Matthew T. Valley, Guo Li Ming, Gerald J. Sun, Hermann Riecke, Shirin Sharafi, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Martin T. Wiechert, Wayne Adams, Kurt A. Sailor, James C. Dennis, Hongjun Song, Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Cell Engineering [Baltimore] (ICE), Johns Hopkins University (JHU)-Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation [New Orleans], The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience [Baltimore], Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics [Evanston, USA], McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Mathematics [Evanston, USA], Northwestern University [Evanston]-Northwestern University [Evanston], Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Support was provided by the following: W.A. and J.C.D., NSF undergraduate support RTG DMS-0636574, K.A.S., P.M.L., M.T.V., and M.T.W., 'AG2R-La-Mondiale' life insurance, Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-15-CE37-0004-01, NIH US-French Research Proposal Grants #1R01DC015137-01 and ANR-15-NEUC-0004 (Circuit-OPL), the Laboratory for Excellence 'Revive' Program (Investissement d’Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-73) and 'Biopsy' (Investissement d’Avenir, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02), K.A.S., NIH NRSA F31NS066612 and 'Revive' fellowships, M.T.V., Pasteur-Roux fellowship and the Phillippe Foundation. H.J.S., NIH R37NS047344, G.L.M., NIH R01MH105128 and NIH R01NS048271, and the authors acknowledge the joint participation by the Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation through its direct engagement in the continuous active conduct of medical research in conjunction with The Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Foundation’s Parkinson’s Disease Program (No. H-1)., We thank Eileen Huang for data analysis, Soham Saha, Camille Mazo, Gabriel Lepousez, and Cyrille Norotte for manual puncta analysis, Dwight Bergels, David Linden, Randall Reed, Richard Huganir, and Chun Zhong for advice, Anne Lanjuin for providing Tbet-Cre mice, Elly Nedivi and Jerry Chen for providing the gephyrin-teal construct, and David DiGregorio for managing the Pasteur Institute Shared Neuroscience Department imaging facility funded by 'Ile de France Domaine d’Intérêt Majeur (NeRF).' HPC Northwestern University provided HPC access (Quest)., ANR-15-NEUC-0004,CIRCUIT-OPL,US-French Research Proposal- Neural Circuits and Plasticity- Olfactory Perception and Learning(2015), ANR-10-LABX-0073,REVIVE,Stem Cells in Regenerative Biology and Medicine(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)