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183 results on '"Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie"'

1. Genotyping Approach for Potential Common Source of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Hematology Unit

Author: Adrien Lemaignen, Céline Nourrisson, Virginie Bonnin, Virginie Morange, Florent Morio, Marie-Alix De Kyvon, Maxime Moniot, Philippe Poirier, Guillaume Desoubeaux, E. Bailly, Marjan Ertault De La Bretonniére, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Clermont-Ferrand), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Genotype, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Microsporidiosis, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Hospitals, University, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, satellites, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, Internal transcribed spacer, cluster, Genotyping, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Cross Infection, outbreak, lcsh:R, Hematology, ITS rDNA, Enterocytozoon, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Genotyping Approach for Potential Common Source of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Hematology Unit, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Minisatellite, microsporidiosis, genotyping, Genetic marker, Hematologic Neoplasms, Microsporidia, Synopsis, microsporidia, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, fungi
Abstract: International audience; Microsporidiosis is a fungal infection that generally causes digestive disorders, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Over a 4-day period in January 2018, 3 patients with hematologic malignancies who were admitted to the hematology unit of a hospital in France received diagnoses of Enterocytozoon bieneusi microsporidiosis. This unusually high incidence was investigated by sequence analysis at the internal transcribed spacer rDNA locus and then by 3 microsatellites and 1 minisatellite for multilocus genotyping. The 3 isolates had many sequence similarities and belonged to a new genotype closely related to genotype C. In addition, multilocus genotyping showed high genetic distances with all the other strains collected from epidemiologically unrelated persons; none of these strains belonged to the new genotype. These data confirm the epidemiologic link among the 3 patients and support a common source of infection.
Published: 2019
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2. Using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry to identify mushroom species -Proof of concept analysis of Amanita genus specimens

Author: Raphaël Pierre Piarroux, Patrick Collombon, Frédéric Grenouillet, Frédéric Gabriel, Anne-Cécile Normand, Martine Piarroux, Philippe Louasse, LDBIO Diagnostics, CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Timone, Marseille], Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Société de Mycologie de France (SMF), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Amanita, 030106 microbiology, Mushroom Poisoning, Mass spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Agaricales, Amanita phalloides, Mushroom poisoning, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Mushroom, Food poisoning, Chromatography, biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, food poisoning, France, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Abstract: Food poisoning caused by toxic mushrooms, such as species in the Amanita genus, occurs frequently around the world. To properly treat these patients, it is important to rapidly and accurately identify the causal species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry is a rapid technique that has been used in medical laboratories for the past three decades to identify bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-Tof MS) is a rapid method used for the past three decades to identify microorganisms. In this study, we created and internally validated a MALDI-Tof MS reference database comprising 15 Amanita species frequently encountered in France, and we challenged this database with 38 Amanita specimens from four French locations, using a free online application for MALDI-ToF spectra identifications.Assessment of the database showed that mass spectra can be obtained by analyzing any portion of a carpophore and that all portions enabled identification of the carpophore at the species level. Most carpophores were correctly identified using our database, with the exception of specimens from the Vaginatae section. Decay tests also demonstrated that decayed portions (like those found in the kitchen garbage can) of Amanita phalloides mushrooms could be properly identified using MALDI-ToF MS.Our findings provide important insight for toxicology laboratories that often rely on DNA sequencing to identify meal leftovers implicated in food poisoning. In future developments, this technique could also be used to detect counterfeit mushrooms by including other genera in the reference database.Lay SummaryMALDI-ToF MS is a powerful identification tool for microorganisms. We demonstrate that the technique can be applied to Amanita specimens. This will prevent food intoxications as a rapid and definite identification can be obtained, and it can also be used for food remnants.
Published: 2021
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3. Epidemiological investigation for grouped cases of Trichosporon asahii using whole genome and IGS1 sequencing

Author: N. Brieu, B. Sendid, E. Sitterle, Frédéric Gabriel, I. Poilane, D. Moissenet, Christine Aznar, V. Blanc, N. Traversier, M. Sasso, N. Godineau, O. Eloy, Corinne Maufrais, Danièle Maubon, H. Rabérin, C. Lawrence, P. Mariani, P. Cahen, C. Bonnal, B. Bouteille, M. Cornet, F. Moriot, B. Heym, Elisabeth Chachaty, Dominique Toubas, M. Nicolas, Sophie Cassaing, A. Paugam, S. Picot, E. Moalic, Adela Angoulvant, Loïc Favennec, Françoise Dromer, M. Gari‐toussaint, Marc Pihet, Taieb Chouaki, Magalie Pierre Demar, Frédéric Grenouillet, N. Fauchet, L. Collet, Frédéric Dalle, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Céline Nourrisson, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, O. Faure, Françoise Botterel, C. Nabet, N. Bourgeois, E. Bailly, Dorothée Quinio, Alexandre Alanio, O. Mouquet, S. Brun, S. Bland, Julie Bonhomme, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Stéphane Ranque, Philippe Poirier, N. Desbois, Florence Persat, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, H. Piarroux, E. Forget, L. Lachaux, V. Bru, Laurence Millon, A. Minoza, C. Kauffman, L. Hasseine, Martine Wallon, A.L. Roux, D. Poisson, S. Bonacorsi, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Informatique pour la Biologie, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Observatoires Régionaux du Pneumocoque, Partenaires INRAE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale (TIMC-IMAG-TheREx ), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de parasitologie [Pointe-à-Pitre], CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Sud Saint Pierre [Ile de la Réunion], Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Hôpital Huriez, CHU Limoges, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de parasitologie et mycologie médicale, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Hôpital universitaire Bichat, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Curie [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Antifungal Agents, Adolescent, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Dermatology, Trichosporon asahii, Biology, Genome, DNA, Ribosomal, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Trichosporonosis, medicine, Humans, Child, DNA, Fungal, Mycological Typing Techniques, Genotyping, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Genetics, Voriconazole, Whole genome sequencing, Whole Genome Sequencing, Basidiomycota, Haplotype, Infant, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, France, Genome, Fungal, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND Trichosporonosis is a rare invasive infection in humans mainly due to Trichosporon asahii, and especially recovered from patients having haematological malignancy. Since 2012, IGS1 region sequencing is used as a genotyping method to distinguish isolates, with high frequency of one haplotype worldwide and a geographic specificity for some haplotypes. OBJECTIVES We compared the IGS1 genotyping method and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to study the relationship between clinical isolates involved in two grouped cases in France. METHODS IGS1 sequencing and antifungal susceptibility testing were performed for 54 clinical isolates. Clinical data for 28 isolates included in surveillance programs were analysed. Whole genome was sequenced for 32 clinical isolates and the type strain. RESULTS All isolates were intrinsically resistant to flucytosine, while voriconazole had the most potent in vitro activity. The majority of the isolates was recovered from patients with haematological malignancies (42.86%), with a high proportion of children (
Published: 2020
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4. Ultrasound features of fetal toxoplasmosis: A contemporary multicenter survey in 88 fetuses

Author: Nicole Ferret, Catherine Noel, Alexandra Benachi, Anne-Hélène Saliou, Olivier Picone, Léo Pomar, Estelle Cateau, Camille Codaccioni, Fabrice Cuillier, Laurent Mandelbrot, Dorothée Quinio, Norbert Winer, Denis Filisetti, Isabelle Villena, Martine Wallon, A. S. Weingertner, Valérie Vequeau-Goua, Christelle Pomares, Paul Maurice, Guillaume Benoist, Yves Ville, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Laurent Guibaud, Marc Dommergues, Véronique Lambert, Service de gynécologie et obstétrique [Colombes], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Louis Mourrier, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly [Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Guyane Française], Service de Médecine Fœtale [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicale [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Département de Radiologie [HCL, Lyon], Hospices civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique (BREST - Gynéco-Obs), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, médecine de la reproduction [Béclère], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [CH Renée Dubos, Pontoise], Centre Hospitalier Renée Dubos [Pontoise], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Laboratoire de parasitologie et mycologie médicale [CHU Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg, Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [CHU Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Service de gynécologie et obstétrique [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Maternité, Chirurgie Gynécologique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Dupuis, Christine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030105 genetics & heredity, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Ascites, medicine, Humans, Seroconversion, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Genetics (clinical), Retrospective Studies, Fetus, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, Toxoplasmosis, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Fetal Diseases, Multicenter survey, Small for gestational age, Female, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Objective: To describe the lesions detected by prenatal ultrasound examination in congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all cases of fetal infection with T. gondii with ultrasound anomalies described by fetal medicine experts in 2009-2019 in 30 French centers. Results: Eighty-eight cases of CT were included. Forty-five (51.1%) had one or more cerebral signs only, 35 (39.8%) had cerebral plus extra-cerebral signs and 8 (9.1%) had extra-cerebral signs only. The main cerebral signs were intracranial hyperechogenic nodular foci (n=60) of which 20 were isolated, ventriculomegalies (n=44) which generally increased during follow-up, and periventricular abscesses (n=12). The main extra-cerebral signs were hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly (n=14), small for gestational age (n=14), ascites (n=14, including 2 with hydrops), and hyperechogenic bowel (n=11). Maternal infection occurred mostly in the first or second trimester (81 cases), periconceptionally in 1 and in the third trimester in 6 cases. The first ultrasound signs were detected after a median of 7 weeks [range: 1.4; 24.0] following maternal toxoplasmosis seroconversion. Conclusion: While no sign was specific of CT, there were typical associations of cerebral signs with or without extracerebral signs. Detailed ultrasound examination could improve prognostic evaluation, as well as diagnosis of CT in settings lacking serological screening. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2020
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5. Invasive aspergillosis due to Aspergillus section Usti: a multicenter retrospective study

Author: Eléna Charpentier, Frédéric Gabriel, Frédéric Lamoth, Maria Aigner, Emmanouil Glampedakis, Michela Paolucci, Felix Bongomin, Malcolm Richardson, C. Bonnal, Russel Edward Lewis, Arnaud Fekkar, Christophe Hennequin, Stéphane Bretagne, Patrice Le Pape, Arnaud Riat, Reinhard Zbinden, Veronique Erard, Pierre-Yves Bochud, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Olga V Shadrivova, Sophie Brun, Nina Khanna, Dionysios Neofytos, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Eric Dannaoui, Florent Morio, Peter W Schreiber, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Alix T. Coste, Nikolai Klimko, Sophie Cassaing, Glampedakis E., Cassaing S., Fekkar A., Dannaoui E., Bougnoux M.-E., Bretagne S., Neofytos D., Schreiber P.W., Hennequin C., Morio F., Shadrivova O., Bongomin F., Fernandez-Ruiz M., Bellanger A.P., Arikan-Akdagli S., Erard V., Aigner M., Paolucci M., Khanna N., Charpentier E., Bonnal C., Brun S., Gabriel F., Riat A., Zbinden R., Le Pape P., Klimko N., Lewis R.E., Richardson M., Inkaya A.C., Coste A.T., Bochud P.-Y., Lamoth F., Hôpital Lausanne, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Hop Univ Geneve, Serv Malad Infect, Geneva, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology [Zurich], University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université de Saint-Petersburg, University of Manchester [Manchester], Unit Infectious Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ankara University School of Medicine [Turkey], University of Fribourg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Department of Hematology and Oncology 'L. e A. Seragnoli', St. Orsola University Hospital, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Service de Parasitologie Mycologie[Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Parasitologie [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hôpitaux Universitaire de Genève, Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicale [CHU Nantes], Radiopharmaceutiques biocliniques (LRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Faculty of Medicine [Hacettepe University], Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, Aspergillosi, Aspergillus puniceus, 030106 microbiology, Aspergillus calidoustus, Aspergillus pseudodeflectus, Aspergillosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Aspergillus ustus, Retrospective Studie, Internal medicine, Amphotericin B, medicine, Antifungal Agent, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Voriconazole, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, ddc:616, business.industry, Mortality rate, Retrospective cohort study, Aspergillus insuetus, medicine.disease, Aspergillu, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, business, Invasive Fungal Infections, medicine.drug, Human
Abstract: Background Aspergillus spp. of section Usti (A. ustus) represent a rare cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA). This multicenter study describes the epidemiology and outcome of A. ustus infections. Methods Patients with A. ustus isolated from any clinical specimen were retrospectively identified in 22 hospitals from 8 countries. When available, isolates were sent for species identification (BenA/CaM sequencing) and antifungal susceptibility testing. Additional cases were identified by review of the literature. Cases were classified as proven/probable IA or no infection, according to standard international criteria. Results Clinical report forms were obtained for 90 patients, of whom 27 had proven/probable IA. An additional 45 cases were identified from literature review for a total of 72 cases of proven/probable IA. Hematopoietic cell and solid-organ transplant recipients accounted for 47% and 33% cases, respectively. Only 8% patients were neutropenic at time of diagnosis. Ongoing antimold prophylaxis was present in 47% of cases. Pulmonary IA represented 67% of cases. Primary or secondary extrapulmonary sites of infection were observed in 46% of cases, with skin being affected in 28% of cases. Multiple antifungal drugs were used (consecutively or in combination) in 67% of cases. The 24-week mortality rate was 58%. A. calidoustus was the most frequent causal agent. Minimal inhibitory concentrations encompassing 90% isolates (MIC90) were 1, 8, >16, and 4 µg/mL for amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, respectively. Conclusions Aspergillus ustus IA mainly occurred in nonneutropenic transplant patients and was frequently associated with extrapulmonary sites of infection. Mortality rate was high and optimal antifungal therapy remains to be defined.
Published: 2019
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6. Evaluation of Mass Spectrometry-Based Detection of Panfungal Serum Disaccharide for Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections: Results from a Collaborative Study Involving Six European Clinical Centers

Author: Daniel Poulain, Elena De Carolis, Boualem Sendid, Malgorzata Mikulska, Yann Guérardel, Alexandre Mery, Marjorie Cornu, Claudio Viscoli, Lauro Damonti, Nadine François, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Marie Titecat, Pierre-Yves Bochud, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Alexandre Alanio, Raoul Herbrecht, Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ospedale Policlinico San Martino [Genoa], Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale (IPPTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Fondazione 'Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli' [Rome], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Interface de Recherche Fondamentale et Appliquée en Cancérologie (IRFAC - Inserm U1113), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Paul Strauss : Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer (CRLCC)-Fédération de Médecine Translationelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Guérardel, Yann, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Physiopathologie des candidoses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del 'Sacro Cuore', Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Clinic of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inst Microbiol, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Genoa (UNIGE), CHU Strasbourg, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lille-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC) - U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 [LIRIC], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, CHU Lille, Inserm, Université de Strasbourg [UNISTRA], Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico [IRCCS], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] [CHUV], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 [UPD7], Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico [IRCCS], and Interface de Recherche Fondamentale et Appliquée en Cancérologie [IRFAC - Inserm U1113]
Subjects: Male, Disaccharide, Aspergillosis, Disaccharides, invasive fungal infection, Gastroenterology, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antigens, Fungal, Candidiasis, Europe, Female, Humans, Intersectoral Collaboration, Invasive Fungal Infections, Mannans, Mass Spectrometry, Middle Aged, Mucormycosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Young Adult, invasive aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis, mass spectrometry, mucormycosis, serological diagnosis, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mannan, Antigens, Fungal/blood, Aspergillosis/diagnosis, Candidiasis/diagnosis, Disaccharides/blood, Invasive Fungal Infections/blood, Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis, Mannans/blood, Mucormycosis/diagnosis, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Invasive candidiasis, Control subjects, 3. Good health, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.BBM.BS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Mycology, 03 medical and health sciences, Galactomannan, Invasive aspergillosis, Invasive candidiasis, Invasive fungal infection, Mass spectrometry, Mucormycosis, Serological diagnosis, Internal medicine, Author Correction, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Galactose, medicine.disease, chemistry, Bacteremia, business
Abstract: A mass spectrometry (MS) method that detects a serum disaccharide (DS) (MS-DS) was recently described for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI). We carried out a European collaborative study to evaluate this assay., A mass spectrometry (MS) method that detects a serum disaccharide (DS) (MS-DS) was recently described for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI). We carried out a European collaborative study to evaluate this assay. Patients with the following IFI were selected according to the availability of sera obtained at about the time that IFI was documented: invasive candidiasis (IC; n = 26 patients), invasive aspergillosis (IA; n = 19), and mucormycosis (MM; n = 23). Control sera originated from 20 neutropenic patients and 20 patients with bacteremia. MS-DS was carried out in blind manner for the diagnosis of IFI. A diagnosis of IC or IA was confirmed by detection of mannan (Man) or galactomannan (GM), respectively, associated with detection of (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) in both infections. MM was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). All tests discriminated sera from patients with IC from sera from control subjects with bacteremia (P ≤ 0.0009). For IC, the MS-DS sensitivity and specificity were 51% and 87%, respectively. MS-DS complemented the high specificity of Man monitoring. All tests discriminated sera from IA patients from sera from neutropenic controls (P ≤ 0.0009). For IA, MS-DS sensitivity and specificity were 64% and 95%, respectively. Only 13/36 serum samples from patients with MM were concordant by MS-DS and qPCR (6 were positive, and 7 were negative); 14 were positive by MS-DS alone. qPCR and MS-DS made a similar contribution to the diagnosis of MM. In patients undergoing long-term monitoring, the persistent circulation of serum disaccharide was observed, whereas DNA was detected only for a short period after initiation of treatment. MS-DS has an important role to play in the early diagnosis of IFI. Its panfungal nature and complementarity with other tests may justify its use in the management of IFI.
Published: 2019
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7. Assessment of the first commercial multiplex PCR kit (ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro Real-Time PCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis from fecal samples

Author: M. Leterrier, Yohann Le Govic, Adrien Laude, Philippe Poirier, Marie Machouart, Patrice Le Pape, Nicolas Argy, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Frédéric Dalle, Jessica Beser, Nathalie Bourgeois, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Florent Morio, Estelle Cateau, Céline Nourrisson, Françoise Botterel, Stéphane Valot, Christelle Pomares, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Parasite (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Public Health Agency of Sweden, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Clermont-Ferrand), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service de parasitologie, mycologie, médecine tropicale CHRU Bretonneau, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie (AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Vin Aliment Microbiologie et Stress (VAlMiS), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (AP-HP Hôpital Henri Mondor), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHD de la Roche-Sur-Yon), CHD Vendee (La Roche Sur Yon), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Enterocytozoon bieneusi, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Cryptosporidium, Microsporidiosis, Cryptosporidium spp, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, law.invention, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, law, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, parasitic diseases, medicine, CE-IVD, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, DNA, Fungal, Polymerase chain reaction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bacteriological Techniques, biology, Encephalitozoon, General Medicine, Multiplex PCR, DNA, Protozoan, Enterocytozoon, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Stool, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidium spp. Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis are opportunistic pathogens responsible for gastrointestinal diseases. We evaluated the ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro Real-Time PCR kit (Ademtech, France), the first CE-IVD compliant PCR assay available for these pathogens. This study was conducted blindly against a reference panel of 115 stool specimens including positive samples for Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 48) and E. bieneusi (n = 38) as well as negative or positive samples for other parasites to test for cross-reactivity. An additional set of samples corresponding to 8 rare Cryptosporidium species was also included. Discrepancies were evaluated with external in-house PCR tests. The ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro PCR assay displayed a sensitivity/specificity of 91.7%/100% and 97.3%/98.7% for Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi, respectively, and was able to detect all 12 Cryptosporidium species of the reference panel, including rare species. This new CE-IVD assay will facilitate the diagnosis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis, a major concern in immunocompromised patients and travelers.
Published: 2019
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8. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Author: Damien Costa, Romy Razakandrainibe, Marc Sautour, Stéphane Valot, Louise Basmaciyan, Gilles Gargala, Denis Lemeteil, Loïc Favennec, Frédéric Dalle, Anne Debourgogne, Adela Angoulvant, Patrice Agnamey, Julie bonhomme, Brigitte Degeilh, Cathy Chemla, Cécile Garnaud, Coralie Lollivier, Cécile angebault, Pascal Delaunay, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Emilie Fréalle, Frédéric Grenouillet, Florent Morio, Françoise Botterel, Ghania Belkadi, Hélène Yera, Gilles Nevez, Xavier Iriart, Isabelle Accoceberry, Julie Brunet, Marc Thellier, Meja Rabodonirina, Milene Sasso, Charline Miossec, Murielle Nicolas, Nicole Desbois, Philippe Poirier, Christelle Pomares, Sandrine Houze, Yohann Le govic, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Franck Labbe, Marie Laure Darde, Olivier Duquesnoy, Pierre Flori, Patrick Bastien, Thomas Gueudet, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Estelle Cateau, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Nathalie Kapel, Eric Dannaoui, Alexis Valentin, Anne Totet, Jean Menotti, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Emmanuel Dutoit, Renaud Piarroux, Emilie Sitterle, Denis Magne, Samsa Hamane, Antoine Berry, Cecile Ramade, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Sérologies Bactériennes et Parasitaires [CHU de la Martinique], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique - CHU Martinique, Parasitologie-Mycologie Fort de France, CHU Fort de France, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Service de réanimation médicale, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier – Henri Mondor, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Région Haute Normandie, Projet COS Sesa, 2015-2018, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Rennes (UR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Child, Immunodeficiency, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Mortality rate, Cryptosporidium, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Cryptosporidium parvum, Child, Preschool, Protozoan, Cyclosporine, Female, Immunotherapy, France, medicine.symptom, Cryptosporidium hominis, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Context (language use), Tacrolimus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Immunocompromised, Aged, Immunosuppression Therapy, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Mycophenolic Acid, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficient individuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declare confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declared in immunodeficient patients in France; Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis represented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declared in SOT recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiency or even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidium free water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency.
Published: 2018
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9. Long-term outcomes of adults with first-relapsed/refractory systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in the pre-brentuximab vedotin era: A LYSA/SFGM-TC study

Author: Emmanuel Bachy, Anne Sonet, Corinne Haioun, Hervé Tilly, Camille Laurent, Richard Delarue, Laurence Lamant, Philippe Gaulard, Josette Brière, Olivier Tournilhac, Sandy Amorim, David Sibon, Michael Loschi, Alexandre Morel, Université de Nantes (UN), Service d'anatomo-pathologie [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques [Purpan], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Service d'hématologie clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias (CHELTER), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Groupe d'étude des proliférations lymphoïdes (GPL), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de biologie et modélisation de la cellule (LBMC UMR 5239), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire SYstèmes et Matériaux pour la MEcatronique ( SYMME ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères]-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), CRLCC Henri Becquerel, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Faculté de médecine ( UPEC Médecine ), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service d'Hématologie Clinique Adulte et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie ( CIRI ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Departement de Pathologie, Institut Claudius Regaud,Toulouse, Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte contre le Cancer, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale ( IMRB ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Groupe d'étude des proliférations lymphoïdes ( GPL ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Laboratoire d'hématologie ( ERL 8254 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias - Clermont Auvergne (CHELTER), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Immunoconjugates, Vindesine, Survival, Gastroenterology, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Anaplastic lymphoma kinase, Medicine, Relapse, 10. No inequality, Brentuximab vedotin, Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, Brentuximab Vedotin, ALK protein, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Oncology, Vincristine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Bleomycin, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Refractory, Internal medicine, Humans, Cyclophosphamide, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Confidence interval, Lymphoma, Clinical trial, Doxorubicin, Prednisone, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Background Long-term outcomes of adults with first-relapsed/refractory (R/R) systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) are not definitively established and should be evaluated. Patients and methods We previously published the long-term outcomes of adults with ALCL initially treated with polychemotherapy in LYmphoma Study Association (LYSA) prospective clinical trials conducted during the pre-brentuximab vedotin era. Herein, we report the long-term outcomes of those patients after the first-relapsed/refractory (R/R) events. Results Among the 138 (64 (anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK(+)) and 74 ALK(−) ALCL) adults initially treated in clinical trials, 40 (14 ALK(+) and 26 ALK(−)) first-R/R ALCL patients and their long-term outcomes were analysed. Median follow-up from the first-R/R events was 12.5 years. For ALK(+) and ALK(−) patients, respectively, median [range] findings were as follows: age at first-R/R event: 35 [19–76] and 61 [34–81] years; time between inclusion in first-line clinical trials and first-R/R events was 6 [1.5–34] and 11.1 [1–67] months (P = 0.36); with median (95% confidence interval) progression-free survival after the first-R/R events: 3.8 (0.7–14.8) and 5.3 (2.4–8.4) months (P = 0.39); and overall survival: 13.6 (0.7–89) and 8.1 (3.3–25) months (P = 0.96). ALCL was the main cause of death. Conclusion Most adults with first-R/R ALCL have poor outcomes, with no significant differences between patients with ALK(+) or ALK(−) disease. These results could be used as reference for the evaluation of new drugs to treat R/R ALCL.
Published: 2017
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10. Epidemiological trends in invasive aspergillosis in France: the SAIF network (2005–2007)

Author: Stéphane Bretagne, B. Lebeau, F. de Monbrison, Olivier Lortholary, Karine Sitbon, Françoise Dromer, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Bruno Coignard, Y. Le Strat, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lyon, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire ( CNRMA ), Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques ( SeRAIC ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -IFR140, Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques ( BIPAR ), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -AFSSA-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, MESH : Prospective Studies, MESH : Aged, Aspergillosis, Mannans, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, Prospective Studies, MESH: Incidence, Aged, 80 and over, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence, General Medicine, MESH : Incidence, 3. Good health, Aspergillus, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Young Adult, Drug Therapy, Combination, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Galactomannan, Pharmacotherapy, MESH: Mannans, MESH : Adolescent, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH : Seasons, 030306 microbiology, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Antifungal Agents, medicine.disease, chemistry, galactomannan, Immunology, MESH: Female, Antifungal Agents, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Risk Factors, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Aged, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH : Aspergillus, MESH : Immunocompromised Host, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Hospitals, MESH : Risk Factors, Hospitals, MESH : Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Aspergillus, outcome, Female, France, Seasons, medicine.drug, Adult, Adolescent, MESH : Male, MESH : Antifungal Agents, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, Internal medicine, voriconazole, medicine, MESH : France, Voriconazole, invasive aspergillosis, business.industry, MESH : Drug Therapy, Combination, Galactose, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: France, Transplantation, MESH: Drug Therapy, Combination, MESH : Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Caspofungin, business, MESH : Mannans, MESH: Seasons
Abstract: International audience; A prospective (2005-2007) hospital-based multicentre surveillance of EORTC/MSG-proven or probable invasive aspergillosis (IA) cases whatever the underlying diseases was implemented in 12 French academic hospitals. Admissions per hospital and transplantation procedures were obtained. Cox regression models were used to determine risk factors associated with the 12-week overall mortality. With 424 case-patients included, the median incidence/hospital was 0.271/10(3) admissions (range 0.072-0.910) without significant alteration of incidence and seasonality over time. Among the 393 adults (62% men, 56 years (16-84 years)), 15% had proven IA, 78% haematological conditions, and 92.9% had lung involvement. Acute leukaemia (34.6%) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (21.4%) were major host factors, together with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (21.6%), which emerged as a new high-risk group. The other risk host factors consisted of solid organ transplantation (8.7%), solid tumours (4.3%), systemic inflammatory diseases (4.6%) and chronic respiratory diseases (2.3%). Serum galactomannan tests were more often positive (≥69%) for acute leukaemia and allogeneic stem cell transplantation than for the others (
Published: 2011
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11. Mucormycosis: New Developments into a Persistently Devastating Infection

Author: Emilie Catherinot, François Danion, Fanny Lanternier, Olivier Lortholary, Alexandre Alanio, Susan DeWolf, Claire Aguilar, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de pneumologie [Hôpital Foch], Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service de pneumologie, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Lung Diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, Pyridines, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Aspergillosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Maintenance therapy, Amphotericin B, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Nitriles, medicine, Humans, Mucormycosis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, Lung Diseases, Fungal, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Triazoles, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, 3. Good health, Transplantation, Fungal, Debridement, Mucorales, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Mucormycosis is a rare, though increasingly prevalent, life-threatening fungal disease caused by Mucorales. The incidence has increased over the last decade and its mortality remains high at around 50%. Mucormycosis occurs mostly in patients with diabetes mellitus and/or in the context of immunosuppression resulting from chemotherapy for hematological malignancy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or solid-organ transplantation. In this situation, lung and rhino-orbito-cerebral infections are the most frequent localizations of the disease. Prompt initiation of an effective treatment is essential to decrease mortality. However, mucormycosis and aspergillosis share close clinical and radiological features. Invasive procedures such as bronchial endoscopy and/or lung biopsy are necessary to confirm diagnosis, as no indirect tests are yet validated. Therefore, the challenge is to minimize the delay in diagnosis. When present, the reversed halo sign on CT scan is suggestive of mucormycosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction is a new promising approach to detect Mucorales DNA in serum and new molecular tools are available to detect Mucorales in tissues as well as to specify species. Recommendations from ECIL and ECMM/ESCMID have recently been published on management of mucormycosis. The recommended treatment is an amphotericin B lipid formulation in combination with surgery and modification of risk factors. High-dose (10 mg/kg) of liposomal amphotericin B is recommended in case of neurological involvement and posaconazole for maintenance therapy. Place of isavuconazole as well as posaconazole new formulations (tablets and intravenous) in first line treatment have to be defined. Improved radiologic descriptions of mucormycosis and new molecular tools may be key elements to help with rapid diagnosis in the future. Clinical trials are warranted to improve therapeutic success and hopefully survival.
Published: 2015
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12. High diversity of non-sporulating moulds in respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients: should all the species be reported when diagnosing invasive aspergillosis?

Author: Martine Olivi, Odile Cabaret, Stéphane Bretagne, Catherine Cordonnier, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Jean-Marc Costa, Françoise Foulet, Alexandre Alanio, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Mycologie moléculaire, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier – Henri Mondor, Laboratoire CERBA, Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], Service d'hématologie clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Spores, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Genus, Respiratory system, DNA, Fungal, Child, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, 0303 health sciences, immunocompromised patient, biology, non-sporulating mould, General Medicine, Biodiversity, Spores, Fungal, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Phenotype, Fungal, Child, Preschool, Hematologic Neoplasms, Penicillium, Female, Sequence Analysis, Adult, Adolescent, Virulence, Dermatology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Immunocompromised Host, medicine, Humans, In patient, Internal transcribed spacer, Preschool, Respiratory specimens, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, invasive aspergillosis, 030306 microbiology, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, respiratory tract diseases, fungi
Abstract: International audience; Non-sporulating moulds (NSMs) isolated from respiratory specimens are usually discarded without further testing although they may have pathogenic effects in immunocompromised patients. The objective of this study was to determine the identity and frequency of NSMs in patients with haematological malignancies. We analysed the mycological results of 251 consecutive respiratory samples from 104 haematology patients. Yeast and sporulating moulds were identified at the genus/species level according to their phenotypic features. NSMs were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. We detected 179 positive samples, of which 10.1% (18/179) were mixtures of moulds and 26.3% (47/179) were mixtures of moulds and yeast. We identified 142 moulds belonging to 11 different genera/species or groups, with Aspergillus fumigatus (n = 50), Penicillium spp. (n = 31) and NSM (n = 24) being the most frequently isolated species. Twenty-two NSMs were successfully sequenced: 18 were basidiomycetes and six were ascomycetes, corresponding to 16 different genera/species. NSMs were isolated with A. fumigatus in the same sample or in a subsequent sample in five patients with probable invasive aspergillosis. The conclusion is that the respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients frequently contain very diverse mould species that may increase the virulence of pathogenic species. Reporting all mould species isolated when diagnosing invasive fungal infection could test this hypothesis.
Published: 2015
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13. Molecular identification of Mucorales in human tissues: contribution of PCR electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry

Author: Benoit Guery, Pierre BUFFET, Stéphane Bretagne, Frédéric GRENOUILLET, Benjamin Wyplosz, Tristan Ferry, André Paugam, Sophie Cassaing, Florent Morio, Maud GITS-MUSELLI, Anne Thiebaut-Bertrand, Mathilde Hunault, Cedric Arvieux, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Anne Bergeron, Stéphane Ranque, Boualem Sendid, Olivia Freynet, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Service d’anesthésie-réanimation [AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis], AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Pathogénie des infections systémiques (UMR_S 570), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Minatec, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Saint Louis], Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress (MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire ( CNRMA ), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 )
Subjects: Microbiological Techniques, Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Culture, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, law, Pathology, Prospective Studies, Pathology, Molecular, DNA, Fungal, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Polymerase chain reaction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Electrospray Ionization, General Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, PCR, Fungal, Mucorales identification, Mucorales, Sequence Analysis, Microbiology (medical), Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Electrospray ionization, electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, Mass spectrometry, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, medicine, Humans, Mucormycosis, Internal transcribed spacer, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Spectrometry, Molecular, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Ribosomal RNA, Mass, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, species level
Abstract: International audience; Molecular methods are crucial for mucormycosis diagnosis because cultures are frequently negative, even if microscopy suggests the presence of hyphae in tissues. We assessed PCR/electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) for Mucorales identification in 19 unfixed tissue samples from 13 patients with proven or probable mucormycosis and compared the results with culture, quantitative real-time PCR, 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer region (ITS PCR) and 18S PCR sequencing. Concordance with culture identification to both genus and species levels was higher for PCR/ESI-MS than for the other techniques. Thus, PCR/ESI-MS is suitable for Mucorales identification, within 6 hours, for tissue samples for which microscopy results suggest the presence of hyphae.
Published: 2015
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14. Infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus: causes and consequences in an hyperendemic area

Author: Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Jacques Cabaret, Habib Mezhoud, Selim M’rad, Hamouda Babba, Oudni-M'rad, Myriam, LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Medicale et Moleculaire, LR12ES08, Faculte de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Faculté de Pharmacie, UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de parasitologie, Hopital Habib Bourguiba - Habib Bourguiba Hospital [Sfax], Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, Endemic Diseases, Environmental contamination, Climate, variabilité génétique, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, Dog Diseases, Echinococcus granulosus, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, biology, Geography, Incidence, Microbiology and Parasitology, maladie parasitaire, Echinococcosis, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, G1 genotype, Phylogeography, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, zoonose, Tunisia, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Genetic variation, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Genetic variability, Isolation by distance, tunisie, Research, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Echinococcus, Parasitology, contamination fécale, chien, Dog faecal sample, humain
Abstract: Background Tunisia is a hyper endemic country for human echinococcosis. The infection is transmitted via the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus which are passed in the faeces of the definitive canid host. Methods This study evaluated the contamination rate of the dog faeces in different climatic conditions at eight different geographic regions throughout Tunisia. Dog faecal samples were collected from the soil and the Echinococcus eggs were identified using microscopic and molecular (Eg1121/1122 PCR, Egss1 PCR and Nad1 PCR-RFLP) tools. Results The contamination index of dog faeces by E. granulosus eggs ranged from 8.3% to 41.3% depending on the region. Comparisons of the dog faecal contamination rate against human incidence found them to be independent. Neither human prevalence nor dog contamination index appeared to be related to climatic conditions or geographic characteristics. The genetic variability of E. granulosus samples was different within each region but was not related to geographic distance which is indicative of local divergent evolutions rather than isolation by distance. Conclusions A high environmental dog contamination index does not necessarily correspond to high prevalence in humans as transmission is strongly linked to human behavior and hygiene.
Published: 2015
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15. Characterization and multicentric validation of a common standard for Toxoplasma gondii detection using nucleic acid amplification assays

Author: Yvon Sterkers, Laurence Delhaes, Sophie Cassaing, Hervé Pelloux, Denis Filisetti, Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Feriel Touafek, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Hélène Yera, Patrick Bastien, Frédéric Dalle, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), FLAveur, VIsion et Comportement du consommateur (FLAVIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU LIlle], Institut de Microbiologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de parasitologie et mycologie médicale [CHU Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), We acknowledge the financial support of the 'RSI Assurance Maladie Professions Libérales—Provinces, C.A.M.P.L.P.' for buying the LightCycler 480 (Roche) real-time PCR equipment in Montpellier as well as that of the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS)., We thank Florence Robert-Gangneux (CHU of Rennes) and Jean Menotti (Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris) for fruitful discussions. We are grateful to Sylvie Matern and Rachel Huber (Strasbourg), Filomena Naji and Michèle Wauquier (Lille), Sylvie Douzou, Ghislaine Serres, and Bounleth Sanichanh (Montpellier), Catherine Barois (Grenoble), Anne Lamy, Raphaelle Laurenceau, Sandrine Chalmeton, Elodie Duthu, Séverine Gisquet, and Catherine Paris (Toulouse), and Cédric Rondot and Yacine Garaoun (Paris-Cochin) for technical assistance. We are indebted to Nathalie Van Langendonck (Academic Hospital of Tours) for providing AF samples. We are also grateful to Sebastien Besteiro (UMR CNRS 5235/University Montpellier 2, 'DIMNP') for providing the in vitro cultivated parasites., Pôle biologie Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), MESH: Reference Standards, MESH: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods, MESH: Parasite Load/standards, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Toxoplasma gondii, diagnostic, Parasitic loads, Parasite Load, MESH: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/standards, MESH: Toxoplasma/isolation & purification, medicine, Molecular diagnostic techniques, Humans, National level, Reference standards, MESH: Parasite Load/methods, standardization, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods, Nucleic acid amplification technique, MESH: Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis, MESH: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards, Reference Standards, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, quantification, 3. Good health, MESH: France, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Immunology, Nucleic acid, MESH: Toxoplasma/genetics, Parasitology, France, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Toxoplasma
Abstract: The molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis essentially relies upon laboratory-developed methods and suffers from lack of standardization, hence the large diversity of performances between laboratories. Moreover, quantifications of parasitic loads differ among centers, a fact which prevents the possible prediction of the severity of this disease as a function of parasitic loads. The objectives of this multicentric study performed in eight proficient laboratories of the Molecular Biology Pole of the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis (NRC-T) were (i) to assess the suitability of a lyophilized preparation of Toxoplasma gondii as a common standard for use in this PCR-based molecular diagnosis and (ii) to make this standard available to the community. High-quality written procedures were used for the production and qualification of this standard. Three independent batches of this standard, containing concentrations ranging from 10 4 to 0.01 T. gondii genome equivalents per PCR, were first assessed: the linear dynamic range was ≥6 log, the intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) from a sample containing 10 T. gondii organisms per PCR were 0.3% to 0.42%, and the interassay CV over a 2-week period was 0.76% to 1.47%. A further assessment in eight diagnostic centers showed that the standard is stable, robust, and reliable. These lyophilized standards can easily be produced at a larger scale when needed and can be made widely available at the national level. To our knowledge, this is the first quality control assessment of a common standard which is usable both for self-evaluation in laboratories and for accurate quantification of parasitic loads in T. gondii prenatal infections.
Published: 2014
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16. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with or without AIDS, France

Author: Emmanuel Canet, Denis Magne, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Elie Azoulay, Sandrine Valade, Frédéric Dalle, Ariane Lafabrie, M. Leterrier, Samia Hamane, Solène Le Gal, Julie Bonhomme, Dominique Toubas, Christelle Pomares, Patricia Roux, Christophe Hennequin, Antoine Roux, Antoine Berry, Florence Gangneux-Robert, Anne Debourgogne, Isabelle Durand-Joly, Eric Maury, Denis Pons, Danièle Maubon, Droits International, Comparé et Européen/ Institut Louis Favoreu - Groupe d 'études et de recherches sur la justice constitutionnelle [DICE - UMR 7318] (DICE / ILF-GERJC), Droits International, Comparé et Européen (DICE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Aix-en-Provence, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble, Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Groupe d'Acoustique de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GAUS), Département de génie mécanique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des Soins Intensifs [CHU Saint-Antoine], Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hopital Saint Louis Paris, CHU Saint Louis [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Département de génie mécanique [Sherbrooke], Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Centre orthopédique médicochirurgical, Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], CHU, Dauphine Recherches en Management ( DRM ), Université Paris-Dauphine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Relations Hôte-Environnement ( RHEM ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest ), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU Reims ), service de parasitologie mycologie CHU Jean Minjoz BESANCON, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), CHU Caen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires ( ICBMS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Gabriel Montpied ( CHU ), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Relations Hôte-Environnement (RHEM), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), UL, SIMPA, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Pneumocystis carinii, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, immunosuppressive disorder, Pneumocystis jirovecii, 0303 health sciences, biology, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, HIV/AIDS, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, France, prophylaxis, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, mechanical ventilation, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, respiratory infections, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Intensive care, Internal medicine, Immune suppression, medicine, Humans, cancer, pneumonia, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, Mortality, Intensive care medicine, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Mechanical ventilation, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Transplantation, Pneumonia, fungi, business, transplantation
Abstract: Immunosuppressed patients without AIDS had longer time to treatment and a higher rate of death than did patients with AIDS., Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients without AIDS is increasingly common. We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with proven PCP; of 544 patients, 223 (41%) had AIDS (AIDS patients) and 321 (59%) had other immunosuppressive disorders (non-AIDS patients). Fewer AIDS than non-AIDS patients required intensive care or ventilation, and the rate of hospital deaths—17.4% overall—was significantly lower for AIDS versus non-AIDS patients (4% vs. 27%; p
Published: 2014
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17. Freezing and storage at -20 °C provides adequate preservation of Toxoplasma gondii DNA for retrospective molecular analysis

Author: Hervé Pelloux, Feriel Touafek, Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Laurence Delhaes, Frédéric Dalle, Sophie Cassaing, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Hélène Yera, Denis Filisetti, Yvon Sterkers, Patrick Bastien, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre National de référence de la Toxoplasmose (CNRT), Vaccination Antiparasitaire : Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Specimen Handling, Toxoplasma gondii DNA, chemistry.chemical_compound, parasitic diseases, Freezing, medicine, Retrospective Studies, toxoplasma gondii, DNA storage, Toxoplasma gondii, amniotic fluid, General Medicine, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, Dna storage, Molecular analysis, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, congenital toxoplasmosis, Nucleic acid, MESH: DNA, Protozoan/isolation&purification; Freezing, Molecular Diagnostic Technics/methods, Specimen Handling/methods, Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis, real-Time PCR, Toxoplasma, DNA
Abstract: Equipe EA MERS; International audience; Nucleic acid-based testing has become crucial for toxoplasmosis diagnosis. For retrospective (forensic or scientific) studies, optimal methods must be employed for DNA long-term storage. We compared Toxoplasma gondii detection before and after DNA storage using real-time PCR. No significant differences were found depending on duration or storage conditions at -20 °C or -80 °C.
Published: 2014
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18. A one-step multiplex PCR for acanthamoeba keratitis diagnosis and quality samples control

Author: Danièle Maubon, Hervé Pelloux, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, O. Savy, Hélène Yera, Christophe Chiquet, Muriel Dubosson, Muriel Cornet, E. Renard, Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de la Toxoplasmose, Institut de Puériculture de Paris, TheREx, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, and CHU Grenoble
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Acanthamoeba Keratitis, MESH: DNA, Protozoan, Acanthamoeba, Infectious Keratitis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Keratitis, Cornea, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, medicine, MESH: Acanthamoeba, Humans, Multiplex, Prospective Studies, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Cells, Cultured, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Cornea, Gold standard (test), DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, DNA extraction, eye diseases, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, 3. Good health, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Acanthamoeba Keratitis, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, business, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Cells, Cultured
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: As the number of cases of Acanthamoeba spp. keratitis (AK) is constantly growing, new diagnostic tools are needed to confirm and guide ophthalmologists in this clinically problematic diagnosis. Molecular diagnosis is particularly well adapted, although only a few real-time PCR techniques have been described recently. The aim of this study was to develop a new PCR technique for the diagnosis of AK by combining the detection of Acanthamoeba DNA with human DNA, thus allowing an accurate interpretation of the PCR result. METHODS: Different DNA extraction procedures were compared to ensure an optimized amplification of one Acanthamoeba genome. The analytical parameters of this new multiplex Acanthamoeba beta-globin PCR (MAB-PCR) were evaluated. Fourteen eye drops were tested as potential PCR inhibitors. A prospective series of 28 corneal scrapings was subjected to MAB-PCR. RESULTS: The best extraction procedure associated thermal-shock pretreatment followed by a manual extraction procedure. The MAB-PCR parameters displayed excellent specificity and sensitivity, with a detection of 0.02 genome of Acanthamoeba. No eye drops were total PCR inhibitors. Of 28 corneal scrapings, 18 were considered true negatives. Seven could not be interpreted because of insufficient scraping material. Three were considered true positives: every patient progressed favorably on specific and reliable treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The MAB-PCR is a new tool to diagnose AK. It allows rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment of this probably underestimated etiology of infectious keratitis. This optimized real-time PCR outperforms the gold standard for Acanthamoeba keratitis diagnosis and it allows a concomitant evaluation of the quality of the corneal scraping, which is necessary for a precise interpretation of the results.
Published: 2012
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19. Role of regulatory T cells in a new mouse model of experimental autoimmune myositis

Author: Yves Allenbach, Benoît L. Salomon, Odile Dubourg, S. Solly, Serge Herson, Lucile Musset, Olivier Benveniste, Sylvie Grégoire, David Klatzmann, Gillian Butler-Browne, Facultat de Química (DEPARTAMENT DE QUíMICA ORGàNICA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Laboratoire de Biologie et Thérapeutique des Pathologies Immunitaires (CNRS UMR 7087), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de cardiologie et maladies vasculaires, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré, UMR S 787, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), EA 209 - Transports membranaires et chimiorésistances (LABORATOIRE DE PARASITOLOGIE-MYCOLOGIE), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de biothérapies [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Facultat de Química ( DEPARTAMENT DE QUíMICA ORGàNICA ), Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ), Laboratoire de Biologie et Thérapeutique des Pathologies Immunitaires ( CNRS UMR 7087 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), EA 209 - Transports membranaires et chimiorésistances ( LABORATOIRE DE PARASITOLOGIE-MYCOLOGIE ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de cardiologie et maladies vasculaires [CHU Ambroise Paré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Departement Hospitalo- Universitaire - Inflammation, Immunopathologie, Biothérapie [Paris] (DHU - I2B), Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Biologie et thérapeutique des pathologies immunitaires (BTPI), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH: Inflammation, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH : Immunohistochemistry, MESH: Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, medicine.disease_cause, Polymyositis, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Autoimmunity, Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental, MESH : T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Autoimmune Diseases, MESH : Female, MESH: Animals, IL-2 receptor, MESH : Muscle, Skeletal, Myositis, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH: Muscle, Skeletal, B-Lymphocytes, Mice, Inbred BALB C, MESH: Muscle Strength, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH : Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, Immunohistochemistry, 3. Good health, MESH : CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, MESH: Immunization, Female, medicine.symptom, MESH : Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental, Population, MESH: Mice, Inbred BALB C, Inflammation, [ SDV.IMM.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, MESH : Myosins, Muscle disorder, Biology, Myosins, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, MESH : B-Lymphocytes, Autoimmune Diseases, MESH: Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Autoimmune Diseases, MESH: B-Lymphocytes, MESH : Mice, medicine, Animals, Muscle Strength, education, Muscle, Skeletal, MESH: Mice, MESH : Mice, Inbred BALB C, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Inflammation, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, MESH: Immunohistochemistry, MESH : Immunization, [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, MESH: Myosins, medicine.disease, MESH : Muscle Strength, Immunology, Immunization, MESH : Animals, MESH: Female, CD8, 030215 immunology, Regular Articles
Abstract: International audience; Polymyositis is a rare and severe inflammatory muscle disorder. Treatments are partially efficacious but have many side effects. New therapeutic approaches must be first tested in a relevant animal model. Regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells (Tregs) have been rediscovered as a pivotal cell population in the control of autoimmunity, but the connection between polymyositis and Tregs is currently unknown. To develop a reproducible experimental autoimmune myositis model of polymyositis, mice were immunized once a week for 3 weeks with 1 mg of partially purified myosin emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. All mice injected with myosin and complete Freund's adjuvant developed myositis. The infiltrates were composed of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, as well as macrophages, but did not contain B lymphocytes. In mice that were depleted of Tregs, the myositis was more severe, as determined by quantitative scoring of muscle inflammation (2.36 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.64 +/- 0.8, P = 0.019). In contrast, injection of in vitro expanded polyclonal Tregs at the time of immunization significantly improved the disease (quantitative score of inflammation 0.87 +/- 1.06 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.67, P = 0.047). Transfer of sensitized or CD4(+)-sorted cells from the lymph nodes of experimental autoimmune myositis mice induced myositis in naïve, irradiated, recipient mice. Thus, experimental autoimmune myositis is a reproducible, transferable disease in mice, both aggravated by Treg depletion and improved by polyclonal Treg injection.
Published: 2009
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20. Prevention of toxoplasmosis in transplant patients

Author: F, Derouin, H, Pelloux, L, Kortbeek, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Myocarditis, Opportunistic infection, Population, Toxoplasma gondii, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Pneumonitis, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Transplantation, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Prevention, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Toxoplasmosis, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, surgical procedures, operative, Immunology, business, Encephalitis
Abstract: Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Dec Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection that affects haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Its incidence in these patients is closely related to the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the general population, which is high in Europe. In SOT recipients, toxoplasmosis results mainly from transmission of the parasite with the transplanted organ from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasma-seronegative recipient. This risk is high in cases of transplantation of organs that are recognized sites of encystation of the parasite, e.g. the heart, and is markedly lower in other SOT recipients. Clinical symptoms usually occur within the first 3 months after transplantation, sometimes as early as 2 weeks post transplant, and involve febrile myocarditis, encephalitis or pneumonitis. In HSCT recipients, the major risk of toxoplasmosis results from the reactivation of a pre-transplant latent infection in seropositive recipients. The median point of disease onset is estimated at 2 months post transplant, with
Published: 2008
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21. Population structure of Tunisian Leishmania infantum and evidence for the existence of hybrids and gene flow between genetically different populations

Author: Gabriele Schönian, Mohamed Zribi, Najoua Haouas, Karim Aoun, Sonja A. Schmidt, Najla Chargui, Patrick Bastien, Ahmad Amro, Emna Chaker, Michèle Lefebvre, Hamouda Babba, Christophe Ravel, Katrin Kuhls, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Medicale et Moleculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Al-Quds University, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Le laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital La Rabta [Tunis], Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre d'Hygiène de Sfax, Najla Chargui was supported by a grant from the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: Population genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hybrids, Gene flow, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Canine leishmaniasis, Leishmania infantum, Child, Leishmaniasis, Phylogeny, Genetics, Recombination, Genetic, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Middle Aged, Isoenzymes, Infectious Diseases, Molecular epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Microsatellite, Adult, Electrophoresis, Gene Flow, Tunisia, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Dogs, medicine, Animals, Humans, education, Microsatellites, 030304 developmental biology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Chimera, Infant, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Recombination, Genetics, Population, Parasitology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Twenty-seven strains of Leishmania infantum from north and central Tunisia belonging to the three main MON zymodemes (the MON-typing system is based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) of 15 enzymes) found in this country (MON-1, MON-24 and MON-80) and representing different pathologies (visceral, cutaneous and canine leishmaniasis) have been studied to understand the genetic polymorphism within this species. Intraspecific variation could be detected in L. infantum by the use of 14 hypervariable microsatellite markers. In addition to microsatellite repeat length variation, a high degree of allelic heterozygosity has been observed among the strains investigated, suggestive of sexual recombination within L. infantum groups. The two major clusters found by using Bayesian statistics as well as distance analysis are consistent with the classification based on isoenzymes, dividing Tunisian L infantum into MON-1 and MON-24/MON-80. Moreover, the existence of hybrid strains between the MON-1 and the non-MON-1 populations has been shown and verified by analysis of clones of one of these strains. Substructure analysis discriminated four groups of L. infantum. The major MON-1 cluster split into two groups, one comprising only Tunisian strains and the second both Tunisian and European strains. The major MON-24 cluster was subdivided into two groups with geographical and clinical feature correlations: a dermotropic group of strains mainly from the north, and a viscerotropic group of strains from the centre of Tunisia. The four viscerotropic hybrid strains all originated from central Tunisia and were typed by MLEE as MON-24 or MON-80. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing relationships between clinical picture and population substructure of L. infantum MON-24 based on genotype data, as well as the existence of hybrids between zymodemes MON-1 and MON-24/MON-80, and proving one of these hybrid strains by molecular analysis of the parent strain and its clones. (C) 2009 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2008
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22. Segregation of a totally skewed pattern of X chromosome inactivation in four familial cases of Rett syndrome without MECP2 mutation: implications for the disease

Author: Jamel Chelly, Fengqing Xiang, Charles E. Schwartz, Zhiping Zhang, Marc Tardieu, Arlette Kpebe, Laurent Villard, Véronique Labelle, Christophe Chevillard, Michel Fontes, Maria Anvret, Nicolas Lévy, Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Molecular Medicine [Stockholm, Sweden], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [AP-HM Hôpital de la Timone] (Faculté de Médecine), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Immunologie et Génétique des Maladies Parasitaires [Aix Marseille Université] (IGMP - U399 Inserm - AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Molecular Sciences [Södertälje, Sweden], AstraZeneca R&D [Södertälje, Sweden], Greenwood Genetic Center [Greenwood, South Carolina, USA], Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique [CHU Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Régulation de la réponse immune, infection VIH-1 et autoimmunité, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique et pathologie moléculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), and Spinelli, Lionel
Subjects: Male, X Chromosome, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2, DNA Mutational Analysis, Rett syndrome, Locus (genetics), Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, X-inactivation, MECP2, Nuclear Family, 03 medical and health sciences, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Chromosome Segregation, Dosage Compensation, Genetic, Genetics, medicine, Rett Syndrome, Humans, Genetic Testing, RNA, Messenger, Skewed X-inactivation, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Genetics (clinical), X chromosome, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Polymorphism, Genetic, Models, Genetic, Haplotype, RNA-Binding Proteins, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Pedigree, DNA-Binding Proteins, Repressor Proteins, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Haplotypes, Receptors, Androgen, Mutation, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BACKGROUND—Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting only girls; 99.5% of Rett syndrome cases are sporadic, although several familial cases have been reported. Mutations in the MECP2 gene were identified in approximately 70-80% of sporadic Rett syndrome cases. METHODS—We have screened the MECP2 gene coding region for mutations in five familial cases of Rett syndrome and studied the patterns of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in each girl. RESULTS—We found a mutation in MECP2 in only one family. In the four families without mutation in MECP2, we found that (1) all mothers exhibit a totally skewed pattern of XCI; (2) six out of eight affected girls also have a totally skewed pattern of XCI; and (3) it is the paternally inherited X chromosome which is active in the patients with a skewed pattern of XCI. Given that the skewing of XCI is inherited in our families, we genotyped the whole X chromosome using 32 polymorphic markers and we show that a locus potentially responsible for the skewed XCI in these families could be located on the short arm of the X chromosome. CONCLUSION—These data led us to propose a model for familial Rett syndrome transmission in which two traits are inherited, an X linked locus abnormally escaping X chromosome inactivation and the presence of a skewed XCI in carrier women. Keywords: Rett syndrome; skewed X chromosome inactivation; X chromosome; MECP2
Published: 2001
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23. Highly Conserved gsc1 Gene of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Patients with or without Prior Exposure to Echinocandins

Author: Patrice Le Pape, Fouleymata Diabira, Solène Le Gal, Nicolas Papon, Guillaume Curral, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Steven Negri, Jean-François Huon, Florent Morio, Athéna de Quélen, Virginie Cogulet, Matthieu Grégoire, Claire V Hoffmann, Pierre L Bonnet, Gilles Nevez, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: Pharmacology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Haplotype, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, biology.organism_classification, Pneumocystis pneumonia, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, parasitic diseases, medicine, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Pharmacology (medical), Allele, Synonymous substitution, Echinocandins, Gene, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Echinocandins are noncompetitive inhibitors of the GSC1 subunit of the enzymatic complex involved in synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, a cell wall component of most fungi, including Pneumocystis spp. Echinocandins are widely used for treating systemic candidiasis and rarely used for treating Pneumocystis pneumonia. Consequently, data on P. jirovecii gsc1 gene diversity are still scarce, compared to the homologous fks1 gene of Candida spp. In this study, we analyzed P. jirovecii gsc1 gene diversity and the putative selection pressure of echinocandins on P. jirovecii. Gsc1 gene sequences of P. jirovecii specimens from two patient groups were compared. One group of 27 patients had prior exposure to echinocandins whereas the second group of 24 patients did not, at the time of P. jirovecii infection diagnoses. Two portions of P. jirovecii gsc1 gene, HS1 and HS2, homologous to hot spots described in Candida spp., were sequenced. Three SNPs at positions 2204, 2243, and 2303 close to the HS1 region and another SNP at position 4540 more distant from the HS2 region were identified. These SNPs represent synonymous mutations. Three gsc1 HS1 alleles, A, B, and C, and two gsc1 HS2 alleles, a and b, and four haplotypes, Ca, Cb, Aa, and Ba, were defined, without significant difference in haplotype distribution in both patient groups ( p = 0.57). Considering the identical diversity of P. jirovecii gsc1 gene and the detection of synonymous mutations in both patient groups, no selection pressure of echinocandins among P. jirovecii microorganisms can be pointed out so far.
Published: 2022
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24. Editorial: Fungal Respiratory Infections in Cystic Fibrosis

Author: Nicolas Papon, Andrew Mark Borman, Wieland Meyer, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, yeasts, Cystic fibrosis, Microbiology, cystic fibrosis, 03 medical and health sciences, molds, Epidemiology, medicine, diagnostics, infections, Respiratory system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, medicine.disease, QR1-502, Infectious Diseases, epidemiology, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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25. Selection of Pneumocystis jirovecii Inosine 5′-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Mutants in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Implication of Mycophenolic Acid

Author: Nicolas Papon, Gilles Nevez, Dorothée Quinio, Marie-Christine Moal, Claire V Hoffmann, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Yannick Le Meur, Nathan Le Nan, Solène Le Gal, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, selection, Plant Science, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Mycophenolic acid, Article, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Microbiology, IMPDH, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase, Biology (General), education, Inosine, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, 030306 microbiology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Transplantation, biology.protein, mycophenolic acid, medicine.drug, transplantation
Abstract: Mycophenolic acid (MPA) targets the inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) of human lymphocytes. It is widely used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients who, incidentally, are at risk for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). We hypothesized that MPA exerts selective pressure on P. jirovecii microorganisms considering its in vitro antifungal activity on other fungi. Thus, we analysed impdh gene in P. jirovecii isolates from SOT recipients. P. jirovecii specimens from 26 patients diagnosed with PCP from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively examined: 10 SOT recipients treated with MPA and 16 non-SOT patients without prior exposure to MPA. The P. jirovecii impdh gene was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequences were aligned with the reference sequences retrieved from available P. jirovecii whole genomes. The deduced IMPDH protein sequences were aligned with available IMPDH proteins from Pneumocystis spp. and other fungal species known to be in vitro sensitive or resistant to MPA. A total of nine SNPs was identified. One SNP (G1020A) that results in an Ala261Thr substitution was identified in all SOT recipients and in none of the non-SOT patients. Considering that IMPDHs of other fungi, resistant to MPA, harbour Thr (or Ser) at the analogous position, the Ala261Thr mutation observed in MPA-treated patients was considered to represent the signature of P. jirovecii exposure to MPA. These results suggest that MPA may be involved in the selection of specific P. jirovecii strains that circulate in the SOT recipient population.
Published: 2021
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26. Serological biomarkers for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscessus infections in cystic fibrosis patients

Author: Jean-Louis Herrmann, Jean-Louis Gaillard, Anne-Laure Roux, Gaëtan Christien, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Hélène Mahoudo, Agnès Ferroni, Gerard Lina, Oana Dumitrescu, Vincent Le Moigne, Patrick Plésiat, Stéphane Canaan, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Infection et inflammation (2I), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires (LISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Hôpital Morvan - CHRU de Brest (CHU - BREST ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de microbiologie, APHP Raymond Poincaré, This work was supported by grants from the Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose (RF20110600446/1/3/130)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous, Mycobacterium abscessus, Cystic fibrosis, Gastroenterology, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Internal medicine, Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pathogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Serodiagnosis, biology, business.industry, Antibody titer, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Mycobacterium abscessus Infections, 030228 respiratory system, Serological biomarkers, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, ELISA, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Background: Culture conditions sometimes make it difficult to detect non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), particularly Mycobacterium abscessus, an emerging cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogen. The diagnosis of NTM positive cases not detected by classical culture methods might benefit from the development of a serological assay.Methods: As part of a diagnostic accuracy study, a total of 173 sera CF-patients, including 33 patients with M. abscessus positive cultures, and 31 non-CF healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. Four M. abscessus antigens were used separately, comprising two surface extracts (Interphase (INP) and a TLR2 positive extract (TLR2eF)) and two recombinant proteins (rMAB_2545c and rMAB_0555 also known as the phospholipase C (rPLC)).Results: TLR2eF and rPLC were the most efficient antigens to discriminate NTM-culture positive CF-patients from NTM-culture negative CF-patients. The best clinical values were obtained for the detection of M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients; with sensitivities for the TLR2eF and rPLC of 81.2% (95% CI:65.7-92.3%) and 87.9% (95% CI:71.9-95.6%) respectively, and specificities of 88.9% (95% CI:85.3-94.8%) and 84.8% (95% CI:80.6-91.5%) respectively. When considering as positive all sera, giving a positive response in at least one of the two tests, and, as negative, all sera negative for both tests, we obtained a sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 80.7% for the detection of M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients.Conclusion: High antibody titers against TLR2eF and rPLC were obtained in M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients, allowing us to consider these serological markers as potential tools in the detection of CF-patients infected with M. abscessus.
Published: 2021
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27. High airborne level of Aspergillus fumigatus and presence of azole-resistant TR34/L98H isolates in the home of a cystic fibrosis patient harbouring chronic colonisation with azole-resistant H285Y A. fumigatus

Author: E. Hecquet, Emilie Fréalle, A. Prévotat, A. Deschildre, M. Paluch, S. Lejeune, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Pneumologie et allergologie pédiatriques [CHU Jeanne de Flandre, Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Centre de Recherche en Chimie Moléculaire (CRCM), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, A fumigatus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillosis, Cystic fibrosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, business.industry, Environmental exposure, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Colonisation, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Azole, ARAF, business
Abstract: Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) has been reported in the domestic environment of patients at risk for aspergillosis. Here, we assessed the mother's and father's homes of an 18-year-old cystic fibrosis patient harbouring chronic colonisation with H285Y CYP51A azole-resistant isolate, in order to explore the link between environmental exposure and ARAF infection. In one dwelling, a very high overall contamination level was found (710–7.240 CFU/m3), with a predominance of A. fumigatus (640–6.490 CFU/m3), and ARAF showing the TR34/L98H mutation was isolated. Mycological follow-up of the patient showed the persistence of H285Y isolates, but no acquisition of TR34/L98H isolates was observed. This could be due to the low proportion of TR34/L98H isolates (
Published: 2019
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28. Emerging Fungal Threats in Cystic Fibrosis

Author: Carsten Schwarz, J P Bouchara, P Eschenhagen, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, Research groups, Cystic Fibrosis, Veterinary (miscellaneous), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Azole resistance, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Cystic fibrosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Epidemiology, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, In patient, Intensive care medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fungi, medicine.disease, Pathogenicity, Fungal disease, 030228 respiratory system, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: In the past three decades, fungal respiratory colonization and fungal respiratory infections increasingly raised concern in cystic fibrosis (CF). Reasons for this are a better knowledge of the pathogenicity of fungi, whereby detection is sought in more and more CF centers, but also improvement of detection methods. However, differences in fungal detection rates within and between geographical regions exist and indicate the need for standardization of mycological examination of respiratory secretions. The still existing lack of standardization also complicates the assessment of fungal pathogenicity, relevance of fungal detection and risk factors for fungal infections. Nevertheless, numerous studies have now been conducted on differences in detection methods, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenicity and therapy of fungal diseases in CF. Meanwhile, some research groups now have classified fungal disease entities in CF and developed diagnostic criteria as well as therapeutic guidelines.The following review presents an overview on fungal species relevant in CF. Cultural detection methods with their respective success rates as well as susceptibility testing will be presented, and the problem of increasing azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus will be highlighted. Next, current data and conflicting evidence on the epidemiology and risk factors for fungal diseases in patients with CF will be discussed. Finally, an overview of fungal disease entities in CF with their current definitions, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options will be presented.
Published: 2021
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29. Case Report: Leishmania and HIV Co-Diagnosis: How to Understand Medical History?

Author: Arthur Dujardin, Arnaud de La Blanchardière, Julia Dina, Karl Stefic, Christophe Ravel, Julie Bonhomme, Renaud Verdon, Anna Lucie Fournier, Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de bactériologie-virologie [Tours], Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Case Report, Serology, pancytopenia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, visceral leishmaniasis, Medical history, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, bone marrow aspirate, business.industry, HIV, RC581-607, medicine.disease, Pancytopenia, 3. Good health, Visceral leishmaniasis, medicine.anatomical_structure, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Chills, Bone marrow, medicine.symptom, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, Viral load
Abstract: We report a case of a severe visceral leishmaniasis revealing an HIV-1 infection presenting as an acute primary infection. A young French man living in Paris with history of unprotected sex with a recent male partner and recent travel in Greece was admitted in our Infectious Diseases Department, presenting with acute febrile psychotic disorder, and positive HIV-1 serology with high viral load, very low CD4+ T-cells count and a western blot pattern suggesting an acute infection. The psychotic disorder was finally related to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis diagnosed on bone marrow aspiration, supposedly secondary to HIV acute primary infection. The progressive worsening of pancytopenia despite antiretroviral treatment and the persistence of fever, chills and sweat led to the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis through bone marrow biopsy and leishmanial serology. He was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B with quick improvement. We discuss the way HIV infection and visceral leishmaniasis may have interact to lead to the clinical presentation of our patient.
Published: 2021
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30. Improving and standardizing protocols for cystic fibrosis routine microbiology

Author: Nicolas Papon, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Cystic Fibrosis, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, medicine.disease, Cystic fibrosis, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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31. Different repartition of the cryptic species of black aspergilli according to the anatomical sites in human infections, in a French University hospital

Author: Sophie Touratier, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Maud Gits-Muselli, Samia Hamane, Louise Bondeelle, Stéphane Bretagne, Blandine Denis, Elisa Cherpin, Benjamin Verillaud, Alexandre Alanio, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Otorhinolaryngologie, Hôpital Lariboisière Saint-Louis Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Maladies infectieuses, Hopital Lariboisière Saint-Louis Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pharmacie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), The authors thank all the clinicians who cared for the patients and all the laboratory staff and more specifically Cécile Gautier for technical assistance regarding culture of strains and MIC determinations. We are also indebted to Françoise Dromer for her helpful comments to the manuscript., AUGUSTE, Christèle, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Species complex, Veterinary medicine, otomycosis, Otomycosis, Aspergillosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Aspergillus welwitschiae, medicine, Animals, Humans, Ear canal, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Aspergillus, invasive aspergillosis, biology, 030306 microbiology, Aspergillus niger, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus vadensis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Aspergillus tubingensis, Black aspergilli
Abstract: Black aspergilli of the section Nigri are rarely differentiated at the species level when originating from human specimens. We wondered whether some cryptic species could be more frequently observed in some clinical entities. We analyzed the 198 black isolates consecutively collected from the external ear canal (EEC; n = 66), respiratory specimens (n = 99), and environment (n = 33). DNA was extracted and species identification was performed upon the partial calmodulin gene. We identified by decreasing frequency: Aspergillus welwitschiae (35.3%), Aspergillus tubingensis (34.3%), Aspergillus niger (17.2%), Aspergillus luchuensis (4%), Aspergillus aff. welwitschiae (3%), Aspergillus neoniger (2%), Aspergillus piperis (1.5%), Aspergillus japonicus (1.0%), Aspergillus vadensis (0.5%), and two Aspergillus tubingensis clade (1%). The distribution of the three main cryptic species was different between EEC and respiratory samples (P Lay summary We analyzed 198 black aspergilli isolates collected from different samples type to determine their species identification. We observe a different distribution of species between ear canal and respiratory samples (P
Published: 2021
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32. Impact of pre-analytic step duration on molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis for five types of biological samples

Author: Hervé Pelloux, Juliette Guitard, Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Patrick Bastien, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Yvon Sterkers, Hélène Yera, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Denis Filisetti, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), EHESP-Irset (EHESP-Irset), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale (IPPTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), French Ministry of Health, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Time Factors, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Buffy coat, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nervous System, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, law.invention, Toxoplasma Gondii, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Medical Conditions, law, Specimen Storage, Medicine and Health Sciences, DNA extraction, Polymerase chain reaction, Whole blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Protozoans, Multidisciplinary, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Eukaryota, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood, Medicine, Female, Anatomy, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Research Article, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Preservation, Biological, Research and Analysis Methods, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Specimen Handling, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Extraction techniques, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, Protozoan Infections, Organisms, Toxoplasma gondii, Biology and Life Sciences, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Parasitic Protozoans, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Storage and Handling
Abstract: IntroductionToxoplasma-PCR is essential to diagnose ocular, cerebral, disseminated and congenital toxoplasmosis. This multicenter study evaluated the impact of sample storage duration at +4°C on PCR assay performances in order to propose guidelines for the storage of samples during shipment or/and before PCR.Materials and methodsFive matrices, amniotic (AF), cerebrospinal (CSF), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), whole blood (WB) and buffy coat (BC), were artificially spiked with different amounts ofToxoplasma gondii(20, 100, 500 tachyzoites per mL of sample) or with previously infected THP1 cells. DNA extractions were performed at day 0 and after 2, 4 and 7 days of storage at +4°C. Each extract was amplified at least twice by real-time PCR.ResultsA total of 252 spiked samples was studied. No increase of crossing point was observed and all samples were positive for AF, BALF, BC and infected THP1-spiked WB after up to 7 days at 4°C. For CSF spiked with 20 parasites/mL, only 50% of PCR reactions were positive at D7 (pConclusionThe storage of clinical samples at +4°C is compatible with the molecular detection ofT.gondiiparasites. Provided that PCR assays are performed in duplicate, storage of samples is possible up to 7 days. However, from the fifth day onwards, and for samples susceptible to contain low parasitic loads, we recommend to perform the PCR in multiplicate.
Published: 2021
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33. Validation of Swab Sampling and SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in French Guiana

Author: D. Blanchet, Marine Ginouves, P. Couppié, Ghislaine Prévot, M. Demar, Cécile Nabet, Romain Blaizot, Christophe Ravel, Stéphane Simon, Département de dermatologie [CH andré-Rosemont, Cayenne], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Biome Tropical et Immuno-Pathophysiologie = Tropical Biome and ImmunoPhysiopathology [Lille] (TBIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses - Laboratoire Associé de Cayenne = National Reference Centre for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (associate laboratory) [Cayenne], Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), This work did not receive any specific funding but received routine funding from the National Reference Centre for Leishmaniasis., Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, cutaneous leishmaniasis, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, law, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sanger sequencing, biology, business.industry, Sampling (statistics), Diagnostic test, DNA, Protozoan, South America, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, Virology, French Guiana, 3. Good health, neglected tropical disease, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, diagnostic test, symbols, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Parasitology, Cotton swab, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, business, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the interest in noninvasive sampling procedures coupled with real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania species in South America. In French Guiana, the sampling method still relied on skin biopsies. Noninvasive protocols should be tested on a large annual cohort to improve routine laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a new Leishmania detection and species identification protocol involving cotton swabs and SYBR green-based real-time PCR of the Hsp70 gene, coupled with Sanger sequencing., Recent studies have highlighted the interest in noninvasive sampling procedures coupled with real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania species in South America. In French Guiana, the sampling method still relied on skin biopsies. Noninvasive protocols should be tested on a large annual cohort to improve routine laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a new Leishmania detection and species identification protocol involving cotton swabs and SYBR green-based real-time PCR of the Hsp70 gene, coupled with Sanger sequencing. Between May 2017 and May 2018, 145 patients with ulcerated lesions compatible with cutaneous leishmaniasis were included in the study at the Cayenne Hospital and its remote health centers. Each patient underwent scrapings for a smear, skin biopsies for parasite culture and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (RNA polymerase II), and sampling with a cotton swab for SYBR green-based PCR. The most accurate diagnostic test was the SYBR green-based PCR on swab samples, showing 98% sensitivity. The mean PCR cycle threshold (CT) was 24.4 (minimum CT, 17; maximum CT, 36) and was
Published: 2021
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34. MixInYeast: A Multicenter Study on Mixed Yeast Infections

Author: Julio García-Rodríguez, Lourdes Viñuela, Carole Cassagne, Juergen Prattes, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Stéphane Bretagne, Aleksandra Barac, Juan Carlos Soto-Debran, Patricia Muñoz, Işın Akyar, Tomasz Jagielski, Hamid Badali, Danila Seidel, Carmen Barroso Castro, Rocio Tejero, Ana Perez-Ayala Balzola, Giuliana Lo Cascio, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Sadegh Khodavaisy, María Carmen Martínez-Rubio, Maite Ruiz Pérez de Pipaón, Thanwa Wongsuk, Teresa Peláez, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Yasemin Cag, Raphael Stauf, Elżbieta Ochman, Jörg Steinmann, Joseph Meletiadis, Ana Isabel Suárez-Barrenechea, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Laura Trovato, Narda Medina, Celia Cardozo, Emmanuel Roilides, Juliette Guitard, Hossein Zarrinfar, Iwona Żak, Martin Hoenigl, Petr Hamal, Eric Dannaoui, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Istanbul Medeniyet University [Istanbul, Turquie] (IMU), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research [Chandigarh, India], Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Medical University of Graz, Department of Applied Microbiology [Warsaw], Institute of Microbiology [Warsaw], Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Acibadem University Dspace
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), polymicrobial infections, medicine.medical_specialty, Medizin, Plant Science, yeast, Article, Microbiology, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Amphotericin B, Biodefense, Epidemiology, Medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Candida albicans, Prospective cohort study, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Candida, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Prevention, Invasive candidiasis, invasive candidiasis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Yeast, Corpus albicans, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Multicenter study, lcsh:Biology (General), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Antimicrobial Resistance, business, Infection, chrome agar, medicine.drug, mix infections
Abstract: Invasive candidiasis remains one of the most prevalent systemic mycoses, and several studies have documented the presence of mixed yeast (MY) infections. Here, we describe the epidemiology, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of MY infections causing invasive candidiasis in a multicenter prospective study. Thirty-four centers from 14 countries participated. Samples were collected in each center between April to September 2018, and they were sent to a reference center to confirm identification by sequencing methods and to perform antifungal susceptibility testing, according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). A total of 6895 yeast cultures were identified and MY occurred in 150 cases (2.2%). Europe accounted for the highest number of centers, with an overall MY rate of 4.2% (118 out of 2840 yeast cultures). Of 122 MY cases, the most frequent combinations were Candida albicans/C. glabrata (42, 34.4%), C. albicans/C. parapsilosis (17, 14%), and C. glabrata/C. tropicalis (8, 6.5%). All Candida isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, 6.4% were fluconazole-resistant, and two isolates (1.6%) were echinocandin-resistant. Accurate identification of the species involved in MY infections is essential to guide treatment decisions. Funding: research grant and GileadSciences research grant. Sí
Published: 2021
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35. Disseminated Cryptosporidium infection in an infant with CD40L deficiency

Author: Fleur Dupuy, Coralie L'Ollivier, Frédéric Dalle, Arthur Sterin, Stéphane Valot, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), ANR-10-IAHU-0003,Méditerranée Infection,I.H.U. Méditerranée Infection(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cryptosporidium infection, 030106 microbiology, Cryptosporidium, Case Report, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, CD40, biology, business.industry, Nitazoxanide, Aplasia, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology.protein, Digestive tract, CD40L deficiency, business, Cryptosporidium hominis, After treatment, medicine.drug, Disseminated
Abstract: Graphical abstract, The protozoan Cryptosporidium affects the digestive tract of humans and animals. Cryptosporidiosis leads to diarrhoea mimicking a cholera-like course with dehydration and may even result in death in immunodeficient patients, as patients with hyper-IgM syndrome. We describe a rare case of disseminated Cryptosporidium infection in a seven- year-old boy with CD40 L deficiency. During the pre-graft phase, the patient presented an intestinal cryptosporidiosis which became complicated few days later during the aplasia period with a cholangitis and pulmonary cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium hominis was identified. After treatment with nitazoxanide and azithromycine the patient was doing well.
Published: 2021
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36. Late clinical failure associated with cytochrome b codon 268 mutation during treatment of falciparum malaria with atovaquone–proguanil in traveller returning from Congo

Author: Christelle Pomares, Bruno Pradines, Pierre-Yves Jeandel, Isabelle Fonta, Pierre Marty, Alicia Chevalier, Pascal Delaunay, Nicolas Benoit, Joel Mosnier, Laurencie Massamba, V. Mondain, Marylin Madamet, Rémy Amalvict, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, myalgia, Resistance, Drug Resistance, Case Report, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Malaria, Falciparum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Cytochromes b, Middle Aged, Artemisinins, 3. Good health, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Congo, Proguanil, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Quinolines, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Atovaquone, Anti-malarial drug, medicine.drug, Cycloguanil, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Plasmodium falciparum, Cytochrome b, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, In vitro, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Codon, business.industry, Phenanthrenes, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Atovaquone/proguanil, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Malaria, Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase, Parasitology, Mutation, business
Abstract: Background The drug combination atovaquone–proguanil, is recommended for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in France. Despite high efficacy, atovaquone–proguanil treatment failures have been reported. Resistance to cycloguanil, the active metabolite of proguanil, is conferred by multiple mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and resistance to atovaquone by single mutation on codon 268 of the cytochrome b gene (pfcytb). Case presentation A 47-year-old female, native from Congo and resident in France, was admitted in hospital for uncomplicated falciparum malaria with parasitaemia of 0.5%, after travelling in Congo (Brazzaville and Pointe Noire). She was treated with atovaquone–proguanil (250 mg/100 mg) 4 tablets daily for 3 consecutive days. On day 5 after admission she was released home. However, many weeks after this episode, without having left France, she again experienced fever and intense weakness. On day 39 after the beginning of treatment, she consulted for fever, arthralgia, myalgia, photophobia, and blurred vision. She was hospitalized for uncomplicated falciparum malaria with a parasitaemia of 0.375% and treated effectively by piperaquine–artenimol (320 mg/40 mg) 3 tablets daily for 3 consecutive days. Resistance to atovaquone–proguanil was suspected. The Y268C mutation was detected in all of the isolates tested (D39, D42, D47). The genotyping of the pfdhfr gene showed a triple mutation (N51I, C59R, S108N) involved in cycloguanil resistance. Conclusion This is the first observation of a late clinical failure of atovaquone–proguanil treatment of P. falciparum uncomplicated malaria associated with pfcytb 268 mutation in a traveller returning from Congo. These data confirm that the Y268C mutation is associated with delayed recrudescence 4 weeks or more after initial treatment. Although atovaquone–proguanil treatment failures remain rare, an increased surveillance is required. It is essential to declare and publish all well-documented cases of treatment failures because it is the only way to evaluate the level of resistance to atovaquone.
Published: 2020
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37. ELISA Test for the Serological Detection of Scedosporium/Lomentospora in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Author: Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Maialen Areitio, Fernando L. Hernando, Leire Martin-Souto, Andoni Ramirez-Garcia, Aitor Rementeria, Leire Aparicio-Fernandez, Idoia Buldain, Maria Teresa Martin-Gomez, Aitziber Antoran, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: respiratory-tract, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), diagnosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], mycological examination, prevalence, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, lcsh:QR1-502, Scedosporium boydii, Scedosporium-apiospermum, Microbiology, Cystic fibrosis, lcsh:Microbiology, Serology, cystic fibrosis, Scedosporium, 03 medical and health sciences, Health problems, medicine, Lomentospora, sputum samples, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, standardization, serodiagnosis, business.industry, Pseudallescheria-boydii, medicine.disease, infection, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Elisa test, human fungal pathogen, business, Protein concentration
Abstract: The detection and diagnosis of the opportunistic fungi Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans still relies mainly on low-sensitive culture-based methods. This fact is especially worrying in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients in whom these fungal species are frequently isolated and may increase the risk of suffering from an infection or other health problems. Therefore, with the purpose of developing a serologic detection method for Scedosporium/Lomentospora, four different Scedosporium boydii protein extracts (whole cell protein extract, secretome, total cell surface and conidial surface associated proteins) were studied by ELISA to select the most useful for IgG detection in sera from CF patients. The four extracts were able to discriminate the Scedosporium/Lomentospora-infected from Aspergillus-infected and non-infected patients. However, the whole cell protein extract was the one selected, as it was the one with the highest output in terms of protein concentration per ml of fungal culture used, and its discriminatory capacity was the best. The ELISA test developed was then assayed with 212 sera from CF patients and it showed to be able to detect Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans with very high sensitivity and specificity, 86%–100% and 93%–99%, respectively, depending on the cut-off value chosen (four values were proposed A450nm= 0.5837, A450nm= 0.6042, A450nm= 0.6404, and A450nm= 0.7099). Thus, although more research is needed to reach a standardized method, this ELISA platform offers a rapid, low-cost and easy solution to detect these elusive fungi through minimally invasive sampling, allowing the monitoring of the humoral response to fungal presence.
Published: 2020
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38. Bed bug bites

Author: Pascal Delaunay, Philippe Parola, M. Benzaquen, Jean-Michel Berenger, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)
Subjects: Bedbugs, 030231 tropical medicine, Dermatology, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bed bug, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Animals, Humans, Medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Insecticide resistance, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cimex lectularius, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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39. Deep cutaneous fungal infections in solid-organ transplant recipients

Author: L. Le Cleach, Emilie Ducroux, Sarah Guégan, Marie Thérèse Leccia, Ali Dadban, Camille Francès, Stéphane Barete, Alexandre Alanio, François Le Pelletier, Agnès Galezowski, Philippe Moguelet, Diane Lastennet, Céleste Lebbé, Julie Delyon, Service de Dermatologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Immunologie humaine, physiopathologie & immunothérapie (HIPI (UMR_S_976 / U976)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de dermatologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de Dermatologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Département de santé publique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Pathologie [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de dermatologie [CHU d'Amiens-Picardie], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de dermatologie et allergologie [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Supported by Skin and Organ Transplantation Group of the French Society of Dermatology (Groupe Peau et Greffe d'organe de la Société Française de Dermatologie)., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation in Therapeutics (EpiDermE), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Génétique et Génomique des Insectes Vecteurs, Département de Biostatistiques [Paris], Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences-Royal Free and University College London Medical School, and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Graft Rejection, Male, Antifungal Agents, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dermatologic Surgical Procedures, Phaeohyphomycoses, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, Skin, MESH: Dermatomycoses, solid-organ transplant recipients, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, Immunosuppression, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], deep cutaneous fungal infection, Phaeohyphomycosis, antifungal treatment, MESH: Young Adult, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, MESH: Immunosuppressive Agents, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, MESH: Phaeohyphomycosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH: Transplant Recipients, Hyphae, MESH: Graft Rejection, MESH: Organ Transplantation, Dermatology, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Skin, MESH: Hyphae, Internal medicine, medicine, Dermatomycoses, Humans, phaeohyphomycosis, MESH: Prevalence, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Dermatologic Surgical Procedures, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Organ Transplantation, medicine.disease, MESH: Antifungal Agents, Transplant Recipients, MESH: Male, Calcineurin, Observational study, Histopathology, Solid organ transplantation, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background Deep cutaneous fungal infections (DCFIs) are varied in immunosuppressed patients, with few data for such infections in solid-organ transplant recipients (s-OTRs). Objective To determine DCFI diagnostic characteristics and outcome with treatments in s-OTRs. Methods A 20-year retrospective observational study in France was conducted in 8 primary dermatology-dedicated centers for s-OTRs diagnosed with DCFIs. Relevant clinical data on transplants, fungal species, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Overall, 46 s-OTRs developed DCFIs (median delay, 13 months after transplant) with predominant phaeohyphomycoses (46%). Distribution of nodular lesions on limbs and granulomatous findings on histopathology were helpful diagnostic clues. Treatments received were systemic antifungal therapies (48%), systemic antifungal therapies combined with surgery (28%), surgery alone (15%), and modulation of immunosuppression (61%), leading to complete response in 63% of s-OTRs. Limitations Due to the retrospective observational design of the study. Conclusions Phaeohyphomycoses are the most common DCFIs in s-OTRs. Multidisciplinary teams are helpful for optimal diagnosis and management.
Published: 2020
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40. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae IgG and IgA antibodies are associated with systemic inflammation and advanced disease in hidradenitis suppurativa

Author: Hervé Bachelez, Florence Tubach, Asma Smahi, Pascal Richette, Florence Assan, Francis Derouin, François Aubin, Said Lebbah, Marine Madrange, Boualem Sendid, Emmanuel Delaporte, Stéphane Bretagne, Emilie Sbidian, E. Pape, Jeremy Gottlieb, Geoffroy Hickman, Nicolas Guigue, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Department of Dermatology (CHU Besançon), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biologie de l'Os et du Cartilage : Régulations et Ciblages Thérapeutiques (BIOSCAR (UMR_S_1132 / U1132)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de dermatologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Adult, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Systemic inflammation, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Advanced disease, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Antibodies, Fungal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Inflammation, 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Antibody, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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41. Answer to July 2020 Photo Quiz

Author: Estelle Cateau, Mélanie Catroux, Sophie Pasini, Hélène Yera, Marie-Hélène Rodier, Kévin Brunet, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Maladies Infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Poitiers], Service de Médecine Interne, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Chauzy, Alexia
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Photo Quiz, Biology, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, 5S ribosomal RNA, 0302 clinical medicine, Intergenic region, dirofilariasis, Dirofilariasis, parasitic diseases, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Internal transcribed spacer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Dirofilaria repens, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Parasitology
Abstract: Answer: Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens. The worm was submitted to the parasitology laboratory for identification. A diagnosis of probable dirofilariasis was considered and confirmed by positive PCR and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 and 5S rRNA intergenic regions (
Published: 2020
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42. Mucormycosis in intensive care unit: surgery is a major prognostic factor in patients with hematological malignancy

Author: Romaric Larcher, Damien Contou, Johanna Claustre, Jean-Michel Constantin, Laurent Argaud, Alexandre Lautrette, Juliette Pocquet, Yoann Zerbib, Rémi Coudroy, Pierre Lavagne, Jean-Christophe Navellou, Guillaume Voiriot, Pierre-Emmanuel Charles, Jean Dellamonica, Thomas Jouve, Michel Durand, Pierre Phelouzat, Muriel Cornet, Saad Nseir, Cédric Daubin, Julien Cadiet, Carole Schwebel, Anne-Sophie Truche, Nicolas Terzi, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Service de soins intensifs, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Réanimation Médicale, CHU Lille, Lille, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Unité de soins intensifs [Clermont Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Réanimation Médicale (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Soins Intensifs [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Médecine Intensive et Réanimation [Lyon], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Service de réanimation médicale et infectieuse, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Réanimation Médicale CHRU Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service de Réanimation Médicale [Grenoble], CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Médecine Intensive et Réanimation [Grenoble], CHU Grenoble, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie [U1064 Inserm - CRTI], CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] [CHU], Service de néphrologie, dialyse, aphérèses et transplantation, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] [CHRU Lille], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes [CHU Nantes], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand [CHU Dijon], Service de réanimation médicale [CHU Caen], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers [CHU Poitiers], CHU Nice [Cimiez], CIC CHU Lyon (inserm), Service de réanimation cardio-vasculaire et thoracique, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Prognostic factors, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hematological malignancy, law, Intensive care, Anesthesiology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Mucormycosis, Intensive care unit, 030212 general & internal medicine, Survival rate, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Research, Incidence (epidemiology), Surgery, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, lcsh:RC86-88.9, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, business
Abstract: Background Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection, with an increasing incidence especially in patients with hematological malignancies. Its prognosis is poor because of its high invasive power and its intrinsic low susceptibility to antifungal agents. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of mucormycosis in intensive care units (ICU) and evaluate the outcomes. We performed a retrospective multi-center study in 16 French ICUs between 2008 and 2017. We compared the patients who survived in ICU and the patients who did not to identify factors associated with ICU survival. Then, we focused on the subgroup of patients with hematological malignancies. Results Mucormycosis was diagnosed in 74 patients during the study period. Among them, 60 patients (81%) were immunocompromised: 41 had hematological malignancies, 9 were solid organ transplant recipients, 31 received long-term steroids, 11 had diabetes, 24 had malnutrition. Only 21 patients survived to ICU stay (28.4%) with a median survival of 22 days (Q1–Q3 = 9–106) and a survival rate at day 28 and day 90, respectively, of 35.1% and 26.4%. Survivors were significantly younger (p = 0.001), with less frequently hematological malignancies (p = 0.02), and less malnutrition (p = 0.05). Median survival in patients with hematological malignancies (n = 41) was 15 days (Q1–Q3 = 5–23.5 days). In this subgroup, curative surgery was a major factor associated with survival in multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 0.71, [0.45–0.97], p Conclusion Overall prognosis of mucormycosis in ICU remains poor, especially in patients with hematological malignancies. In this subgroup of patients, a therapeutic strategy including curative surgery was the main factor associated with survival.
Published: 2020
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43. Dormancy in Cryptococcus neoformans: 60 years of accumulating evidence

Author: Alexandre Alanio, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], No funding sources supported this work., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Viable but nonculturable, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Organism, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, Cryptococcus neoformans, 0303 health sciences, Virulence, biology, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), Review Series, Cryptococcosis, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Adaptation, Physiological, Yeast, Dormancy, Adaptation
Abstract: International audience; Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic yeast that is present worldwide and interacts with various organisms. In humans, it is responsible for cryptococcosis, a deadly invasive fungal infection that represents around 220,000 cases per year worldwide. Starting from the natural history of the disease in humans, there is accumulating evidence on the capacity of this organism to enter dormancy. In response to the harsh host environment, the yeast is able to adapt dramatically and escape the vigilance of the host's immune cells to survive. Indeed, the yeast exposed to the host takes on pleiotropic phenotypes, enabling the generation of populations in heterogeneous states, including dormancy, to eventually survive at low metabolic cost and revive in favorable conditions. The concept of dormancy has been validated in C. neoformans from both epidemiological and genotyping data, and more recently from the biological point of view with the characterization of dormancy through the description of viable but nonculturable cells.
Published: 2020
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44. Prevalence of putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Author: Bruno Mégarbane, Sarah Dellière, Stéphane Bretagne, Alexandre Alanio, Sofiane Fodil, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique [Hôpital Lariboisière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Paris (UP), and Alanio, Alexandre
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Pandemic, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Critically ill, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Virology, 3. Good health, Pneumonia, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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45. Evaluation of six commercial kits for the serological diagnosis of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis

Author: Coralie L'Ollivier, Emilie Battery, Laurence Lachaud, Karim Aoun, Pascal Delaunay, Badre Eddine Lmimouni, Judith Fillaux, Christelle Pomares, Patrick Bastien, Charles Mary, Maude F. Lévêque, Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules (LR11IPT06), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses (LL & PB) received financial support from Santé Publique France (ministry of Health)., We are grateful to Patricia Gasq, Patrick Lami, Marie-Line Loiry for technical assistance and Nicolas Molinari for help in conception of the study., Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), University of Mohammed V, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Kala-azar, Leishmania IgG, RC955-962, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zoonoses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Mass Screening, Enzyme assays, Enzyme-linked immunoassays, Leishmania infantum, Child, Leishmaniasis, Protozoans, Aged, 80 and over, Immunoassay, Leishmania, education.field_of_study, Serodiagnosis, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Mediterranean Region, Eukaryota, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Morocco, Infectious Diseases, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Female, France, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, Tunisia, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Research and Analysis Methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Diagnostic Medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Serologic Tests, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, education, Immunoassays, Aged, Protozoan Infections, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Serum samples, Tropical Diseases, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Parasitic Protozoans, 030104 developmental biology, Visceral leishmaniasis, Immunologic Techniques, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, business, Biochemical Analysis, Asymptomatic carrier
Abstract: Background Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in the Mediterranean basin. However, large-scale comparative analyses of the commercial kits for the serological diagnosis of this neglected disease are lacking. This study compared the performances of four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and two immunochromatographic tests (ICT) as screening tests for the serodiagnosis of human VL in the Mediterranean region. Methodology/Principal findings Serum samples from 319 patients living in France, Tunisia or Morocco were tested using two ICT (IT LEISH and TruQuick LEISH IgG/IgM Meridian) and four ELISA reagents (NovaLisa Leishmania infantum IgG, Bordier Leishmania infantum, Ridascreen Leishmania IgG, and Vircell Leishmania). The population with proven VL (n = 181) included 65 immunocompromised patients. Significantly higher percentages of false-negative results were obtained with all assays in immunocompromised patients, compared with the immunocompetent population. In the whole population, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 80.7% to 93.9% and from 95.7% to 100%, respectively. The maximum accuracy was observed with the Bordier and Vircell ELISA kits (96.2%), and the lowest accuracy with Ridascreen reagent (88.7%). New thresholds of positivity are proposed for the Bordier, Vircell and NovaLisa ELISA kits to achieve 95% sensitivity with the highest possible specificity. Western blot (WB), used as a confirmation method, showed 100% sensitivity and identified 10.1% of asymptomatic carriers among the control population from the South of France. Conclusions/Significance This is the first study that compared commercially available kits for VL serodiagnosis in the endemic region of the Mediterranean basin. It provides specific information about the tests’ performance to help clinicians and biologists to select the right assay for VL screening., Author summary Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease endemic in the Mediterranean region, caused by Leishmania infantum. Accurate VL diagnosis is critical for rapid and correct patient management. Various serological tests are used, including commercial kits that require qualifications with specific information about their performance. In this study, we compared the performance of six commercial kits, two immunochromatographic tests (ICT; IT LEISH and TruQuick LEISH IgG/IgM Meridian) and four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; NovaLisa Leishmania infantum IgG, Bordier Leishmania infantum, Ridascreen Leishmania IgG, and Vircell Leishmania), available in France and used as screening tests. The Bordier and Vircell ELISA reagents displayed the highest analytic performance compared with all the other kits. However, no test displayed 95% sensitivity at the thresholds recommended by the manufacturers. To reach this sensitivity value with the highest possible specificity, new thresholds are proposed for the Bordier, Vircell and NovaLisa ELISA reagents. Positive and negative results obtained with the six screening tests were confirmed by Western blot (100% sensitivity). Overall, this study presents a comparative analysis of commercially available kits for the serodiagnosis of human VL and provides additional information on the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in the Mediterranean basin.
Published: 2020
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46. Developing collaborative works for faster progress on fungal respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis

Author: Gilles Nevez, Joerg Steinmann, Laurence Delhaes, Ludovic Duvaux, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Wieland Meyer, Ludwig Sedlacek, Maxime Fleury, Nicolas Papon, Loïc Favennec, Patrick Vandeputte, Javier Pemán, Amandine Gastebois, Françoise Botterel, Jose A. Vazquez, Stéphane Ranque, Sharon C.-A. Chen, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Solène Le Gal, Craig Williams, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Carsten Schwarz, Françoise Symoens, Estrella Martin Mazuelos, Guillermo Quindós, Thomas Dugé de Bernonville, Josep Cano, Amparo Solé, Amandine Rougeron, Sandrine Giraud, María Teresa Martín-Gómez, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de Microbiologie, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Parasitologie et de Mycologie [Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Augusta University, University System of Georgia (USG), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology (CIDM), Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche - CHRU Brest (CHU - BREST ), APP1031943, National Health and Medical Research Council, 2010/IC1003, Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Parasite (GEIHP), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Microbiological Techniques, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, Cystic Fibrosis, biological diagnosis, 030106 microbiology, Medizin, Context (language use), Disease, Drug resistance, Cystic fibrosis, pathogenic mechanisms, cystic fibrosis, Scedosporium, 03 medical and health sciences, fungal respiratory infections, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal, medicine, Humans, Microbiome, Intensive care medicine, Respiratory Tract Infections, Genotyping, treatment, business.industry, Fungi, Genomics, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Mycoses, Scedosporium species, Identification (biology), business
Abstract: International audience; Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the major genetic inherited disease in Caucasian populations. The respiratory tract of CF patients displays a sticky viscous mucus, which allows for the entrapment of airborne bacteria and fungal spores and provides a suitable environment for growth of microorganisms, including numerous yeast and filamentous fungal species. As a consequence, respiratory infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this clinical context. Although bacteria remain the most common agents of these infections, fungal respiratory infections have emerged as an important cause of disease. Therefore, the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) has launched a working group on Fungal respiratory infections in Cystic Fibrosis (Fri-CF) in October 2006, which was subsequently approved by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM). Meetings of this working group, comprising both clinicians and mycologists involved in the follow-up of CF patients, as well as basic scientists interested in the fungal species involved, provided the opportunity to initiate collaborative works aimed to improve our knowledge on these infections to assist clinicians in patient management. The current review highlights the outcomes of some of these collaborative works in clinical surveillance, pathogenesis and treatment, giving special emphasis to standardization of culture procedures, improvement of species identification methods including the development of nonculture-based diagnostic methods, microbiome studies and identification of new biological markers, and the description of genotyping studies aiming to differentiate transient carriage and chronic colonization of the airways. The review also reports on the breakthrough in sequencing the genomes of the main Scedosporium species as basis for a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of these fungi, and discusses treatment options of infections caused by multidrug resistant microorganisms, such as Scedosporium and Lomentospora species and members of the Rasamsonia argillacea species complex.
Published: 2018
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47. Low use of artemisinin-based combination therapy for febrile children under five and barriers to correct fever management in Benin: a decade after WHO recommendation

Author: D. Abdoulaye Alfa, Franck Remoue, J.-Y. Le Hesran, Barikissou Georgia Damien, Aurore Ogouyemi-Hounto, B. Aguemon, D. Bocossa, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 261), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Male, Cross-sectional study, Children under five years, Rural Health, Health Services Accessibility, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, Benin, 030212 general & internal medicine, Under-five, Rural health, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Artemisinins, 3. Good health, Caregivers, Child, Preschool, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, ACT use, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Fever, 030231 tropical medicine, World Health Organization, Disease cluster, Antimalarials, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Care-seeking, business.industry, Public health, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, Malaria, Cross-Sectional Studies, Behaviour change communication, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Biostatistics, business
Abstract: Background Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), used to treat uncomplicated malaria cases, is one of the main strategies of malaria control and elimination. One of the main objectives of the Benin National Malaria Control Program’s (NMCP) strategic plan is to ensure that at least 80% of uncomplicated malaria is treated with ACT within 24 h. Therefore, it was of great interest to measure whether the country case management of fever amongst children under five, adhered to the NMCP’s strategic plan and look into the barriers to the use of ACT. Methods A cross-sectional survey based on a cluster and multi-stage sampling was conducted in two rural health districts in Benin. We recruited 768 and 594 children under five years were included in the northern and in the southern respectively. Data was collected on the general use of ACT and on the correct use of ACT that adheres to the NMCP’s strategy, as well as the barriers that prevent the proper management of fever amongst children. To assess the certain predictors of ACT usage, logistic regression was used, while taking into account the cluster random effect. Results Among febrile children aged 6 to 59 months, 20.7% in the south and 33.9% in north received ACT. The correct use of ACT, was very low, 5.8% and in southern and 8.6% northern areas. Caregivers who received information on ACT were 3.13 time more likely in the south and 2.98 time more likely in the north to give ACT to their feverish child, PPR = 3.13[1.72–4.15] and PPR = 2.98 [2.72–3.11] respectively. Chloroquine and quinine, other malaria treatments not recommended by NMCP, were still being used in both areas: 12.3 and 3.3% in the south and 11.4 and 3.0% in the north. Conclusion In Benin, the use and the correct use of ACT for febrile children remains low. The study also showed that having received information about the use of ACT is positively associated with the use of ACT. This point highlights the fact that efforts may not have been sufficiently integrated with social communication, which should be based on the behavioural determinants of populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5077-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018
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48. Profile of GenMark’s ePlex® blood culture identification fungal pathogen panel

Author: Danièle Maubon, Muriel Cornet, Cécile Garnaud, Céline Dard, Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale (TIMC-IMAG-TheREx), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, and CHU Grenoble
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, antifungal stewardship, diagnosis, 030106 microbiology, Context (language use), invasive fungal infection, blood culture, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Health care, Genetics, Humans, Medicine, Blood culture, Intensive care medicine, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Fungemia, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, candidemia, Fungi, Reproducibility of Results, molecular diagnostic, Fungal pathogen, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, PCR, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Mycoses, Molecular Medicine, Identification (biology), Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Stewardship, business
Abstract: International audience; Fungemia presents high morbi-mortality and thus rapid microbiological diagnosis may contribute to appropriate patient management. In the last decade, kits based on molecular technologies have become available and health care institutes are increasingly facing critical investment choices. Although all these tools aim to achieve rapid fungal detection and species identification, they display different inherent characteristics. Areas covered: Considering technologies allowing detection and identification of fungal species in a sepsis context, the market proposes either tests on positive blood culture or tests on patient's whole blood. In this review, the authors describe and compare the ePlex® Blood Culture Identification Fungal Pathogen (BCID-FP) test, a fully automated one-step single-use cartridge assay that has been designed to detect identify frequent or rare but emerging, fungal species, from positive blood culture. A comparison with the competing kits is provided. Expert commentaries: The ePlex BCID-FP test provides a diversified and rather relevant panel. Its easy-to-use cartridges allow flexible use around the clock. Nevertheless, prospective clinical studies assessing the time-to-result benefit on antifungal stewardship and on hospital length of stay are not available yet. New tools aim to benefit clinicians and patients, but they should be accompanied by supervision of result interpretation and adaptation of antifungal stewardship.
Published: 2017
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49. Pneumocystis jirovecii Diversity in Réunion, an Overseas French Island in Indian Ocean

Author: Solène Le Gal, Gautier Hoarau, Antoine Bertolotti, Steven Negri, Nathan Le Nan, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Nicolas Papon, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Gilles Nevez, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), and Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:QR1-502, Zoology, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, genotypes, Genotype, parasitic diseases, medicine, Pneumocystis jirovecii, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, Original Research, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Réunion, biology, 030306 microbiology, Cytochrome b, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, Metropolitan France, Indian ocean, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), Geography, Multilocus sequence typing, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France
Abstract: Data on Pneumocystis jirovecii characteristics from the overseas French territories are still scarce whereas numerous data on P. jirovecii genotypes are available for metropolitan France. The main objective of the present study was to identify P. jirovecii multilocus genotypes in patients living in Réunion and to compare them with those identified using the same method in metropolitan France and in French Guiana. Archival P. jirovecii specimens from immunosuppressed patients, 16 living in Réunion (a French island of the Indian ocean), six living in French Guiana (a South-American French territory), and 24 living in Brest (Brittany, metropolitan France) were examined at the large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) genes, cytochrome b (CYB), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes using PCR assays and direct sequencing. A total of 23 multi-locus genotypes (MLG) were identified combining mtLSUrRNA, CYB, and SOD alleles, i.e., six in Reunionese patients, three in Guianese patients, and 15 in Brest patients. Only one MLG (mtLSU1-CYB1-SOD2) was shared by Reunionese and Guianese patients (one patient from each region) whereas none of the 22 remaining MLG were shared by the 3 patient groups. A total of eight MLG were newly identified, three in Réunion and five in Brest. These results that were obtained through a retrospective investigation of a relatively low number of P. jirovecii specimens, provides original and first data on genetic diversity of P. jirovecii in Réunion island. The results suggest that P. jirovecii organisms from Réunion present specific characteristics compared to other P. jirovecii organisms from metropolitan France and French Guiana.
Published: 2020
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50. First isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains from human congenital toxoplasmosis cases in Monastir, tunisia

Author: Ibtissem Lahmar, Arwa Lachkhem, Hamouda Babba, Aida Trabelsi, Karine Passebosc-Faure, Marie Laure Dardé, Oussama Babba, Darine Slama, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire [Monastir, Tunisie] (LP3M-LR12ES08), Département de Biologie Clinique B [Monastir, Tunisie], Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM)-Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Centre de maternité et de néonatologie de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was funded by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-CHU Limoges-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), and Bodescot, Myriam
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genotyping Techniques, Epidemiology, Placenta, Antibodies, Protozoan, lcsh:Medicine, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Spiramycin, Genotype, lcsh:Science, Molecular Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Parasite biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biological Assay, Female, Toxoplasma, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Maternal Age, Adult, Tunisia, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Genotyping, Retrospective Studies, Molecular epidemiology, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Toxoplasma gondii, DNA, Protozoan, Amniotic Fluid, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Multilocus sequence typing, lcsh:Q, Follow-Up Studies, Microsatellite Repeats, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoon parasite that can cause severe clinical problems such as congenital toxoplasmosis. The distribution of T. gondii genotypes varies from one geographic area to another. So far, little is known about the parasite genotypes in Tunisia, North Africa. The present study aimed isolating and genotyping T. gondii from the amniotic fluid (AF) and placenta of pregnant women in Monastir, Tunisia. Amniotic fluid and/or placenta from 80 women who acquired toxoplasma infection during pregnancy were tested by PCR and/or mouse bioassay. Genotyping of T. gondii isolates from these samples was performed with 15 microsatellite markers. Four viable T. gondii strains were isolated from either the AF or placenta of four women. Specifically, strains TUN001-MON1 and TUN002-MON2 were isolated from both the AF and placenta, TUN003-AHA from only the placenta, and TUN004-NEL from only the AF. The four viable strains were not virulent for mice. Genotyping revealed that the four strains were type II strains. This is the first report on isolation and genotyping of T. gondii from AF human samples in Tunisia. Further studies focused on T. gondii genotyping on a larger number of human cases and on animals in Tunisia are needed to improve the knowledge and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis.
Published: 2020
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