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When tested in the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced paw-licking tests, the ethanol extract of Vernonia patula (VP) aerial parts showed significant antinociceptive activity. In neuropharmacological tests, it also significantly delayed the onset of sleep, increased the duration of sleeping time, and significantly reduced the locomotor activity and exploratory behaviour of mice. Five phenolic compounds, namely gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin and kaempferol, were detected in VP following HPLC-DAD analysis. The presence of these phenolic compounds in VP provides some support for the observed antinociceptive and sedative effects. A computational study was performed to predict the binding affinity of gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin and kaempferol towards the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor. Caffeic and vanillic acid showed the highest probable ligand efficiency indices towards the CB1 target. Vanillic acid displayed the best blood brain barrier penetration prediction score. These findings provide some evidence for the traditional use of VP to treat pain.

Anastomotic leakage due to post-surgical suture line disruption is one of the crucial factors affecting patient's survival and quality of life. To resolve the poor healing of surgical anastomosis and protect suture sites leakage, fibrous membrane sealing patch was developed using a synthetic polymer (polycaprolactone (PCL)) and biopolymer (gelatin). Electrospinning was used to develop fibrous architecture of membranes fabricated in different ratios (15% (w/v) PCL: 15% (w/v) gelatin mixing ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4). Experimental findings suggested that, higher gelatin content in the membranes reduced the fiber diameter and contact angle, leading to a more hydrophilic scaffold facilitating attachment to the defect site. The degradation rate of various PCL-gelatin membranes (P1G1, P1G2, P1G3 and P1G4) was proportional to the gelatin content. Cytocompatibility was assessed using L929 cells while the P1G4 (PCL: gelatin 1:4 ratio) scaffold exhibited optimum outcome. From

Background Merremia umbellata subsp. orientalis (Hallier f.), commonly known as Sapussunda in Bengali, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of different diseases such as helminthiasis, rheumatism, fever, wounds, burns, sores, management of pain due to cut etc. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant, analgesic and anthelmintic activities of ethanolic extract of stems of Merremia umbellate (ESMU). Methods Phytochemical investigation was carried by using standard chemical test as described in literatures. In vitro free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract was quantitatively estimated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals scavenging assay. Total phenolic and tannin content were spectrophotometrically determined by Folin Ciocalteu reagent whereas the flavonoid was determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Acetic acid induced writhing method and hot plate method, using Swiss albino mice, were used to investigate the analgesic effect of ESMU whereas in-vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated against Haemonchus contortus (Nematode) of cattle. Results Phytochemical screening revealed that the ESMU contain reducing sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, gums, steroid, xanthoproteins, glycosides and acidic compound. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the extract showed scavenging potential with IC50 value of 161.81 μg/mL. Total phenolics, tannin and flavonoid content of crude extract were found to be 87.4 mg GAE/gm, 68.2 mg GAE /gm and 64.27 mg QE/gm respectively. Significant (P P Conclusion Based on the results obtained in this study clearly strengthen the traditional uses of M. umbellate stems as antioxidant, antinociceptive and anthelmintic. Therefore, this result suggested that the stems of Merremia umbellata might be a potential source of useful bioactive compounds.

Cutaneous wounds accompanied by massive bleeding, bacterial infections might be lethal and cause fundamental therapeutic impediments in clinical fields. As part of the push for a solution, biomaterial having hemostatic-antibacterial features is highly desirable. Inspired by this concept, freeze dried sponges were developed followed by combining tempo-oxidized nanocellulose (TOCN), chitosan using EDC/NHS cross-linker with antibacterial lawsone loading for controlled delivery of this compound during wound healing. The pore diameter decreased upon increasing chitosan (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5% w/v) while TOCN ensured scaffold's mechanical stability. The in vitro degradation, lawsone release from fibroblast cell-compatible sponge was faster in acidic pH 5.5 than physiologic pH 7.4 indicating adaptability to physiological skin milieu of wounds. The rat tail amputation model, 14 days rat full-thickness cutaneous-wound model ensured hemostasis, dramatic wound closure after TLC4.5 (optimized scaffold) treatment suggesting its potential as functional wound healing substitute showing obvious avenue for hemostatis and skin tissue reconstruction arena.