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Copaifera spp. (copaiba) oleoresin is traditionally used as a medicinal compound since the 16th century, which is primarily indicated for its anti-inflammatory properties being widely sold in free fairs and medicinal herbal houses in Brazil. However, copaiba oleoresin toxicity information is still limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute (in mice and rats) and 28 day—repeated doses (in rats) oral toxicity of commercial copaiba oleoresin. In the acute toxicity test, copaiba oleoresin oral administration at 2000 mg/kg dose did not induce mice or rat lethality. In the subacute toxicity tests, we administered copaiba oleoresin at daily doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg for 28 days. We observed no toxicological effects in body weight gain, feed and water intake, gross necropsy, relative organ weight, histopathology, hematology, or biochemistry parameters. At the three copaiba oleoresin tested doses, we observed an alkaline phosphatase reduction, which might indicate hepatic protection. In conclusion, the commercial copaiba oleoresin has a low risk of toxicity and did not induce treatment-related adverse effects after short-term daily exposures to a dose two thousand times higher than folk use, showing safety doses for further pharmacological investigations.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the immediate effect of a single session of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle on plantar distribution and body sway frequency in an individual with hemiparesis stemming from a stroke. A further aim was to determine whether the effects of the combination of stimulation techniques would lead to greater improvement than the techniques administered separately. Methods: The therapy was conducted with one 60-year-old male with right-side stroke and complete, but disproportional hemiparesis with brachial predominance on the left side, 42 months elapsed since the event and severe Fugl-Meyer score. The patient was submitted to four different randomly performed intervention protocols with a 48-hour intervention between sessions: 1) anodal tDCS + sham FES + active TA contraction; 2) sham tDCS + active FES + active TA contraction; 3) anodal tDCS + active FES + active TA contraction; 4) sham tDCS + sham FES + active TA contraction). TDCS was administered for 20 minutes with the anode over C4 and the cathode over the supraorbital region on the contralateral side and FES was administered over the left TA. The evaluation of plantar distribution was performed with a foot-pressure platform and body sway frequency was evaluated using a force plate before and after each protocol. Results: Beneficial changes occurred in the area of contact of the left hindfoot and right forefoot following intervention protocols 1, 2 and 3 and a reduction in body sway frequency occurred under all data acquisition conditions after protocols 1 and 2. Conclusion: The use of tDCS (combined and alone) and the use of FES contributed to improvements in plantar distribution and body sway frequency in a stroke survivor with hemiparesis. The use of tDCS either alone or combined with FES achieved better results than the use of FES alone.

Concomitant transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is suggested to enhance the functional effects of other physical rehabilitation methods in individuals with motor impairment stemming from a chronic cerebrovascular disease. Thus, the primary aim of the proposed study is to analyze the electrical activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of the paretic limb in stroke survivors following an intervention involving the combination of tDCS over the motor cortex and peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) administered over the paretic TA. The secondary objective is to analyze the effect on dynamic balance. Methods: Thirty-six adult stroke survivors will be randomized into three groups: 1) Active tDCS + active PES; 2) Sham tDCS + active PES and 3) Active tDCS + sham PES. TDCS active will be positioned bilateral over the primary motor cortex of the damaged hemisphere (C1 or C2) and the cathode will be positioned over the primary motor cortex of the undamaged hemisphere (C1 or C2) with a current of 2 mA for 20 minutes. For sham tDCS, will follow the same standarts, however, the equipment will be switched on for only 20 seconds. PES will be administered to the paretic TA at 50 Hz for 30 minutes. Evaluations: the median frequency and root mean square (RMS) of the paretic TA will be analyzed using electromyography (EMG) and dynamic balance will be evaluated using the Mini-Balance Evaluation System (Mini-BESTest) at baseline (pre-intervention), after 10 treatment sessions at a frequency of five times a week for two weeks (post-intervention) and 30 days after the end of the interventions (follow up). Discussion: PES has proven to facilitate the conduction of sensory-motor afferences to the cerebral cortex in stroke survivors. Combining PES with tDCS, which has a direct effect on increasing cortical excitability, could favor motor acquisition and neuronal plasticity in this population.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T20:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Considering that water deficit is one of the main environmental factors responsible for low soybean yield and that nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a fundamental part of plant defense signaling during stress, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming with nitric oxide on the induction of water deficit tolerance during the initial development of soybean. Thus, seeds were treated with 0 (water only), 50, 100 or 250 μmol.L-1 sodium nitroprusside for 6 hours. Additionally, untreated seeds were used. After drying, the seeds were placed in containers filled with a commercial substrate mixture and vermiculite and irrigated to 100% and 50% field capacity. Biometric and biochemical evaluations (pigment and proline contents) were performed after 14 days. It was concluded that pretreatment of soybean seeds with 50 to 250 μmol.L-1 SNP attenuated the effects of water deficit on stem growth, leaf area, and shoot dry matter and induced carotenoid biosynthesis. The accumulation of proline in the leaves was pronounced in the treatments with 100 and 250 μmol.L-1 SNP, while 100 μmol.L-1 SNP induced proline accumulation in the roots. São Paulo State University São Paulo State University

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects approximately 10% of the world population. As it is a chronic disease, several patients search for alternatives to the traditional allopathic treatment, such as medicinal plants. In Brazil, the Aspidosperma subincanum (Guatambu) is one of the vegetal species commercialized in open markets used for diabetes popular treatment. Objective: To perform the phytochemical prospection and pre-clinical assessment of the ethanolic extract from stem bark of A. subincanum bark (EEAS). Material and methods: A. subincanum stem barks were collected in state of Goiás, Brazil and the EEAS was obtained by cold maceration. The phytochemical prospection was performed and acute and subacute toxicity assessments were performed according to OECD guidelines. Results: Phytochemical prospection identified the presence of steroids, triterpenes, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, and resins. The acute toxicity showed no death in EEAS doses administered intraperitoneally (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) and orally (5000 mg/kg). The subacute toxicity showed signs of nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and lung damages in the two highest doses tested (250, 250 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent way. However, the satellite group showed reversion of the lesions after 30 days of EEAS interruption. Conclusion: The acute toxicity of EEAS suggests an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. The oral use of EEAS during a short period (30 days) or more can be hazardous at doses similar to that tested in this study and may represent a risk for those who consume this kind of extract as a medicinal plant. Relevancia etnofarmacológica: Diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad que afecta aproximadamente al 10% de la población mundial. Al tratarse de una enfermedad crónica, muchos pacientes buscan alternativas al tratamiento alopático tradicional, como las plantas medicinales. En Brasil, Aspidosperma subincanum (Guatambu) es una de las especies vegetales que se venden en los mercados abiertos para el tratamiento popular de la diabetes. Objetivo: Realizar la prospección fitoquímica y la evaluación preclínica del extracto etanólico de la corteza del tallo de A. subincanum (EEAS). Material y métodos: Las cortezas de A. subincanum se recolectaron en el estado de Goiás, Brasil y el EEAS se obtuvo mediante maceración en frío. Se evaluó el cribado fitoquímico y se realizaron evaluaciones de toxicidad aguda y subaguda de acuerdo con las directrices de la OECD. Resultados: La prospección fitoquímica identificó la presencia de esteroides, triterpenos, saponinas, taninos, alcaloides, cumarinas y resinas. No hubo muertes en la prueba de toxicidad aguda con dosis de EEAS administradas por vía intraperitoneal (500, 1000 y 2000 mg/kg) y por vía oral (5000 mg/kg). La toxicidad subaguda mostró signos de nefrotoxicidad, hepatotoxicidad y daño pulmonar de manera dependiente de la dosis a las dos dosis más altas probadas (250, 250 mg/kg). Sin embargo, el grupo satélite mostró reversión de las lesiones 30 días después de la interrupción del EEAS. Conclusión: La toxicidad aguda del EEAS sugiere una DL50 > 5000 mg/kg. El uso oral del EEAS por un período corto (30 días) o más puede ser peligroso en dosis similares a las probadas en este estudio y puede representar un riesgo para quienes consumen este tipo de extracto como planta medicinal. Relevância etnofarmacológica: Diabetes mellitus é uma doença que afeta aproximadamente 10% da população mundial. Por se tratar de uma doença crônica, diversos pacientes buscam alternativas ao tratamento alopático tradicional, como as plantas medicinais. No Brasil, Aspidosperma subincanum (Guatambu) é uma das espécies vegetais comercializadas em feiras livres para o tratamento popular de diabetes. Objetivo: Realizar a prospecção fitoquímica e avaliação pré-clínica do extrato etanólico da casca do caule de A. subincanum (EEAS). Material e métodos: As cascas de A. subincanum foram coletadas no estado de Goiás, Brasil e o EEAS foi obtido por maceração a frio. A prospecção fitoquímica foi avaliada e as avaliações de toxicidade aguda e subaguda foram realizadas de acordo com as diretrizes da OECD. Resultados: A prospecção fitoquímica identificou a presença de esteroides, triterpenos, saponinas, taninos, alcaloides, cumarinas e resinas. Não houve mortes no teste de toxicidade aguda em doses de EEAS administradas por via intraperitoneal (500, 1000 e 2000 mg/kg) e por via oral (5000 mg/kg). A toxicidade subaguda mostrou sinais de nefrotoxicidade, hepatotoxicidade e danos pulmonares de forma dose-dependente nas duas doses maiores doses testadas (250, 250 mg/kg). No entanto, o grupo satélite apresentou reversão das lesões após 30 dias da interrupção do EEAS. Conclusão: A toxicidade aguda de EEAS sugere um DL50 > 5.000 mg/kg. O uso oral de EEAS por curto período (30 dias) ou mais pode ser perigoso em doses semelhantes àquelas testadas neste estudo e pode representar um risco para quem consome esse tipo de extrato como planta medicinal.

Neutrophils are first-line responders to infections and are recruited to target tissues through the action of chemoattractant molecules, such as chemokines. Neutrophils are crucial for the control of bacterial and fungal infections, but their role in the context of viral infections has been understudied. Flaviviruses are important human viral pathogens transmitted by arthropods. Infection with a flavivirus may result in a variety of complex disease manifestations, including hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis or congenital malformations. Our understanding of flaviviral diseases is incomplete, and so is the role of neutrophils in such diseases. Here we present a comprehensive overview on the participation of neutrophils in severe disease forms evolving from flavivirus infection, focusing on the role of chemokines and their receptors as main drivers of neutrophil function. Neutrophil activation during viral infection was shown to interfere in viral replication through effector functions, but the resulting inflammation is significant and may be detrimental to the host. For congenital infections in humans, neutrophil recruitment mediated by CXCL8 would be catastrophic. Evidence suggests that control of neutrophil recruitment to flavivirus-infected tissues may reduce immunopathology in experimental models and patients, with minimal loss to viral clearance. Further investigation on the roles of neutrophils in flaviviral infections may reveal unappreciated functions of this leukocyte population while increasing our understanding of flaviviral disease pathogenesis in its multiple forms.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dyslipidemias are determinant for the onset of cardiovascular diseases and represent more than 30% of global deaths. Changes in serum lipid levels are a direct consequence of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to verify the relationship between genetic polymorphism APOA5 and dyslipidemia. This is a case-control study with 199 officers of the military force of the state of Goiás in which the relationship between lipid profile and genetic polymorphism rs964184 was evaluated. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time PCR) was used to identify genetic polymorphism rs964184. Of the participants analyzed, 93% were male and 7% female, the lipid profile showed that 115 participants had dyslipidemia (group of cases) and 84 were within the reference range (control group). The genetic polymorphism rs964184 of the case group showed that 64.3% (74/115) of the participants had genotype CC, 33.0% (38/115) had cg genotype and 2.6% (3/115) had GG genotype. In the control group, 69.0% (58/84) had genotype CC, 27.4% (23/84) had cg genotype, 3.6% (3/84) had GG genotype. In conclusion, the G alllea is related to high levels of triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL) and the C allea is related to normal HDL cholesterol levels (≥ 40 mg/dL). Therefore, homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (CG) individuals are more inclined to have high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels, which are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las dislipidemias son determinantes para la aparición de enfermedades cardiovasculares y representan más del 30% de las muertes mundiales. Los cambios en los niveles séricos de lípidos son una consecuencia directa de la dislipidemia. Este estudio tenía como objetivo verificar la relación entre el polimorfismo genético APOA5 y la dislipidemia. Se trata de un estudio de control de casos con 199 oficiales de la fuerza militar del estado de Goiás en el que se evaluó la relación entre el perfil lipídico y el polimorfismo genético rs964184. Se utilizó reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (PCR en tiempo real) para identificar el polimorfismo genético rs964184. De los participantes analizados, el 93% eran hombres y el 7% mujeres, el perfil lipídico mostró que 115 participantes tenían dislipidemia (grupo de casos) y 84 estaban dentro del rango de referencia (grupo de control). El polimorfismo genético rs964184 del grupo de casos mostró que el 64,3% (74/115) de los participantes tenía genotipo CC, el 33,0% (38/115) tenía genotipo cg y el 2,6% (3/115) tenía genotipo GG. En el grupo de control, el 69,0% (58/84) tenía genotipo CC, el 27,4% (23/84) tenía genotipo cg, el 3,6% (3/84) tenía genotipo GG. En conclusión, el G alllea está relacionado con altos niveles de triglicéridos (≥ 150 mg/dL) y el C allea está relacionado con los niveles normales de colesterol HDL (≥ 40 mg/dL). Por lo tanto, los individuos homocigóticos (GG) o heterocigótigos (CG) están más inclinados a tener triglicéridos altos y bajos niveles de colesterol HDL, que se asocian con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), as dislipidemias são determinantes para o aparecimento de doenças cardiovasculares e representam mais de 30% das mortes globais. Alterações nos níveis lipídeos de soro são uma consequência direta da dislipidemia. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre polimorfismo genético APOA5 e dislipidemia. Trata-se de um estudo de caso-controle com 199 oficiais da força militar do estado de Goiás em que foi avaliada a relação entre o perfil lipídica e o polimorfismo genético rs964184. A Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase em tempo real (PCR em tempo real) foi usada para identificar o polimorfismo genético rs964184. Dos participantes analisados, 93% eram do sexo masculino e 7% do feminino, o perfil lipídico mostrou que 115 participantes apresentaram dislipidemia (grupo de casos) e 84 estavam dentro da faixa de referência (grupo controle). O polimorfismo genético rs964184 do grupo de casos mostrou que 64,3% (74/115) dos participantes apresentavam genótipo CC, 33,0% (38/115) tinham genótipo cg e 2,6% (3/115) tinham genótipo GG. No grupo controle, 69,0% (58/84) apresentava genótipo CC, 27,4% (23/84) tinham genótipo cg, 3,6% (3/84) tinham genótipo GG. Em conclusão, o alelo G está relacionado a altos níveis de triglicérides (≥ 150 mg/dL) e o alelo C está relacionado a níveis normais de colesterol HDL (≥ 40 mg/dL). Portanto, indivíduos homozigotos (GG) ou heterozigotos (CG) estão mais inclinados a ter altos triglicerídeos e baixos níveis de colesterol HDL, que estão associados a um risco aumentado de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares.

Introduction Single-leg squat (SLS) is a test commonly used to assess lower limb function in rehabilitation. Increased hip adduction and internal rotation (IR) is associated with dynamic knee valgus, which is related to hip and knee overload. Proximal and distal factors, such as hip passive stiffness, poor hip muscle strength and excessive foot misalignment may influence hip movement. However, previous studies focus on how proximal and distal factors affected knee joint movement and did not reported the influence on hip joint. Objective This study investigated the association of hip external rotators (ER) strength, hip passive stiffness and shank-forefoot alignment (SFA) with hip adduction and IR during SLS. Design Cross-sectional study. Method Forty-six health participants of both sexes (23.47 ± 4.29 years, 60.40 ± 11.28 kilograms, 1.67 ± 8.9 meters) had SFA, hip ER torque, hip passive stiffness and hip kinematics assessed. Multiple linear regressions were performed to identify the factors which associated with mean and peak hip adduction and IR movement during SLS. Results Only hip passive stiffness was associated with mean (R2= 0.164; Confidence Interval (CI) 95%= [-0.250, -0.048]; p= 0.005) and peak (R2= 0.116; CI 95%= [-0.223, -0.210]; p= 0.019) hip IR movement. Conclusion Hip passive stiffness was associated with mean and peak hip IR movement during the SLS. These results suggest that individuals with reduced hip passive stiffness demonstrate increased hip IR movement during SLS.

Background There has been a rapid increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 in Latin America, Africa, Asia and many countries that have an insufficient number of physicians and other health care personnel, and the need for the inclusion of medical students on health teams is a very important issue. It has been recommended that medical students work as volunteers, undergo appropriate training, not undertake any activity beyond their level of competence, and receive continuous supervision and adequate personal protective equipment. However, the motivation of medical students must be evaluated to make volunteering a more evidence-based initiative. The aim of our study was to evaluate the motivation of medical students to be part of health teams to aid in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and findings We developed a questionnaire specifically to evaluate medical students’ perceptions about participating in the care of patients with suspected infection with coronavirus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire had two parts: a) one part with questions on individual characteristics, year in medical school and geographic location of the medical school and b) a second part with twenty-eight statements assessed on a 5-point Likert scale (totally agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree and totally disagree). To develop the questionnaire, we performed consensus meetings with a group of faculty and medical students. The questionnaire was sent to student organizations of 257 medical schools in Brazil and answered by 10,433 students. We used multinomial logistic regression models to analyze the data. Statements associated with greater odds ratios for participation of medical students in the COVID-19 pandemic were related to a sense of purpose or duty (“It is the duty of the medical student to put himself or herself at the service of the population in the pandemic”), altruism (“I am willing to take risks by participating in practice in the context of the pandemic”), and perception of good performance and professional identity (“I will be a better health professional for having experienced the pandemic”). Males were more prone than females to believe that only interns should participate in the care of patients with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.36 [coefficient interval 95%:1.24–1.49]) and that all students should participate (OR 1.68 [CI:1.4–1.91]). Conclusions Medical students are more motivated by a sense of purpose or duty, altruism, perception of good performance and values of professionalism than by their interest in learning. These results have implications for the development of volunteering programs and the design of health force policies in the present pandemic and in future health emergencies.

Sepsis results in elevated adenosine in circulation. Extracellular adenosine triggers immunosuppressive signaling via the A2a receptor (A2aR). Sepsis survivors develop persistent immunosuppression with increased risk of recurrent infections. We utilized the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis and subsequent infection to assess the role of adenosine in post-sepsis immune suppression. A2aR-deficient mice showed improved resistance to post-sepsis infections. Sepsis expanded a subset of CD39hi B cells and elevated extracellular adenosine, which was absent in mice lacking CD39-expressing B cells. Sepsis-surviving B cell-deficient mice were more resistant to secondary infections. Mechanistically, metabolic reprogramming of septic B cells increased production of ATP, which was converted into adenosine by CD39 on plasmablasts. Adenosine signaling via A2aR impaired macrophage bactericidal activity and enhanced interleukin-10 production. Septic individuals exhibited expanded CD39hi plasmablasts and adenosine accumulation. Our study reveals CD39hi plasmablasts and adenosine as important drivers of sepsis-induced immunosuppression with relevance in human disease.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients are vulnerable to malnutrition and cardiovascular complications due to many factors, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Curcumin supplementation is associated with attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, but its effects in HD patients are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in HD patients.This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 43 HD patients and divided them into two groups: supplemented with curcumin (1 g/day) or placebo (corn starch) for 12 weeks. Demographic information and blood samples were taken at the start and the end of the study to determine serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activity, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).The curcumin group showed a significant increase in catalase activity [Δ = 1.13 ± 2.87 versus Δ = -1.08 ± 2.68; p = 0.048] and preserved glutathione peroxidase activity [Δ = -4.23 ± 11.50 versus Δ = -14.44 ± 13.96; p 0.01] compared with the placebo group. However, no significant changes were found in MDA concentrations, glutathione reductase activity, and hs-CRP concentrations after the intervention.Curcumin supplementation for 12 weeks had potential effects on antioxidant response, but it was not enough to reduce oxidative stress markers and inflammation in HD patients. This trial was registered at EnsaiosClínicos.gov.br under registration number RBR-2t5zpd.

Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, mast and goblet cell counts, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.

Lower limb motor dysfunction and lack of balance is one of the most common and disabling sequelae affecting stroke. Objectives: Analyze the effects of the combination of Transcranial Direct Stimulation (tDCS) with peripheral stimulation (PES) on the activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) paretic and balance of hemiparetic post stroke.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-02 Due to the lack of drugs regulated for aquaculture, we have evaluated the use of albendazole (ABZ)–a potential drug to be regulated for fish–under food safety perspectives assessing the depletion profile of ABZ and its main metabolites (albendazole sulphoxide–ABZSO, albendazole sulphone–ABZSO2 and albendazole amino sulphone–ABZ-2-NH2SO2) in fish fillets (muscle and skin) after single dose oral administration of 10 mg ABZ kg-1 body weight. For the drug administration, a suitable procedure for ABZ incorporation into fish feed was employed, obtaining good homogeneity of ABZ concentration among feed pellets (CV

The study analyzed the promotion of infant food and nutrition for children under two years in the Primary Health Care in a city located in Minas Gerais. An exploratory and descriptive study interviewing managers, coordinating nurse, community health workers and mothers of registered children. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi-square test and simple Student t test. The city did not implement the Strategy Amamenta e Alimenta Brasil. Strategy for Family Health performed childcare, but in an irregular or incomplete way. The main difficulties were low adherence by mothers and work overload by nurses. SISVAN's nutritional diagnosis reports are not used.55.6% of mothers participate in the childcare. 33.3% of mothers received guidance on breastfeeding before and after the baby was born. 22.2% received it during prenatal care and 5.6% received it only after the baby was born. Half of the mothers received guidance on healthy complementary feeding. No significant associations were found for the participation of mothers and the variables maternal education, maternal age, having an only child, being an adolescent mother. Mothers should be advised on the approach of the units to monitor the child's growth and development, preventing health problems.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652018000703675.pdf: 391670 bytes, checksum: cbfe6292aea6417a2f54e0e0bf1331ac (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The objective of this trial was to evaluate the behavioral patterns and performance of lactating sows and their litters under the effect of artificial vocalization. Twenty-eight sows and their litters were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial scheme (artificial vocalization x lactation week). The behavior of the animals was monitored during 24 hours on the 7th and 15th days of lactation, analyzing the number, interval, and frequency of nursings. The body condition and performance of the sows were also evaluated. Artificial vocalization promoted higher frequencies of eating for sow and nursing for piglets (P < 0.05), increased inactive sow behavior (P < 0.05), and reduced sow alert in activity (P < 0.05). The number and duration of suckling sessions at the 15thday of lactation were reduced (P < 0.05). The use of artificial vocalization did not affect the body condition or milk production of the lactating sows, or the performance of the litter during lactation (P> 0.05). The use of maternal artificial vocalization during lactation of sows promoted greater lactation efficiency and longer rest time, favoring the sows' welfare. Univ Fed Lavras UFLA, Dept Zootecnia, Ave Sul S-N, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Tecnol, Fac Ciencias Agr Vet Jaboticabal, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Nutr & Prod Anim, Ave Duque de Caxias Norte 225, BR-13635900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Tecnol, Fac Ciencias Agr Vet Jaboticabal, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil CAPES: 001

Morbidity and mortality due to postoperative complications, related to inflammation and systemic oxidative stress, of coronary artery bypass grafting is high and inadmissible. It is suggested that numerous adverse outcomes may be caused by the systemic effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). One of the most damaging consequences of these events is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radicals, which originate from a variety of cellular and enzymatic sources, such as myocardial cells, activated neutrophils, or endothelial xanthine oxidase. Many studies have described the nature of these ROS and the time of their formation during CPB. With the goal of reducing these damages, studies have investigated the use of antioxidant supplements during CPB. The present study focused on the time course of the innate antioxidant activity (antioxidant enzymes and overall antioxidant capacity in plasma) in patients undergoing CABG. The methodology used was the literature review.

Supplementary l-lysine sources include l-lysine HCl and l-lysine sulfate. l-Lysine sulfate contains at least 50% l-Lys and other components as residues from the fermentation process, other amino acids, and other organic and inorganic substances, being an alternative to l-Lys HCl. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of l-Lys sulfate in comparison with l-Lys HCl and its effects on performance, blood parameters, intestinal functionality, and the apparent total tract digestibility in nursery piglets. A total of 168 female piglets (DB90 × PIC337), weaned at 22 d (BW = 6.29 ± 0.41 kg), were distributed in seven dietary treatments and eight replicates, with three pigs per pen. The experimental period of 42 d was divided into two phases (phase 1, days 0-21; phase 2, days 21 to 42). The basal diet (CON) was lysine-deficient formulated to meet 73% of standardized ileal digestible Lys requirements. For the other diets, the CON was supplemented with three levels (80%, 90%, and 100% of standardized ileal digestible Lys requirements) of l-Lys sulfate (70% l-Lys) or l-Lys HCl (79% l-Lys). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the performance and concentrations of plasma urea and creatinine between the l-Lys sources. The RBV of l-Lys sulfate relative to l-Lys HCl was 106%, 119%, and 117% for effects on ADG, G:F, and plasma urea, respectively. Lys deficiency resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) incidence of diarrhea, while pigs supplemented with Lys sulfate or Lys HCl showed greater (P < 0.05) villus height in the jejunum when compared to those receiving the CON. Diets supplemented with l-Lys sulfate had greater (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein. In conclusion, the RBV of l-Lys sulfate for effects on ADG, G:F, and plasma urea is equivalent to that of l-Lys HCl for nursery piglets.

The randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change on anthropometric, metabolic and motivational outcomes in obese adolescents. A total of 135 male and female adolescents were randomized to two groups: intervention group ( n = 65) and control group ( n = 70). The adolescents were evaluated 1 week before the interventions began and at the end of 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the outcome variables. Intervention group reported magnitude of effect more expressive on body mass index percentile, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, readiness to change diet and readiness to start exercise.

A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of heat on the performance of lactating sows and their litters. The database containing information on the effects heat stress has on the productive and reproductive performance of lactating sows was composed by 20 articles published in international journals from 2000 to 2016, totalizing 2222 lactating sows. The duration of lactation was corrected to 21d. In the studies analyzed, the most representative variables were piglet weight at 21 days (kg) and litter weight at 21 days (kg). Daily ambient temperature (T°C) ranged from 15.0° to 32.0 °C. Rectal temperature and respiratory rate were higher in lactating sows maintained in hot conditions compared to those maintained in the thermal comfort range. The nutrient intake by the lactating sows was inversely proportional to the ambient temperature. The piglets weaned of lactating sows were kept in thermal comfort 90.84 heavier percentage point after 21 days of the piglets of lactating sows kept in heat stress environment. Piglet weight gain exhibited a high and negative correlation with ambient temperature. At 1 °C above the thermal comfort range (from 15° to 25°C) leads to a decrease in food intake (kg/d) and milk yield (kg/d), which represents a high and negative correlation with at room temperature, that is, as the ambient temperature increases, there is less consumption of nutrients, resulting in reduced milk production (less mobilization of nutrients to the mammary gland). Increased respiratory rate is an efficient parameter for evaluating the intensity of heat stress in lactating sows.

Due to its chemical composition and use in folk medicine, the dry standardized extract of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. (Tiliaceae) leaves (DSEAT) was tested to assess its hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The animals were treated with DSEAT previously for 7 days, at doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg of rosmarinic acid; the liver damage was induced by administering CCl4 intraperitoneally (i.p.) at days 3 and 7, and 1 h before treating with DSEAT. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical assays such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopatological studies. DSEAT doses of 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg were not capable of protecting the liver against CCl4. However, the dose of 50 mg/kg reduced AST by 31.50% the dose of 25 mg/kg reduced GGT by 57.18% compared to the CCl4 (p < 0.05). In the liver, DSEAT dose of 50 mg/kg and rosmarinic acid reduced MDA by 27.45% and 63.61%, respectively, whereas in plasma, MDA was reduced in all the groups treated with DSEAT and rosmarinic acid. In conclusion, DSEAT exhibits hepatoprotective effect only at low doses and antioxidant activity in vivo after peroral administration. The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Research Ethics Committee of UFG (CEUA, no. 177/2011).

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immediate effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) on activity of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) and static balance of individuals with hemiparesis stemming from stroke. [Subjects and Methods] A randomized, double-blind, crossover, clinical trial conducted with 30 individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis. Median frequency of electrical activity of the TA were determined using electromyography in five contractions concentrics and Static balance (body sway velocity and frequency), both before and immediately after the intervention. The participants were submitted to four 20-minute intervention protocols with 48-hour interval: anodal tDCS + sham FES; sham tDCS + active FES; anodal tDCS + active FES and sham tDCS + sham FES. Anodal tDCS was administered over C3 or C4, the cathode was positioned in the supraorbital region on the contralateral side and FES was administered to the affected TA. [Results] No significant differences among the protocols were found regarding electrical activity of the TA and static balance. [Conclusion] The results demonstrate that tDCS alone or in combination with FES had no immediate effect on electrical activity of the TA and static balance of the 30 individuals analyzed.

RESUMO Objetivo verificar o que docentes de escolas públicas e privadas sabem sobre gagueira, bem como verificar a eficácia do Programa de Formação Docente em Gagueira na ampliação desses conhecimentos. Métodos participaram do estudo 137 docentes da educação infantil. Inicialmente os docentes responderam a um questionário sobre gagueira. Em seguida, 75 docentes participaram do Programa de Formação Docente em Gagueira com duração de quatro horas. Um mês após participação no programa, os docentes responderam novamente ao questionário. Resultados depois da formação, notou-se um aumento no percentual daqueles que consideram baixa a prevalência de pessoas que gaguejam na população. Os entrevistados passaram a relatar que a gagueira é mais frequente no gênero masculino. Houve aumento daqueles que consideram a gagueira hereditária. Diminuiu a incidência de educadores que acreditavam que a gagueira é psicológica. A maioria dos entrevistados passou a acreditar na multicausalidade da gagueira. Diminuiu o índice de educadores que afirmavam que a gagueira é emocional. Houve melhor entendimento de algumas atitudes que os educadores podem ter na tentativa de ajudar uma pessoa que gagueja. Conclusão os educadores possuíam algum conhecimento sobre gagueira, mas insuficiente para diferenciá-la dos demais distúrbios de linguagem. O programa ampliou os conhecimentos em relação à gagueira. Entretanto, mostrou-se mais efetivo para as características da gagueira do que para as atitudes dos educadores.

The autonomic maneuvers are simple methods to evaluate autonomic balance, but the association between autonomic maneuvers and heart rate variability (HRV) in hemodialysis patients remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HRV and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and Valsalva maneuver (VM) indexes in hemodialysis patients and to compare two methods for RSA indexes acquisitions. Forty-eight volunteers on hemodialysis (66.7 % men) were evaluated by VM, RSA, and 24 h Holter monitoring. At the VM, the Valsalva index (VI) was the variable considered. In the RSA, the ratio and difference between the RR intervals of inspiratory and expiratory phase (E:I and E–I, respectively) were considered by traditional form (average of respiratory cycles) and independent respiratory cycles (E:Iindep and E–Iindep). The HRV indexes evaluated were standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of sequential 5-min RR interval means (SDANN), root mean square of the successive differences (rMSSD) and percentage of adjacent RR intervals with difference of duration greater than 50 ms (pNN50). The SDNN, SDANN showed significant correlation with all classic indexes of RSA (E:I: r = 0.62, 0.55, respectively, E–I: r = 0.64, 0.57, respectively), E:Iindep (r = 0.59, 0.54, respectively), E–Iindep (r = 0.47, 0.43, respectively) and VI (r = 0.42, 0.34, respectively). Significant correlation of rMSSD with E:I (r = 0.37), E–I (r = 0.41) and E:Iindep (r = 0.34) was also observed. There was no association of any variable with pNN50. Have been show high values for all variables of independent cycles method (p

Background The shank-forefoot alignment (SFA) measurement has been previously developed to enhance the applicability of foot alignment measurement in sports preseason assessment because it is reliable and less time consuming. The use of SFA measurements in the clinical context, usually done with photogrammetry, may be simplified by using the universal goniometer and no longer requiring the image processing step that takes additional time and equipment. Objective Investigate the correlation between the goniometric and photogrammetric assessment of shank-forefoot alignment in athletes. Participants Thirty volleyball athletes were recruited during a preseason assessment. Methods SFA measurements were assessed with a universal goniometer and photogrammetry. For both assessments the participants were positioned in prone with the rearfoot facing up and the ankle actively maintained in 90° of dorsiflexion. The examiner did not have access to the SFA outcome values from both measurements. A second examiner did the bi-dimensional analysis with SIMI MOTION (photogrammetric measure) and read the goniometer measures during the other SFA assessment. Data normality was tested using Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson was used to determine the correlation between both measurements. Results A reliability study determined the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC3,3) for intra-rater reliability of 0.93 for photogrammetry and of 0.81 for goniometry assessment. The correlation (p Conclusions This study describes a reliable and practical measurement procedure for shank-forefoot alignment using the universal goniometer that can be easily applied in clinical context.

Plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive disease. Diagnosis is made when there are >2000/#mL circulating plasma cells in peripheral blood or plasmacytosis >20% of total leukocyte count. We report a case of a 51-year old man with generalized bone pain and constitutional symptoms. Blood peripheral smear revealed leukocytosis with 39% plasma cells. Bone marrow biopsy showed plasma cell invasion, which confirmed the diagnosis of PCL. Additionally, the patient had markers of advanced disease. Chemotherapy with vincristine, adriamycin and dexamethasone was started. Despite an initial favourable response, the patient died 2 months later due to an infectious complication. PCL has no established treatment and has a dismal prognosis, requiring the achievement of better data to improve the disease course.

The use of functional amino acids during pregnancy has been linked to improved reproduction in mammals. In this context, arginine is a precursor in the synthesis of numerous molecules, such as nitric oxide and polyamines, which play an important role during reproduction. However, contradictory studies are found in the literature, particularly regarding the amount of supplementation and the period of pregnancy in which it is used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary arginine supplementation for pregnant sows on foetal development via a systematic review. The search for papers was performed during the month of December 2015, in the databases ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and SciELO. From a total of 5675 returned studies, only 13 papers were selected after applying selection criteria. Most (47%) of the studies that evaluated the effects of dietary arginine supplementation on foetal development in pigs used 1% arginine. Supplementation was initiated in the first third of pregnancy in 47% of tests, including in both primiparous and multiparous sows. These studies showed positive results for embryo survival and foetal development, evidenced by the increase in placental weight and the number and weight of piglets born alive. Of all evaluated studies, 53% showed benefits on foetal development. It is concluded that supplementing dietary arginine in gestating sows can benefit embryo survival and foetal development. However, to establish a supplementation plan with this amino acid, aspects related to the period of pregnancy, supplementation levels, and source of arginine must be well defined.

Objective Fat-free mass (FFM) reduction and the tendency for a reduction in surrounding fatty issue and increase in the middle are a natural consequence of growing old and should be studied in order to gain a better understanding of the aging process. This study set out to find the FFM differences between active elderly women in two age groups (60–69 and 70–80 years) and to determine which of the anthropometric measurements, body weight (BW), abdominal circumference (AC), or body mass index (BMI) are the best predictors of FFM variation within the group. Methods Eighty-one (n = 81) active elderly women of the Third Age willingly signed up to participate in the research during the activities at the University of the Third Age (UTA) in Brazil. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Body weight (BW), height (H) and the BMI were measured according to the international standards. The AC was measured in centimetres at the H of the navel and body composition was ascertained using bioimpedance analysis. The SAS program was used to perform the statistical analysis of independent samples and parametric data. Results The results showed FFM values with significant differences between the two groups, with the lowest values occurring among the women who were over 70 years of age. In the analysis, the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient for each measured independent variable was ascertained, with the BW measurement showing the highest ratio (0.900). Conclusions The BW measurement was regarded as reliable, low-cost and easy to use for monitoring FFM in elderly women who engage in physical activities.

The investigation of the factors that interfere in the well-being of the elderly and their QoL can provide theoretical and methodological subsidies in structuring actions and policies in the health area, in order to fulfill the needs of that population. In this descriptive transversal study, body composition and QoL of elderly women at the UTA program in Piracicaba (Sao Paulo, Brazil) were verified. The participants were 81 women from UTA, and the general levels of physical activity were evaluated, as well as body weight (BW), height, and body mass index (BMI). The waist circumference (WC) was measured at the level of the umbilical scar and the body composition by impedance (BIA 310e). QoL was verified by means of WHOQOL-Bref and statistical analysis developed with the SAS program. The decrease of weight, height, BMI, and fat-free mass (FFM) was observed among the several age groups, although with no significant difference. The average levels of the general QoL scores and physical, psychological and environmental domains decreased in higher age groups, but social domains showed the opposite result. This fact can be a particular characteristic of the UTA group, and factors the influence such behavior are yet to be studied.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento da equipe do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) e da busca ativa domiciliar na detecção de casos de TB em uma comunidade de baixa renda de Fortaleza. MÉTODOS: Intervenção realizada na área de abrangência de um centro de saúde de Fortaleza, Ceará, com cinco equipes do PSF, responsáveis por cerca de 25.000 pessoas. Treinaram-se todas as equipes de saúde do centro de saúde e implantou-se a busca ativa domiciliar apenas na área de abrangência da Equipe 5. Comparou-se o número de casos detectados em cada uma das cinco áreas antes e depois da intervenção, bem como os casos na área 5 com os das outras áreas e com os casos notificados no município de Fortaleza durante o mesmo período. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um aumento no número de casos de TB detectados na área do estudo: de 1 caso em 2002 para 22 em 2004 (p < 0,005), sem diferença entre a área em que foi feita a busca domiciliar e as outras quatro (p > 0,05). Houve um aumento significativo no número de casos detectados na área do estudo em comparação com aquele no município como um todo (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O treinamento e a sensibilização da equipe de saúde da família foram capazes de promover um aumento na detecção de casos de TB em uma comunidade de baixa renda. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact that Family Health Program (FHP) team training and active surveillance have on the detection of TB cases in a low-income community in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. METHODS: The study was performed in an area with approximately 25,000 inhabitants, served by a health care center with five FHP teams, in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. Although all of the teams were trained, active surveillance was carried out only in one of the areas (area 5). We compared the number of TB cases detected in each of the five areas prior to and after the intervention. We also compared the number of TB cases detected in area 5 to the number of those detected in the other areas, as well as to the citywide number of reported TB cases in Fortaleza, within the same period. RESULTS: The number of TB cases detected in the area studied increased from 1 in 2002 to 22 in 2004 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the number of TB cases in area 5 and that observed for each of the other four areas (p > 0.05). There was a significant increase in the number of TB cases detected in the area studied when compared to the city as a whole (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Training and sensitization of FHP professionals were effective in promoting an increase in the number of TB cases detected in a low-income community.