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Objective: To determine any genetic association of COL1A2 polymorphism and the occurrence of dental fluorosis within an Indian human dental fluorosis population. Material and Methods: Fifty-six (56) subjects from two groups i.e. cases with dental fluorosis from the Pavagada population (n=29) and a control group (n=27) without fluorosis, were explored. The ages ranged between 15 and 76 years (mean 50.8 years) were included, and the male to female ratio was 70:30. The severity of dental fluorosis was graded using WHO’s Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TF), and the concentration of fluoride was determined by a fluoride ion selective electrode (ISE). Genomic DNA was extracted using the standard phenol-chloroform method. The rs412777 and rs414408 polymorphism in COL1A2 were genotyped using the Sanger sequence method. Results: Genotype distributions for rs412777 within each group were: AA 41%, AC 51%, and CC 7% for dental fluorosis participants, and AA 56%, AC 46%, and CC 0% for the control participants. Conclusions: The rs412777 and rs414408 polymorphisms in the COL1A2gene showed no significant association between COL1A2 and the occurrence of dental fluorosis amongst this Indian population.

Zinc deficiency is rapidly emerging as one of the important concerns in public health nutrition. Early diagnosis of zinc deficiency remains a major challenge. We investigated the expression level of different zinc transporters in zinc-deficient condition induced by TPEN, an intracellular zinc chelator in different cell lines like human monocyte (THP-1), skeletal muscle (RD), bone (Saos-2), liver (HepG2), representing different tissues which play key roles in zinc homeostasis. Cells were exposed to TPEN at various concentrations (2, 5, 10 μM) for 2 to12 h and mRNA levels of ZnT1 and MT were analyzed using qPCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA. ZnT1 expression was significantly different at 4 h with TPEN concentration of 2 μM and 5 μM as compared to untreated controls in THP-1, whereas in HepG2, significant differences were observed at 5 μM and 10 μM TPEN concentration after 6 h. In RD, significant differences were observed at 4 h in presence of 2 μM TPEN and in Saos2 expression was significantly different at 2 h with 2 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM TPEN as compared to respective controls. Expression of MT in THP1 was significantly different at 2 h and 12 h control in presence of 2 μM, 5 μM and 10 μM TPEN, whereas in HepG2 significant differences were found at 2 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM TPEN after 6 h of treatment. RD MT expression was significantly different in 10 μM for 12 h. Similarly, Saos2 expression was significantly different in the presence of 5 μM and 10 μM TPEN. Conclusions: This study may help in understanding the molecular cross talks among different zinc tissue storage depots during zinc deficiency and identification of early biomarkers for zinc deficiency.

Chromosome 1p36 deletion accounts for around 1% of cases of intellectual disability. The pattern of clinical features includes developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures, short stature, intellectual disability, vision and hearing deficits, congenital heart disease, and renal abnormalities. The size of deletion can be variable. We report four cases of 1p36 deletion syndrome detected in the past 3 years in a genetic clinic. One patient was detected by next-generation sequencing, another by chromosomal microarray, and the remaining two by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We discuss the variable presentations in the four children. Early diagnosis enables better prognostication and further reproductive planning.

Congenital deafness is one of the common disorders, with some common genes accounting for most of the cases. One in 1000 children are born with sensorineural hearing loss, and of that 50% are hereditary. In the Mediterranean Europeans, 80% of the nonsyndromic recessive deafness is due to homozygous mutation in GJB2, the 35del G allele. InWestern population, the GJB2 variation have been found in up to 30-40% cases. In Indians, the GJB2 variants have been found in up to 20% cases, mostly from central and southern India. In the present study, DNA was extracted from blood using standard methods. This was used to perform targeted gene capture using a custom capture kit. Multiple genes causing deafness were sequenced by next-generation sequencing to mean >80-100x coverage on Illumina sequencing platform. We found variants in GJB2, WFS1, FGF3, EYA4, MYO7A. and CHD7 genes. Most of these variants were pathogenic and novel, and possibly causative. Deafness is most commonly due to the autosomal dominant genes but in severe cases of early onset deafness, autosomal recessive genes may contribute in our population. In selected families of severe prelingual deafness, prenatal diagnosis can be done.

Thoracic duct embolization (TDE) is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery for the treatment of postoperative chylous leaks that fail conventional medical management. TDE can be a technically challenging procedure that requires real-time image guidance to visualize the thoracic duct. This case report describes using hybrid angiography/computed tomography technology to perform TDE through direct access of the cisterna chyli, potentially eliminating the need for intranodal lymphangiography, and reducing procedure length.

Yoga is our ancient science. Yoga provides treatment modalities for many diseases without any bad effect on the body. ADHD is a commonest disorder of childhood in which child shows hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentiveness that is inappropriate for age. In modern there are some drugs that are used in ADHD but all the drugs have bad effect on the body. Yoga and ayurveda are two treatment modalities that may be used in the management of ADHD without any bad effect on the health. Yoga is a type of therapy that is used without medication. Yoga benefits children with ADHD as it uses asanas (physical posture), surya namaskar, pranayam and deep relaxation techniques to calm the senses decrease hyperactivity. Many studies showed beneficial effect of yoga in relieving the symptoms of ADHD like hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentiveness.

Now a day’s intelligent diagnoses approaches are massively accepted for the purpose of advance analysis and detection of several diseases. In this work a supervised learning based approach using artificial neural network (ANN) has been proposed to achieve more accurate diagnoses outcomes for the case of diabetic retinopathy. Features extracted from the retina images are used as input to the ANN based classifier. Customized ANN architecture by estimating several entities of traditional ANN has been used to improve the accuracy of the method. The ANN architecture used in this work is feed forward back propagation neural network. Accuracy obtained for the proposed method is found to be 97.13%. The results suggest that proposed method can be used to detect diabetic retinopathy effectively.

In this study, the protective role of turmeric on genotoxic effects of Bisphenol-A exposure in Wistar rats by in vivo experiment were investigated. Bisphenol-A is a known endocrine disruptor and suspected carcinogen, that comes diet through plastics for food packaging and food processing. In this study, rats were divided into three groups of twelve animals each and were administered with Bisphenol-A by oral gavage with levels of 0, 50 and, 100 μg. Half of the animals in each group were fed with feed which contained 3% turmeric (wt/wt), for a period of 4 wk, while the rest of the rats received the same diet treatment without the addition of turmeric. At the end of the experiment, all rats were terminated and the internal organs such as liver, kidney, femurs were collected and analyzed. Mean and SD values were compared by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis-Wilcoxon test, the formation of micronuclei was compared using Mann-Whitney U-test. Significant decrease in serum malondialdehyde and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were observed in Bisphenol-A+turmeric groups as compared to Bisphenol-A groups. Bisphenol-A groups exhibited significantly higher mean levels of DNA damage in liver and kidney as compared to the untreated control group. Bisphenol-A group showed significant increase in the formation of micronuclei which was approximately threefold higher as compared to the control group. A significant decrease in DNA migration was observed in Bisphenol-A+turmeric fed groups in liver and kidney. Turmeric feeding significantly inhibited the micronuclei formation induced by Bisphenol-A. The study results indicate that turmeric can protect against Bisphenol-A induced genotoxicity in rats.

Cardiac defects presenting in childhood show significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. With availability of advanced genetic technologies, these can be detected early using specialized testing. Prenatal testing is currently feasible with improved ultrasonography and fetal echocardiography. Here, we report two cases of Noonan's and cardiofaciocutaneous syndromes in patients seen in the genetic unit of a tertiary care center presenting with cardiac defect with or without developmental delay, short stature, and dysmorphism. In these conditions, there is also increased risk of malignancy such as juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, definitive diagnosis and counseling is possible in this group of conditions.

Background The idea that hilly areas have a high background radiation which in turn is linked to dental fluorosis is widely held by many in India. There is little evidence to confirm this. Objective The study aimed to investigate the level of environmental radionuclide in order to determine any interrelationship between radionuclide and dental fluorosis in Pavagada, a fluorosis endemic area of Karnataka, India. Methods Gamma radionuclides (Th232, Ra226 and K40) were determined by high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer (Bq Kg-1) using a 50% relative efficiency p-type broad energy HPGe detector. Fluoride was estimated using fluoride Ion-selective electrode (ISE). Fluorosis was assessed using WHO diagnostic criteria. Results The average mean +_SD activity concentration in soil for K40 was detected between 416.6 ± 9.3 and 769.1 ± 15.0. Th232 was estimated between 13.6 ± 0.6 and 57.6 ± 1.3; and Ra226 was found between 6.4 ± 0.4 and 21.6 ± 0.7. Similarly, the mean activity concentration detected (Bq kg-1) in granite for K40 ranged between 259.8 ± 6.9 and 1608.5 ± 26.9. The activity concentration of Th232 ranged between 26.4 ± 0.8 and 57.6 ± 1.3: and that of Ra226 was between 6.6 ± 0.3 and 21.6 ± 07. Drinking water contains 2.98 ppm of fluoride. Dental fluorosis was diagnosed as mild to moderate. Conclusion The radionuclide activity in water, soil and granites were below the detection limit. Hence, the study revealed no association of fluorosis and radionuclide level in Pavagada, Karnataka, India. This helps resolve an ambiguity.

Hip pain in febrile children always raises concern for septic arthritis. Pyomyositis is a rare cause of hip pain. Because it involves muscles around the joint, it may have a similar presentation as a septic hip. This entity therefore has the potential for posing a diagnostic dilemma when physicians face a limping child with fever. We report a child who presented with fever and hip pain and has pyomyositis of the obturator internus muscle. This case underscores the need to consider the possibility of alternative etiologies in a limping child.

In this work, artificial intelligence (AI) based method has been proposed for analysis of alcohol abuse (AA) to evaluate drug risk and find an optimal method for analysis of AA. To detect alcohol abuse, twelve input features are selected. As the number of positive classes and negative classes are imbalanced, input features are processed using synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). The selected input features are given to the AI based method to predict whether an individual uses alcohol or not. Three AI methods (logistic regression, Naïve Bayes and gradient boost) have been used from which the most suitable method is chosen as optimal method for analysis of AA. Methods used for validation of the proposed AI based method are leave one out cross validation and test sample estimate. Among the three methods used, gradient boost method performs better than other method. Gradient Boost based AI method has 97.55% accuracy to predict alcohol user. Significant achievement of the proposed work is that the accuracy (nearly 97%) to detect alcohol abuse is much more than previously (nearly 70%) suggested methods. This is due to the efficient design of AI method implemented in this work. All the feature processing work and AI algorithm design work has been done using python software.

In this chapter, a nearest neighbor (k-NN)-based method for efficient classification of motor imagery using EEG for brain-computer interfacing (BCI) applications has been proposed. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are obtained from multiple channels from brain. These EEG signals are taken as input features and given to the k-NN-based classifier to classify motor imagery. More specifically, the chapter gives an outline of the Berlin brain-computer interface that can be operated with minimal subject change. All the design and simulation works are carried out with MATLAB software. k-NN-based classifier is trained with data from continuous signals of EEG channels. After the network is trained, it is tested with various test cases. Performance of the network is checked in terms of percentage accuracy, which is found to be 99.25%. The result suggested that the proposed method is accurate for BCI applications.

BackgroundIschemic strokes result in significant healthcare expenditures (direct costs) and loss of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (indirect costs). Interventional therapy has demonstrated improved functional outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusions (LVOs), which are likely to reduce the economic burden of strokes.ObjectiveTo develop a novel real-world dollar model to assess the direct and indirect cost–benefit of mechanical embolectomy compared with medical treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) based on shifts in modified Rankin scores (mRS).MethodA cost model was developed including multiple parameters to account for both direct and indirect stroke costs. These were adjusted based upon functional outcome (mRS). The model compared IV tPA with mechanical embolectomy to assess the costs and benefits of both therapies. Direct stroke-related costs included hospitalization, inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, home care, skilled nursing facilities, and long-term care facility costs. Indirect costs included years of life expectancy lost and lost QALYs. Values for the model cost parameters were derived from numerous resources and functional outcomes were derived from the MR CLEAN study as a reflective sample of LVOs. Direct and indirect costs and benefits for the two treatments were assessed using Microsoft Excel 2013.ResultsThis cost–benefit model found a cost–benefit of mechanical embolectomy over IV tPA of $163 624.27 per patient and the cost benefit for 50 000 patients on an annual basis is $8 181 213 653.77.ConclusionsIf applied widely within the USA, mechanical embolectomy will significantly reduce the direct and indirect financial burden of stroke ($8 billion/50 000 patients).

Background The mutagenicity potential of a new atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) material against Salmonella typhimurium without metabolic activity using the Ames test (genotoxicity) was carried out. Methods and materials The potential mutagenicity of new atraumatic restorative treatment materials (ART-I and ART-II) was analyzed using the Ames test. The materials were eluted in dimethyl sulphoxide, 0.9% NaCl solution and sterilized de-ionized water and the aliquots were used after an incubation period of 24 h at 37 °C. Mutagenic effects of the materials were tested on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 using the standard assay, and in absence of S9 fraction from rat liver. Result No mutagenic effects were detected for these new ART materials on S. typhimurium TA100. The incubated DMSO extract and 0.9% NaCl extract (50 μl/plate) of the ART-I exhibited a weak mutagenic potential on S. typhimurium TA 98. In particular, Aqua extract (50 μl/plate) of ART-II, was associated with a weak mutagenic potential on S. typhimurium TA98. Conclusion Both ART materials (ART–I and II) exhibited weak mutagenic effects on S. typhimurium TA98 whereas no mutagenic effect was detected on S. typhimurium TA100. ART-II is safer than ART-I.

Nisin is a lanthionine antimicrobial effective against diverse Gram-positive bacteria and is used as a food preservative worldwide. Its action is mediated by pyrophosphate recognition of the bacterial cell wall receptors lipid II and undecaprenyl pyrophosphate. Nisin/receptor complexes disrupt cytoplasmic membranes, inhibit cell wall synthesis and dysregulate bacterial cell division. Gram-negative bacteria are much more tolerant to antimicrobials including nisin. In contrast to Gram-positives, Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane, the major constituent of which is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This contains surface exposed phosphate and pyrophosphate groups and hence can be targeted by nisin. Here we describe the impact of LPS on membrane stability in response to nisin and the molecular interactions occurring between nisin and membrane-embedded LPS from different Gram-negative bacteria. Dye release from liposomes shows enhanced susceptibility to nisin in the presence of LPS, particularly rough LPS chemotypes that lack an O-antigen whereas LPS from microorganisms sharing similar ecological niches with antimicrobial producers provides only modest enhancement. Increased susceptibility was observed with LPS from pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to LPS from enteropathogenic Salmonella enterica and gut commensal Escherichia coli. LPS from Brucella melitensis, an intra-cellular pathogen which is adapted to invade professional and non-professional phagocytes, appears to be refractory to nisin. Molecular complex formation between nisin and LPS was studied by solid state MAS NMR and revealed complex formation between nisin and LPS from most organisms investigated except B. melitensis. LPS/nisin complex formation was confirmed in outer membrane extracts from E. coli.

Diffuse gliomas are lethal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by infiltrative growth, aggressive nature, and therapeutic resistance. The recent 2016 WHO classification for CNS tumors categorizes diffuse glioma into two major types that include IDH wild-type glioblastoma, which is the predominant type and IDH-mutant glioblastoma, which is less common and displays better prognosis. Recent studies suggest presence of a distinct cell population with stem cell features termed as glioma stem cells (GSCs) to be causal in driving tumor growth in glioblastoma. The presence of a stem and progenitor population possibly makes glioblastoma highly heterogeneous. Significantly, tumor growth is driven by interaction of cells residing within the tumor with the surrounding milieu termed as the tumor microenvironment. It comprises of various cell types such as endothelial cells, secreted factors, and the surrounding extracellular matrix, which altogether help perpetuate the proliferation of GSCs. One of the important mediators critical to the cross talk is extracellular vesicles (EVs). These nano-sized vesicles play important roles in intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules into the surrounding milieu, thereby altering cellular functions and/or reprogramming recipient cells. With the growing information on the contribution of EVs in modulation of the tumor microenvironment, it is important to determine their role in both supporting as well as promoting tumor growth in glioma. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of EVs in tumor progression and glioma pathogenesis.

Using data from multi-waves of the National Family Health Survey conducted in India between 1992 and 2006, this study examines the pattern of rural–urban differentials in childhood malnutrition in India over time. Furthermore, it identifies the factors responsible for the rural–urban gap in childhood malnutrition and quantifies their contribution. The result shows a considerable and widening gap in childhood malnutrition across rural–urban residence in the country over the study period. The rural–urban gap in childhood malnutrition has narrowed in a few states whereas it widened in most states over time. The economic status of the household and parental education was the most significant contributors to the rural–urban gap in childhood malnutrition in India. Based on the findings, this study suggests that to reduce the rural–urban gap in childhood malnutrition, focus should be given to the rural poor.

Aim: To conduct detailed pathomicrobial studies on Salmonella Gallinarum infection in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Bacteriological and pathological studies were conducted on 134 dead poultry birds collected from 23 different farms suspected to be infected with S. Gallinarum. Results: Mortality pattern revealed that maximum mortality occurred in 1-2 week aged birds. Out of 23 Salmonella isolates, 19 samples were identified as S. Gallinarum (9, 12) and 4 samples as Salmonella Enteritidis (9, 12: gm). Isolates were found to be most sensitive to Polymyxin B (100%). The present study also showed re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity (83.33%). Pathological lesions observed were bronze discolouration of liver, splenomegaly and necrotic foci on liver, spleen and heart. Microscopically, liver and spleen revealed aggregation of heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, nonsuppurative myocarditis, fibrinous pericarditis, interstitial nephritis, necrotic enteritis and serofibrinous pneumonia. Conclusion: It was concluded that S. Gallinarum 9, 12 was the main serotype causing Salmonellosis in poultry birds. Polymyxin B was the most sensitive drug (100%) for Salmonella infection along with re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity for Salmonella (83.33%) infection.

Neurogenesis is a process of generation of new neurons in the hippocampus and associated with learning and memory. Carbofuran, a carbamate pesticide, elicits several neurochemical, neurophysiological, and neurobehavioral deficits. We evaluated whether chronic prenatal oral exposure of carbofuran during gestational days 7-21 alters postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis at postnatal day 21. We found carbofuran treatment significantly decreased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) positive cell proliferation and long-term survival in the hippocampus only but not in the cerebellum. We observed a reduced number of transcription factor SOX-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) colabeled cells, decreased nestin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and decreased histone-H3 phosphorylation following carbofuran treatment, suggesting a decreased pool of neural progenitor cells (NPC). Colocalization of BrdU with doublecortin (DCX), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), and GFAP suggested decreased neuronal differentiation and increased glial differentiation by carbofuran. The number of DCX(+) and NeuN(+) neurons, NeuN protein levels, and fibers length of DCX(+) neurons were decreased by carbofuran. Carbofuran caused a significant downregulation of mRNA expression of the neurogenic genes/transcription factors such as neuregulin, neurogenin, and neuroD1 and upregulation of the gliogenic gene Stat3. Carbofuran exposure led to increased BrdU/caspase 3 colabeled cells, an increased number of degenerative neurons and profound deficits in learning and memory processes. The number and size of primary neurospheres derived from the hippocampus of carbofuran-treated rats were decreased. These results suggest that early gestational carbofuran exposure diminishes neurogenesis, reduces the NPC pool, produces neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, and causes cognitive impairments in rat offspring.

Objectives: The objective is to determine the solubility (SL) and sorption of novel atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) materials in deionized water or artificial saliva. Materials and Methods: Two compositions of newly developed ART materials were prepared. Individual compositions were prepared separately and placed in 100% humidity at ambient temperature for 24 h. Each was stored in separate vials, either 7 ml of deionized or artificial saliva at ambient temperature for 1, 7, 14, or 28 days. The sorption (S%) and SL% were then determined. Student's t-test was employed to assess the significance level of the differences observed. Results: After 1 day, the mean values for water sorption of the ART-I were 12.1% and ART-II were 16.8% in deionized water (P = 0.01). However, the mean water sorption in artificial saliva for ART-1 was 15.3% and that for ART-II was 18.5% (P = 0.05). The mean SL of ART-I and ART-II was 7.4% and 7.2%, respectively, in deionized water (P = 0.66), and in artificial saliva, it was 7.0% and 6.0%, respectively (P = 0.19). Conclusions: We conclude that water sorption potential of ART-II is more in artificial saliva and SL potential of ART-I was more in deionized water.

Does a differential abundance of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in uterine fluid (UF) have a functional significance?In rats, an excess of HMGB1 in UF during the receptive phase is detrimental to pregnancy.The identification of constituents of the human uterine secretome has been a subject of renewed interest, due to the advent of high throughput proteomic technologies. Proteomic-based investigations of human UF have revealed the presence of several proteins such as mucins, host defense proteins S100, heat shock protein 27 and haptoglobin, etc. The present study reports on the presence of HMGB1, a nuclear protein, in human UF. Activated macrophages/monocytes, natural killer cells, mature dendritic cells, pituicytes and erythroleukemic cells are also known to secrete HMGB1. Existing data suggest that extracellular HMGB1 plays a role in inflammation.The human part of this study was cross-sectional in design. UF and endometrial tissues were collected from regularly cycling women in the early secretory (i.e. pre-receptive phase, Day 2 post-ovulation, n = 7) or secretory phase (i.e. receptive phase, Day 6 post-ovulation, n = 7) of their menstrual cycles. Samples were also collected from cycling rats in the proestrous (n = 8) or metestrous (n = 8) phase of their estrous cycles. Uteri were also collected from HMGB1-treated pregnant (n = 7) and untreated pseudo-pregnant (n = 7) rats and from pregnant rats at Day 3-5 post-coitum (p.c.) (n = 18, 3 each for six-time points).In each group of human samples, four samples were used for isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis and three samples were used for immunoblotting experiments to determine the abundance of HMGB1 in pre-receptive and receptive phase UF samples. HMGB1 levels in rat UF and endometrial tissue samples were estimated by ELISA and immunohistochemical studies, respectively. The expression of inflammation-associated molecules, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in HMGB1-treated and pseudo-pregnant rats.HMGB1 was identified as one of the differentially abundant proteins in the list generated by 8-plex iTRAQ analysis of receptive and pre-receptive phase UF samples. In both humans and rats, secreted and cellular levels of HMGB1 showed a similar pattern, i.e. significantly (P0.05) lower abundance in the receptive phase compared with that in the pre-receptive phase. A significant (P0.05) decline was also observed in the endometrial expression of HMGB1 on the day of implantation in pregnant rats. Exogenous administration of recombinant HMGB1, on Day 3 p.c., led to pregnancy failure, whereas administration of recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor or saline had no effect on pregnant rats. Further investigations revealed morphological changes in the endometrium, an increase in the expression of luminal epithelial NFκB and significantly (P0.05) higher expression levels of endometrial RAGE, TNF-α and IL-6 in HMGB1-treated rats, compared with untreated pseudo-pregnant rats.The mechanisms, contributing to a decline in the cellular and extracellular levels of HMGB1 during the receptive phase, remain to be ascertained.An excess of HMGB1 in the UF may be associated with infertility in women.

Aluminium phosphide is a solid fumigant pesticide, insecticide and rodenticide. Aluminium phosphide is used as a poison either by inhalation or ingestion. Poisoning is usually suicidal, occasionally accidental and rarely homicidal. It is commonly known as an agent of sure death in the medical profession. A case of poisoning was brought by the police for postmortem examination. Postmortem findings, chemical analysis report and recovery of empty Quickphos container at the scene of death by police, confirmed it to be a case of aluminium phosphide poisoning. Language: en

Electrical injuries are potentially devastating with high degree of morbidity and mortality. Deaths due to electrocution need to be thoroughly investigated and documented for reasons of compensation and for instituting future measures in relation to safety and prevention. In the present case, the deceased sustained electrocution while working at a function pandal and died on the spot. An attempt is made to discuss about electrocution and related injuries.

Background: An analysis of the Prostate Cancer Database Project previously identified an association between hepatitis C antibody testing and prostate cancer (Pca). Methods: The records