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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between acute-phase reactants and oxidative stress and epilepsy.Methods: The patient group consisted of 67 patients who applied to the Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with generalized type epilepsy according to ILAE classification, 33 were receiving monotherapy and 34 were receiving antiepileptic medication in the form of polytherapy. The control group included 30 healthy volunteer participants with similar sociodemographic characteristics in the same age range, without epilepsy or any known chronic disease. Total anti-Oxidant Status (TAS) and total Oxidant Status (TOS) were measured according to the method developed by Erel, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels were measured.Results: Both TOS and OSI levels of the patients who received antiepileptic monotherapy and polytherapy were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.004, the TOS levels of the patients who received antiepileptic monotherapy and polytherapy were 19.29 ± 1.27, 19.22 ± 1.26, respectively, control group 14.49 ± 1.75, OSI levels of patients receiving antiepileptic monotherapy and polytherapy 1.66 ± 0.12, 1.72 ± 0.11, control group 1.27 ± 0.11), respectively. The Hs-CRP level (0.59 ± 0.06 mg / L, 1.09 ± 0.06 mg / L, respectively) of the patients who received monotherapy and polytherapy was statistically significant compared to the control group (0.42 ± 0.02 mg / L) significantly higher.Conclusion: In this study, the findings suggest that epileptic seizures increase oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant mechanisms are insufficient to reduce oxidative damage. In addition, considering the high serum Hs-CRP levels, it is extremely important to develop treatment strategies that can control the inflammatory process in treating resistant epilepsy., Amaç: Bu çalışmada akut faz reaktanları ile oksidatif stres ve epilepsi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Hasta grubu, Çocuk Nörolojisi polikliniğine başvuran ve ILAE sınıflamasına göre jeneralize tip epilepsi tanısı alan, 33’ü monoterapi, 34’ü ise politerapi şeklinde antiepileptik ilaç tedavisi almakta olan 67 hastadan oluşmaktaydı. Kontrol grubu, epilepsi veya bilinen herhangi bir kronik hastalığı olmayan, aynı yaş aralığında benzer sosyodemografik özelliklere sahip özelliklere sahip 30 sağlıklı gönüllü katılımcıyı içeriyordu. Toplam anti-oksidan durumu (TAS) ve toplam oksidan durumu (TOS) Erel tarafından geliştirilen yönteme göre ölçülmüş ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) hesaplanmıştır. Hassas C-reaktif protein (Hs-CRP) seviyeleri ölçüldü.Bulgular: Antiepileptik monoterapi ve politerapi alan hastaların hem TOS hem OSI düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu(p=0.004), antiepileptik monoterapi ve politerapi alan hastaların TOS düzeyleri sırasıyla 19.29±1.27, 19.22±1.26, kontrol grubu 14.49±1.75, antiepileptik monoterapi ve politerapi alan hastaların OSI düzeyleri sırasıyla 1.66±0.12, 1.72±0.11, kontrol grubu 1.27±0.11). Monoterapi ve politerapi alan hastaların Hs-CRP düzeyi (sırasıyla 0.59±0.06 mg/L, 1.09±0.06 mg/L), kontrol grubuna göre (0.42±0.02 mg/L) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, epileptik nöbetin oksidatif stres parametrelerini arttırdığı ve antioksidan mekanizmaların oksidatif hasarı azaltmada yetersiz kaldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca yüksek serum Hs-CRP seviyeleri göz önüne alındığında, dirençli epilepsinin tedavisinde inflamatuar süreci kontrol edebilen tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi son derece önemlidir.

Background. Currently, pneumonia ranks 4-5 rate in the world in the structure of death causes after cardiovascular and cancer diseases, cerebrovascular pathology, injuries and poisonings. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the indicators of the oxidative-antioxidant system and their relationship with the strength of the respiratory muscles in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Methods. The study was carried out in the period 2017-2020 on the basis of the therapeutic department of the Municipal non-profit enterprise "City Clinical Multidisciplinary Hospital № 25" of Kharkiv City Council. The study involved 52 adult patients with CAP aged 18 to 80 years. The control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy humans. It was determinated the activity of malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase, level of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. The assessment of the RM strength was investigated by recording the maximum static pressures at the level of the mouth and nose with “closed” airways using a MicroRPM apparatus on the 1st and 10th days of illness. Results. Dysfunction of expiratory respiratory muscles prevailed in patients with non-severe CAP, and inspiratory respiratory muscles in patients with severe CAP. Were established significant negative correlations of malondialdehyde with indicators of respiratory muscles strength and positive correlations with glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Conclusions. The presence of relationships between pro- and antioxidant indicators and respiratory muscles strength complements the concept of the body's systemic response on pulmonary inflammation – one of the markers of respiratory muscles dysfunction. KEYWORDS: community-acquired pneumonia, respiratory muscles, oxidative-antioxidant system.

The importance of supplements used with exercise is increasing day by day. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation with different intensities of exercise on oxidative stress through dynamic thiol disulfide homeostasis. Fourty two BALB/c mice were used and randomly divided into 6 groups; control (C), low-intensity exercise (LIE), high-intensity exercise (HIE), C+CrM (4% of daily diet), LIE+CrM, and HIE+CrM groups. Exercise groups were performed low-intensity (8m/min/30min/day) and high-intensity (24m/min/30min/day) exercise on a mouse treadmill for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the thiol disulfide homeostasis levels analyzed by using a new automated measurement technique. When the native thiol and total thiol values were examined the difference between the groups was statistically significant (respectively, p=0.029, p=0,035). Creatine intake with exercise decreased native thiol and total thiol levels. However, serum disulfide levels were lower in LIE+CrM compared to other study groups, but there was no statistically significant difference. It is thought that creatine supplementation with exercise reduces the thiol-disulfide homeostasis burden of the organism, and that after the depletion of creatine stores, the sustainability of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis can be extended, thus prolonging the duration of antioxidant resistance.

The aim of this study was to determine oxidative stress caused by mercury chloride (HgCl2) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver tissue. For this purpose, the LD50 value of HgCl2 on rainbow trout was determined as 551 μg/L. In the study, 40 fish in four groups were exposed to 25% and 50% (138 and 276 µg/L) of the two subletal doses of HgCl2 for 2 and 7 days, with 10 fish (n=10) in each group. To determine oxidative stress; peroxynitrite (ONOO−), total oxidant level (TOS), total antioxidant level (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. In the study, it was observed that the differences between the groups in terms of ONOO−, TOS, TAS and OSI levels in the liver tissues was significant (P0.05) in terms of MDA values. As a result, it can be concluded that HgCl2 increases ONOO−, TOS, TAS, OSI and MDA levels in liver tissue and even small doses of mercury are toxic to fish.

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its role in suicidal behavior has not been clarified yet. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant status in the serum of suicide attempters in Ilam city. Methods: Fifty suicide attempters and 40 control subjects (volunteers) aged 18-35 years were studied in the current experiment. To consider the oxidant-antioxidant status, serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured. Results: Serum levels of SOD and TAC were significantly lower in the suicide attempters group compared to the controls. Furthermore, serum NO level was significantly higher in the suicide attempters compared to the control groups. Interestingly, the serum level of MDA was significantly lower in the suicide attempters compared to the control groups. Conclusion: The oxidative stress without MDA elevation, detected in suicide attempters, can be considered a biochemical hallmark in suicide behavior.

Objective We aimed to evaluate apelin‐13 levels, total oxidant/antioxidant status in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to investigate the relationship between these parameters. Methods Patients newly diagnosed with AD were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals. Serum levels of apelin‐13, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured. Oxidative stress index was calculated (TOS/TAS) for each participant. Results We reported that serum apelin‐13 and TAS values were significantly lower in the AD group compared with controls, and they found a fair but insignificant relationship between Apelin‐13 and TAS values. Conclusion According to our results, we suggested that insufficient apelin‐13 and TAS levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD., The purpose of this study was to evaluate apelin‐13 levels, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and investigate the relationship among these parameters. Patients newly diagnosed with AD were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals. Serum levels of apelin‐13, TAS, and TOS were measured. Oxidative stress index was calculated (TOS/TAS) for each participant. Apelin‐13 and TAS values were significantly lower in the AD group compared to controls. There was a fair but insignificant correlation between apelin‐13 and TAS values. Insufficient levels of apelin‐13 and TAS may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.

Introduction The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the elderly population is growing. The elements of metabolic syndrome in an aging society are currently being researched. Atherosclerosis is a slow process in which the first symptoms may be observed after many years. The mechanisms underlying the progression of atherosclerosis are oxidative stress and inflammation. Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with the increased incidence of metabolic syndrome. Taking the above into consideration, metabolic syndrome is thought to be a clinical equivalent of atherosclerosis. Aim The aim of this paper is to review the impact of the interplay of oxidant-antioxidant and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome in general as well as its components in the pathophysiology which underlies development of atherosclerosis in elderly individuals. Methods A systematic scan of online resources designed for elderly (≥65 years) published from 2005 to the end of 2020 were reviewed. This was supplemented with grey literature and then all resources were narratively analyzed. The analysis included the following terms: "atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome" and "oxidative stress or inflammation" and "elderly" to find reports of atherosclerotic disease from asymptomatic to life-threatening among the elderly population with metabolic syndrome . Results The work summarizes articles that were applicable to this study, including systematic reviews, qualitative studies and opinion pieces. Current knowledge focuses on monitoring the inflammation and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in disentangling atherosclerosis in patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. The population-based studies described inflammation, increased oxidative stress and weak antioxidant defense systems as the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis development. Moreover, there are discussions that these targets could potentially be a point of intervention to reduce the development of atherosclerosis in the elderly, especially those with altered glucose and lipid metabolism. Specific markers may be used as an approach for the prevention and lifestyle modification of atherosclerotic disease in such population. Conclusion Metabolic syndrome and its components are important contributors in the progression of atherosclerotic disease in the elderly population but constant efforts should be made to broaden our knowledge of elderly groups who are the most susceptible for the development of atherosclerosis complications.

The present study set out to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on oxidant–antioxidant systems of homogenized bovine lung tissue and the possible protective effects of cigarette filters imp...

Bergenin is a C-glucoside derivative of gallic acid claimed to exhibit antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. However, its effect on sodium selenite-induced oxidative damage has never been el...

ALKIS, Mehmet Esref/0000-0002-3321-2873; Dasdag, Suleyman/0000-0003-1211-9677; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf/0000-0003-2826-2734 The continuously increasing usage of cell phones has raised concerns about the adverse effects of microwave radiation (MWR) emitted by cell phones on health. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have claimed that MWR may cause various kinds of damage in tissues. The aim of this study is to examine the possible effects of exposure to low-intensity MWR on DNA and oxidative damage in the livers of rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three equal groups randomly (n = 6). Group 1 (Sham-control): rats were kept under conditions the same as those of other groups, except for MWR exposure. Group 2: rats exposed to 1800 MHz (SAR: 0.62 W/kg) at 0.127 +/- 0.04 mW/cm(2) power density, and Group 3: rats exposed to 2,100 MHz (SAR: 0.2 W/kg) at 0.038 +/- 0.03 mW/cm(2) power density. Microwave application groups were exposed to MWR 2 h/day for 7 months. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and DNA damage, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and total oxidant-antioxidant parameter analyses were conducted in their liver tissue samples. It was found that 1800 and 2100 MHz low-intensity MWR caused a significant increase in MDA, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and comet assay tail intensity (P < 0.05), while total antioxidant status levels (P < 0.05) decreased. The results of our study showed that whole-body exposure to 1800 and 2100 MHz low-intensity MWR emitted by cell phones can induce oxidative stress by altering oxidant-antioxidant parameters and lead to DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in the liver of rats. Bioelectromagnetics. (c) 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is both a strong antioxidant and a glutathione precursor. The effect of NAC on the oxidant/antioxidant status of some tissues of the irradiated rats was investigated. Twenty one rats were assigned to 3 groups; the control group, the irradiation group, for which physiological saline solution was administered as i.p. for three days and then, 9 Gy gamma irradiation was applied, and 3rd irradiation + NAC group for which NAC was adminis-tered as i.p. for three days as 300 mg/kg body weight and then the same dose of irradiation was applied. Upon irradia-tion, the increase determined in malondialdehyde (MDA) was significant in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues of the rats (P˂0.05). While glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity decreased in all of the tissues and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity only in the liver (P˂0.01), glutathione (GSH) levels significantly increased in the kidney and ovarium tissues (P˂0.001). While NAC administration returned the increased MDA levels in the kidney and brain as a result of irradiation to normal levels (P˂0.05), it was determined that it did not return the increased MDA levels in the liver tissue to the normal level (P˂0.001). While NAC addition led to a significant increase in GSH levels of the liver, heart, spleen, brain and ovarium tissues compared to both control and irradiation groups, it caused a significant decrease in the kid-ney tissue compared to irradiation group (P˂0.001). As a result of NAC addition, a significant decrease was determined in spleen GSH-Px activity, heart and ovarium SOD activity compared to control and irradiation groups (P˂0.05). It can be asserted that GSH increasing by the addition of NAC is the main antioxidant that has a role in decreasing oxidative stress occurring as a result of irradiation. In the examination of MDA values, it was found that the addition of NAC pro-tected the kidney and brain against the oxidative damage induced by irradiation but NAC addition could remain insuffi-cient for the liver.

Introduction: The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the oxidative stress markers and the level of oxidative DNA damage in the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. Materials/Methods: Sixty-two subjects matched for age and gender, including 31 patients with head and neck cancer and 31 control patients without cancer symptoms, were enrolled in our study. In our work, the activity of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as a total antioxidant status (TAS), were estimated. Additionally, an alkaline comet assay was used to measure the level of DNA damage in the group of patients with head and neck cancer and the group of healthy control patients. These tests were performed on a blood sample with and without prior incubation of dinitratebis (1-phenyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-N1pyrazol-κN2)cooper(II). Results: Significant increases of SOD, GPX CAT, TAS (P

Changes in plasma concentrations of trace elements and oxidants/antioxidants were evaluated in twenty healthy Boerboels of both sexes and median age of 2 years. Antero-posterior and flexed lateral radiographs of the hip were obtained using digital x-ray machine and hip grading was done according to Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) system. Blood was collected from the cephalic vein for determination of plasma concentrations of manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Vitamin E. Correlation between the parameters was done using Pearson’s correlation. Eleven (11/20) of the Boerboel dogs had hip dysplasia (HD), comprising five (5/9) males and six (6/11) females. Plasma Mn, Cu and Co were insignificantly higher in Boerboels with normal hips than those with HD. MDA concentration was significantly (p

Objective: Investigating the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on the testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride CdCl2 in male rats. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: 40 male Wistar rats. Procedures: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: A) control group (each rat daily received pellet diet); B) GTE group each rat daily received pellet diet as well as 3 ml of 1.5 % w/v GTE, C) CdCl2 group each rat was I/P injected a single dose of 1 mg/kg CdCl2, then daily received pellet diet, and D) CdCl2+GTE group each rat was I/P injected a single dose of 1 mg/kg CdCl2 then daily received pellet diet as well as 3 ml of 1.5 % w/v GTE. After 30 days, blood samples were collected for hormonal assays (testosterone, FSH, and LH). In addition, both testes were collected; one of them was used for quantification of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III (17β-HSDIII) gene expression using a real-time PCR. The other testis was used for determination of catalase and reduced glutathione; GSH, Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: CdCl2 decreased serum testosterone levels and its synthesis pathway (17β-HSDIII testicular gene expression). While antioxidants catalase and GSH were reduced, oxidants MDA were enriched in the testes of CdCl2-poisoned rats. This CdCl2-promoted testicular dysfunction was corrected via the administration of GTE to male rats. Conclusion and clinical relevance: GTE could be used as a remedy for protecting against CdCl2-induced testicular damage in male rats.

This study investigated the effects of curcumin and capsaicin on testicular and hepatic oxidant–antioxidant status in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (8 rats per group). The control group was fed a normal control diet (standard laboratory chow), the HFD group was fed HFD (60% of total calories from fat), the HFD+CUR group received HFD supplemented with curcumin (1.5 g curcumin/kg HFD), the HFD+CAP group was given HFD supplemented with capsaicin (0.15 g capsaicin/kg HFD), and the HFD+CUR+CAP group received HFD supplemented with curcumin and capsaicin for 16 weeks. Hepatic and testicular thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione transferase activity, and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase protein expression and enzyme activities were measured. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting. GSH levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured with colorimetric methods. HFD slightly increased hepatic and testicular oxidative stress parameters. GSH levels did not change between groups. TBARS and ROS levels were significantly reduced in the HFD+CUR+CAP group compared with the HFD group. Liver and testis antioxidant enzyme activities and expression increased significantly with combined capsaicin and curcumin treatment. Curcumin and capsaicin treatment attenuated testicular and hepatic oxidative stress and enhanced the antioxidant defense system. The combination of capsaicin and curcumin with HFD seems to have some remarkable and beneficial effects on testicular oxidative damage in the fatty liver rat model.

Effect of vitamins A, D3, E and H supplementation on oxidative stress/antioxidant indices in buffaloes suffering from trypanosomosis was investigated. Changes in the oxidative stress parameters viz...

Aims Oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the main causes of infertility in diabetic patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Tempol – as a synthetic antioxidant- on the testis oxidative stress and sperm parameters in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Main methods Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Control groups (C) and diabetic groups (D); the control and diabetic groups received Tempol (100 mg/kg) for one month. Sperm parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated in testicular tissue. Key findings The results demonstrated that administration of Tempol in diabetic rats improved sperm motility and viability and decreased the count of abnormal sperms. Also Tempol decreased the fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, Tempol significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in testis tissue of T2D rats. Histopathological changes were also improved in the diabetic treated group. Significance Taken together, the results indicated that Tempol improved fertility parameters in a diabetic rat through reducing oxidative stress.

In order to evaluate the effect of different types of phototherapy on oxidant/antioxidant status in hyperbilirubinemic neonates, an interventional randomized control trial was conducted on 120 neonates ≥35 weeks' gestational age with indirect hyperbilirubinemia reaching phototherapy level. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03074292. Neonates were assigned to three groups; 40 neonates received conventional phototherapy, 40 received intensive phototherapy and 40 received blue light-emitting diodes (LED) phototherapy. Complete blood count (CBC), total serum bilirubin (TSB), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) levels were measured before and 24 hours after phototherapy. TSB decreased postphototherapy in all three groups (p.05 for all), with significantly lower levels following intensive and LED phototherapy compared to conventional phototherapy (p.05 for both). TAC decreased postphototherapy in the three groups (p.05 for all). MDA and NO increased postphototherapy (p.05 for all), with the intensive phototherapy group having the highest levels followed by the conventional while LED phototherapy group showed the lowest levels in comparison to the other groups (p.05). Cu, Zn and Fe increased postphototherapy in all three groups (p.05 for all). Positive correlations were found between postphototherapy TSB with TAC, Cu and Zn (p.05) and negative correlations with MDA, NO and Fe (p.05) among neonates of the 3 studied groups. In conclusion, different photo therapies have an impact on oxidant/antioxidant balance and are associated with increased oxidative stress markers with the LED phototherapy being the safest.

Oxidative stress is a potential mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Although a tendency for hypercoagulability has been reported in IDA, its underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. This study investigated the probable relationship between oxidative stress and hypercoagulability in children with IDA. This study included 57 children diagnosed with IDA (IDA group) between October 2016 and October 2017 in addition to 48 healthy children (control group). The maximum clot firmness (MCF) index, and clot formation time (CFT) index, which are indicators of hypercoagulability in rotational thromboelastometry assays [intrinsic TEM (INTEM) and extrinsic TEM (EXTEM)] derived from our previous study, were recorded. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were analysed from serum samples of the individuals. In IDA group, OSI and TOS levels were higher and TAC level was lower compared to the control group (P

In elderly, hormones and oxidant-antioxidant interplay are suggested to mediate biochemical balance between adipose tissue to other tissues. Thus the study attempts to explore metabolic traits, plasma resistin, and oxidant-antioxidant markers in metabolic syndrome (MetS) in comparison to non-metabolic syndrome (non-MetS) elderly individuals. A total of 541 healthy elderly Caucasians, with no acute and/or chronic disorders were invited. After taking into account inclusion/exclusion criteria’s the MetS was defined as the presence of three out of five abnormal findings and allowed to divided groups into: non-metabolic syndrome, non-MetS ( n = 25, median age 69.0 years), and newly diagnosed MetS ( n = 29; median age 70.5 years) individuals. Glucose, plasma lipids, resistin (Res), thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) were measured. The MetS had higher resistin than non-MetS ( p 2 = 0.23; p 2 = 0.53; p = 0.0004) moreover in that group TAS correlated negatively with HDL-C (β = −0.71; R = 0.72; R 2 = 0.37; p = 0.01). While age correlated negatively with systolic blood pressure (β = −0.60; R = 0.62; R 2 = 0.14; p = 0.03) independently from other factors in the non-MetS group. Various metabolic factors contribute to maintain serum resistin and oxidant-antioxidant balance in the elderly people in the presence or absence of MetS. Resistin may serve as a predictor of MetS in the elderly, while strong antioxidant defense interactions in older individuals may indicate good health.

Aims This research sought to determine the impact of serum G receptor-mediated protein-1 (GPER-1) levels on the development of retinopathy in diabetic patients, comparing them to healthy individuals. Methods Forty patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) (Group 1), 40 patients without DR (NDR) (Group 2) and 40 healthy individuals (Group 3) were included in this study. Serum progesterone, GPER-1, oestradiol, oxidant/antioxidant and thyroid-releasing hormone (TSH) levels were analysed and compared among the groups. Post hoc analysis was performed to compare the sub-groups in which statistically significant differences were found. Results A significant difference was found among all groups in terms of GPER-1, oxidant/antioxidant and oestradiol levels (p

BACKGROUND: Despite frequent warnings of irreversible side effects of smoking in public media, the consumption of cigarette is increasing dramatically in both developed and developing countries. Cigarette smoke contains different kinds of chemicals, which all capable of inducing free radical production. There are studies supporting the idea that these free radicals have adverse effects in body and causing oxidative stress. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is considered as the total effect of all antioxidants and total oxidant status (TOS) shows the total effect of all oxidants existing in body fluids. Therefore, this research focused on the measurement and comparison of these markers in the serum of university students. METHODS: This study designed to determine the total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels in the serum of active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers in university students. A total of 150 participants were included in the study. The study population consisted of 50 smokers, 50 passive smokers and 50 nonsmokers. In serum samples, the levels of TAC and TOS were measured by spectrophotometric method using Rel Assay Diagnostics kit. Oxidative stress index was calculated through the TOS/TAC formula in three groups. RESULTS: The mean value TAC levels in serum samples of the three groups of smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers were 1.096, 1.220 and 1.844 mmol Trolox equivalent/L, respectively, which were significantly greater in nonsmokers than smokers and passive smokers. The mean value TOS levels in serum samples of the three groups of smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers were 13.747, 11.099 and 7.6510 µmol H2O2 equivalent/L, respectively, which were significantly lower in nonsmokers than two other groups. OSI values in smokers and passive smokers were significantly higher than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, the antioxidant capacity in all smokers (active and inactive) was less than the control group (non-smokers). The results of this study showed that smoking reduces the activity of the antioxidant defense system and activates the oxidative stress system in the body. Based on these findings, it can be clearly concluded that the decrease in antioxidant capacity in smokers is associated with increased production of oxidants and free radicals.

Depression is one of the prevalent psychiatric diseases in Turkey and the world. Fluvoxamine is a strong selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is used as an antidepressant. No study investigating the doses of Fluvoxamine treatment that may lead to a disruption in the oxidant-antioxidant balance on the cellular level in addition to its beneficial effects has been found in the literature. For this purpose, by creating Fluvoxamine application groups at the doses of 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 μM and durations of 24 and 48 hours on human lymphocyte cell cultures, we investigated the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI). According to the results of the study, the TOS levels of all dose groups increased significantly in the 24- and 48-hour applications (p

Background Stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Also, free radicals and oxidative stress are deleterious factor in the stroke progression. We aimed to evaluate the association between oxidative stress markers and odds of having risk factor for stroke or developing stroke. Methods The present case control study conducted on 556 participants in Imam-Reza hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Subjects were divided into three group, including individuals with acute ischemic stroke, at risk of stroke, and healthy controls. All enrolled participants except for controls underwent neurological examinations and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Stroke-related disability and stroke severity were evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), respectively. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured within 48 hours of stroke. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests for comparing characteristics between groups, multivariable logistic regression for odds of stroke based on MDA and TAC quartiles, and Spearman’s correlation were used. Results Serum MDA was significantly higher in stroke group than controls in addition to systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Higher levels of MDA increased odds of stroke development (P

It is unclear how aerobic exercise program effects oxidative stress and antioxidant defense parameters in obese children; therefore, our objective is to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant in obese boys. Our study included 10 obese boys, aged from 13 to 15, and 10 healthy boys as control group. Before and after exercise, 10 ml blood specimens were taken from the obese boys, who exercised 3 days/week for 12 weeks. 10 ml blood specimens were also taken from the health control group. The oxidative stress and antioxidant defense parameter levels in blood samples were measured for both groups. In our study, it was found that control group and obese children after aerobic exercise had significantly higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and paraoxonase-1 values than those of obese boys before aerobic exercise. On the other hand, it was found that after aerobic exercise, control group and obese children had significantly lower malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and carbonyl values than those of obese boys before aerobic exercise. When these findings are taken into account, it may be suggested that aerobic exercise regulated oxidative stress and improved the state of antioxidant status in obese boys.

Objective: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is the most common functional abdominal pain disorder among children and adolescents according to the Rome IV criteria. The aim of the study was to determine the possible effect of the equilibrium of oxidant and antioxidant and trace elements in pediatric FD. Material and Methods: The patient group consisted of 23 children who were diagnosed with FD according to the Rome IV Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders. The control group consisted of 23 children aged 11-17 who did not meet the Rome IV criteria and had no chronic disease. Measurements of zinc, copper levels and recently developed new generation oxidant-antioxidant balance markers were performed spectrophotometrically using a commercial kit. Routinely measured hemogram and vitamin B12 and vitamin D test results were obtained from the patient files retrospectively. Results: In comparison of the control group, the pediatric FD group had significantly higher levels of oxidized thiol, ischemia-modified albumin, neutrophil and neutrophil/lymphocyte, a significantly lower lymphocyte count and reduced thiol ratio, and significantly lower vitamin D, native thiol, and copper levels. Conclusion: FD is potentially related to inflammation, serum copper content, and oxidative stress. However, the relationship between FD and inflammation, copper levels, and oxidative stress has not been adequately investigated in children. As a conclusion of this clinical trial, thiol balance, ischemia modified albumin, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, vitamin D and copper content will likely be essential for diagnosis and follow-up in pediatric FD

Earlier works have revealed increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mixed insulin therapy on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with T1DM. This study involved 75 participants who were divided into three groups: 20 healthy subjects as a control, 25 newly diagnosed patients with T1DM (without treatment) and 30 patients with T1DM treated with insulin (regular and Human Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)) twice daily. Fasting serum glucose (FSG), serum concentrations of insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and vitamins (C and E) were measured in all participants. Compared with the healthy control, serum glucose and MDA concentrations were observed to be significantly higher, while significantly lower concentrations of CAT, GSH, and vitamins (C and E) were found in both the treated and untreated diabetic groups. Although insulin therapy caused a significant decrease in blood sugar with a marked elevation in the levels of insulin, CAT, GSH and vitamin E compared to the untreated patients, the changes in the levels of MDA and vitamin C between diabetic groups were not significant. Moreover, the level of insulin resistance was significantly increased in insulin-treated patients as compared to the control and untreated diabetic groups. In conclusion, twice daily treatment with regular and NPH insulin can ameliorate hyperglycemia and improve antioxidant levels in patients with T1DM. However, the insulin regimen used in this study did not reveal a beneficial effect on oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Hence, exogenous antioxidants (vitamins C and E) can be used in combination with insulin to control these parameters.

Background: Although punicalaginis known for its strong antioxidant properties, the current literature lacks knowledge about the direct oral consumption of punicalagin in rabbits. Therefore, the present study evaluated the potential effects of this powerful antioxidant in male rabbits. Methods: The rabbits (n=24) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups; controls (tap water) and 3 different doses of punicalagin in tap water (1, 2 and 10 mg/kg punicalagin). At the end of the experiment (9 wk), blood samples were taken and rabbits were sacrificed. The liver and kidney tissues were collected for oxidant and antioxidant parameters. Result: Punicalagin did not cause any clinical symptoms. Body weights and feed intakes were not affected by punicalagin treatments. Similarly, the hematological parameters such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets did not differ among the treatments. Serum glucose, urea, creatinine, amylase, lipase, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were within the physiological ranges. Two highest doses used in the experiment decreased malondialdehyde levels and positively affected superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities (P less than 0.05). Therefore, the current study suggests a lack of harmful effects and promising antioxidant capacity of punicalagin in male New Zealand rabbits up to 10 mg/kg/day dose levels.

Among today's health problems, metabolic diseases are at the forefront. Hypothyroidism (HT) is a disease characterized by increased TSH, decreased T3&T4 concentrations in serum, with overall metabolic slowdown. Although there are many studies in the literature about oxidative status in HT, statements in these studies are contradictory. In our study, the effect of essential oils obtained from the leaves, flowers, and roots of Myrtus communis L. on oxidative metabolism in an HT model induced by propylthiouracil (PTU) in rats was investigated. A total of 36 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: (1) Control, (2) PTU, (3) M. communis L. oil 200 (MO 200), (4) M. communis L. oil 400 (MO 400), (5) PTU + MO 200, and (6) PTU + MO 400. In our study, while oxidative status deteriorates in groups given PTU, antioxidant activity increases in groups given M. communis L. oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Essential oils are aromatic oily liquids derived from different parts of plants. M. communis L. is one of the best-known herbs in the class of aromatic and medicinal plants. This paper emphasizes the effect of M. communis L. oil on the negative oxidative state that occurs in HT conditions. The present study provides a positive effect of essential oils obtained from the M. communis L. on the oxidative state seen in HT. In light of this information, it may be beneficial to use M. communis L. oil due to its antioxidative effect in HT conditions.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic effects of quercetin (QUE) against oxidative damages and histological changes induced by 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in rat heart. For this purpose, 20 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as fellow control group, TCDD group (10µg/kg BW/day by gavage daily for 60 consecutive days), QUE group (30 mg/kg BW/day) and TCDD + QUEgroup. The oxidative biomarkers of heart tissue and the levels of cTnI and lipid profile in serum were measured. Our results showed that the cTnI serum level and the heart lipid peroxidation significantly increased and the heart level of antioxidant profile significantly decreased in the TCDD group compared to control and QUEgroups. While pretreatment with QUEcould significantly improved these factors in serum and heart tissue in animals that consumed TCDD. It can be concluded that QUEat doses of 30 mg/kg/day could alleviate heart oxidative damage and histological changes induced by TCDD.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, otoimmün karaciğer hastalığında (AILD) belirteç olarak total antioksidan durum (TAS), oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI), total oksidan durum (TOS), iskemi modifiye albumin (IMA) ve iskemi modifiye albumin oranının (IMAR) yararı değerlendirildi.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 22'si otoimmün hepatit (AIH), 32'si primer biliyer kolanjit (PBC) ve 12'si AIH/PBC örtüşme sendromu olan toplam 66 AILD hastası ve 49 sağlıklı kontrol içermekteydi. Serum TAS, TOS, IMA, albumin (Alb), laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH), alkalen fosfataz (ALP), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), direkt bilirubin (DBil) ve 25-hidroksivitamin D (25 [OH] D) analiz edildi. OSI, TOS/TAS olarak hesaplandı ve IMAR, IMA ve Alb'den türetildi.Bulgular: Serum TAS, TOS, OSI, IMA ve IMAR değerleri AILD grubunda kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0.004, Objective: Current study evaluated the utility of total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and ischemia-modified albumin ratio (IMAR) as markers in autoimmune liver disease (AILD).Material and Methods: The study included a total of 66 AILD patients, 22 with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 32 with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and 12 with AIH/PBC overlap syndrome, and 49 healthy controls. Serum TAS, TOS, IMA, albumin (Alb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were analyzed. OSI was calculated as TOS/TAS and IMAR was derived from IMA and Alb.Results: Serum TAS, OSI, TOS, IMA, and IMAR values were found to be significantly higher in the AILD group compared to controls (p=0.004

Bulut O, Duruyen S. Impacts of phototherapy on DNA damage and total oxidant/antioxidant status in jaundiced newborns. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 697-703. Jaundice is common in newborn babies, and pathologic hyperbilirubinemia is frequently treated with phototherapy. Although it is considered to be safe, the side effects of phototherapy in newborns are still a matter of debate. In this study, the impacts of two types of phototherapy, conventional fluorescence and intensive light-emitting diodes (LED), on DNA damage and total oxidant/ antioxidant status in jaundiced newborns were assessed. The study group included 40 newborns (gestation age ≥ 37 weeks) on days 2-8 after birth. Newborns were divided into two groups on the basis of need for phototherapy: 20 newborns were exposed to conventional phototherapy (Group I); and 20 infants were exposed to intensive phototherapy (Group II). Blood samples were taken from all infants at admission and after phototherapy to determine plasma 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OH-dG; a marker of DNA damage), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The oxidative stress index (OSI) was also calculated. Demographic information was recorded, and DNA damage, TOS, and TAC were compared. There were no differences in demographic information between the two groups. There were no significant differences in DNA damage, TOS, TAC, and OSI between Groups I and II before phototherapy (p > 0.05) and no significant differences in DNA damage, TOS, TAC, and OSI between the two groups after phototherapy (p > 0.05). However, the TAC decreased significantly in both groups after phototherapy (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that conventional and intensive phototherapies do not affect DNA damage and oxidative stress, supporting the safety of its use as the preferred treatment for jaundiced newborns.

333 Acupuncture has been used in treating obesity even before 1975. Effect mechanism and beneficial effects of acupuncture treatment are unclear. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful by-products of human body metabolism. The oxidative effects of ROS are neutralized by the antioxidant capacity. Thiols are substantial antioxidant agents and found in cysteine amino acid. Cysteine residues form disulfide bridges, predictor of oxidant stress. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important parameter associated with several disorders such as cardiac, endocrine, neurologic diseases. To date, the effect of acupuncture on oxidative stress and thiol–disulfide homeostasis in obese individuals has not yet been examined. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acupuncture for weight control on dynamic thiol–disulfide homeostasis. A total of 101 subjects who were being treated for weight control at our center (89 women and 12 men, body mass index (BMI) ≥22.48) were randomly enrolled in this study, and treated with ear & body acupuncture. Body acupuncture is given manually. Ear acupuncture is given with a needle embedded within adhesive tape through performing acupressure by the patients three times per day. We measured the levels of thiol, any organic compound containing –SH group. Reduced thiol was represented with native thiol (-SH). Oxidized thiol (-S-S) was represented by disulfide. Total thiol was composed of sum of the native thiol and disulfide levels. We analyzed the differences between baseline BMI, blood native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels, and those after 10 weeks of acupuncture treatment. After acupuncture treatment, significant body weight and BMI reductions were observed. Mean body weight decreased significantly from 78.66±12.66 kg before treatment to 74.46±11.29 kg after treatment (p2 before treatment to 27.98±3.68 kg/m2 after treatment (p

Background and aim: Vitamin D deficiency and oxidative stress were suggested to be related to prostate cancer risk. We aimed to investigate the association of serum PSA concentration with vitamin D...

Introduction Rosacea is a chronic, inflammatory dermatosis which develops due to the effect of genetic and environmental factors. Aim To evaluate the oxidative stress in rosacea patients by measuring serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels in our study. Material and methods Our study included rosacea patients and healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 65 years. Total antioxidant status, TOS and AOPP levels were measured and OSI was calculated. Results The study included 70 rosacea patients and 30 healthy volunteers as a control group. When TAS, TOS, OSI and AOPP levels were compared between rosacea and control groups, there was no difference for OSI levels; while TAS, TOS and AOPP levels were significantly higher in the rosacea group (p = 0.151, p = 0.013, p = 0.034, p = 0.017, respectively). In the rosacea group, there was no correlation between TAS, TOS, OSI and AOPP levels and disease duration. Besides there was no difference between family history, rosacea type, symptom frequency and ocular involvement and TAS, TOS, OSI and AOPP levels in the rosacea group. Conclusions We observed that serum TAS, TOS and AOPP levels were significantly higher in rosacea patients, but there was no significant difference among the disease activity parameters. These results can support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of rosacea.

Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with vasodilator, antioxidant and metabolic regulatory effects. However, NO may be converted into an oxidant substance, under oxidative stress conditions as severe exercise, reducing the bioavailability of NO. Therefore, NO may take part in training adaptations. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a volleyball match on serum NO level and oxidant/antioxidant status, as well as some physiological stress responses. Materials and Methods: Healthy female competitive volleyball players (n=12), and a control group (n=12) that gave up regular volleyball training at least three years prior to to the study, aged 16-22 years old, carried out spike-block jump and agility T-tests, and lactate elimination speed was determined following a Yoyo intermittent recovery test. Heart rate (HR), fingertip blood lactate levels, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during volleyball matches. Serum NO level was determined spectrophotometrically with the "Griess Reaction" method. Serum total oxidant status and total antioxidant status (TAS), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, and physiological stress markers such as serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine- (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, using venous blood samples taken before and following the matches. Results: The players’ HR, lactate and RPE levels during a match were significantly lower than those of the controls. Post-match serum TAS, CK, LDH and AST levels were significantly higher than baseline values for both player (p≤0.05) and control (p≤0.01) groups. However, post-match serum NO levels were higher than pre-match levels only in the player group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Increased NO and lowered physiological stress levels following a match may result from a higher vasodilator and recovery capacity based on training adaptation in the players, as well as the low intensity of the matches. The observation that serum NO levels did not display relationships with performance parameters may result from the anaerobic nature of volleyball.

The work is dedicated to the practical application of oxidant-antioxidant parameters and the possibility of using them for monitoring and optimize the treatment hemodialysis.

Graphical abstract, Background Early detection of oxidant-antioxidant levels and special care in severe patients are important in combating the COVID-19 epidemic. However, this process is costly and time consuming. Therefore, there is a need for faster, reliable and economical methods. Methods In this study, antioxidant/oxidant levels of patients were estimated by Expert-models using biomarkers, which are effective in the diagnosis/prognosis of COVID-19 disease. For this purpose, Expert-models were trained and created between the white-blood-cell-count (WBC), lymphocyte-count (LYM), C-reactive-protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin values of 35 patients with COVID-19 and antioxidant/oxidant parameter values of the same patients. Error criteria and R2 ratio were taken into account for the performance of the models. The validity of the all models was checked by the Box-Jenkis-method. Results Antioxidant/Oxidant levels were estimated with 95% confidence-coefficient using the values of WBC, LYM, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin of different 500 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with the trained models. The error rate of all models was low and the coefficients of determination were sufficient. In the first data set, there was no significant difference between measured antioxidant/oxidant levels and predicted antioxidant/oxidant levels. This result showed that the models are accurate and reliable. In determining antioxidant/oxidant levels, LYM and ferritin biomarkers had the most effect on models, while WBC and CRP biomarkers had the least effect. The antioxidant/oxidant parameter estimated with the highest accuracy was Native-Thiol divided by Total-Thiol. Conclusions The results showed that the antioxidant/oxidant levels of infected patients can be estimated accurately and reliably with LYM, ferritin, D-dimer, WBC, CRP biomarkers in the COVID-19 outbreak.

Conventional phototherapy converts unconjugated bilirubin to its oxidation products and consequently causes oxidative stress with lipid peroxidation products. New devices that deliver intensive phototherapy are efficacious in treating severe hyperbilirubinemia and minimizing the need for exchange transfusions. However, the oxidative stress status when using these devices has not been explored. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of using intensive phototherapy on the oxidant-antioxidant status in severely jaundiced neonates.This prospective case-control study included term newborns admitted with severe hyperbilirubinemia managed with intensive phototherapy. Baseline oxidant-antioxidant concentrations were compared to healthy controls and re-measured after 8 h of intensive phototherapy exposure.The study included 40 cases with severe jaundice and 40 non-jaundiced apparently normal controls. Total serum bilirubin at enrollment was 23.4 ± 4.2 mg/dl that significantly decreased after 8 h of therapy to 15.4 ± 3.4 mg/dl (p 0.001). The decline of total serum bilirubin was 1 mg/dl/h. Bilirubin: albumin ratio decreased from 3.45 ± 0.28 to 2.7 ± 0.21 (p 0.001). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total oxidative stress (TOS) concentrations were lower in cases (p 0.001, p 0.001, p = 0.049, and p 0.001 respectively) compared to controls. Following 8 h of intensive phototherapy, further decline of TAC (p = 0.016) with increased concentrations of TOS (p = 0.005) were noted. SOD and MDA did not change.Although efficacious, intensive phototherapy was associated with increased oxidative stress. The clinical correlates for harms related to such oxidative stress need further studying.

In the last two or three decades, physical activity (PA) has gained increasing recognition as being essential for maintaining good health and improving quality of life for all ages. To evaluate the nutritional status, oxidant/antioxidant, and inflammatory markers, in sports adolescents, a cross sectional study has done in west Algeria. A total of 110 athletes adolescents from special sport classes, aged 11-17 years, were compared to a non athletes group (n=60). Blood pressure, anthropometric and serum parameters were measured. Daily energy intake (DEI) was estimated using 24 hours recall, followed by a 3-days record. Energy expenditure (EE) was evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-S). Oxidant/antioxidant and inflammatory markers were determined. An increase in body weight and height (ppppppP P P In spite of inadequate DEI in athletes adolescents, beneficial effect of sport is observed by lowering serum TG concentrations. However, more research in this area is warranted to clarify sport nutrition needs to provide better and healthy nutritional guidance to young athletes.

The activity of selected antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in erythrocytes, and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in blood plasma and erythrocytes, were determined in people subjected to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy due to sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Venous blood samples were taken immediately before entering the hyperbaric chamber and 5 min after leaving it. In the study group, two age subgroups were distinguished: group I consisting of subjects under 35 and group II consisting of subjects over 50. The obtained values were analysed statistically using Student’s t-test. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p < 0.05. A statistically significant decrease in the CAT activity was shown 5 min after leaving the hyperbaric chamber in pooled subjects (p < 0.01) and group I (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant decrease in the erythrocyte TBARS concentration was observed in group II (p < 0.05). It was demonstrated that a single exposure to hyperbaric oxygen affects the oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium as evidenced by, e.g., a statistically significant decrease in the activity of catalase in erythrocytes. It is possible that the antioxidant response to HBO depends on the age of subjects.

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress parameters such as total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) have been studied in breast, thyroid, and simple esophageal cancers (EC). We evaluated these parameters in patients with EC and analyzed their correlations with treatment outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum TOS, TAS, and OSI in 92 patients with EC at different clinical stages and in 64 healthy people (controls) were measured. RESULTS Serum TOS, TAS, and OSI were significantly different between patients with EC and healthy controls (all p0.001); however, there were no significant differences across different clinical stages (all p0.05). These factors are not correlated with smoking or drinking history (all p0.05). Patients with EC with higher TOS and OSI and lower TAS had better responses to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, but there was no significant correlation with different responses (all p0.05). In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis comparing patients with EC with healthy controls, the Youden indices were 0.391, 0.886, and 1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum TOS, TAS, and OSI were significantly different between patients with EC and healthy controls. In patients with EC, these factors were not correlated with smoking or drinking history or with clinical stage. Patients with EC with higher TOS and OSI and lower TAS had a trend towards better outcomes but it did not reach significance. Serum TOS and OSI are potential diagnostic biomarkers that can be used to identify cases of EC.

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the key players in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Limited reports are available about the serum level of NO and their correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score in acute ( 0.05 was seen. This indicates oxidative stress in acute ischemic stroke may be the result of imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis.