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1. Development of a Blood-based Transcriptional Risk Score for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author

Matthew Moll, Adel Boueiz, Auyon J. Ghosh, Aabida Saferali, Sool Lee, Zhonghui Xu, Jeong H. Yun, Brian D. Hobbs, Craig P. Hersh, Don D. Sin, Ruth Tal-Singer, Edwin K. Silverman, Michael H. Cho, Peter J. Castaldi, James D. Crapo, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Lystra P. Hayden, Jacqueline Hetmanski, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dmitry Prokopenko, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez-Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Matt Strand, Gregory Kinney, Kendra A. Young, Surya P. Bhatt, Jessica Bon, Alejandro A. Diaz, Susan Murray, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, and Farnoush Banaei-Kashani

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, COPD, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Pulmonary disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Bioinformatics, Peripheral blood, respiratory tract diseases, Transcriptome, Gene expression, medicine, Polygenic risk score, business
Abstract

Rationale: The ability of peripheral blood biomarkers to assess COPD risk and progression is unknown. Genetics and gene expression may capture important aspects of COPD-related biology that predict...

Published
2022
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2. The Association Between Lung Hyperinflation and Coronary Artery Disease in Smokers

Author

Divay Chandra, Aman Gupta, Gregory L. Kinney, Carl R. Fuhrman, Joseph K. Leader, Alejandro A. Diaz, Jessica Bon, R. Graham Barr, George Washko, Matthew Budoff, John Hokanson, Frank C. Sciurba, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Adel R. Boueiz, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dmitry Prokopenko, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Jim Crooks, Douglas Everett, Camille Moore, null Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Surya Bhatt, Carlos Martinez, Susan Murray, Xavier Soler, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Nadia N. Hansel, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Michael E. DeBakey, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Ken M. Kunisaki, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya P. Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Carlos H. Martinez, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz

Subjects
Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronary Artery Disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, COPD: Original Research, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, Functional residual capacity, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Lung volumes, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Lung, Subclinical infection, COPD, business.industry, Smoking, Organ Size, Middle Aged, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Coronary Vessels, United States, Respiratory Function Tests, respiratory tract diseases, Airway Obstruction, Plethysmography, Biological Variation, Population, Pulmonary Emphysema, 030228 respiratory system, Asymptomatic Diseases, Cohort, Cardiology, Airway Remodeling, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smokers manifest varied phenotypes of pulmonary impairment. RESEARCH QUESTION: Which pulmonary phenotypes are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in smokers? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed data from the University of Pittsburgh COPD Specialized Center for Clinically Oriented Research (SCCOR) cohort (n = 481) and the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) cohort (n = 2,580). Participants were current and former smokers with > 10 pack-years of tobacco exposure. Data from the two cohorts were analyzed separately because of methodologic differences. Lung hyperinflation was assessed by plethysmography in the SCCOR cohort and by inspiratory and expiratory CT scan lung volumes in the COPDGene cohort. Subclinical CAD was assessed as the coronary artery calcium score, whereas clinical CAD was defined as a self-reported history of CAD or myocardial infarction (MI). Analyses were performed in all smokers and then repeated in those with airflow obstruction (FEV(1) to FVC ratio, < 0.70). RESULTS: Pulmonary phenotypes, including airflow limitation, emphysema, lung hyperinflation, diffusion capacity, and radiographic measures of airway remodeling, showed weak to moderate correlations (r < 0.7) with each other. In multivariate models adjusted for pulmonary phenotypes and CAD risk factors, lung hyperinflation was the only phenotype associated with calcium score, history of clinical CAD, or history of MI (per 0.2 higher expiratory and inspiratory CT scan lung volume; coronary calcium: OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5; P = .02; clinical CAD: OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3; P = .01; and MI in COPDGene: OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; P = .05). FEV(1) and emphysema were associated with increased risk of CAD (P < .05) in models adjusted for CAD risk factors; however, these associations were attenuated on adjusting for lung hyperinflation. Results were the same in those with airflow obstruction and were present in both cohorts. INTERPRETATION: Lung hyperinflation is associated strongly with clinical and subclinical CAD in smokers, including those with airflow obstruction. After lung hyperinflation was accounted for, FEV(1) and emphysema no longer were associated with CAD. Subsequent studies should consider measuring lung hyperinflation and examining its mechanistic role in CAD in current and former smokers.

Published
2021
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3. Machine Learning Characterization of COPD Subtypes

Author

Peter J. Castaldi, Adel Boueiz, Jeong Yun, Raul San Jose Estepar, James C. Ross, George Washko, Michael H. Cho, Craig P. Hersh, Gregory L. Kinney, Kendra A. Young, Elizabeth A. Regan, David A. Lynch, Gerald J. Criner, Jennifer G. Dy, Stephen I. Rennard, Richard Casaburi, Barry J. Make, James Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, John E. Hokanson, James D. Crapo, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Lystra P. Hayden, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dmitry Prokopenko, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez-Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Matt Strand, Gregory Kinney, Surya P. Bhatt, Jessica Bon, Alejandro A. Diaz, Barry Make, Susan Murray, Elizabeth Regan, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, and Farnoush Banaei-Kashani

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Context (language use), Disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Subtyping, respiratory tract diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Genetic epidemiology, medicine, Clinical significance, 030212 general & internal medicine, Artificial intelligence, Genetic risk, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, computer
Abstract

COPD is a heterogeneous syndrome. Many COPD subtypes have been proposed, but there is not yet consensus on how many COPD subtypes there are and how they should be defined. The COPD Genetic Epidemiology Study (COPDGene), which has generated 10-year longitudinal chest imaging, spirometry, and molecular data, is a rich resource for relating COPD phenotypes to underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms. In this article, we place COPDGene clustering studies in context with other highly cited COPD clustering studies, and summarize the main COPD subtype findings from COPDGene. First, most manifestations of COPD occur along a continuum, which explains why continuous aspects of COPD or disease axes may be more accurate and reproducible than subtypes identified through clustering methods. Second, continuous COPD-related measures can be used to create subgroups through the use of predictive models to define cut-points, and we review COPDGene research on blood eosinophil count thresholds as a specific example. Third, COPD phenotypes identified or prioritized through machine learning methods have led to novel biological discoveries, including novel emphysema genetic risk variants and systemic inflammatory subtypes of COPD. Fourth, trajectory-based COPD subtyping captures differences in the longitudinal evolution of COPD, addressing a major limitation of clustering analyses that are confounded by disease severity. Ongoing longitudinal characterization of subjects in COPDGene will provide useful insights about the relationship between lung imaging parameters, molecular markers, and COPD progression that will enable the identification of subtypes based on underlying disease processes and distinct patterns of disease progression, with the potential to improve the clinical relevance and reproducibility of COPD subtypes.

Published
2020
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4. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin MZ Heterozygosity Is an Endotype of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author

Auyon J. Ghosh, Brian D. Hobbs, Matthew Moll, Aabida Saferali, Adel Boueiz, Jeong H. Yun, Frank Sciurba, Lucas Barwick, Andrew H. Limper, Kevin Flaherty, Gerard Criner, Kevin K. Brown, Robert Wise, Fernando J. Martinez, David Lomas, Peter J. Castaldi, Vincent J. Carey, Dawn L. DeMeo, Michael H. Cho, Edwin K. Silverman, Craig P. Hersh, James D. Crapo, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri H. Beaty, Adel El-Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Lystra P. Hayden, Jacqueline Hetmanski, John E. Hokanson, Wonji Kim, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Dmitry Prokopenko, Jarrett Morrow, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez-Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Matt Strand, Erin Austin, Gregory Kinney, Kendra A. Young, Surya P. Bhatt, Jessica Bon, Alejandro A. Diaz, Barry Make, Susan Murray, Elizabeth Regan, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, George Washko, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Brown, Nadia N. Hansel, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Ken M. Kunisaki, Eric L. Flenaugh, Hirut Gebrekristos, Mario Ponce, Silanath Terpenning, Gloria Westney, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Douglas Conrad, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Wassim Labaki, Craig Galban, Dharshan Vummidi, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Divay Chandra, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, and Harjinder Singh

Subjects
Male, Endotype, Respiratory System, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical and Health Sciences, Gastroenterology, Loss of heterozygosity, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Genotype, 80 and over, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Aetiology, Lung, Aged, 80 and over, COPD, RNA sequencing, Middle Aged, Respiratory Function Tests, medicine.anatomical_structure, Phenotype, Meta-analysis, Respiratory, Female, alpha-1 antitrypsin, Genetic Markers, Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Chronic Obstructive, Heterozygote, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pulmonary disease, Pulmonary Disease, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Humans, Allele, Aged, Emphysema, COPDGene Investigators, Whole Genome Sequencing, business.industry, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, respiratory tract diseases, meta-analysis, alpha 1-Antitrypsin, Case-Control Studies, business
Abstract

RATIONALE: Multiple studies have demonstrated an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in heterozygous carriers of the AAT (alpha-1 antitrypsin) Z allele. However, it is not known if MZ subjects with COPD are phenotypically different from noncarriers (MM genotype) with COPD. OBJECTIVES: To assess if MZ subjects with COPD have different clinical features compared with MM subjects with COPD. METHODS: Genotypes of SERPINA1 were ascertained by using whole-genome sequencing data in three independent studies. We compared outcomes between MM subjects with COPD and MZ subjects with COPD in each study and combined the results in a meta-analysis. We performed longitudinal and survival analyses to compare outcomes in MM and MZ subjects with COPD over time. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We included 290 MZ subjects with COPD and 6,184 MM subjects with COPD across the three studies. MZ subjects had a lower FEV(1)% predicted and greater quantitative emphysema on chest computed tomography scans compared with MM subjects. In a meta-analysis, the FEV(1) was 3.9% lower (95% confidence interval [CI], −6.55% to −1.26%) and emphysema (the percentage of lung attenuation areas

Published
2021

5. Emphysema Progression and Lung Function Decline Among Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin-Receptor Blockade Users in the COPDGene Cohort

Author

Vickram Tejwani, Ashraf Fawzy, Nirupama Putcha, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael H. Cho, Katherine A. Pratte, Surya P. Bhatt, David A. Lynch, Stephen M. Humphries, Gregory L. Kinney, Franco R. D’Alessio, Nadia N. Hansel, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dmitry Prokopenko, Dandi Qiao, Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Juan Pablo Centeno, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Craig J. Galban, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, Pietro Nardelli, John D. Newell, Aleena Notary, Andrea Oh, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bramvan Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, Gonzalo Vegas Sanchez-Ferrero, Lucas Veitel, George R. Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Katherine Pratte, Matt Strand, Gregory Kinney, Kendra A. Young, Jessica Bon, Alejandro A. Diaz, Barry Make, Susan Murray, Elizabeth Regan, Xavier Soler, Russell P. Bowler, Katerina Kechris, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, George Washko, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Eric Flenaugh, Silanth Terpenning, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, KenM. Kunisaki, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Douglas Conrad, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Wassim Labaki, Craig Galban, Dharshan Vummidi, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, and Joel Weissfeld

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, Angiotensin receptor, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Vital Capacity, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Walk Test, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Forced Expiratory Volume, Medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, education, Aged, COPD, education.field_of_study, Lung, biology, business.industry, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, respiratory system, Middle Aged, Protective Factors, medicine.disease, Angiotensin II, respiratory tract diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Genetic epidemiology, Pulmonary Emphysema, Spirometry, Cohort, biology.protein, Cardiology, Disease Progression, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Lung Volume Measurements, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Background Attenuation of transforming growth factor β by blocking angiotensin II has been shown to reduce emphysema in a murine model. General population studies have demonstrated that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) is associated with reduction of emphysema progression in former smokers and that the use of ACEis is associated with reduction of FEV1 progression in current smokers. Research Question Is use of ACEi and ARB associated with less progression of emphysema and FEV1 decline among individuals with COPD or baseline emphysema? Methods Former and current smokers from the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD Study who attended baseline and 5-year follow-up visits, did not change smoking status, and underwent chest CT imaging were included. Adjusted linear mixed models were used to evaluate progression of adjusted lung density (ALD), percent emphysema (%total lung volume Results Over 5 years of follow-up, compared with nonusers, ACEi and ARB users with COPD showed slower ALD progression (adjusted mean difference [aMD], 1.6; 95% CI, 0.34-2.9). Slowed lung function decline was not observed based on phase 1 medication (aMD of FEV1 % predicted, 0.83; 95% CI, –0.62 to 2.3), but was when analysis was limited to consistent ACEi and ARB users (aMD of FEV1 % predicted, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.14-3.6). No effect modification by smoking status was found for radiographic outcomes, and the lung function effect was more pronounced in former smokers. Results were similar among participants with baseline emphysema. Interpretation Among participants with spirometry-confirmed COPD or baseline emphysema, ACEi and ARB use was associated with slower progression of emphysema and lung function decline. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov ; No.: NCT00608764; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov

Published
2020

6. CT-based Visual Classification of Emphysema: Association with Mortality in the COPDGene Study

Author

Russell P. Bowler, Carla G Wilson, Edwin K. Silverman, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Stephen M. Humphries, John H. M. Austin, Douglas Curran-Everett, Dipti Nevrekar, David A. Lynch, James D. Crapo, Camille M. Moore, Elizabeth A. Regan, Philippe Grenier, Barry J. Make, Terri H. Beaty, MeiLan K. Han, Theodore Jennermann, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, and John E. Hokanson

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonary disease, Comorbidity, macromolecular substances, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Cohort Studies, Thoracic Imaging, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Severity of illness, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Lung, Survival analysis, Aged, Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, Emphysema, business.industry, Middle Aged, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, United States, respiratory tract diseases, 3. Good health, 030228 respiratory system, Multicenter study, Female, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Risk assessment, Cohort study
Abstract

Purpose To determine whether visually assessed patterns of emphysema at CT might provide a simple assessment of mortality risk among cigarette smokers. Materials and Methods Of the first 4000 cigarette smokers consecutively enrolled between 2007 and 2011 in this COPDGene study, 3171 had data available for both visual emphysema CT scores and survival. Each CT scan was retrospectively visually scored by two analysts using the Fleischner Society classification system. Severity of emphysema was also evaluated quantitatively by using percentage lung volume occupied by low-attenuation areas (voxels with attenuation of −950 HU or less) (LAA-950). Median duration of follow-up was 7.4 years. Regression analysis for the relationship between imaging patterns and survival was based on the Cox proportional hazards model, with adjustment for age, race, sex, height, weight, pack-years of cigarette smoking, current smoking status, educational level, LAA-950, and (in a second model) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Results Observer agreement in visual scoring was good (weighted κ values, 0.71–0.80). There were 519 deaths in the study cohort. Compared with subjects who did not have visible emphysema, mortality was greater in those with any grade of emphysema beyond trace (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.7, 2.5, 5.0, and 4.1, respectively, for mild centrilobular emphysema, moderate centrilobular emphysema, confluent emphysema, and advanced destructive emphysema, P < .001). This increased mortality generally persisted after adjusting for LAA-950. Conclusion The visual presence and severity of emphysema is associated with significantly increased mortality risk, independent of the quantitative severity of emphysema. Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Published
2018
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7. Asthma Is a Risk Factor for Respiratory Exacerbations Without Increased Rate of Lung Function Decline

Author

Lystra P. Hayden, Megan E. Hardin, Weiliang Qiu, David A. Lynch, Matthew J. Strand, Edwin J. van Beek, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Craig P. Hersh, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Adel R. Boueiz, Robert Busch, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Jim Crooks, Douglas Everett, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, and Kendra A. Young

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, COPD, medicine.medical_specialty, Exacerbation, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Pneumonia, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Internal medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Respiratory system, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Airway, Asthma
Abstract

Background Previous investigations in adult smokers from the COPDGene Study have shown that early-life respiratory disease is associated with reduced lung function, COPD, and airway thickening. Using 5-year follow-up data, we assessed disease progression in subjects who had experienced early-life respiratory disease. We hypothesized that there are alternative pathways to reaching reduced FEV 1 and that subjects who had childhood pneumonia, childhood asthma, or asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) would have less lung function decline than subjects without these conditions. Methods Subjects returning for 5-year follow-up were assessed. Childhood pneumonia was defined by self-reported pneumonia at Results Follow-up data from 4,915 subjects were examined, including 407 subjects who had childhood pneumonia, 323 subjects who had childhood asthma, and 242 subjects with ACO. History of childhood asthma or ACO was associated with an increased exacerbation frequency (childhood asthma, P P = .006) and odds of severe exacerbations (childhood asthma, OR, 1.41; ACO, OR, 1.42). History of childhood pneumonia was associated with increased exacerbations in subjects with COPD (absolute difference [β], 0.17; P = .04). None of these early-life respiratory diseases were associated with an increased rate of lung function decline or progression on CT scans. Conclusions Subjects who had early-life asthma are at increased risk of developing COPD and of having more active disease with more frequent and severe respiratory exacerbations without an increased rate of lung function decline over a 5-year period. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No. NCT00608764; https://clinicaltrials.gov.

Published
2018
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8. Lobar Emphysema Distribution Is Associated With 5-Year Radiological Disease Progression

Author

Adel Boueiz, Yale Chang, Michael H. Cho, George R. Washko, Raul San José Estépar, Russell P. Bowler, James D. Crapo, Dawn L. DeMeo, Jennifer G. Dy, Edwin K. Silverman, Peter J. Castaldi, James Crapo, Edwin Silverman, Barry Make, Elizabeth Regan, Terri Beaty, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Stephanie Santorico, John Hokanson, Dawn DeMeo, Nadia Hansel, Craig Hersh, Peter Castaldi, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Emily Wan, Megan Hardin, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Margaret Parker, Marilyn Foreman, Brian Hobbs, Robert Busch, Dandi Qiao, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Ferdouse Begum, Sungho Won, Sharon Lutz, David A. Lynch, Harvey O. Coxson, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul José Estépar, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Eva van Rikxoort, Bram van Ginneken, Carla G. Wilson, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Teresa Gray, Alex Kluiber, Tanya Mann, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Joyce Schroeder, Edwin Van Beek, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Anna Faino, Matt Strand, Carla Wilson, John E. Hokanson, Gregory Kinney, Kendra Young, Katherine Pratte, Lindsey Duca, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Venkata Bandi, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Arun Nachiappan, Francine Jacobson, R. Graham Barr, Byron Thomashow, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Neil MacIntyre, Lacey Washington, H. Page McAdams, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Janos Porszasz, Hans Fischer, Matthew Budoff, Harry Rossiter, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Gloria Westney, Eugene Berkowitz, Russell Bowler, David Lynch, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, J. Michael Wells, Surya Bhatt, Hrudaya Nath, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro Cornellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, MeiLan Han, Ella Kazerooni, Carlos Martinez, Joanne Billings, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Joel Weissfeld, Carl Fuhrman, Jessica Bon, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz

Subjects
Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Genome-wide association study, Comorbidity, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Severity of Illness Index, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, Forced Expiratory Volume, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, COPD, Distribution (pharmacology), 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, business.industry, Middle Aged, respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Pulmonary Emphysema, 030228 respiratory system, Genetic epidemiology, Radiological weapon, Cohort, Disease Progression, Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 5], Female, Metabolic syndrome, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 194255.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Emphysema has considerable variability in its regional distribution. Craniocaudal emphysema distribution is an important predictor of the response to lung volume reduction. However, there is little consensus regarding how to define upper lobe-predominant and lower lobe-predominant emphysema subtypes. Consequently, the clinical and genetic associations with these subtypes are poorly characterized. METHODS: We sought to identify subgroups characterized by upper-lobe or lower-lobe emphysema predominance and comparable amounts of total emphysema by analyzing data from 9,210 smokers without alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) cohort. CT densitometric emphysema was measured in each lung lobe. Random forest clustering was applied to lobar emphysema variables after regressing out the effects of total emphysema. Clusters were tested for association with clinical and imaging outcomes at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Their associations with genetic variants were also compared. RESULTS: Three clusters were identified: minimal emphysema (n = 1,312), upper lobe-predominant emphysema (n = 905), and lower lobe-predominant emphysema (n = 796). Despite a similar amount of total emphysema, the lower-lobe group had more severe airflow obstruction at baseline and higher rates of metabolic syndrome compared with subjects with upper-lobe predominance. The group with upper-lobe predominance had greater 5-year progression of emphysema, gas trapping, and dyspnea. Differential associations with known COPD genetic risk variants were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Subgroups of smokers defined by upper-lobe or lower-lobe emphysema predominance exhibit different functional and radiological disease progression rates, and the upper-lobe predominant subtype shows evidence of association with known COPD genetic risk variants. These subgroups may be useful in the development of personalized treatments for COPD.

Published
2018
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9. CT-Based Airway Surface Area to Volume Ratio Is Associated with Lung Function Decline in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Author

Pravinkumar G Kandhare, Joseph M. Reinhardt, Arie Nakhmani, T.R. Patel, Carla G Wilson, Surya P. Bhatt, Hrudaya Nath, Sandeep Bodduluri, and Mark T. Dransfield

Subjects
COPD, medicine.medical_specialty, Surface-area-to-volume ratio, business.industry, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Pulmonary disease, Medicine, Airway, business, medicine.disease, Lung function
Published
2019
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10. Combined Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second and Forced Vital Capacity Bronchodilator Response, Exacerbations, and Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author

Spyridon Fortis, Alejandro Comellas, Barry J. Make, Craig P. Hersh, Sandeep Bodduluri, Dimitris Georgopoulos, Victor Kim, Gerard J. Criner, Mark T. Dransfield, Surya P. Bhatt, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Robert Busch, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Megan E. Hardin, Lystra P. Hayden, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Jessica Bon, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, Male, Vital capacity, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Vital Capacity, Pulmonary disease, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Bronchodilator, Forced Expiratory Volume, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Asthma, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Original Research, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, respiratory tract diseases, Bronchodilator Agents, Respiratory Function Tests, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, 030228 respiratory system, Volume (thermodynamics), Multivariate Analysis, Cardiology, Disease Progression, Female, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Rationale: The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society defines a positive bronchodilator response (BDR) by a composite of BDR in either forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and/or forced vital capacity (FVC) greater than or equal to 12% and 200 ml (ATS-BDR). We hypothesized that ATS-BDR components would be differentially associated with important chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outcomes. Objectives: To examine whether ATS-BDR components are differentially associated with clinical, functional, and radiographic features in COPD. Methods: We included subjects with COPD enrolled in the COPDGene study. In the main analysis, we excluded subjects with self-reported asthma. We categorized BDR into the following: 1) No-BDR, no BDR in either FEV(1) or FVC; 2) FEV(1)-BDR, BDR in FEV(1) but no BDR in FVC; 3) FVC-BDR, BDR in FVC but no BDR in FEV(1); and 4) Combined-BDR, BDR in both FEV(1) and FVC. We constructed multivariable logistic, linear, zero-inflated negative binomial, and Cox hazards models to examine the association of BDR categories with symptoms, computed tomography findings, change in FEV(1) over time, respiratory exacerbations, and mortality. We also created models using the ATS BDR definition (ATS-BDR) as the main independent variable. Results: Of 3,340 COPD subjects included in the analysis, 1,083 (32.43%) had ATS-BDR, 182 (5.45%) had FEV(1)-BDR, 522 (15.63%) had FVC-BDR, and 379 (11.34%) had Combined-BDR. All BDR categories were associated with FEV(1) decline compared with No-BDR. Compared with No-BDR, both ATS-BDR and Combined-BDR were associated with higher functional residual capacity %predicted, greater internal perimeter of 10 mm, and greater 6-minute-walk distance. In contrast to ATS-BDR, Combined-BDR was independently associated with less emphysema (adjusted beta regression coefficient, −1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.68 to −0.65; P = 0.001), more frequent respiratory exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03–1.50; P = 0.02) and severe exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05–1.71; P = 0.02), and lower mortality (adjusted hazards ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58–0.99; P = 0.046). Sensitivity analysis that included subjects with self-reported history of asthma showed similar findings. Conclusions: BDR in both FEV(1) and FVC indicates a COPD phenotype with asthma-like characteristics, and provides clinically more meaningful information than current definitions of BDR.

Published
2019

11. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire Definition of Chronic Bronchitis May Be a Better Predictor of COPD Exacerbations Compared With the Classic Definition

Author

Victor Kim, Huaqing Zhao, Elizabeth Regan, MeiLan K. Han, Barry J. Make, James D. Crapo, Paul W. Jones, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Edwin K. Silverman, Gerard J. Criner, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Robert Busch, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Megan E. Hardin, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Jean-Paul Charbonnier, Harvey O. Coxson, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Jered Sieren, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Eric L. Flenaugh, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, Gabriela Oates, Sushil Sonavane, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Jessica Bon, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic bronchitis, Exacerbation, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Per patient per year, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Aged, COPD, Normal spirometry, business.industry, Severe exacerbation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, humanities, Obstructive lung disease, respiratory tract diseases, Bronchitis, Chronic, 030228 respiratory system, Disease Progression, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, human activities
Abstract

Background Chronic bronchitis (CB) increases risk of COPD exacerbations. We have shown that the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) CB definition identifies patients with a similar clinical phenotype as classically defined CB. Whether the SGRQ CB definition is a predictor of future COPD exacerbations is unknown. Methods We analyzed 7,557 smokers with normal spirometry and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 1-4 COPD in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study with longitudinal follow-up data on exacerbations. Subjects were divided into classic CB+ or classic CB–, using the classic definition. In addition, subjects were divided into SGRQ CB+ or SGRQ CB–. Exacerbation frequency and severe exacerbation frequency were determined in each group. Multivariable linear regressions were performed for exacerbation frequency with either classic CB or SGRQ CB and relevant covariates. Results There were 1,434 classic CB+ subjects and 2,290 SGRQ CB+ subjects. The classic CB+ group had a greater exacerbation frequency compared with the classic CB– group (0.69 ± 1.26 vs 0.36 ± 0.90 exacerbations per patient per year; P Conclusions The SGRQ CB definition identified more subjects at risk for future exacerbations than the classic CB definition. SGRQ CB was at least a similar if not better predictor of future exacerbations than classic CB.

Published
2018

12. New Spirometry Indices for Detecting Mild Airflow Obstruction

Author

Peter J. Castaldi, Surya P. Bhatt, Prescott G. Woodruff, Michael Eberlein, Carla G Wilson, Arie Nakhmani, MeiLan K. Han, Christopher B. Cooper, Frank C. Sciurba, Nirav R. Bhakta, Mark T. Dransfield, Young-il Kim, Igor Barjaktarevic, and Sandeep Bodduluri

Subjects
Male, Image Processing, Vital Capacity, lcsh:Medicine, Disease, Comorbidity, Severity of Illness Index, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Computer-Assisted, Forced Expiratory Volume, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Odds Ratio, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, Lung, Tomography, COPD, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, respiratory system, Middle Aged, Prognosis, X-Ray Computed, Respiratory Function Tests, Quartile, Respiratory, Cardiology, Female, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Article, Pulmonary Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, Aged, business.industry, lcsh:R, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Airway Obstruction, Good Health and Well Being, 030228 respiratory system, lcsh:Q, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) relies on demonstration of airflow obstruction. Traditional spirometric indices miss a number of subjects with respiratory symptoms or structural lung disease on imaging. We hypothesized that utilizing all data points on the expiratory spirometry curves to assess their shape will improve detection of mild airflow obstruction and structural lung disease. We analyzed spirometry data of 8307 participants enrolled in the COPDGene study, and derived metrics of airflow obstruction based on the shape on the volume-time (Parameter D), and flow-volume curves (Transition Point and Transition Distance). We tested associations of these parameters with CT measures of lung disease, respiratory morbidity, and mortality using regression analyses. There were significant correlations between FEV1/FVC with Parameter D (r = −0.83; p

Published
2018

13. Spirometric Volumes and Breathlessness across Levels of Airflow Limitation: The COPDGene Study

Author

Magnus Ekström, Anna Bornefalk-Hermansson, Nicholas Wysham, David C. Currow, Neil MacIntyre, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Robert Busch, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Megan E. Hardin, Lystra P. Hayden, Craig P. Hersh, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Margaret M. Parker, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D’Souza, Gregory D. N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D’Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs Pharm.D, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Jessica Bon, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, and Mario E. Ruiz

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, COPD, business.industry, Airflow, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Internal medicine, Correspondence, Cardiology, Medicine, business, Lung function
Abstract

Spirometric Volumes and Breathlessness Across Levels of Airflow Limitation : The COPDGene Study.

Published
2018

14. Blood eosinophil count thresholds and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author

Jeong H. Yun, Andrew Lamb, Robert Chase, Dave Singh, Margaret M. Parker, Aabida Saferali, Jørgen Vestbo, Ruth Tal-Singer, Peter J. Castaldi, Edwin K. Silverman, Craig P. Hersh, James D. Crapo, Barry J. Make, Elizabeth A. Regan, Terri Beaty, Ferdouse Begum, Robert Busch, Michael Cho, Dawn L. DeMeo, Adel R. Boueiz, Marilyn G. Foreman, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Nadia N. Hansel, Megan E. Hardin, Lystra P. Hayden, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Brian D. Hobbs, John E. Hokanson, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Sharon M. Lutz, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Dandi Qiao, Stephanie Santorico, Emily S. Wan, Sungho Won, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Harvey O. Coxson, Teresa Gray, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, Alex Kluiber, David A. Lynch, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Joyce Schroeder, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Edwin Van Beek, Bram van Ginneken, Eva van Rikxoort, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Jim Crooks, Camille Moore, Matt Strand, John Hughes, Gregory Kinney, Katherine Pratte, Kendra A. Young, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Mustafa Atik, Venkata Bandi, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Arun Nachiappan, Amit Parulekar, Craig Hersh, R. Graham Barr, John Austin, Belinda D'Souza, Gregory D.N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Byron Thomashow, Neil MacIntyre, H. Page McAdams, Lacey Washington, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Allison Lambert, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Matthew Budoff, Hans Fischer, Janos Porszasz, Harry Rossiter, William Stringer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Eugene Berkowitz, Gloria Westney, Russell Bowler, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, Surya Bhatt, Anand Iyer, Hrudaya Nath, J. Michael Wells, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro P. Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, Ella Kazerooni, Joanne Billings, Abbie Begnaud, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Jessica Bon, Divay Chandra, Carl Fuhrman, Joel Weissfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, Y. Ivanov, K. Kostov, J. Bourbeau, M. Fitzgerald, P. Hernandez, K. Killian, R. Levy, F. Maltais, D. O'Donnell, J. Krepelka, J. Vestbo, E. Wouters, D. Quinn, P. Bakke, M. Kosnik, A. Agusti, J. Sauleda, P. de Mallorca, Y. Feschenko, V. Gavrisyuk, L. Yashina Kiev, N. Monogarova, P. Calverley, D. Lomas, W. MacNee, D. Singh, J. Wedzicha, A. Anzueto, S. Braman, R. Casaburi, B. Celli, G. Giessel, M. Gotfried, G. Greenwald, N. Hanania, D. Mahler, B. Make, S. Rennard, C. Rochester, P. Scanlon, D. Schuller, F. Sciurba, A. Sharafkhaneh, T. Siler, E. Silverman, A. Wanner, R. Wise, R. ZuWallack, H. Coxson, C. Crim, L. Edwards, R. Tal Singer, J. Yates, B. Miller, R. Tal-Singer, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Pulmonologie, and MUMC+: MA Longziekten (3)

Subjects
Male, Exacerbation, Allergy, AIRWAY INFLAMMATION, INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS, Rate ratio, Leukocyte Count, 0302 clinical medicine, exacerbation, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Lung, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Complete blood count, Middle Aged, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL, Observational Studies as Topic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Disease Progression, Respiratory, Female, SHORT-TERM RESPONSE, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Immunology, Pulmonary Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, Clinical Research, Internal medicine, White blood cell, medicine, Humans, eosinophil, Asthma, Aged, business.industry, COPDGene and ECLIPSE Investigators, Eosinophil, asthma, medicine.disease, Eosinophils, 030228 respiratory system, SPUTUM-EOSINOPHILIA, OVERLAP SYNDROME, business, COPENHAGEN GENERAL-POPULATION
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with exacerbations and responsivity to steroids, suggesting potential shared mechanisms with eosinophilic asthma. However, there is no consistent blood eosinophil count that has been used to define the increased exacerbation risk. OBJECTIVE:We sought to investigate blood eosinophil counts associated with exacerbation risk in patients with COPD. METHODS:Blood eosinophil counts and exacerbation risk were analyzed in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD by using 2 independent studies of former and current smokers with longitudinal data. The Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study was analyzed for discovery (n=1,553), and the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) study was analyzed for validation (n=1,895). Asubset of the ECLIPSE study subjects were used to assess the stability of blood eosinophil counts over time. RESULTS:COPD exacerbation risk increased with higher eosinophil counts. An eosinophil count threshold of 300cells/μL or greater showed adjusted incidence rate ratios for exacerbations of 1.32 in the COPDGene study (95% CI, 1.10-1.63). The cutoff of 300cells/μL or greater was validated for prospective risk of exacerbation in the ECLIPSE study, with adjusted incidence rate ratios of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.06-1.41) using 3-year follow-up data. Stratified analysis confirmed that the increased exacerbation risk associated with an eosinophil count of 300cells/μL or greater was driven by subjects with a history of frequent exacerbations in both the COPDGene and ECLIPSE studies. CONCLUSIONS:Patients with moderate-to-severe COPD and blood eosinophil counts of 300cells/μL or greater had an increased risk exacerbations in the COPDGene study, which was prospectively validated in the ECLIPSE study.

Published
2018

15. Genetic Association and Risk Scores in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Meta-analysis of 16,707 Subjects

Author

Robert Busch, Brian D. Hobbs, Jin Zhou, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael J. McGeachie, Megan E. Hardin, Iwona Hawrylkiewicz, Pawel Sliwinski, Jae-Joon Yim, Woo Jin Kim, Deog K. Kim, Alvar Agusti, Barry J. Make, James D. Crapo, Peter M. Calverley, Claudio F. Donner, David A. Lomas, Emiel F. Wouters, Jørgen Vestbo, Ruth Tal-Singer, Per Bakke, Amund Gulsvik, Augusto A. Litonjua, David Sparrow, Peter D. Paré, Robert D. Levy, Stephen I. Rennard, Terri H. Beaty, John Hokanson, Edwin K. Silverman, Michael H. Cho, James Crapo, Edwin Silverman, Barry Make, Elizabeth Regan, Terri Beaty, Nan Laird, Christoph Lange, Michael Cho, Stephanie Santorico, Dawn DeMeo, Nadia Hansel, Craig Hersh, Peter Castaldi, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Emily Wan, Megan Hardin, Jacqueline Hetmanski, Margaret Parker, Marilyn Foreman, Brian Hobbs, Adel El-Bouiez, Dandi Qiao, Eitan Halper-Stromberg, Ferdouse Begum, Sungho Won, Sharon Lutz, David A. Lynch, Harvey O. Coxson, MeiLan K. Han, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen Humphries, Francine L. Jacobson, Philip F. Judy, Ella A. Kazerooni, John D. Newell, James C. Ross, Raul San Jose Estepar, Berend C. Stoel, Juerg Tschirren, Eva van Rikxoort, Bram van Ginneken, George Washko, Carla G. Wilson, Mustafa Al Qaisi, Teresa Gray, Alex Kluiber, Tanya Mann, Jered Sieren, Douglas Stinson, Joyce Schroeder, Edwin Van Beek, Robert Jensen, Douglas Everett, Anna Faino, Matt Strand, Carla Wilson, John E. Hokanson, Gregory Kinney, Kendra Young, Katherine Pratte, Lindsey Duca, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Carlos H. Martinez, Perry G. Pernicano, Nicola Hanania, Philip Alapat, Venkata Bandi, Mustafa Atik, Aladin Boriek, Kalpatha Guntupalli, Elizabeth Guy, Amit Parulekar, Arun Nachiappan, Francine Jacobson, R. Graham Barr, Byron Thomashow, John Austin, Belinda D'Souza, Gregory D. N. Pearson, Anna Rozenshtein, Neil MacIntyre, Lacey Washington, H. Page McAdams, Charlene McEvoy, Joseph Tashjian, Robert Wise, Robert Brown, Karen Horton, Nirupama Putcha, Richard Casaburi, Alessandra Adami, Janos Porszasz, Hans Fischer, Matthew Budoff, Harry Rossiter, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Charlie Lan, Christine Wendt, Brian Bell, Gloria Westney, Eugene Berkowitz, Russell Bowler, David Lynch, Richard Rosiello, David Pace, Gerard Criner, David Ciccolella, Francis Cordova, Chandra Dass, Gilbert D'Alonzo, Parag Desai, Michael Jacobs, Steven Kelsen, Victor Kim, A. James Mamary, Nathaniel Marchetti, Aditi Satti, Kartik Shenoy, Robert M. Steiner, Alex Swift, Irene Swift, Maria Elena Vega-Sanchez, Mark Dransfield, William Bailey, J. Michael Wells, Surya Bhatt, Hrudaya Nath, Joe Ramsdell, Paul Friedman, Xavier Soler, Andrew Yen, Alejandro Comellas, John Newell, Brad Thompson, MeiLan Han, Ella Kazerooni, Carlos Martinez, Joanne Billings, Tadashi Allen, Frank Sciurba, Divay Chandra, Joel Weissfeld, Carl Fuhrman, Jessica Bon, Antonio Anzueto, Sandra Adams, Diego Maselli-Caceres, Mario E. Ruiz, Jaume Sauleda, Peter M. A. Calverley, Stephen Rennard, Y. Ivanov, K. Kostov, J. Bourbeau, M. Fitzgerald, P. Hernandez, K. Killian, R. Levy, F. Maltais, D. O'Donnell, J. Krepelka, J. Vestbo, E. Wouters, D. Quinn, P. Bakke, M. Kosnik, A. Agusti, J. Sauleda, Y. Feschenko, V. Gavrisyuk, L. Yashina, N. Monogarova, P. Calverley, D. Lomas, W. MacNee, D. Singh, J. Wedzicha, A. Anzueto, S. Braman, R. Casaburi, B. Celli, G. Giessel, M. Gotfried, G. Greenwald, N. Hanania, D. Mahler, B. Make, S. Rennard, C. Rochester, P. Scanlon, D. Schuller, F. Sciurba, A. Sharafkhaneh, T. Siler, E. Silverman, A. Wanner, R. Wise, R. ZuWallack, H. Coxson, C. Crim, L. Edwards, R. Tal Singer, J. Yates, B. Miller, R. Tal-Singer, J. Benditt, G. Criner, M. DeCamp, P. Diaz, M. Ginsburg, L. Kaiser, M. Katz, M. Krasna, N. MacIntyre, R. McKenna, F. Martinez, Z. Mosenifar, J. Reilly, A. Ries, J. Utz, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Pulmonologie, MUMC+: MA Longziekten (3), and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Chronic inflammatory disease and wasting

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Clinical Biochemistry, EMPHYSEMA, SUSCEPTIBILITY, AIR-FLOW OBSTRUCTION, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk Factors, Medicine, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Genetic epidemiology, Original Research, COPD, COMPLEX DISEASE, RECLASSIFICATION, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Middle Aged, Genetic risk score, Respiratory Function Tests, LUNG-FUNCTION, Genetic risk factors, alpha-1 antitrypsin, Meta-analysis, Female, SMOKING, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic epidemiology, Pulmonary disease, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, genetic risk score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Genetic variation, genetic risk factors, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Molecular Biology, Genotyping, Genetic association, Aged, business.industry, Cell Biology, Heritability, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Physical therapy, business, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

The heritability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cannot be fully explained by recognized genetic risk factors identified as achieving genome-wide significance. In addition, the combined contribution of genetic variation to COPD risk has not been fully explored. We sought to determine: (1) whether studies of variants from previous studies of COPD or lung function in a larger sample could identify additional associated variants, particularly for severe COPD; and (2) the impact of genetic risk scores on COPD. We genotyped 3,346 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2,588 cases (1,803 severe COPD) and 1,782 control subjects from four cohorts, and performed association testing with COPD, combining these results with existing genotyping data from 6,633 cases (3,497 severe COPD) and 5,704 control subjects. In addition, we developed genetic risk scores from SNPs associated with lung function and COPD and tested their discriminatory power for COPD-related measures. We identified significant associations between SNPs near PPIC (P = 1.28 X 10(-8)) and PPP4R4/SERPINA1 (P = 1.01 X 10(-8)) and severe COPD; the latter association may be driven by recognized variants in SERPINA1. Genetic risk scores based on SNPs previously associated with COPD and lung function had a modest ability to discriminate COPD (area under the curve, similar to 0.6), and accounted for a mean 0.9-1.9% lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted for each additional risk allele. In a large genetic association analysis, we identified associations with severe COPD near PPIC and SERPINA1. A risk score based on combining genetic variants had modest, but significant, effects on risk of COPD and lung function.

Published
2017
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16. Association Between Expiratory Central Airway Collapse and Respiratory Outcomes Among Smokers

Author

Xavi Soler, Douglas Stinson, George R. Washko, Nina L.J. Terry, Carla G Wilson, Hrudaya Nath, Nirupama Putcha, Juerg Tschirren, Surya P. Bhatt, Robert A. Wise, Mark Bolding, Mark T. Dransfield, Eric A. Hoffman, Douglas Curran-Everett, Jordan A. Zach, Marilyn G. Foreman, and David A. Lynch

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pulmonary Atelectasis, Exacerbation, Respiratory physiology, Rate ratio, Article, Pulmonary function testing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Forced Expiratory Volume, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COPD, Exercise Tolerance, Tracheal Diseases, business.industry, Minimal clinically important difference, Respiration, Smoking, Exhalation, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Dyspnea, 030228 respiratory system, Inhalation, Pulmonary Emphysema, Physical therapy, Disease Progression, Quality of Life, Female, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Body mass index
Abstract

Central airway collapse greater than 50% of luminal area during exhalation (expiratory central airway collapse [ECAC]) is associated with cigarette smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its prevalence and clinical significance are unknown.To determine whether ECAC is associated with respiratory morbidity in smokers independent of underlying lung disease.Analysis of paired inspiratory-expiratory computed tomography images from a large multicenter study (COPDGene) of current and former smokers from 21 clinical centers across the United States. Participants were enrolled from January 2008 to June 2011 and followed up longitudinally until October 2014. Images were initially screened using a quantitative method to detect at least a 30% reduction in minor axis tracheal diameter from inspiration to end-expiration. From this sample of screen-positive scans, cross-sectional area of the trachea was measured manually at 3 predetermined levels (aortic arch, carina, and bronchus intermedius) to confirm ECAC (50% reduction in cross-sectional area).Expiratory central airway collapse.The primary outcome was baseline respiratory quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ] scale 0 to 100; 100 represents worst health status; minimum clinically important difference [MCID], 4 units). Secondary outcomes were baseline measures of dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] scale 0 to 4; 4 represents worse dyspnea; MCID, 0.7 units), baseline 6-minute walk distance (MCID, 30 m), and exacerbation frequency (events per 100 person-years) on longitudinal follow-up.The study included 8820 participants with and without COPD (mean age, 59.7 [SD, 6.9] years; 4667 [56.7%] men; 4559 [51.7%] active smokers). The prevalence of ECAC was 5% (443 cases). Patients with ECAC compared with those without ECAC had worse SGRQ scores (30.9 vs 26.5 units; P .001; absolute difference, 4.4 [95% CI, 2.2-6.6]) and mMRC scale scores (median, 2 [interquartile range [IQR], 0-3]) vs 1 [IQR, 0-3]; P .001]), but no significant difference in 6-minute walk distance (399 vs 417 m; absolute difference, 18 m [95% CI, 6-30]; P = .30), after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, forced expiratory volume in the first second, pack-years of smoking, and emphysema. On follow-up (median, 4.3 [IQR, 3.2-4.9] years), participants with ECAC had increased frequency of total exacerbations (58 vs 35 events per 100 person-years; incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.49 [95% CI, 1.29-1.72]; P .001) and severe exacerbations requiring hospitalization (17 vs 10 events per 100 person-years; IRR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.51-2.21]; P .001).In a cross-sectional analysis of current and former smokers, the presence of ECAC was associated with worse respiratory quality of life. Further studies are needed to assess long-term associations with clinical outcomes.

Published
2016

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