Search

Kapikule border crossing, connecting Turkey to Bulgaria, is one of the largest customs gates at Europe via road transportation. Although it has a high capacity and large land area, there occurs long delays in the custom services due to inefficient operations resulting with long queues of trucks and long service times. To overcome this problem, in this study we investigated the strategies that could be implemented to increase the efficiency of the Kapikule border crossing. In-depth interviews were conducted with the Kapikule customs gate authorities to determine the process flows. The current situation at the gate was analysed using discrete event simulation. Furthermore, several improvement scenarios were tested to identify those that will have the highest impact on reducing the queues and delays at the border. As a result, specific suggestions were delivered for the import and export processes. According to the results, Turkey's export to European countries by road is expected to increase by at least 5% by the suggested improvements made at the Kapikule Border. International Transporters' Association of Turkey This study is supported by the International Transporters' Associa-tion of Turkey (UND-Uluslararas Nakliyeciler DerThis study is sup-ported by the International Transporters' Association of Turkey (UND-Uluslararas Nakliyeciler Dernegi) . We are grateful to the Kapkule Border Crossing authorities for their cooperation.

This article, by using general scientific methods, presents the main issues and ways to improve the appropriate technical equipment of state border crossing points, legal responsibilities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the main results of operational activities to combat the illegal movement of radioactive materials and objects across the state border. The article shows the results of international cooperation and the implementation of international technical assistance projects by the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on improving the system of prevention of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials and objects. Furthermore, the article examines the main responsibilities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on ensuring radiation safety, which affects the real needs of equipping the state border guard bodies with the necessary technical tools. It is indicated that the detection of suspicious objects at state border crossing points may be limited to detection of exceeding the permissible radiation level without details about its kind with their further transfer to specially authorised state authorities of Ukraine for detailed examination. It is essential to note the need to improve the legal regulation of illegal trafficking of materials and objects that are hazardous radioactive sources across the state border considering negative economic and social consequences to the person, society, state and international community. There is an urgent need for well-defined regulation regarding the radiation materials and objects to prevent their movement across the state border without obtaining a special permit. Taking into account the need to reduce the budget expenditure of the border agency, this article provides recommendations to determine the purpose of the state re-equipment program of state border crossing points with modern tools for detection of radiation sources.

W latach 1881–1914 z Imperium Rosyjskiego wyemigrowały 2 mln Żydów, z których 78 proc. osiedliło się w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Artykuł skupia się na lokalnym wymiarze wielkiej migracji. Jako studium przypadku wybrano dwie miejscowości na Podlasiu (Bielsk i Orlę), w większości zamieszkiwane przez Żydów. Podjęto próbę oszacowania poziomu migracji żydowskiej oraz pokazania jej anatomii, w tym kwestii związanych z uzyskiwaniem paszportu, nielegalnym przekraczaniem granicy i stosunkiem władz do exodusu Żydów.

In a new scenario of theoretical and critical productions of contemporary art, redefined by global flows and the mobility of genres, disciplines and methodologies, there is a need to create new tools for interpreting artistic practices. Theorists from various disciplinary fields such as Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, Édouard Glissant, Fernando Ortiz, Walter Mignolo, Gloria Anzaldúa, and Gerardo Mosquera among others have created a resistance narrative to deconstruct the modernist strategies ofsamenessthattraditional social sciences have imagined as solid and immovable (nation, class, political-ideological ascription). Art theories immersed in post-structuralism - with frequent incursions into postmodernism and post-colonialism - are indebted to these conceptual positions and reveal their interest in resisting the ethnocentric and universalist project of Modernity. Mexican artists Teresa Margolles and Guillermo Gómez-Peña, generating an identity and cultural mobility in this post-national, post-historical and post-colonial scenario, are significant case studies to understand the paradigm shift that dominates much of the current artistic production, especially in border contexts. En el nuevo escenario de la producción teórica y crítica del arte contemporáneo, redefinido por los flujos globales y la movilidad de géneros, disciplinas, comportamientos y metodologías, surge la necesidad de crear nuevas herramientas de interpretación de las prácticas artísticas. Teóricos de varios ámbitos disciplinares como Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, Édouard Glissant, Fernando Ortiz, Walter Mignolo, Gloria Anzaldúa, entre otros, han creado una narrativa de resistencia para deconstruir las estrategias modernistas de igualdad que las ciencias sociales tradicionales han imaginado como sólidas e inamovibles (la nación, la clase, la adscripción político-ideológica). Las teorías del arte sumergidas en el posestructuralismo —con frecuentes incursiones hacia el posmodernismo y el poscolonialismo— son deudoras de estas posiciones conceptuales y revelan el interés hacia la resistencia en contra del proyecto etnocéntrico y universalista de la modernidad. Los artistas mexicanos Teresa Margolles y Guillermo Gómez-Peña, generando una movilidad identitaria y cultural en este escenario posnacional, poshistórico y poscolonial, significan casos de estudio significativos para entender el cambio de paradigma que domina buena parte de la producción artística actual, sobre todo en contextos fronterizos.

Is your name “yours”? Are you free to choose a name for yourself? Does a name withstand border crossing and even the acquisition of new citizenships? In the common law world, the unequivocal answer is yes. However, in civil law, this answer is not so clear. While the global tendency over the last few decades has been towards relaxing the norms governing names, old traditions die hard, and in some cases now re-emerge in other parts of the world. In an ever more globalized world, given widespread immigration, refugees, and people with dual (or even multiple) citizenship, the different national attitudes towards names and the lack of proper cross-border regulation of names is becoming a relevant and pressing question. This Article maps out and conceptualizes the challenge of names by demonstrating the different approaches toward names and suggesting possible cross-border regulation (i.e., choice-of-law rules) that would address this issue for the benefit of the individuals and countries involved.

Though cinema is often defined by national and culture-specific influences, in a highly interconnected global world it is near to impossible for a film to be fully bound to one place. Indeed, cinema almost always exists in relation to a wide array of international forebearers as well as contemporaries dialoguing with and building upon one another. The idea of a purely national cinema is further complicated when taking into consideration that a large percentage of movies are indeed distributed, produced and screened all over the world, in the process not only being made accessible but also, to different extents, made comprehensible to a variety of cultural differences.

Writing a screenplay is hard. From my own experiences in practice and lecturing, I am confident in saying that the majority of those who have written screenplays, whether successfully or not, would agree. So why would we undertake this arduous task? For the sake of the story. It is widely accepted that there is a story in all of us; a uniqueness that relates directly to our individuality of experiencing the world as we see it. The hard part is how we tease and filter this on to the page in a way that engages others. There are a myriad of “how to guides” promising screenwriters the magic formula to ensure their script has every chance of provoking a bidding war amongst Hollywood productions. Unfortunately, as many of us have discovered, there is no magic formula. Thankfully, Chapman University’s Paul Joseph Gulino, screenwriting professor, and Connie Shears, cognitive psychologist, have presented an interdisciplinary approach to screenwriting that retires magic and, instead, employs science in their book The Science of Screenwriting: The Neuroscience Behind Storytelling Strategies.

The use of multiple languages in movies often involves negative stereotyping of characters belonging to a minority represented in those films. This is the case with some Hollywood films in which Spanish is associated with exotic or dangerous characters, confirming persistently the dominant position of the English language. In the documentary 389 Miles: Living the Border (2009) the linguistic and cultural impact of migration is seen from quite a different perspective. Whereas most of the documentaries dealing with the Mexican-American border are predominantly in English, possibly with Spanish subtitles, or mainly in Spanish with English subtitles, in 389 Miles both languages are used equally. The narrator tells the story in English, but he uses both languages in the interviews. There are also a few characters who switch from English to Spanish. The aim of this article is threefold: in a first instance, it seeks to examine the documentary with the use of some basic concepts of Polysystem Theory. The second objective is to explore language diversity. In a third instance, this article aims to shed more light on two powerful Mexican symbols: viz. the Virgin of Guadalupe and the wrestler mask. The final objective is to find out how bilingualism in documentaries changes our perception on other cultures, border crossing and migration. A utilização de múltiplas línguas nos filmes envolve frequentemente a estereotipagem negativa de personagens pertencentes à uma minoria representada nesses filmes. É o caso de alguns filmes de Hollywood em que o espanhol está associado a personagens exóticos ou perigosos, confirmando de forma persistente a posição dominante da língua inglesa. No documentário 389 Miles: Living the Border (2009), o impacto linguístico e cultural da migração é visto de uma perspectiva bastante diferente. Enquanto a maioria dos documentários sobre a fronteira méxico-americana é predominantemente em inglês, possivelmente com legendas em espanhol, ou principalmente em espanhol com legendas em inglês, em 389 Miles ambas as línguas são utilizadas de forma igual. O narrador conta a história em inglês, mas utiliza ambas as línguas nas entrevistas. Há também alguns personagens que mudam do inglês para o espanhol. O objetivo deste artigo é triplo: numa primeira instância, procura examinar o documentário com o uso de alguns conceitos básicos da Teoria dos Polissistemas. O segundo objetivo é explorar a diversidade linguística. Numa terceira instância, este artigo pretende lançar mais luz sobre dois poderosos símbolos mexicanos: a Virgem de Guadalupe e a máscara do lutador. O objetivo final é descobrir como o bilinguismo nos documentários muda a nossa percepção sobre outras culturas, a travessia de fronteiras e a migração.

This article focuses on the interplay of (de)marginalization and identity building among evangelical Roma in Estonia and Latvia. The evangelization of the Roma, who are traditionally Orthodox, Luth...

This article engages with the way in which Korean picture brides imagined themselves emotionally in connection with their affective route toward survival and a spirit of liberation in early twentieth-century Hawaii. Exploring the implication of border-crossing as a framework for understanding the dynamics of the brides’ lives, from their decisions to become picture brides to engagement with anti-Japanese activities, this article focuses on how a variety of border-crossings formulate these women’s consciousness in that their act of border-crossing prompted the shaping of an imagined citizenship of Korea. In doing so, this article offers a new methodology for understanding the Korean picture brides’ lives in relation to a more complex dynamic of their emotional experience, the formulation of alternative citizenship, and the construction of modern subjects, thereby contributing to transpacific histories of women’s mobility.

Rooted in ethnographic research on transitory people in Ecuador and the United States, Detain and Deport renders the intricate and chaotic nature of national border crossing. Seeking to ‘illuminate...

Drawing on random surveys of over 1,100 recently repatriated unauthorized Mexican migrants (the Migrant Border Crossing Study), we examine the relationships between individual-level factors and una...

Today, both Lithuania and Latvia are part of the Schengen Area, which means their citizens can freely travel between these states. The situation was different during the interwar years: the border between these Baltic Republics was strictly guarded, and traveling abroad was more complex. However, the order crossing for local residents of the border area was simplified by the local border traffic regime agreed upon by both countries. This paper aims to explore the evolution of Lithuanian-Latvian local border traffic policy in the interwar period and its impact on locals (primarily on Lithuania’s side). In the first few years after the establishment of the new states, border crossings for residents of Lithuania’s border area were regulated by internal state legislation. Initially, people were devastated by the requirement to cross the border only at sparsely placed border crossing points, the restrictions on trade, and the radical reduction of the border area. After the peaceful settlement of the Lithuanian-Latvian border in 1921, newly signed bilateral treaties began to solve the crucial problems of the locals. However, there were instances of bilateral friction and various incidents; authoritarian state structures also had reservations based on the issue of potentially unfavorable foreign influences. The breakthrough in the diplomatic relations between Lithuania and Latvia in the 1930s saw a new level of liberalization of the local border traffic policy. A positive impact was widely felt among the locals. However, certain economic concerns made this new policy short-lived. In the interwar years, grievances and discontent toward the new border relations were gradually replaced by acceptance and adaptation. Bilateral cooperation made it possible to react to and suit the needs of the people. The overall Lithuanian-Latvian local border traffic regime showed a tendency of liberalization over time, a process which was curtailed by certain political and economic realities and considerations.

The subculture of science has ‘borders’ that many find difficult to negotiate. These borders become more complex the further understandings of science are from traditional western perspectives. This paper examines the experiences of two western pre-service teachers' teaching science in a non-western context --the Cook Islands-- using data gathered through interviews and learning logs. The lens of ‘border crossing’ has been used to make sense of these teachers' learning to teach experiences as it provides insights into the ways in which the participants negotiated such crossings over time. This research highlights the importance of recognising the positive interactions and potential for diverse experiences within a cultural context.

Since the beginning of 2010s, the movement of unaccompanied minors from Eritrea has significantly increased and has become the object of international concern. This migration is often explained by media and humanitarian actors as the mechanical reaction to recent conscription campaigns by the Eritrean government. However, these explanations fail to consider that young people's mobilities emerge from a context of protracted crisis. Building on the literature on chronicity and crisis in the African context, this article examines what it means to be young in Eritrea and how it relates to the motivations for and the dynamics of youth migration from the country. Drawing from a multi-sited ethnography in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Sudan, the article points to the active role of young migrants – even minors – escaping from contexts of protracted crisis. While analysing the structural constraints faced by Eritrean girls and boys, I first show how migration in this context is often seen as a crucial step to reaching adulthood that has significant gender differences. Then, I explore the interactions between family expectations and individual agency by analysing my informants’ mobility patterns outside Eritrea and in secondary movements towards Europe. While most available literature tends to portray young migrants’ trajectories as the result of structural circumstances or family projects, I illustrate how many of my informants often undertook their journeys without family consensus to pursue personal aspirations as well as communal values regarding moral worthiness and family well-being.

Differences in cultural consumption are well recognized as potential forces for changing the cultural identity of consumers. Based on this logic, our hypothesis posits that Chinese readers, who comprise the largest fan community of Japanese comics/anime, are culturally influenced by this foreign product. To examine this hypothesis, we question whether the global values and worldviews of freedom, peaceful coexistence, justice, companionship, and humanity, which are embedded in Japanese comics/anime, influence the values and ideology of Chinese readers. This study was aimed to examine the reading strategies and patterns in legally or illegally imported border-crossing cultural products to assess the potential cultural impact of their consumption on young Chinese readers. Their differences in passion could affect their devotion, their identity, and their worldviews. In this study, focus groups in Japan and China, in-depth interviews, and textual analyses of Japanese comic/amine were conducted to examine the reading, fandom, and cultural impact of comics/anime on Chinese urban youth. The significance of this study is that it explores new models of active reading that affect the long-term shape of and changes in the values and identities of Chinese youth. The findings of this study shed light on whether imported cultural products could transform, change, and dilute the ideologies of the state and nationalism, thereby allowing new and alternative imaginings of values and global citizenship, which are emerging areas of interest in global communication studies.

The article deals with the description of the peculiarities of pedagogical experiment concerning the assessment of the readiness formation of junior inspectors of the border guard service for professional activity at international border crossing points on the basis of grounded criteria, indicators and levels of their formation. Based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical and methodological literature, study of practice and generalization of their own professional experience, the authors found out that the criteria for readiness formation of junior inspectors of the border guard service for professional activity at international border crossing points are motivational, psychological and activity ones. It was defined that the pedagogical conditions of the readiness formation of junior inspectors of the border guard service for professional activities at international border crossing points, which were developed by the authors and implemented in the process of training at the Main Personnel Training Center of the State Border Guard Service (SBGS) of Ukraine in general positively influenced their level of readiness formation for professional activity at international border crossing points.

Travellers’ discourses thrive on anecdotes. According to Stephen Greenblatt, they interpose between a series of similar, narrow experiences and a wider pattern they may indicate. This analysis deciphers how an anecdote from Passenger to Teheran (1926), the travelogue written by Vita Sackville-West, is not just an isolated flash but can indicate larger representational strategies. In her epic journey Vita Sackville-West travelled from London to Egypt, India, Persia, and then back to England, through Russia, Poland and Prussia; by boat, train and car. In the episode which is subject to a detailed analysis, the travellers were stopped at the Polish–East Prussian border and forced to leave the train. The consequences of what could be just an anecdote about an “unwelcome incident”, reverberate – as it turns out – far beyond the incidental because what is at stake at almost every border incident is a socio–political, geo–political, military and ideological reality. No matter whether such events are presented as adventures or in all seriousness, each border trouble has consequences beyond any “local moment”. To disclose some of the less obvious implications of the Polish–Prussian passage in Vita Sackville-West’s book is the aim of this essay.

This study is an attempt to understand the plight of paid Filipino male live-in caregivers in Toronto. Caregiving has historically been associated with women. Today, live-in caregiving is normalised as Filipino women’s work. Cultures, language and policies promote this gendering. What happens when a Filipino man decides to undertake paid live-in caregiving? This study wants to understand the trajectories that surround caregiving and masculinity; particularly looking at paid Filipino immigrant man. By invoking trans-nationality and border crossing, this study lays bare issues of masculinity and paid caregiving in Toronto.

This chapter applied the intermodal container cargo flow simulation model to Central America. Because it consists of several small countries but has two coastlines with different characteristics in the maritime shipping network, many container flows across national borders can be observed. After confirming that the outputs estimated from the model agreed well with the observed data, three kinds of simulations were examined that focused on La Union port, a new container terminal in El Salvador. The first simulation showed that the model can reproduce well the observed annual container throughput in La Union port if a new service were to call at the port. Then, the future annual throughput for La Union port was forecast for each possible scenario of the liner service network calling at the port, under the condition of the annual throughput in Acajutla port being capped. The annual throughputs were estimated at more than 500,000 TEU in 2030 if La Union port functioned as a regional hub, achieved by maintaining an access channel sufficiently deep (− 13 m or deeper), whilst throughputs would be 250,000 TEU at most if the port remained a feeder and way-port service port. Furthermore, the simulation result indicates that if the cargo-handling tariff in La Union port was increased to almost three times the current level after concluding concession contracts under the private-public partnership scheme, the annual estimated throughputs would decrease by 50,000–100,000 TEU, in comparison with throughputs where an increase in the tariff has not taken place. These are not negligible differences, but the expected amount of increased income would be rather larger because the tariff is assumed to be increased three times its current rate. However, if any barriers to crossing the national borders are eliminated, a tariff increase would more severely affect the container throughput in La Union port.

El movimiento hacia el norte y la el bloqueo contra el sur – esos dos gestos chocan en la frontera entre México y EE.UU., creando no pocas tensiones. La contribución analiza la realización fílmica de medios y vías de transporte en contextos de la narrativización del cruce fronterizo y su conexión con los discursos usuales que circulan sobre la migración con el objetivo de trazar una estética del tránsito del cine mexicano contemporáneo. Heading to the north and blocking the south – these contradictory and conflicting movements converge at the border between Mexico and the United States. The contribution analizes the filmic realization of means and routes of transport in the contexts of the narrativization of the border crossing and its connection to the common discourses circulating about migration with the objective of outlining an aesthetic of traffic in the contemporary Mexican cinema. Fil: Hiergeist, Teresa. Universidad de Viena; Austria.

Roots and routes raise the questions of boundaries and borders and call for a new art of border crossing. Boundaries, borders, and margins are related concepts and realities and each of these can be conceptualized and organized in closed or open ways with variations in degrees of closure as well as openness. The existing conceptualization and organization of boundaries, borders, and margins reflect and embody a logic of statis, closure and a cult of exclusivistic, and exclusionary sovereignty. The articles argues that in this place we need a new art and politics of boundary transmutation, boundary transformation, and border crossing.

This article examines how discourses of waste and wastefulness are applied to the bodies of border crossers and border dwellers along the US-Mexico border. Using Josh Begley’s 2016 digital memorial “Fatal Migrations” alongside the fourth section of Roberto Bolaño’s 2666, I examine how the matter of bodies plays an essential role in border policing. Forced into isolated and environmentally hostile areas, migrants are only visible through discarded objects, left behind during border crossing. As a result, American policy and discourse is able to associate migrant bodies with the trash they leave behind—effectively reducing migrant bodies to disgusting and ecologically dangerous. I look at “Fatal Migrations” to consider how the landscape is deployed against migrants and the vibrancy of their bodies after death. This reading leads to a consideration of waste across the border as seen in the fourth section of Roberto Bolaño’s 2666, “The Part about the Crimes.” A fictionalized representation of the feminicides in Ciudad Juarez, Bolaño’s narrative shows the reduction of women’s bodies to capitalistic waste. Taken together the two pieces illustrate the dismissal of bodies to waste and wasteful under overlapping immigration and economic policies. Moreover, both pieces show how death in the borderlands is central to American understandings of sovereignty. The result is increasingly militarized environments and solidified borders in the form of physical structures, cultural attitudes, and policy.

This chapter argues that contemporary representations of border crossing on screen engage with a specifically 21st-century U.S. manifestation of what Lora Wildenthal in following Valerie Amos and Pratibha Parmar calls “imperial feminism.” It examines how the most recent product of the Star Trek franchise, the TV series Star Trek: Discovery (2017–ongoing), interrogates the legacies of U.S. imperialism and, less overtly so, of U.S. imperial feminism. The analysis focuses on the geographical as well as the metaphorical border crossings that occur in the series when the crew of the Federation starship Discovery jumps to an alternative universe which is dominated by the fascist Terran Empire. It argues that Star Trek: Discovery can be read as a feminist text that exposes the limits of two very different kinds of post-sexist futures: one, the Mirror Universe, in which the empowerment of women depends on openly imperialist and racist ideologies and another, the Prime Universe, in which these ideologies threaten to make a comeback in the context of violent conflict. By contrasting these two possible futures and by connecting them through instances of border crossing, Star Trek: Discovery not only speaks to issues of intersectional feminist critique, it also responds to the political, social, and cultural changes in the United States leading up to and associated with the Trump administration.

The travel legend of Olabisi Ajala in the national and transnational imagination has generated a lot of controversies that thrive on the capacity of rumors to create and sustain legends beyond the ...

This paper presents a comparative analysis of Simon Schwartz’s druben! and Colleen Frakes’s Prison Island, two graphic memoirs that thematise the significance of border crossing and the overcoming ...

A review of current self-study research related to teacher education policy in the United States indicates that at local, university, and state levels teacher educators are affected emotionally and...

This article explores representations of complex diasporic subjectivities that resist, or attempt to resist, obsolete nationalist notions of citizenship and identity by crossing the US– Mexico bord...

The fluid use of the terminology associated with “migration governance” can obscure its intention and implications. Different meanings of core terminology risks allowing troubling policies that are not really about migration, understood widely as border crossing, or even more broadly as human movement, to be legitimized. UN-level coordination with regard to “migration governance” needs to be part of addressing this concern. For example, this article advocates explicitly engaging with this risk through the implementation of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. It considers this issue from the perspectives of a handful of countries, each of which has its own complex relationship to the compact. It argues that in each of these apparently very different contexts, policies identified as being directed at “migration control” can be found to be directed not at controlling migration but at reconfiguring existing and stable state societies along ethnic, racial, linguistic, and other lines. The development of implementation plans for the Global Compact for Migration provides the opportunity to interrogate the purposes of “migration governance” and to find mechanisms to address its hidden uses.

This article explores border crossing and the Palestinian city as a literary metropolis—two major themes in the works of emerging Palestinian novelists in Israel. It looks at the “re-Palestinization” of urban space by writers who belong to a post-Oslo generation of Palestinian intellectuals that left villages and small towns in Israel to go and study, work, and live in the city. What distinguishes the literature of this generation is its negotiation of border crossing in a fragmented geography and its engagement with the city as a space of paradoxical encounter between a national imaginary and a settler-colonial reality. Based on a critical reading of their works, the article argues that Adania Shibli and Ibtisam Azem challenge colonial border discourse, exposing the ongoing Zionist erasure of the Palestinian city and creating a new topography for Palestinian literature. The article also traces the role of these writers in the “twinning” of Haifa and Ramallah starting in the late 1990s, and it examines how this literary and cultural “sisterhood” informs spatial resistance.

Josefina Lopez is one of the most prolific Chicana playwrights in America. Lopez's first play Simply Maria or the American Dream (1996) discusses the dilemma of Chicana generation confronting the Mexican traditions of their parents. According to the Mexican mythology, women are categorized as good versus bad, and represented as either virgins or whores. They are viewed as either passive and chaste like Virgen de Guadalupe, the Mexican version of Virgin Mary, or as evil and whorish like La Malinche who is condemned for her sexuality and openness to the foreign. In her first play, Lopez presents a feminist reinterpretation of the Mexican mythical figures La Virgen de Guadalupe and La Malinche. In the play, Lopez exposes how the dominant patriarchal order in the Mexican tradition employs mythology to serve specific purposes. These myths have long been imposed on women to oppress and subjugate them. Therefore, the patriarchal order helps these certain myths to have their effectiveness and popularity. Throughout the paper, these mythical figures will be critically analyzed. The analysis is mainly based on Gloria Anzaldua's theoretical explanations of the aforementioned mythical figures. Gloria Anzaldua, as a feminist theorist, endeavors to rewrite the long-established myths from a feminist perspective and use them against the oppressor. Not only does Anzaldua break the old myths, but she also creates a new myth; a mestiza who, through border crossing, gains a hybrid identity and absorbs various cultures. In Simply Maria or the American Dream, Lopez follows Anzaldua's footsteps and dismantles the old myths La Virgen de Guadalupe and La Malinche. To do so, Lopez uses Anzaldua's new myth, the mestiza who can compromise the conflicting parts of Maria's identity. The paper also investigates --how Maria, as a mestiza, breaks herself free from the imposed virgin/whore myth by adopting the acculturation strategy of integration. According to the theorist John Berry, integration is the most successful among other acculturation strategies that are assimilation, separation and marginalization. It is worth mentioning that integration is a prerequisite for the creation of the new mestiza. Through integration, the mestiza gains her hybrid identity and absorbs various cultures. It is also necessary to find out whether Maria's acculturation strategy corresponds to her parents' and how Maria, by adopting integration, mediates between her parents' cultural expectations and her desire to construct an individual Chicana identity. As a mestiza, Maria adapts to the new culture and successfully integrates her traditional past to the present needs. ملخص البحث تعد جوزفينا لوبيز واحدة من أکثر الکاتبات المسرحيات وفرة في الإنتاج في أمريکا. قي أول مسرحية لها "ماريا ببساطة أو الحلم الأمريکى" تناقش لوبيز أزمة جيل کامل من النساء الأمريکيات من أصل مکسيکي يعانين من التقاليد المکسيکية الصارمة لوالديهم. طبقا للأساطير المکسيکية تصنف النساء إما خاضعات لسيطرة الرجل وممتثلات لتقاليد المجتمع الذکوري مثل عذراء "جوادالوبي" – وهي النسخة المکسيکية من مريم العذراء- أو أن يمثلن أسطورة "مالينش" التي تمت ادانتها بسبب ميولها الجنسية و إنفتاحها على العالم الخارجي. في أول مسرحية لها أعادت لوبيز تفسير الرموز الأسطورية المکسيکية "عذراء جوادالوبي" و "مالينش" وقد کشفت لوبيز کيف وظف المجتمع الذکوري تلک الاساطير ليخدم أغراضا خاصة تهدف إلى قهر النساء واخضاعهن للرجال. وقد بني التحليل في تلک الدراسة على تفسيرات جلوريا أنزالديوا النظرية لنماذج تلک الأساطير. تسعي انزالديوا کعالمة نظرية ومناصرة للمرأة إلى إعادة کتابة تلک الأساطير وإستخدامها ضد الرجل. ليس هذا فقط بل قامت أيضا بخلق أسطورة جديدة وهي "مستيجا" – والتي اکتسبت هوية مهجنة قادرة على إستيعاب ثقافات مختلفة من خلال عبور الحدود. ومن الجدير بالذکر أن لوبيز تتبعت خطوات أنزالديوا في مسرحيتها بتحطيم أسطورة عذراء جوادالوبي ومالينش وذلک باستخدام أسطورة انزالديوا الجديدة "مستيجا"لتتمکن من التوفيق بين الجوانب المتصارعة والمتناقضة في شخصية ماريا. وتوضح أيضا هذه الدراسة کيف استطاعت ماريا بطلة المسرحية أن تحرر نفسها من أسطورة العذراء المفروضة عليها وذلک باعتناقها إستراتيجية الدمج بين الثقافات. طبقا للعالم جون بيري تعتبر إستراتيجية الدمج هي أنجح إستراتيجيات التبادل الثقافي. ومن الجدير بالذکر أن استراتيجية الدمج هي متطلب أساسي لخلق الأسطورة الجديدة "مستيجا" لأنه من خلال الدمج تستطيع "مستيجا" اکتساب هوية مهجنة قادرة على استيعاب ثقافات مختلفة. باتخاذ ماريا لاستراتيجية الدمج استطاعت أن توفق بين تطلعات والديها ورغبتها في خلق شخصية قوية مستقلة وکذا أن تربط بين ماضيها ومتطلباتها الحالية.

The paper presents Josefina Niggli (1910–83), an American mid-twentieth-century writer who was born and grew up in Mexico, and her novel Mexican Village (1945). A connoisseur of Mexican culture and tradition, and at the same time conscious of the stereotypical perceptions of Mexico in the United States, Niggli saw it as her literary goal to “reveal” the “true” Mexico as she remembered it to her American readers. Somewhat forgotten for several decades, Niggli, preoccupied with issues of marginalization, hybridization, and ambiguity, is now becoming of interest to literary critics as a forerunner of Chicano/a literature. In her novel Mexican Village, set in the times of the Mexican Revolution, she creates a prototypical bicultural and bilingual Chicano protagonist, who becomes witness to the rise of Mexico’s modern national identity.

Border regions are not often associated with innovation and economic prosperity. And even when they are prosperous, cross-border interaction is still mostly limited. The opening up of borders in Europe has presented new opportunities for firms located in these border regions to co-operate for innovation and knowledge to flow across borders. Despite the reduction of the importance of borders, firms seeking to access cross-border knowledge resources need still to ‘cross’ the border and address the various effects it brings. This paper therefore asks the question of how the presence of a border affects the processes by which firms attempt to build up productive co-operations for innovation. We use a heuristic of collaborative innovation across borders as building up through four sequential cooperation stages, and each of these different stages is susceptible to different kinds of border effects. Using a case study of firms co-operating across the Dutch-Flemish border, we empirically explore these border crossing processes in order to shed further light on how border processes play out.

In the autumn of 2015 more than 32 000 asylum-seekers arrived in Finland, most of them traveling through the Tornio border crossing point from Haparanda, Sweden. The situation was exceptional and as a response, the Finnish government relocated hundreds of security authorities and servicemen to register the asylumseekers and to control the border crossing. In the research literature such a border securitization, an approach where migrants and asylums are approached from the viewpoint of security instead of human rights, is considered problematic. This paper examines the local authorities and civic actors’ stories of border securitization and asylum reception in Tornio by employing everyday geopolitics as a theoretical and methodological framework. Everyday geopolitics approach is sensitive to the practices and experiences of border securitization at local and intimate scales. The main research finding is that local actors are aware of the wider geopolitical and societal discourses of threat. However, their stories of local and everyday practices emphasize feelings of safety, trust and cooperation at both national and supranational scales. Instead of focusing the feelings of safety merely on the discursive production of threat and danger, it is important to unfold the more contextual, local and mundane interpretations of border securitization.

Largely missing from public policy discussions on education and border crossing at the U.S. Mexico border are the experiences of transnational students. In this article, we illustrate some of the struggles of transnational students crossing from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México to El Paso, Texas, U.S.A. in pursue of an American education. These students are in K-12 and higher education and their daily commute (or almost daily) entail a start time before sunrise to cross the international port of entry to attend American schools. The majority of these students are U.S. citizens that reside on the Mexican side of the border. In this paper, we provide a glimpse into these students struggles for a U.S. education and discuss some political implications of this phenomena.

Resumo : Poucas vezes uma premiacao literaria provocou tanto debate quanto o Nobel de Literatura concedido a Bob Dylan em 2016. A laurea trouxe para a esfera publica uma discussao em geral reservada ao ambiente academico, quanto ao que se deve ou nao abrigar sob a denominacao de literatura. Dylan respondeu a sua maneira, manejando recursos de linguagem peculiares. Cada um dos quatro lances da sua resposta lida com elementos tipicos do discurso literario: a elipse, a ironia, a representacao e a heterogeneidade. Da distincao de generos entre poesia e cancao surge um questionamento mais amplo quanto as fronteiras que separam o discurso literario dos demais. O jogo de Dylan com a linguagem expande o cruzamento de fronteiras entre os generos que sua obra coloca para alem dela mesma, abrangendo os discursos nao literarios e ate mesmo um determinado modo de ser . Palavras-chave : generos; cancao; poesia; seculo XX; Bob Dylan; Nobel Prize. Abstract : Few times has a literary prize generated such controversy as the Nobel Prize of literature awarded to Bob Dylan in 2016. After the announcement, a discussion, normally kept inside the walls of universities, spread out to the public sphere, centered on which art forms should be called literature. Dylan answered on his own terms, using a peculiar range of language resources. Each of the four acts of his answer deals with elements typical of literary space, such as ellipsis, irony, representation and heterogeneity. From the main distinction between poetry and song arises a more comprehensive questioning about the boundaries that puts literary discourse apart from other kinds of discourses. Dylan’s play with language expands the border crossing among genres suggested by his work beyond itself, encompassing non-literary discourses and even his unique modus vivendi . Keywords : genres; song; poetry; 20th century; Bob Dylan; Nobel Prize.

Background Exertional rhabdomyolysis is a common condition with potentially life-threatening consequences; early recognition can prevent severe downstream complications. Some migrants and undocumented immigrants who have travelled to the United States have encountered extreme heat or other austere conditions during their journey, many of which have involved long stretches of travel on foot. These factors can combine to put these migrants at risk for rhabdomyolysis. Hospitals near the border of Mexico and the United States commonly encounter patients with adverse medical complications related to the process of border crossing. Case Report We report a patient with exertional rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute kidney injury who presented to a hospital located thousands of miles from the United States–Mexico border. Why Should an Emergency Physician be Aware of This? Undocumented immigrants frequently disperse to disparate metropolitan areas after crossing the border, and therefore medical providers should remain vigilant for the medical complications of this dangerous journey.

In contemporary films like Dheepan (Jacques Audiard, 2015) and Welcome (Philippe Lioret, 2009), effects of (post)colonialism, immigration and globalisation transform French spaces into multilingual ones, in which language use is impacted by a complex network of spheres of influence. This article offers a new approach to understanding the place of the language in French films about border-crossing in today’s Europe. It paraphrases terminology from Abdellatif Kechiche’s La Graine et le mulet to examine the films Dheepan and Welcome, in which the French language is crucial to migrants’ survival, but in temporary and conditional ways. Finally, the article analyses how French co-exists alongside other languages such as Tamil, English, and Kurdish in such films, and proposes a new term for understanding the use of language by shifting and migrating subjects: the langue de passage.

Previously known as a Hong Kong director of action-filled and visually spectacular blockbusters, Tsui Hark made a surprising move in 2014 by shooting a 3-D remake of the 1970 Maoist revolutionary o...

In his poems, Paul Celan does not use words such as territory, border, border crossing, and only very rarely the word space. I would like to reconstruct the traces of “Heimat” in Celan (in a number of poems from different periods “Heimat” plays an important role), and perhaps try to describe what Heimat might have meant for the young Paul Antschel (his real name). That is to say, I would like to understand whether “Heimat” is synonymous with what Celan speaks about, many years after his name change, in the address given on the occasion of the Georg-Buechner- Preis: “Ich suche auch, denn ich bin ja wieder da, wo ich begonnen habe, den Ort meiner eigenen Herkunft.” In the poems written at the time when Antschel is learning Hebrew as well as reading Martin Buber (Israel Chalfen) for the first time, I look for some basic figures Celan ties to his life in Bukovina at the time, in the environment of Czernowitzer Judentums. Aside from the works by Israel Chalfen, Else Keren and Elke Guenzel, I would like to make use of a book published some ten years ago, a detailed listing of Celan’s Paris library. I would like to consult this archive in the coming period, since Celan punctuated the margins of many of those books with evocations of his early creative period. Paul Celan u svojim pesmama ne upotrebljava reči kao što su teritorija, granica, prelaženje granice, a veoma retko reč prostor. Namera mi je da rekonstruišem tragove „Heimat“ kod Celana (u nekoliko pesama iz različitih perioda „Heimat“ je važna tema) i eventualno pokušam da opišem šta je Heimat mogao da znači za mladoga Paul Antschel (njegovo pravo ime). Odnosno da li je „Heimat“ zaista u sinonimiji sa onim što Celan kaže, puno godina kasnije, u govoru povodom uručenja Georg-Buechner-Preis: „Ich suche auch, denn ich bin ja wieder da, wo ich begonnen habe, den Ort meiner eigenen Herkunft“. Pokušaću da u pesmama napisanim u vreme kada Antschel uči hebrejski i prvi put čita knjige Martina Bubera (Israel Chalfen), pokažem neke osnovne figure koje Celan vezuje za svoj tadašnji život u Bukowini, a u okruženju Czernowitzer Judentums. U ovom istraživanju ću se koristiti, osim radova Israela Chalfena, Else Keren i Elke Guenzel, i knjigom koja je objavljena pre desetak godina u kojoj je detaljno popisana pariska biblioteka Paul Celana. Namera mi je da konsultujem ovaj arhiv u narednom periodu jer Celan na marginama svojih knjiga na nekoliko mesta evocira svoje prve stvaralačke godine.

The plots of the novels The Sinistra Zone (1992), The Archbishop’s Visit (1999) and The Birds of Verhovina (2011) by Ádám Bodor unfold in border zones, in spaces of liminal existence. By investigating the intricate relationship between the Self and the Other, using particular space forming techniques with shifts and displacements, these novels extend the scope of postmodern fragmentariness to identity construction as well. In these literary works enforced journeys or travels with well-defined purposes should not be merely understood in their physical sense: identity also undergoes a change, becomes hybrid. In a space characterized by a labyrinth of ethnic diversity, identities distorted by a dictatorial regime often go beyond the border of the human, the characters being endowed with animal features. Starting from Merleau-Ponty’s idea according to which action is not set in space, but rather comes into being through space (Faragó 2001, 7), the consequences of spatial changes must also be taken into account.

This article discusses a research project about the pedagogical function of popular culture for adult audience members. We used the medical drama Grey’s Anatomy to investigate how American cultural...

The Ottoman citizens together with the local community had generally lived a peaceful life in Cyprus, conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1571, until the island was handed over to the England in 1878. Following such period and subsequent process, the Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots continued to live together in the island until the foundation of Republic of Cyprus in 1960; yet, with the impact of British policies, the Turkish and Greek Cypriot communities had started to disintegrate. In 1950s, the island began to lose its nature and the concept of living together peacefully was disappeared due to the armed attacks of Greek Cypriots launched within the scope of underground military organisation and the responses of Turkish Cypriots through their underground military organisations together with the limited resources. The events, which stopped with the foundation of 1960 Republic of Cyprus, had become more severe following the obligatory leave of Turkish Cypriots from the partnership republic in 1963, and continued until the military intervention of Turkey in 1974 and both communities had losses, more in the Turkish Cypriot side. Until 1950s to 1974, the Turkish Cypriots, who did not feel secure in the southern part of island, migrated to the northern part of island. The relevant immigrants had shared their common lives with the Greek Cypriots before 1950s and then the following conflicts through oral narratives to their children born in the northern part of Cyprus; therefore, the perceptions of children of migrated families were only shaped with the narrations and some written references since a direct communication was not possible particularly until the opening of border crossing points. The original value of this study is the non-availability of any oral history research on the Turkish-Greek Cypriot relations before 1974 conducted with the generation after 1974; the aim of this research is to identify the perceptions of Turkish Cypriots born in the northern part of Cyprus mainly after 1974 that was shaped within the framework of oral narrations within the families through the individual interviews with the reference people sharing their experiences within the history via the press screening for the identification of social-political structure during the historical process, and the formation of such perceptions through the interviews.Öz1571’de Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nca fethedilen Kıbrıs’ta, Osmanlı vatandaşları ile, yerli halk, 1878’de ada İngiltere’ye kiralanana kadar, bir arada, genel olarak huzurlu bir yaşam sürmüşlerdir. 1878’de, adanın İngiltere’ye kiralanması ve izleyen süreçte adada, 1960 Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti kurulana değin, Kıbrıslı Türkler ve Kıbrıslı Rumlar, bir arada yaşamaya devam etmiş ancak, İngiliz yönetiminin politikalarının da etkisi ile, Türk ve Rum toplumları süreç içerisinde ayrışmaya başlamıştır. 1950’li yıllarda, önce Kıbrıslı Rumlarca yer altı askeri yapılanma kapsamında başlatılan silahlı saldırılar ve Kıbrıslı Türklerin kendilerini müdafaa kapsamındaki yer altı askeri yapılanmaları aracılığıyla ve kısıtlı imkanlarla verdiği karşılıklarla birlikte, adada kayıplar yaşanmış, bir arada huzurlu yaşam olgusu yitirilmiştir. 1960 Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulması ile duran olaylar, 1963’de Kıbrıslı Türklerin ortaklık cumhuriyetinden ayrılmak zorunda kalmasının akabinde, yeniden şiddetlenmiş ve Türkiye’nin adaya 1974’de gerçekleştirdiği askeri müdahaleye kadar sürmüş; Kıbrıslı Türk toplumundan daha fazla olmak üzere, iki toplum da kayıplar vermiştir. 1950’lerden, 1974’e kadar, çatışmalar nedeniyle, adanın güneyinde kendilerini güvende hissetmeyen Kıbrıslı Türkler, adanın kuzeyine göç etmiştir. İlgili göçmenler, Rum toplumu ile 1950’ler öncesi ortak yaşamlarını ve sonrasındaki çatışmaları sözlü anlatımlarla, adanın kuzeyinde doğan çocuklarına aktarmış; özellikle 2003 yılında sınır kapıların açılmasına kadar, doğrudan iletişimin mümkün olamaması nedeniyle, göç eden neslin çocuklarının algısı, sadece anlatımlar ve bazı yazılı kaynaklar ile şekillenmiştir. 1974 sonrası doğan nesil ile daha önce, 1974 öncesi Türk-Rum ilişkileri hakkında sözlü tarih araştırması yapılmamış olması, çalışmanın özgün değerini ortaya koyarken; çalışmada, tarihsel süreçteki deneyimlerini aktaracak kaynak kişilerle gerçekleştirilen bireysel görüşmeler ve yine tarihsel süreçteki sosyal-siyasi yapıyı tespit adına basın taraması ile birlikte, temel olarak, 1974 sonrası kuzeyde doğan Kıbrıslı Türklerin, aile içi sözlü anlatımlar çerçevesinde şekillenen ilgili algılarının, gerçekleştirilecek mülakatlar ile şekillendiğinin tespiti hedeflenmektedir.

This essay examines the crossing of national and cultural borders in contemporary fictional narratives by first-generation immigrants in Finland. While immigrant writing has a long-standing status in countries such as the United Kingdom and Germany, the situation is different in Finland where mass immigration is historically more recent. Yet recent years have seen the publication of several novels, autobiographies, and anthologies by migrants with focus on border crossings and adaptation to a new life. This essay examines two recent novels written in Finnish by immigrants to Finland. Through an analysis of TaoLin’s Suomen taivaan alla [Under the Finnish Sky] (2008. Turku: Enostone), the first novel by its Chinese author, and Skumbria by the established migrant novelist Arvi Perttu (2011. Helsinki: Like) with roots in Russian Karelia, I will discuss the role that borders and borderscapes play in these two novels telling of cross-border romances between Finns and non-Finnish migrants. By paying part...

Contains fulltext : 218402.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) This article examines the practices and experiences of Ukrainian border crossers who are engaged in informal small‐scale economic practices, namely shopping and petty trade, at the Medyka border crossing in Poland. By examining the societal, network and territorial embeddedness of the economic activities of these border crossers, we aim to shed light on the practices and experiences that form part of their daily lives. For many, the presence of the state border has become a resource for shopping and petty trade. People share a common purpose of making the most of their border crossing; they work together to plan and coordinate, or improvise and semi‐plan, in the borderland and beyond, to supplement their income or to make a living. As a result, daily life for these border crossers occurs on both sides of the state border, ‘stretching’ the border in both a mental and a physical sense, despite the controlled institutional demarcation between Poland and Ukraine. 24 februari 2020 15 p.

Informal trade is pervasive between sub-Saharan African countries. This study examines the relationship between trade informality and trade costs. More specifically, using an augmented gravity model, I exploit time and custom point variation in the introduction of a border facility which is aimed at reducing border delays and corruption. I find a significant decrease in trade informality in the second quarter after the introduction of an OSBP, with indications that this change is mainly driven by a fall in large-scale informal trade. I examine whether this result can be explained by formalization of individual cross-border traders by using first-hand data set of traders operating at two border towns between Kenya and Uganda. I find that few traders formalize despite the reduced costs associated with the introduction of the border facility, and that trade costs and border crossing choices are not only associated with export restrictions, but are also gendered.

In 1949, Haitian writer Lespes published a novel entitled “The Seeds of Anger” focusing on an agricultural resettlement on the Haitian-Dominican border, orchestrated by the Haitian authorities, in a failed attempt to help some of those who fled the massacre of Haitians and Dominico-Haitians, unleashed by the dictator Trujillo in 1937. Subsequently, the border crossing has been instrumentalised during political turmoil on the island of Hispaniola whereby episodes of forced migration have punctured positive developments towards cooperation and an enhanced contact zone across the island. This chapter considers how the border has been re-configured since the turn of the century, with new challenges for Dominico-Haitian relations emerging from increasingly restrictive migration and nationality policies handed down on the east of the island by the Dominican authorities.