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Cell temperature monitoring is of great importance to uncover temperature-dependent intracellular events and regulate cellular functions. However, it remains a great challenge to precisely probe the localized temperature status in living cells. Herein, we report a strategy for in situ temperature mapping on an immune cell membrane for the first time, which was achieved by using the lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles. The nanothermometer was designed to label the cell membrane by combining metabolic labeling and click chemistry and can leverage ratiometric upconversion luminescence signals to in situ sensitively monitor temperature variation (1.4% K

Current X-ray imaging technologies involving flat-panel detectors have difficulty in imaging three-dimensional objects because fabrication of large-area, flexible, silicon-based photodetectors on highly curved surfaces remains a challenge1–3. Here we demonstrate ultralong-lived X-ray trapping for flat-panel-free, high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging using a series of solution-processable, lanthanide-doped nanoscintillators. Corroborated by quantum mechanical simulations of defect formation and electronic structures, our experimental characterizations reveal that slow hopping of trapped electrons due to radiation-triggered anionic migration in host lattices can induce more than 30 days of persistent radioluminescence. We further demonstrate X-ray luminescence extension imaging with resolution greater than 20 line pairs per millimetre and optical memory longer than 15 days. These findings provide insight into mechanisms underlying X-ray energy conversion through enduring electron trapping and offer a paradigm to motivate future research in wearable X-ray detectors for patient-centred radiography and mammography, imaging-guided therapeutics, high-energy physics and deep learning in radiology. Using lanthanide-doped nanomaterials and flexible substrates, an approach that enables flat-panel-free, high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging is demonstrated and termed X-ray luminescence extension imaging.

Ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are emerging as promising luminescent nanoprobes for bioimaging due to their fantastic photoluminescence (PL) and renal-clearable ability. However, it remains a great challenge to design them for in vivo sensitive molecular imaging in desired tissues. Herein, we have developed a strategy to tailor the PL and biofate of near-infrared II (NIR-II)-emitting AuNCs via ligand anchoring for improved bioimaging. By optimizing the ligand types in AuNCs and using Er

： Colloidal nanocrystal scintillators hold great potential in fabricating large-area, flexible X-ray detectors for high-resolution X-ray imaging of highly curved, irregularly shaped objects. The synthesis of high-efficiency, high-stability nanoscintillators is of great importance for the development of X-ray imaging detectors. In this study, we develop a class of cerium (Ce3+)-sensitized core-shell nanoscintillators that are suitable for achieving flexible X-ray luminescence imaging. We demonstrate that an epitaxial growth of NaGdF4:Ce(60%) on the surface of NaGdF4:Eu(15%) nanoscintillators as a sensitization layer allows for enhancing X-ray-induced radioluminescence. We reveal that the enhancement of X-ray luminescence in nanoscintillators could be attributed to the synergistic effect of high-Z composition-induced X-ray absorption, Ce3+ sensitization, and surface passivation to relieve energy quenching. By incorporating the nanoscintillators into a flexible elastomer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), we demonstrate its utility in high-resolution flexible X-ray luminescence imaging.