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Two new phenolic glycosides 7R,8R-threo-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-3'-O-(3''-α-L-arabinofuranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside. (1), 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4''-O-(6-β-D-xylosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with two known related analogues 7R,8R-threo-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) were obtained from the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis. Combined with acid hydrolysis derivatization, the absolute configurations of these new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization high resolution mass (HRESIMS) as well as circular dichroism (CD). Compounds 1-4 exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in vitro by attenuating the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Background. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a promising method for the study of brain function. Typically, rs-fMRI is performed on anesthetized animals. Although different functional connectivity (FC) in various anesthetics on whole brain have been studied, few studies have focused on different FC in the aged brain. Here, we measured FC under three commonly used anesthesia methods and analyzed data to determine if the FC in whole brain analysis were similar among groups. Methods. Twenty-four male aged Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 in each group). Anesthesia was performed under either isoflurane (ISO), combined ISO + dexmedetomidine (DEX) or α-chloralose (AC) according to the groups. Data of rs-fMRI was analyzed by FC in a voxel-wise way. Differences in the FC maps between the groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc two-sample t tests. Results. Compared with ISO + DEX anesthesia, ISO anesthesia caused increased FC in posterior brain and decreased FC in the middle brain of the aged rat. AC anesthesia caused global suppression as no increase in FC was observed. Conclusion. ISO could be used as a substitute for ISO + DEX in rat default mode network studies if the left temporal association cortex is not considered important.

Liver disease is associated with increased bleeding risk. The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is a subject of contention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with liver disease. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched to retrieve studies on the efficacy and safety of DOACs versus warfarin in AF patients with liver disease from January 1980 to April 2020. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Six studies involving 41,859 patients were included. Compared with warfarin, DOACs demonstrated significant reduction in ischemic stroke (HR, 0.68; 95% CI (0.54–0.86)), major bleeding (0.74 (0.59–0.92)), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (0.48 (0.40–0.58)), with no significant effect on gastrointestinal bleeding (P = 0.893) in AF patients with liver disease. Similar results were observed in regular-dose, reduced-dose, and active liver disease subgroups, albeit Asian patients had a slight reduction in major bleeding (P = 0.055). Furthermore, the pooled estimates of individual DOAC subgroups indicated that dabigatran and apixaban led to greater safety in major bleeding (P

Purpose Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures are challenging injuries to manage with high rates of complications after internal fixation and no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal fixation construct. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of dynamic limited axial compression in parallel screws combined with medial buttress plate (SMBP) or lateral compression plate (LCP) fixation of Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 51 cases of Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures who were fixed by SMBP or LCP. Specifically, the screw fixing the femoral head in the buttress plate was omitted. Postoperative complications and functional outcomes were mainly studied. Results With a mean follow-up of 19.9 months, the rate of neck shortening was higher in the LCP group than that in SMBP group (32.1% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.04). Neither nonunion nor avascular necrosis was observed in both groups. Good-to-excellent Harris hip score accounts for 95.2% in SMBP group and 89.3% in LCP group (p = 0.40). Moreover, older age, fracture comminution and compression plate fixation predispose to neck shortening. Conclusion Dynamic limited axial compression by SMBP or LCP fixation was effective to improve the functional outcome of patients with Pauwels type-3 femoral neck fractures.

The AgBrO3/few-layer g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst has been developed via an in-situ synthetic method. The structure, morphology, light response range, separation and migration efficiency of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs and element valence state of the as-obtained samples have been characterized. The tetracycline was used to discuss the photocatalytic activities of the samples. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the as-obtained composites was also researched. The analysis results show that the photocatalytic degradation property of the asobtained composite photocatalyst appears to the tendency of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing the amount of AgBrO3 under visible light illumination. When the mass ratio of AgBrO3 to g-C3N4 is 4:3, in 60 min, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the as-obtained composites reaches the maximum of 79%. It is 37% and 45% higher than that of pure AgBrO3 and g-C3N4, respectively. Moreover, the separation and migration efficiency of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs of the as-prepared composites are also enhanced. In addition, superoxide radicals and holes are the dominant active species during the photocatalytic degradation process.

Objectives Metabolic reprogramming is well accepted as a hallmark of cancer. This study aimed to explore the role of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in aerobic glycolysis and glutamine consumption of energy metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods Two different NSCLC cells, A549 and NCI-H1299, were used to investigate the role of KLF2 in glycolysis and glutamine consumption by tracer technique and KLF2 transfection. Key findings The results showed that overexpression KLF could inhibit the energy metabolism and proliferation of NSCLC cells, but had no significant effect on glycolysis reaction and only affected the glutamine consumption of NSCLC cells. In NSCLC cells exposed to glutamine deprivation, the effect of overexpression of KLF2 on cell proliferation and energy metabolism disappeared. It was found that KLF2 could inhibit the expression of glutaminase (GLS) by metabolite tracing technique and so on. However, when GLS inhibitors were given to overexpressing KLF2 NSCLC cells, the intervention effect of KLF2 disappeared. Conclusions Kruppel-like factor 2 could decrease the level of glutamine, participate in the consumption of glutamine by cancer cells, and then inhibit the energy metabolism of cancer cells.

The increase in activity of the two-pore potassium-leak channel Kcnk5b maintains allometric juvenile growth of adult zebrafish appendages. However, it remains unknown how this channel maintains allometric growth and how its bioelectric activity is regulated to scale these anatomical structures. We show the activation of Kcnk5b is sufficient to activate several genes that are part of important development programs. We provide in vivo transplantation evidence that the activation of gene transcription is cell autonomous. We also show that Kcnk5b will induce the expression of different subsets of the tested developmental genes in different cultured mammalian cell lines, which may explain how one electrophysiological stimulus can coordinately regulate the allometric growth of diverse populations of cells in the fin that use different developmental signals. We also provide evidence that the post-translational modification of serine 345 in Kcnk5b by calcineurin regulates channel activity to scale the fin. Thus, we show how an endogenous bioelectric mechanism can be regulated to promote coordinated developmental signaling to generate and scale a vertebrate appendage., eLife digest Organs, limbs, fins and tails are made of multiple tissues whose growth is controlled by specific signals and genetic programmes. All these different cell populations must work together during development or regeneration to form a complete structure that is the right size in relation to the rest of the body. Growing evidence suggests that this synchronicity might be down to electric signals, which are created by movements of charged particles in and out of cells. In particular, previous work has identified two factors that control the development of fins in fish: the Kcnk5b potassium-leak channel, which allows positive ions to cross the cell membrane; and an enzyme called calcineurin, which can modify the activity of proteins. Kcnk5b and calcineurin seem to play similar roles in the proportional growth of the fins in relation to the body, but exactly how was unknown. To investigate this question, Yi et al. used genetically modified zebrafish to show how the Kcnk5b channel could control genes responsible for appendage growth. However, their tests on different cell types revealed that potassium movement through the Kcnk5b channel leads to different sets of developmental genes being turned on, depending on the tissue type of the cell. This could explain how one type of signal (in this case, movement of ions) can coordinate the growth of a wide range of tissues that use different combinations of developmental genes to form. Kcnk5b therefore appears to coordinate the regulation of the various combinations of genes needed for different fin tissues to develop, so that every component grows in a proportional, synchronized manner. Yi et al. also showed that calcineurin can modify the Kcnk5b channel to control its activity. In turn, this affects the movement of potassium ions across the membrane, changing electrical activity and, as a consequence, the proportional growth of the fin. Further work should explore how Kcnk5b and calcineurin link to other signals that regulate the size of fins and limbs. Ultimately, a finer understanding of the molecules controlling the growth of body parts will be useful in fields such as regenerative medicine or stem cell biology, which attempt to build organs for clinical therapies.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the overall survival of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), but their side effects can impact dose intensity and, consequently, the clinical benefit. To date, no guideline or consensus has been published on the TKI-associated adverse reactions. Therefore, the Chinese Society of Surgeons for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized an expert panel discussion involving representatives from gastrointestinal surgery, medical oncology, cardiology, dermatology, nephrology, endocrinology, and ophthalmology to consider the systemic clinical symptoms, molecular and cellular mechanisms, and treatment recommendations of GISTs. Here, we present the resultant evidence- and experience-based consensus to guide the management of TKI-associated side events in clinical practice.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity. Curcumin (Cur), a naturally derived compound, is reported to have broad-spectrum anticancer activity and is considered as an effective nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor. The present study aimed to clarify the detailed molecular mechanism though which Cur regulates NF-κB pathway activity in OSCC. The viability of HSC3 and CAL33 cells following treatment with Cur was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The protein and mRNA expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), p65 and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) was determined by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis, respectively. The NF-κB activity was measured by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. Short hairpin RNA targeting Sp1 or control RNA was transfected into HSC3 cells using X-treme GENE HP DNA Transfection System. Colony formation assays were performed using crystal violet staining. The results demonstrated that Cur significantly inhibited the viability and colony formation ability of HSC3 and CAL33 cells. In addition, Cur decreased the expression of Sp1, p65 and HSF1 by suppressing their transcription levels. Cur decreased NF-κB activity in OSCC cells, and Sp1 downregulation enhanced the effect of Cur. The findings from the present study suggested that Cur may inhibit the proliferation of OSCC cells via a Sp1/NF-κB-dependent mechanism.

Proximal femoral plating serves as a good alternative for the fixation of femoral neck fractures, but fixation loss still occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a hybrid configuration of short- and long-threaded cannulated screws in proximal femoral plating in terms of decreasing varus collapse of femoral neck fractures.We retrospectively analyzed 86 patients with femoral neck fractures who were fixed by proximal femoral plating from January 2015 to June 2019. These patients were divided into two groups according to screw configuration: short- and long-threaded cannulated screws (SLTS, n = 38) and short-threaded cannulated screws (STS, n = 48). Radiological and clinical outcomes including screw withdraw, nonunion, avascular necrosis, caput-collum-diaphysis (CCD) angle, amount of femoral neck shortening (FNS), and Harris Hip Score (HHS) were compared between the groups.Preoperative characteristics including age, gender, Garden type, duration of surgery, and reduction quality were not significantly different between the two groups (p 0.05). Less decreased CCD angle was observed in the SLTS group (-0.4° (-1.4 - 1.8)) compared with that in the STS group (7.9° (6.3 - 11.0)) (p 0.001). The SLTS group also presented with fewer amount of FNS (3.2 (2.7 - 3.8) mm vs. 5.1 (4.2 - 5.9) mm, p 0.001). Bone union was achieved in all patients and no avascular necrosis was observed during the follow-up. The HHS was higher in the SLTS group (86.4 ± 5.1) than that in the STS group (81.5 ± 4.5) (p 0.001).The hybrid configuration of short- and long-threaded screws in proximal femoral plating offers better resistance against varus collapse and yields better functional outcomes in femoral neck fractures.

The increase in activity of the two-pore potassium-leak channel Kcnk5b maintains allometric juvenile growth of adult zebrafish appendages. However, it remains unknown how this channel maintains allometric growth and how its bioelectric activity is regulated to scale these anatomical structures. We show the activation of Kcnk5b is sufficient to activate several genes that are part of important development programs. We providein vivotransplantation evidence that the activation of gene transcription is cell autonomous. We also show that Kcnk5b will induce the expression of different subsets of the tested developmental genes in different cultured mammalian cell lines, which may explain how one electrophysiological stimulus can coordinately regulate the allometric growth of diverse populations of cells in the fin that use different developmental signals. We also provide evidence that the post-translational modification of serine 345 in Kcnk5b by calcineurin regulates channel activity to scale the fin. Thus, we show how an endogenous bioelectric mechanism can be regulated to promote coordinated developmental signaling to generate and scale a vertebrate appendage.

To investigate the relationship between acetyl cholinesterase associated collagen gene (COLQ) mutation in patients with acetyl cholinesterase deficiency and its clinical characteristics. Serum and red blood cell acetyl cholinesterase from patients with acetyl cholinesterase deficiency (n=6) and normal controls (n=20) were measured by butyryl thiocholine substrate. COLQ gene variations were detected by sequencing. And the cholinesterase (ChE) genotypes were measured by dibucaine inhibition in vitro. The distributions of ChE surrounded the blood vessels and nerve fibers in lung or pancreas tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining and indirect immunofluorescence. Serum lactic acid, ammonia and other clinical data were analyzed. Serum ChE in patients with acetyl cholinesterase deficiency were only 1/50 to 1/1000 fold of normal controls. Comparing to controls, dibucaine inhibition values of patients were significantly lower, while there were no differences in red blood cells acetyl cholinesterase. Serum lactic acid and ammonia in patients were significantly higher than controls. Inser 1281-1282 GC of COLQ gene was found in 2 patients, while IVS 6 + 21 T > A, IVS 6 + 30 G > T, IVS 6 + 34 T > C and IVS66 + 12 inser T mutations were found in the other 4 patients, respectively. In addition, the patients with COLQ gene mutation were resistant to regular doses of anesthetics. COLQ gene mutation may be an important reason for the lack of serum ChE in patients with acetyl cholinesterase deficiency.

An investigation on ablation characteristics of 1024 and H10F cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) with a DPSS nanosecond UV laser (50 ns pulse width, 355 nm wavelength, 90 W average power and 10 kHz repetition rate) is presented. The ablation characteristic parameters such as ablation threshold, incubation effect and optical penetration depth were evaluated based on the spot ablation diameter and depth. It was observed that the ablation threshold is significantly influenced by the number of pulses (NOP) and it decreases with increase NOP which is attributed to the incubation effect. Only one ablation region is observed at low laser fluence and an additional molten ablation region is observed at high laser fluence accompanied with cracks. The cracks formation is due to the thermal induced stress and changes in WC microstructure during laser beam irradiation. The crack depth is proportional to the thickness of the molten WC region. The ablation threshold of 1024 WC-Co and H10F WC-Co were found to be Fth1 =4.32 J/cm2 and Fth1 =4.26 J/cm2 respectively. The difference in chemical composition has insignificant effect on the ablation threshold value of the material. The incubation factor and optical penetration depth values of 1024 WC-Co and H10F WC-Co were found to be ξ=0.73, α−1 =411 nm and ξ=0.75, α−1 =397 nm respectively.

pH responsive polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a promising technology platform for targeted and controlled drug delivery in recent years. In this paper, endosomal pH-activatable doxorubicin (DOX) and core-crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles (DCNPs) were prepared and investigated for potent growth inhibition of human cancer cells in vitro. In vitro drug release studies, DOX conjugated nanoparticles with hydrazone bond showed a pH sensitive release phenomenon, that is, the releasing is significantly faster at mildly acidic condition with pH of 5.5 than that at physiological condition. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observations revealed that DOX conjugated nanoparticles delivered and released DOX into the cytosols as well as cell nuclei of Hela cells following 6 h incubation. MTT assays demonstrated that these pH-sensitive DOX nanoparticles exhibited high antitumor effect to HeLa cells. The conjugated DOX polymeric nanoparticles may be a promising candidate as a nanoscale and pH-sensitive drug delivery vehicle for cancer therapy.

The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of dexmedetomidine on kidney injury of parturients with preeclampsia (PE) undergoing cesarean section. Total 134 cesarean delivery women with PE were randomly divided into intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). Both groups underwent combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA), the IG was treated with 0.4 μg/(kg·min) dexmedetomidine for 10 min before surgery. The CG was treated with equivalent saline. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the two groups were measured at different time point after administration. Level of inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Visual analogue score (VAS), Ramsay sedation score (RSS), and kidney injury related indexes were evaluated at different time points. The plasma-drug concentration of patients was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Compared with CG, HR, PE, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) showed lower level while SpO2 showed higher level in IG. Furthermore, expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in IG was decreased after drug administration, the contents of β2-MG, KIM-1 and urine protein were also decreased in contrast to the CG (all P

Low molecular weight seleno-aminopolysaccharide (LSA) is an organic selenium compound comprising selenium and low molecular weight aminopolysaccharide (LA), a low molecular weight natural linear polysaccharide derived from chitosan. LSA has been found to exert strong pharmacological activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of LSA on intestinal mucosal oxidative stress in a weaning piglet model by detecting the growth performance, intestinal mucosal structure, antioxidant indices, and expression level of intracellular transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its related factors. Our results indicated that LSA significantly increased the average daily gain and feed/gain (p &lt, 0.05), suggesting that LSA can effectively promote the growth of weaning piglets. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) microscopy showed that LSA effectively reduced intestinal damage, indicating that LSA improved the intestinal stress response and protected the intestinal structure integrity. In addition, diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactic acid (d-LA) levels remarkably decreased in LSA group compared with control group (p &lt, 0.05), suggesting that LSA alleviated the damage and permeability of weaning piglets. LSA significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels, but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, indicating that LSA significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress in weaning piglets. RT-PCR results showed that LSA significantly increased GSH-Px1, GSH-Px2, SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 gene expression (p &lt, 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that LSA activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway by downregulating the expression of Keap1 and upregulating the expression of Nrf2 to protect intestinal mucosa against oxidative stress. Collectively, LSA reduced intestinal mucosal damage induced by oxidative stress via Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in weaning stress of infants.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether ABCB1 gene polymorphisms affect the time course of action of rocuronium in Chinese patients. METHODS This study included 105 unrelated Chinese patients undergoing general anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed with calibrated acceleromyography. Patients were allowed to recover spontaneously from the neuromuscular block. The time interval between the first maximum depression of the train of four (TOF) and spontaneous recovery TOF ratio of 0.25/0.7/0.8/0.9 was recorded. The Sequenom MassArray® single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection technology was used to detect the genotypes of the ABCB1 rs12720464, rs1055302. Demographic and non-genetic clinical data were also collected. RESULTS In the present study, the mean time to spontaneous recovery of TOF ratio 0.8/0.9 in ABCB1 rs12720464 GG genotype was longer compared to that observed in ABCB1 rs12720464 AG genotype (56.77 ± 14.23 minutes vs. 49.50 ± 10.49 minutes, and 62.58 ± 18.16 minutes vs. 53.20 ± 12.56 minutes, respectively, p < 0.05). Further, the time to spontaneous recovery of TOF 0.7/0.8/0.9 in ABCB1 rs1055302 GG genotype was longer than that in ABCB1 rs1055302 AG genotype (52.00 ± 12.10 minutes vs. 44.83 ± 7.38 minutes, 55.96 ± 13.92 minutes vs. 46.83 ± 7.67 minutes, 61.66 ± 17.70 minutes vs. 49.50 ± 8.44 minutes, respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In Chinese patients who were administered a single dose of rocuronium, the genetic variants ABCB1 rs12720464, and rs1055302 contribute to the individual< variability of time course of action.

Aim of review: Inhibitory interneurons, including GABAergic neurons and glycine neurons, regulate nociceptive information and non-nociceptive information in spinal dorsal horn. Emerging evidence showed that disinhibition of inhibitory interneurons of neuronal circuit in spinal dorsal horn is a pivotal mechanism of neuropathic pain after nerve injury.Method: In this view, we summarized the recent researches of the structure of inhibitory neurons in spinal dorsal horn and disinhibition of inhibitory interneurons after nerve injury and discussed the primary mechanism.Recent findings: Much progress has been made with the construction of inhibitory neuronal network in spinal dorsal horn and the dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons in these networks since inhibitory interneurons in spinal dorsal horn firstly integrate nociceptive information and non-nociceptive information from primary afferent fiber and separate non-nociceptive stimuli from nociceptive information. Disinhibitory of inhibitory interneurons underlies hyperalgesia and allodynia after nerve injury.Summary: Loss of inhibitory function of neurons in inhibitory network in the dorsal horn contributes to hyperalgesia and allodynia. The findings of these inhibitory networks provide a new evidence for preventing and curing neuropathic pain. Citation: Hui-Qun Fu, Tian-Long Wang. The inhibitory neuronal circuit of spinal cord in neuropathic pain. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 132-141. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0018This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in China. In the past decade, with the developments in surgical instruments and technologies, minimally invasive surgery has rapidly become an accepted treatment for gastric cancer in China. Many Chinese surgeons and researchers have contributed to the rapid evolution of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer. Their efforts have transformed into unique laparoscopic technique, workshops, academic communications, education and international communications in China. Meanwhile, many retrospective comparative trials and randomized controlled trials have revealed the advantages in minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer. However, multicenter randomized controlled trials are still needed to delineate significantly quantifiable differences between laparoscopic and open gastrectomy. With more and more experience has accumulated, laparoscopic gastrectomy has been performed on older and overweight patients. Moreover, advanced minimally invasive techniques, such as modified laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilum lymphadenectomy, various laparoscopic gastric reconstruction methods and robotic gastrectomy have been developed. It seems that China owns the potential to keep up with her neighbor, Japan and Korea, to become one of leading countries utilizing minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer.

Background: The present study sought to establish the use of a novel model of cerebral ischaemia in which to investigate the neuroprotective effects of xenon based on organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.Methods: Organotypic hippocampal slices, derived from 7-10 days post-natal C57B16 mouse pups, were placed and cultured for 10-14 days on membranous inserts. Neuronal injury of cultures was provoked with media deprived with oxygen and glucose (OGD) for 2 hours. Cultures were exposed to 25% xenon or 50% xenon and 20% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) balanced with nitrogen (N2) 24 hours before OGD insult (preconditioning) for 2 hours or 75% xenon and 5% CO2 balanced with oxygen 4 hours after OGD for 2 hours. Cell death was quantified by assessment of propidium iodide (PI) uptake before and after OGD up to 72 hours in the CA1 and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus.Results: Xenon preconditioning at concentrations of 25% and 50% resulted in a significant reduction in PI uptake in the CA1 region of the hippocampus compared with the control group (P

Fast pyrolysis of a lignite containing a high content of oxygen was investigated to understand the effects of pyrolysis temperature and gas resident time on the yields of pyrolysis products and the distributions of organic oxygen species (OOSs). OOSs in the lignite contain carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl and ether by the results of XPS and FTIR analyses. The tar yield reached the maximum of 15.3% at 500 °C and a gas resident time of 2.5 s. CO 2 was found to be the predominant oxygenous gas at 600 °C, and the significant release of CO 2 at temperatures lower than 400 °C should be related to the high carboxyl content in the lignite. The CO yield increased significantly with the raising temperature and reached 46.4 mL/g (daf) at 700 °C. The O yield in water was lower than 20% during pyrolysis at 200 °C, and sharply increased to 30.6% at 700 °C because of thermal cracking of volatiles. Above 400 °C, the OOSs are mainly released as pyrolysis water and gas. The OOSs detected in the tar include phenols, ketones, ethers, alcohols, and dibenzofuran and its substitute, among which phenols (phenol, cresol, and xylenol) are the main components with yield up to 27.1% (based on tar) at 500 °C and gas residence time of 10 s. The possible oxygen transformation routes for BYHL pyrolysis are also discussed in this work. Such an approach may lead to the development of efficient lignite upgrading technology.

BackgroundPrevious studies in mice and humans have implicated the lipoprotein receptor SRB1 in association with atherosclerosis and lipid levels. In our previous proteomics research, the expression of ITGB2 has differences between epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, the association between the reported variants and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) was not confirmed.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study consisted of 496 CHD patients and 367 controls. The two groups are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes status and the proportion of dyslipidemia. The genotypes and allele frequency of variants rs838880,rs5888,rs5889 in SRB1 and rs235326,rs2070947,rs2070946 in ITGB2 were determined using Sequenom Mass-ARRAY technology.ResultsThe genotypes frequencies of all the six SNPs were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium test. For gene SRB1 rs838880, there was a significant difference in the alleles frequency(p=0.017), genotype frequency(p=0.0028), recessive model (p=0.000672) between CHD group and control group. For gene ITGB2 rs2070947, there was a significant difference in the recessive model (p=0.03). By comparing the clinical and serum metabolic indexes of SNP sites by genotype we find that among three genotypes of SRB1 rs5888,there were significant difference in the level of dyslipidemia history and serum LPA, among three genotypes of ITGB2 rs235236,there were significant difference in the levels of serum HDL,APOA1 and hypertension history, among three genotypes of ITGB2 rs2070947,there were significant difference in the level of serum APOA1,hsCRP.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that SNP rs838880 of gene SRB1 and rs2070947 of gene ITGB2 are associated with the risk of CHD in Chinese han population.

Background: A large right subcostal incision performed by open hepatectomy is associated with significant post-operative pain and distress. However, post-operative analgesia solutions still need to be devised. We investigated the effects of intra- and post-operative infusion of dexmedetomidine (Dex) combined with oxycodone during open hepatectomy.Methods: In this prospective, randomized and double-blind investigation, 52 patients undergoing selective open hepatectomy were divided into Dex group (DEX infusion at an initial loading dose of 0.5 μg⋅kg-1 over 10 min before intubation then adjusted to a maintenance dose of 0.3 μg⋅kg-1⋅h-1 until incision suturing) or control (Con) group (0.9% sodium chloride was administered). Patient-controlled analgesia was administered for 48 h after surgery (Dex group: 60 mg oxycodone and 360 μg DEX diluted to 120 ml and administered at a bolus dose of 2 ml, with 5 min lockout interval and a 1 h limit of 20 ml. Con group: 60 mg oxycodone alone with the same regimen). The primary outcome was post-operative oxycodone consumption. The secondary outcomes included requirement of narcotic and vasoactive drugs, hemodynamics, incidence of adverse effects, satisfaction, first exhaust time, pain intensity, and the Ramsay Sedation Scale.Results: Post-operative oxycodone consumption was significantly reduced in Dex group from 4 to 48 h after surgery (P < 0.05). Heart rate in Dex group was statistically decreased from T1 (just before intubation) to T6 (20 min after arriving at the post-anesthesia care unit), while mean arterial pressure was significantly decreased from T1 to T3 (during surgical incision; P < 0.05). The consumption of propofol and remifentanil were significantly decreased in Dex group (P < 0.05). The VAS scores at rest at 1, 4, and 8 h and with cough at 24, and 48 h after surgery were lower, the first exhaust time were shorter, satisfaction with pain control was statistically higher and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was less in Dex group than in Con group (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: The combination of DEX and oxycodone could reduce oxycodone consumption and the incidence of nausea and vomiting, enhance the analgesic effect, improves patient satisfaction and shorten the first exhaust time.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the stomach is a rare type of malignant tumor, characterized by distinct cellular morphology. This type of tumor is even more rare in giant size. The present study reports a case of giant sarcomatoid carcinoma, which developed in the distal stomach. A 49-year-old male underwent medical investigation for gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Endoscopic examination, computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT scan identified a giant neoplasm, which involved the gastric antrum and body, gallbladder and hepatic flexure of the colon. Surgery was performed to excise the tumor, which was ~14×13×8 cm in size. A diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma was made since the tumor was positive for epithelial markers, even within the mesenchymal elements. To the best of our knowledge, only 5 cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the stomach have been previously reported, and a tumor that has been able to be resected despite such a large size has never been reported.

This paper presents an investigation on ablation characteristics of HR4 nickel cast alloy with a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser (100 fs pulse width, 800 nm wavelength and 1 kHz repetition rate). The ablation characteristics including laser material interaction parameters, i.e. ablation threshold, optical penetration depth and incubation factor are estimated based on ablated geometries from two ablation methods, i.e. spot ablation and line ablation. The work shows that the single pulse ablation threshold is dependent on the laser fluence and the number of pulses (NOP). The ablation threshold decreases with the NOP, where it reaches an asymptotical value due to incubation effect. By varying the laser fluence, two ablation regimes are identified which are the low fluence ablation regime and the high fluence ablation regime. The former is governed by optical penetration depth; and the latter is governed by the energy penetration depth. It is also observed that the laser material interaction parameters obtained based on ablation diameters through the line ablation agree with the values obtained through the spot ablation but not with those obtained based on ablated depth through the line ablation. It is found that the evaluation of the laser material interaction parameters based on ablated diameters is more reliable compared to those based on ablated depth. The ablation threshold (low fluence ablation region) for the HR4 nickel alloy is estimated to be F th 1 = 0 . 39 J / cm 2 with the incubation factor, ξ=0.8 and optical penetration depth of 47.3 nm.

Background: Retroperitoneal laparoscopy provides less morbidity and faster recovery period. However, long-term pneumoperitoneum increases the risk of hypercapnia that may induce severe postoperative complications, especially in elderly patients. Our study aims at investigating the sensitivity and reliability of continuous transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcPCO2) monitoring in diagnosing hypercapnia during retroperitoneoscopic surgery in elderly patients and evaluating the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) against retroperitoneum induced hypercapnia.Methods: Fifty-five patients aged over 65 years who were scheduled for selective retroperitoneoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. The correlations between TcPCO2, end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) and arterial CO2 (PaCO2) were evaluated before pneumoperitoneum as well as 30 and 60 minutes after establishment of pneumoperitoneum (time 0, 1 and 2), respectively. Patients were randomly assigned to 5 groups accepting different levels of PEEP: 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm H2O (group I, II, III, IV and V). PaCO2 and PETCO2 were measured at 80 minutes following pneumoperitoneum (time 3). Heart rate (HR), arterial pressure, airway pressure were evaluated throughout surgery.Results: There was a significant correlation between TcPCO2 and PaCO2 (r=0.87, P

Background FBXW7, a component of the Skp-Cullin1-F-box, mediates target protein recognition. It is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a role in the regulation of cell cycle exit and reentry via c-Myc, c-Jun and Notch degradation. There are few studies, particularly involving a large patient cohort, that have evaluated FBXW7 during gastric cancer progression. Methods Our study aimed to evaluate the value of FBXW7 as a clinical marker in gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) patients including a subset treated with postoperative chemotherapy. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was used to measure FBXW7 transcript levels in tumors paired with normal gastric tissue in 24 gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Subsequently, 546 additional GC samples were evaluated from patients that underwent radical gastrectomy, including 118 early stage cases(Stage I) and 428 advanced stage cases (Stages II or III). Amongst the advanced stage patient cases evaluated, 347 received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. All 546 gastric adenocarcinoma cases were then evaluated by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for FBXW7 expression. Clinicopathological features and diagnoses were confirmed by histopathologic evaluation and review of clinical data. Overall survival (OS) was then evaluated in the 546 gastric cancer patients. Results By immunohistologic evaluation, low expression of FBXW7 in primary gastric cancer significantly correlated with poor differentiation of tumor cells. Moreover, low FBXW7 expression was associated with worse survival as well as worse adjuvant chemotherapy response. Conclusion Our findings suggest that FBXW7 may serve as an important predictor in chemotherapeutic responses.

Minimally invasive surgery is regarded as an alternative to conventional open surgery in gastric cancer. More and more surgeons devote their efforts to reduce surgical incision and acquire better recovery. Nowadays, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy has been the standard method for early stage cancer with remarkable advantage in short-term outcomes and is widely accepted by patients. The indication of laparoscopic gastrectomy has been extended to local advanced gastric cancer. However, the oncological safety has long been debated. Therefore, large scale randomized controlled clinical trials are ongoing to confirm the feasibility and safety in more advanced gastric cancer. With the accumulation of surgical experience and development of instrument, several advanced techniques, such as function preserving surgery, total laparoscopic anastomosis, sentinel node navigation surgery, robotic assisted surgery and reduced port laparoscopic gastrectomy have also been explored and applied to gastric cancer patient. All these techniques could modify the extent of surgery, reduce the risk of perioperative complications and generate potential better results in quality of life. Although recent studies have confirmed the feasibility and safety of each procedure, more evidence is required for further popularization of the newly technique. Herein we describe the current status and evidence for surgical treatment of gastric cancer in the era of minimally invasive surgery.

Traumatic coagulopathy is a complicated pathophysiological process. The management of traumatic coagulopathy should cover the whole process from pre-hospital to after discharge. The recommendations on management of coagulopathy following trauma in this guideline are practical, but there are still many circumstances we don’t know how to deal with. To manage traumatic coagulopathy, we believe that there is still a long way to go. Citation: Hua Feng, Tian-Long Wang. Dealing with Traumatic Coagulopathy: A Long Way to Go. J Anesth Perioper Med 2017; 4: 195-7. doi:10.24015/JAPM.2017.0055 This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

In the past decades, the requirements of non-invasive, non-radiation in medical imaging diagnosis and treatment is much higher. Diffusion optical tomography (DOT) technology increases more widespread concern. In this paper, a system designed in the frequency domain for diffuse optical tomography (DOT) imaging is described. The experimental platform utilizes 660nm laser modulated to 100MHZ, 16 parallel positions of detection at which a photomultiplier-tube is placed to detect flux of light on the external periphery of the tissue-simulating phantom made by gelatin. The reconstructed image of the absorption and scattering coefficients are obtained by using the Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) reconstruction algorithm to solve for the optimal fitness between the measurement data and calculated data. This paper puts forward a new method that calculates the flux of area on the external periphery of the model by the forward algorithms to reduce the measurement error, which is caused by the mismatching between the flux of area the photomultiplier detects and the flux of dot the forward algorithms calculate in the traditional method. The experimental result shows that the proposed method can improve the reconstructed image of absorption and scattering coefficients

As a kind of renewable clean energy, the constant access of wind power to power grids is bound to have a great impact on the power system. Based on the grid structure in Fuxin, this paper will state the difficulty of peak regulation and the matter of wasting wind power caused by the large-scale wind power integration and put forward some reasonable methods for using the wasting wind power in the heating in winter. The relevant results indicate that capacity of local consumption of wasting wind power can be improved. Under the circumstances, it can be conductive to solve the problem of wasting wind power results from the difficulty of peak regulation as well as inspire the power system planners.

Surface contaminations (originating from manufacturing processes), smooth surface, and poor wettability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite impair its successful paint adhesion. Surface pre-treatment of composite materials is often required. Previous approaches of using manual sand-papering result in non-uniform surface conditions and occasional damages to the fibres. Furthermore, the process is labour intensive, slow and can be hazardous to the workers if protections are not appropriate. This paper reports an investigation into a new surface treatment method based on laser multi-tasking surface abrading and surface cleaning/texturing for the improvement of paint adhesion. A KrF Excimer laser with a wavelength of 248 nm is used as the laser source. Significant improvement in paint adhesion has been demonstrated compared with as-received and sand-papered samples. This improvement is achieved by eliminating surface contaminants, minimizing chain scission and increasing in surface active functional groups as well as increasing in surface roughness. The former two play dominant roles.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction (SNK), a modified traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used clinically for the treatment of acute and chronic cerebrovascular related diseases. To evaluate the protective effect of SNK on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods Focal cerebral I/R injury in rats was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six kinds of groups: Sham group; I/R group; SNK-treated groups at doses of 0.7 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg and 2.8 g/kg; and nimodipine (NMP)-treated group. The recoveries of neurological function in rats were estimated by neurological defect scoring and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining after 24 h reperfusion. Various biochemical indexes in serum were assayed by colorimetry, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS). Histological structures of the brain in rats were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the caspase-3 protein content in rats. Results SNK administration significantly reduced the neurological defect scores and lessened the cerebral infarction volume. The treatment of SNK lowered MDA content, up-regulated SOD and GSH-Px levels, down-regulated iNOS and TNOS levels in serum. Furthermore, histological examination indicated that dense neuropil and largely surviving neurons were seen in SNK-treated rats. SNK administration restrained the expression of caspase-3 positive protein significantly. Conclusion The results suggest that SNK demonstrates a strong and ameliorative effect on cerebral I/R damage in rats. The protective mechanisms of SNK are associated with its properties of anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation as well as regulation of iNOS and TNOS.

The creep characteristics of red layer sliding soil under the condition of different vertical loads and water contents were studied through a series of direct shear creep tests. Tests results showed that the water infiltrated to the sliding zone along the fissure of red layer sliding belt due to the crush of red layer sliding rock, leading to softening of sliding zone and acceleration of shear creep. When the shear stress reached the limit of long-term shear strength, sliding soil was broken suddenly with small vertical loads (50 kPa and 100kPa), while the sliding soil presented as a constant acceleration creep with enough vertical loads (200 kPa and 300 kPa). The inflection point in shear stress-shear displacement isochronous curve corresponded to the long-term strength of the soil.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation is widely adopted for the curing of osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in recent years. Furthermore, it is known that introducing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) into BM-MSCs will greatly improve the therapeutic effect of stem-cell therapy owing to the great angiogenic and anti-fibrotic capabilities of HGF. However, continuing overexpression of HGF in vivo may cause sarcomas, such as Kaposi's sarcoma. Aiming at enhancing the therapeutic effect and preventing the side effects of HGF-modified stem-cell transplantation on ONFH, we sought to construct a gene regulation system to control HGF expression in BM-MSCs rigorously and accurately. We selected baculovirus as the gene vector and introduced pTet-on advanced system into that. Finally, a virus vector vAc(rtTA2s-Ptight-HGF) was successfully built and delivered into BM-MSCs to regulate the accurate expression of HGF. As shown in the results, different levels of HGF expression were verified by ELISA and Western blot with different induction doses of doxycycline (DOX). There was a dose-response relationship between them, and the optimum dose of DOX to induce HGF expression in BM-MSCs in vitro was 1 µg/mL. We conclude that it is feasible to regulate HGF expression in BM-MSCs by baculovirus-mediated one-off transduction.

We present two cases of glioma (WHO grade III) in pregnant females presenting in the third trimester. Gliomas during pregnancy are rare. At present, the association between gliomas and pregnancy is poorly understood and little has been reported with regard to the management of patients with gliomas in pregnancy. Management of these cases presents a medical dilemma. Gliomas during pregnancy pose a risk to maternal and fetal life. The benefit-to-risk ratio should be carefully evaluated and discussed prior to surgery. In the present cases, caesarean section (CS) followed by craniotomy was performed under the same general anesthesia at 34 weeks' gestation. The mothers received radiotherapy and chemotherapy following surgery. They have been followed up to the present date and remain in good health. These two cases indicate that early CS followed by craniotomy is an effective choice in pregnant patients with gliomas at ≥34 weeks' gestation. In the present study, we describe these two cases and review the literature with regard to gliomas during pregnancy.

This paper presents an investigation on the ablation characteristics of excimer laser (λ = 248 nm, τ = 15 ns) and femtosecond laser (λ = 800 nm, τ = 100 fs) on ABS polymer sheets. The laser-material interaction parameters (ablation threshold, optical penetration depth and incubation factor) and the changes in material chemical properties were evaluated and compared between the two lasers. The work shows that the ablation threshold and effective optical penetration depth values are dependent on the wavelength of laser beam (photon energy) and the pulse width. The ablation threshold value is lower for the excimer laser ablation of ABS (Fth = 0.087 J/cm2) than that for the femtosecond laser ablation of ABS (Fth = 1.576 J/cm2), demonstrating a more dominating role of laser wavelength than the pulse width in influencing the ablation threshold. The ablation depth versus the logarithmic scale of laser fluence shows two linear regions for the fs laser ablation, not previously known for polymers. The effective optical penetration depth value is lower for excimer laser ablation (α-1 = 223 nm) than that for femtosecond laser ablation (α-1 = 2917 nm). The ablation threshold decreases with increasing number of pulses (NOP) due to the chain scission process that shortens the polymeric chains, resulting in a weaker polymeric configuration and the dependency is governed by the incubation factor. Excimer laser treatment of ABS eliminates the C=C bond completely through the chain scission process whereas C=C bond is partially eliminated through the femtosecond laser treatment due to the difference in photon energy of the two laser beams. A reduction in the C=C bond through the chain scission process creates free radical carbons which then form crosslinks with each other or react with oxygen, nitrogen and water in air producing oxygen-rich (C-O and C=O bond) and nitrogen-rich (C-N) functional groups.

As peritectic steel is crack sensitive steel, peritectic-steel mold flux needs a higher performance requirement, In this paper, it is analyzed in detail that various properties of peritectic steel mold flux have effects on the quality of peritectic steel billet .

Activated carbon-supported platinum was prepared and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. And the hydrosilylation of allyl glycidyl ether with trimethoxysilane catalyzed by platinum on activated carbon was discussed. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, feeding fashion and mixture ratio of precursors on the Pt/C catalytic this hydrosilylation were also investigated. The results showed that the reaction can generate the product of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane at an efficiency of as high as 97.4% under the optimal conditions.

In this study the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) based on Mg"xZn"1"-"xO thin films were fabricated. The Mg"xZn"1"-"xO thin films were grown on glass substrates by sol-gel method. The results show that the optical absorption has a blue shift and higher transmittance with increasing Mg dopant. The optical band gap were modified by 3.28-3.52eV, which corresponded to x=0 and x=0.16. For a 10V applied bias, the dark currents of the Mg"xZn"1"-"xO MSM-PDs were 637nA (x=0) to 0.185nA (x=0.16) and showed good Schottky contacts. This UV-visible rejection ratio of the Mg"xZn"1"-"xO UV PDs at x=0, 0.16, 0.21 and 0.33 were 18.82, 35.36, 40.91 and 42.92, respectively.