Marc Baudry, Jean-Marc Bourgeon, Meglena Jeleva, Bernard Sinclair Desgagné, Jean-Christophe Vergnaud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense
- Subjects
uncertainty ,investissement ,Comportement ,health ,investment ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,environnement ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,incertitude ,information ,risque ,Behaviour ,lobby ,santé ,environment ,public policies ,politiques publiques ,risk - Abstract
This thesis for the accreditation to supervise research presents my work from 2011 to 2018,which focused on the individuals’ behaviours faced with a risk and the innovative firms’ in-vestments. First, the individual’s behaviour is estimated from the stated preference methods.The impact of information and several tax and regulatory devices (tax, subsidy and standard)is then examined in order to determine public health and/or environmental policies that areeffective in encouraging individuals to adopt behaviour that reduces the risk studied. Threerisks are analyzed : setting up home confinement to fight against an influenza epidemic ; theuse of plastic water bottles generating pollution and waste ; and the use of vehicles with highgreenhouse gas emissions increasing air pollution. Then, using the theory of real options andBayesian methods, the behaviour of innovative firms in their investment choices (reversibleor irreversible), acquisition of information and communication (lobbying) is studied. The im-portance of the firm’s leadership preferences, the effect of the precautionary principle and theliability rules on these choices, as well as the demand uncertainty and ambiguity on the levelof market competition, are then deepened; Ce mémoire d’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches présente mes travaux de 2011 à 2018qui ont porté sur les comportements des individus face à un risque et sur les choix d’investissement des entreprises innovantes. Tout d’abord, le comportement individuel est estimé à partir des méthodes de préférences déclarées. L’impact de l’information et de plusieurs dispositifs fiscaux et réglementaires (taxe, subvention et norme) est alors examiné afin de déterminer les politiques publiques de santé et/ou environnementales efficaces pour inciter les individus à adopter un comportement réduisant le risque étudié. Trois comportements affectant l’exposition au risque sont analysés : la mise en place du confinement à domicile afin de lutter contre une épidémie de grippe ; l’utilisation de bouteilles d’eau en plastique générant de la pollution et des déchets ; et l’usage de véhicules à fortes émissions de gaz à effet de serre accroissant la pollution de l’air. Ensuite, le comportement des entreprises innovantes dans leurs choix d’investissement(réversible ou irréversible), d’acquisition d’information et de communication (lobbying) est étudié en utilisant la théorie des options réelles et les méthodes bayésiennes. L’importance des préférences des dirigeants de ces entreprises, l’effet du principe de précaution et des règles de responsabilité sur ces choix, ainsi que celui de l’incertitude sur la demande et de l’ambiguïté sur le niveau de concurrence du marché, sont alors approfondis.
- Published
- 2018
4. The Political Economy of Scientific Uncertainty: how communication campaigns are affected by scientific uncertainty?
- Author
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Orset, Caroline, Bramoullé, Yann, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Economics, Université Laval, Université Laval, Econometric Society, Canadian Economics Association, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and EAERE, European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
- Subjects
JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making/D.D7.D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior ,Incertitude scientifique ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness ,Lobby ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information • Mechanism Design ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q58 - Government Policy ,Campagne de communication - Abstract
International audience; We consider an industry organized as a lobby group whose activity generates pollution. This pollution may create damages. Scientists are unsure about the level of harm it might cause, and they can do research to reduce their uncertainty. The government may be benevolent, but populist. The industry wants to avoid being regulated. It can engage in costly communication efforts to affect public beliefs on the negative outcome. However, the effectiveness of the communication efforts depends on the level of scientific uncertainty. We find that there exists a certain level of scientific uncertainty above which the lobby communicates in order to influence the people's beliefs, and so the government's regulation. The more uncertain the science, the easier it is for the lobby to affect people's beliefs. Finally, we discuss about the possibility of government's research subvention to decrease this impact.
- Published
- 2013
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