223 results on '"Anti obesity"'
Search Results
2. Physiological and Anti-obesity Effects of Melatonin and Niacin Supplements in Rat Models
- Author
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Serkan Sugeçti, Recai Aci, Adem Keskin, and Utku Duran
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Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Rat model ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Exercise,Nutrition,Melatonin,Niacin,Obesity ,Melatonin ,Çevre Bilimleri ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,Anatomy ,business ,Environmental Sciences ,Niacin ,Developmental Biology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In recent years, the increase in obesity in the world has led to the development of new strategies in combating obesity. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of niacin and melatonin supplements to combat obesity in rats as a model organism. Treadmill exercise was performed on rats after niacin and melatonin supplementation for 10 days. In each group, weight loss was observed at the end of the 10 days exercise. In this study, it was observed that niacin supplementation leading to weight loss in rats that had treadmill exercise when compared to the control group. In addition, it was found that the weight loss observed in melatonin+niacin supplement was higher than niacin supplement only. It was found that the weight loss observed in the group given melatonin+niacin supplement was higher than the weight loss observed in niacin supplement only. As a result, niacin and melatonin supplementation can be recommended before exercise to combat obesity.
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- 2021
3. Structural analysis and anti‐obesity effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide against obesity induced by high‐fat diet in mice
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Rujing Xu, Nianjun Yu, Juan Liang, Kai Zong, Zhendong Wu, An Zhou, and Hongfei Wu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,High fat diet ,Lipid metabolism ,Polysaccharide ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Polygonatum cyrtonema ,Food Science - Published
- 2021
4. Beneficial Flavonoid in Foods and Anti-obesity Effect
- Author
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Fujiang Guo, Yiming Li, Jiaoxian Cao, and Jingwen Liu
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,General Chemical Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Prevalence ,Gut flora ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Global health ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,business.industry ,Appetite ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,040401 food science ,Obesity ,Anti obesity ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem. In the past decades, the prevalence rate of obesity has risen sharply in epidemiology. Obesity has become an increasingly severe epidemic burden linked with diff...
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- 2021
5. Using of licensed and unlicensed anti-obesity medications among the university students
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Fwzieh Hammad, Nour Amin Elsahoryi, Andrea McGrattan, Mohanad Odeh, and Hiba F. Al-Sayyed
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Anti obesity ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background: Obesity is one of the most serious problems worldwide. Using anti-obesity medications have gained growing interest among adults as a shortcut for bodyweight management practice. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, knowledge, usage determinants, intake pattern and experienced effects of anti-obesity medications, licensed and unlicensed, among university students in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured web-based questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Results: 418 students with a mean age of 21.5 responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-obesity medication intake was 11%. The majority (67.2%) had scored poor knowledge regarding these medications. The intake patterns indicated that 78.3% of the consumers were self-administrated without prescription and 76.1% of the consumers used licensed type. Despite being perceived as useful in weight reduction, vomiting, and nausea, were very common adverse events (65.2%). Besides being obese, students with excellent knowledge demonstrated higher odds (OR=24.38 (95%CI: 8.12-73.19) and 10.48 (95%CI: 4.03-27.26), respectively) for medication consumption compared with other, p < 0.0005. Conclusion: Using anti-obesity medications among university students is of concern, particularly due to using unlicensed types and the lack of clinical prescription. With the reported poor knowledge, it becomes crucial to launching awareness campaigns and tailored programs for this age group and the general population.
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- 2021
6. Non-stigmatising alternatives to anti-obesity public health messages: Consequences for health behaviour and well-being
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Joanne A. Rathbone, Tegan Cruwys, and Jolanda Jetten
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medicine.medical_specialty ,030505 public health ,Public health ,Health Behavior ,Health behaviour ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anti obesity ,Environmental health ,Well-being ,Weight stigma ,medicine ,Humans ,Public Health ,0305 other medical science ,Eating behaviour ,Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
This project investigated how alternative non-stigmatising public health messages influence people’s health behaviours and well-being, relative to traditional stigmatising weight-loss messages. We conducted three experimental studies (total N = 1281) that compared traditional weight-loss messages to weight-neutral messages (Study 1), weight-inclusive messages (Study 2) and size acceptance messages (Study 3). Results revealed that public health messages have differential effects on health behaviours and well-being, depending on the audience’s BMI or perceived weight. However, campaigns that challenge weight stigma and promote body positivity have positive effects on some psychological indicators of health and well-being for people of all body sizes.
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- 2021
7. The Anti-obesity Effects of Bangpungtongseong-san and Daesiho-tang: A Study Protocol of Randomized, Double-blinded Clinical Trial
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Jihong Oh, Myeong-Jong Lee, Hojun Kim, Min Ji Kim, Jun-Hwan Lee, Ho Seok Kim, Jiyun Cha, Eun Kyung Ahn, and Hyeyoon Shim
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Protocol (science) ,Clinical trial ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomized controlled trial ,business.industry ,Double blinded ,law ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Bangpungtongseong-san ,business ,law.invention - Published
- 2020
8. Anti-Obesity Medications: An Update for Canadian Physicians
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Renuca Modi, Rameez Kabani, Sarah Chapelsky, Jerry T. Dang, and Arya M. Sharma
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Anti obesity ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,business - Abstract
ObjectiveTo review for Canadian physicians the latest pharmacological options for obesity management. Quality of EvidenceA literature search was conducted in PubMed with no time restriction. Canadian and international guidelines referenced. National and international statistics databases quoted for epidemiological data. Levels of evidence range from I to III. Main MessageAs a chronic progressive disease affecting over 7.2 million Canadians, obesity requires early identification and treatment by primary care practitioners. Three anti-obesity medications are approved for use in Canada under the tradenames Xenical®, Saxenda®, and Contrave® which help bridge the gap between non-pharmacological and surgical options for the treatment of obesity. Family physicians are front-line members of the obesity management team and should remain updated on the pharmacological options for weight management. ConclusionAnti-obesity medications lead to greater average weight loss when combined with behavior modifications and provide individuals with excess weight a sustainable option for obesity management. RESUMEObjectifExaminer, à l’intention des médecins canadiens, les dernières options pharmacologiques pour la gestion de l’obésité. Qualité des preuvesUne recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans PubMed sans restriction de temps. Les lignes directrices canadiennes et internationales sont référencées. Bases de données statistiques nationales et internationales citées pour les données épidémiologiques. Les niveaux de preuve vont de I à III. Message principal En tant que maladie chronique progressive touchant plus de 7,2 millions de Canadiens, l’obésité nécessite un dépistage et un traitement précoces par les praticiens de soins primaires. Trois médicaments contre l’obésité sont approuvés au Canada sous les noms commerciaux Xenical®, Saxenda® et Contrave®, qui aident à combler le fossé entre les options non pharmacologiques et chirurgicales pour le traitement de l’obésité. Les médecins de famille sont des membres de première ligne de l’équipe de gestion de l’obésité et doivent se tenir au courant des options pharmacologiques pour la gestion du poids. ConclusionLes médicaments contre l’obésité entraînent une perte de poids moyenne plus importante lorsqu’ils sont associés à des modifications du comportement et offrent aux personnes en surpoids une option durable pour la gestion de l’obésité.
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- 2020
9. The Use of Stigmatizing Messaging in Anti-Obesity Communications Campaigns: Quantification of Obesity Stigmatization
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Maria Knight Lapinski, Victoria Somerville, Lindsay Ford, Donna Javellana, Kelsey Rothera Day, and Monique Mitchell Turner
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Linguistics and Language ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Communication ,education ,05 social sciences ,Stigma (botany) ,050801 communication & media studies ,050109 social psychology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Language and Linguistics ,Social marketing ,Education ,0508 media and communications ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Psychiatry - Abstract
N = 182 posters) derived from 25 obesity-prevention campaigns shows 13.2% included stigmatizing elements. These stigmatizing advertisements were found in almost half (44%) of the 25 obesity-prevent...
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- 2020
10. The effect of pine needle power-added intake and swimming exercise on L-FABP, CPT-1 expression and anti-obesity in rats
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Dong-A Shin, Jung Suk Ho, Tae-Dong Kwon, Hyobin Seo, and Nam, Ju-Ock
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,Swimming exercise ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,High cholesterol diet ,medicine ,business ,Power added - Published
- 2020
11. Association between shared medical appointments and weight loss outcomes and anti‐obesity medication use in patients with obesity
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Janine Bauman, Rahul Ganguly, Todd Hobbs, Abhilasha Ramasamy, Bartolome Burguera, Elizabeth R. Pfoh, Alex Milinovich, Anita D. Misra-Hebert, Michael W. Kattan, Kelly Shibuya, Xinge Ji, Kevin M. Pantalone, and Wayne Weng
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,shared medical appointments ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,Weight management ,medicine ,In patient ,Obesity ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Medication use ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,Original Articles ,SMA ,medicine.disease ,weight management ,Anti obesity ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Summary Objective In shared medical appointments (SMAs), multiple patients with a similar clinical diagnosis are seen by a multidisciplinary team for interactive group sessions. Very few studies have specifically studied SMAs and weight loss in patients with obesity. This study compared weight loss outcomes and anti‐obesity medication (AOM) access between patients with obesity managed through (SMAs) versus individual appointments. Methods Retrospective study of adults seen for obesity between September 2014 and February 2017 at Cleveland Clinic Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Percent weight loss from baseline was compared between two propensity score‐matched populations: patients who attended ≥1 SMA and patients managed with individual medical appointments. Results From all eligible patients identified (n=310 SMA, n=1,993 non‐SMA), 301 matched pairs were evaluated for weight loss. The SMA group (n=301) lost a mean of 4.2%, 5.2% and 3.8% of baseline weight over 6, 12 and 24 months; the non‐SMA group (n=301) lost significantly less weight (1.5%, 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively) (paired t‐test, P
- Published
- 2020
12. Anti-obesity medication prescriptions by race/ethnicity and use of an interpreter in a pediatric weight management clinic
- Author
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Kyle Rudser, Hilary K. Seligman, Aaron S. Kelly, Favour Noni, Carolyn T. Bramante, Eric M. Bomberg, Claudia K. Fox, and Elise F. Palzer
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Race ethnicity ,obesity ,Adipose Tissue, Appetite, and Obesity ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,pediatric obesity ,Clinical Sciences ,computer.software_genre ,Clinical Research ,Weight management ,medicine ,Medical prescription ,limited english proficiency ,Pediatric ,business.industry ,Integrated Physiology of Obesity and Metabolic Disease ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Health Services ,healthcare disparities ,Family medicine ,Anti obesity ,Public Health and Health Services ,anti-obesity agents ,business ,computer ,Interpreter ,AcademicSubjects/MED00250 - Abstract
Background: Healthcare disparities associated with race/ethnicity and low English proficiency are well established in the US. We sought to determine if there are race/ethnic differences in anti-obesity medication prescription rates among youth with severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥1.2 times the 95th percentile and/or BMI ≥35 kg/m2) treated in a pediatric weight management clinic (PWMC). We secondarily sought to determine if, among youth from families in whom English was not the primary language, there are differences in prescription rates between those using an interpreter during visits and those not. Methods: We reviewed electronic health records of youth 2–18 years old with severe obesity seen at a PWMC from 2012–2020. Race/ethnicity was self-reported and categorized as Non-Hispanic White (NHW), Hispanic/Latino, Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native and Mixed. Anti-obesity medicines included stimulants (i.e. phentermine, lisdexamfetamine), topiramate, naltrexone (± bupropion), and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists. We used Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to compare incidence rates of medicine prescription (incidence rate ratio (IRR), accounting for visit frequency) within the first 1 and 3 years of being followed in a PWMC. We controlled for age, baseline degree of obesity (percent of the 95th BMI percentile (%BMIp95)), number of obesity-related comorbidities (i.e. insulin resistance, hypertension, fatty liver), area-level socioeconomic status (median household income based on ZIP code), and interpreter use. We repeated similar analyses among families in whom English was not the primary language, comparing those using an interpreter with those not. Results: From 2012–2020, 1258 youth (mean age 11.8 years; %BMIp95 143%) were seen in our PWMC (57% NHW, 19% Hispanic/Latino, 16% NHB) of which 26% were prescribed anti-obesity medication. 86% primarily spoke English and 5.2% used an interpreter. There were no statistically significant differences in the IRR of prescriptions by race/ethnicity at 1 and 3 years; however, although not statistically significant point estimates suggest Hispanic/Latino youth being prescribed medication less often at 1 (IRR 0.71; p=0.08) and 3 (IRR 0.75; p=0.13) years compared to NHW. Among non-primary English speakers, rates of prescriptions were higher at 1 (IRR 5.7; p Conclusions: We found no significant race/ethnic differences in anti-obesity medication prescriptions; however, Hispanic/Latino youth received fewer prescriptions, albeit not statistically significant. Among non-primary English speakers, use of an interpreter was associated with increased prescriptions. Our results suggest that addressing healthcare disparities and language barriers may improve care delivery for youth with obesity.
- Published
- 2022
13. Anti-Obesity Effects of Morus alba L. and Aronia melanocarpa in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mouse Model
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Dae-Il Hwang, Ji-Hye Lee, Kyung-Ah Kim, Shalom Sara Thomas, Youn-Soo Cha, and Na-Yeon Kim
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Normal diet ,anti-obesity ,CD36 ,TP1-1185 ,Morus alba ,Aronia melanocarpa ,synergistic-effect ,Plant Science ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Microbiology ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Adipocyte ,medicine ,biology ,Chemical technology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Anti obesity ,biology.protein ,ACOX1 ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Food Science - Abstract
The present study investigated the synergic effect of extracts of Morus alba (MA) and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) (AR) against high-fat diet induced obesity. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups that were fed for 14 weeks with a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with M. alba 400 mg/kg body weight (MA), HD with A. melanocarpa 400 mg/kg body weight (AR), or HD with a mixture (1:1, v/v) of M. alba and A. melanocarpa (400 mg/kg) (MA + AR). Treatment with MA, AR, and MA + AR for 14 weeks reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain and improved serum lipid levels, and histological analysis revealed that MA and AR treatment markedly decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and adipocyte size in epididymal fat. Furthermore, micro-CT images showed MA + AR significantly reduced abdominal fat volume. Expression levels of genes involved in lipid anabolism, such as SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, CEBPα, FAS, and CD36 were decreased by MA + AR treatment whereas PPAR-α, ACOX1, and CPT-1a levels were increased by MA + AR treatment. Protein expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC were increased in the MA + AR group, indicating that MA + AR ameliorated obesity by upregulating AMPK signaling. Together, our findings indicate that MA and AR exert a synergistic effect against diet-induced obesity and are promising agents for managing obesity.
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- 2021
14. The future of anti-obesity medication
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Nick Finer
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
15. Evaluation of awareness about requirement of anti-obesity pharmacotheraphy before weight loss surgery in a tertiary outpatient Endocrine Clinic in Turkey
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Erdi Zuleyha Can, Koray Bas, Ozturk Ahmet Mucteba, and Cigdem Ozkan
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,Endocrine system ,Weight Loss Surgery ,business - Published
- 2021
16. Addressing weight stigma and anti-obesity rhetoric in policy changes to prevent eating disorders
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Suman Ambwani and Janet Treasure
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medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Social Stigma ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,Health Promotion ,medicine.disease ,Eating disorders ,Anti obesity ,Weight stigma ,Rhetoric ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Binge-Eating Disorder ,media_common - Published
- 2021
17. The Expression Of Heme Oxygenase 1 In Skeletal Muscle Of Diet Induced Obese Mice In Response To Anti‐obesity Treatment
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Nasser Rizk, Dina Elsayegh, Farah Issa, Abdelrahman ElGamal, Huda Al‐Khawaga, and Omnia Mohamed
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Skeletal muscle ,Biochemistry ,Heme oxygenase ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Diet-induced obese ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2021
18. Anti-obesity Effects ofBanggihwnggi-tang-hap-yeonggyechulgam-tangin High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice Model
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Chang-Hoon Woo, Tae-Ryeong Kim, and Young-Jun Kim
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,Medicine ,High fat diet ,business ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Dyslipidemia ,Obese Mice - Published
- 2019
19. Anti-obesity Effect of Crataegus pinnatifida through Gut Microbiota Modulation in High-fat-diet Induced Obese Mice
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Min-Jee Kim, Yura Choi, Hojun Kim, Na Rae Shin, and Myeong-Jong Lee
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medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,High fat diet ,Gut flora ,biology.organism_classification ,Crataegus pinnatifida ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Crataegus ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,Medicine ,business ,Obese Mice - Published
- 2019
20. Current and investigational anti-obesity drugs help reduce weight and offer additional benefits, but more effective options are needed
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Adis Medical Writers
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Anti obesity ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Current (fluid) ,business ,Intensive care medicine - Published
- 2019
21. Impact of anti‐obesity medication initiation and duration on weight loss in a comprehensive weight loss programme
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S. Kirkpatrick, Rojin Safavi, M. R. Bailony, Ann Lih, and S. Haller
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Early initiation ,03 medical and health sciences ,weight‐reducing drugs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Medicine ,weight management programme ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,obesity treatment ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Medication Initiation ,Retrospective cohort study ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Anti obesity ,Baseline weight ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,weight loss ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Summary Objective This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of anti‐obesity medication (AOM) initiation, usage and duration on weight loss in a 72‐week precision obesity programme. The type of AOM, diet and exercise plan was chosen based upon an individual's biological and psychosocial needs. The 72‐week study duration allowed for a fair investigation of the downstream impact of delayed versus early AOM initiation. Methods Participants, aged ≥18 years with body mass index ≥30 kg m−2, enrolled from 1 March 2015 to 1 April 2017, were included. Subgroups were assigned by AOM usage (users versus non‐users, early [before 8 weeks] versus delayed [after 8 weeks] AOM initiation and short [5% weight loss (P = 0.006). A higher proportion of users lost ≥15% of weight (45.1% vs. 19.0%; P < 0.001). Mean percentage reduction in weight was greater for early versus delayed starters (−17.60 ± 5.3% vs. −13.95 ± 5.5%; P = 0.024), and longer AOM usage trended towards increased weight loss. Conclusion Early initiation of AOM may enhance weight loss.
- Published
- 2019
22. Effects of Combination Therapy with Anti-Obesity Herbal Medicine Including Ephedra Herba and Lorcaserin in Obese Patients: Two Case Reports
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Min-Jee Kim, Han Seok Choi, and Hojun Kim
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Combination therapy ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,medicine.disease ,business ,Obesity ,Lorcaserin ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2019
23. The Anti-Obesity Effect of Kaempferia Parviflora (KP) is Attributed to Leptin in Adipose Tissue
- Author
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Kaoru Yoshikawa, Nobuo Izumo, Kohsuke Hayamizu, Takuya Matsugami, Yasuo Watanabe, Masaya Miyazaki, and Yuko Miyadate
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Kaempferia parviflora ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,ved/biology ,Internal medicine ,Leptin ,Anti obesity ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,medicine ,Adipose tissue ,Biology - Published
- 2019
24. Anti-Obesity Effects of Sticky Japanese Diet (SJD) Assessed by Regulations of Leptin and Adiponectin
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Kazuya Watanabe, Kensuke Kuwahata, Hiroshi Mori, Masafumi Hashimoto, Shogo Tawara, Nobuo Izumo, Yasuo Watanabe, Yoshiki Hirokawa, Kimiko Tsuzuki, and Yurina Mima
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,Adiponectin ,business.industry ,Leptin ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2019
25. Possible anti‐obesity effects of phytosterols and phytostanols supplementation in humans: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Jamal Rahmani, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Ehsan Ghaedi, Yong Zhang, Somaye Fatahi, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Ana Pantovic, Hamed Mohammadi, and Hamed Kord Varkaneh
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,Gastroenterology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Hyperlipidemia ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,2. Zero hunger ,Pharmacology ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Phytosterols ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,3. Good health ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Meta-analysis ,Anti obesity ,Dietary Supplements ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Present meta-analysis investigates the effects of phytosterols and phytostanol (PS) supplementation on anthropometric indices, using data from randomized controlled trials. We performed a systematic search in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochran, and Web of Science. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented. Overall, 79 randomized controlled trials investigated the effects of PS on anthropometric indices. Meta-analysis results did not reveal any significant effect of PS supplementation on weight (66 trials-WMD: -0.083 kg; CI [-0.233, 0.066]; I2 = 42.5%), percentage fat mass (6 trials-WMD: -0.090%; CI [-0.789, 0.610]; I2 = 0.0%), and waist circumference (WC; 5 trials-WMD: -0.039 cm; CI [-0.452, 0.374]; I2 = 0.0%). However, body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after PS supplementation (39 trials-WMD: -0.063 kg/m2, p = 0.024, I2 = 25.1%). Subgroup analyses showed that PS supplementation in subjects with baseline BMI ≥25 and hyperlipidemic significantly decreased body weight and BMI. The overall results showed that although PS supplementation did not affect anthropometric indices (except BMI), baseline status regarding BMI and hyperlipidemia and also dose and duration could be contributing factors for favorable effects.
- Published
- 2019
26. Preventive Effects of Whole Grain Cereals on Sarcopenic Obesity in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice
- Author
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Jae-Kwan Hwang, Mi-Bo Kim, Sein Lee, and Changhee Kim
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,High fat diet ,medicine.disease ,Skeletal muscle mass ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,Muscle strength ,Sarcopenic obesity ,business ,Whole Grain Cereals ,Food Science ,Obese Mice - Published
- 2018
27. Anti-obesity activity of OBEX is regulated by activation of thermogenesis and decreasing adiposity gain
- Author
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Ana B. Crujeiras, Cintia Folgueira, Marcos C. Carreira, Eduardo Sanz, Andrea Gonzalez-Izquierdo, Felipe F. Casanueva, Mariana P. Monteiro, Maria Amil, Sara Andrade, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Fisioloxía
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mature adipocytes ,Administration, Oral ,lcsh:Medicine ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Diet, High-Fat ,Weight Gain ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,Brown adipose tissue ,High fat ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,lcsh:Science ,Adiposity ,Cell Proliferation ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Endocrine system and metabolic diseases ,Cell Differentiation ,Thermogenesis ,3T3 Cells ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anti obesity ,lcsh:Q ,Anti-Obesity Agents ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Weight gain - Abstract
The incidence of obesity has been increasing dramatically worldwide over the past decades, thus requiring novel and effective therapeutic approaches. OBEX is an oral nutritional supplement composed of antioxidants with antiobesity activity. The effects of OBEX have been tested in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, OBEX reduces weight gain by decreasing adiposity gain and increasing energy expenditure in high fat diet-fed mice through the activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) independent of eating behaviors. In vitro analysis with 3T3-F442A cells revealed anti-proliferative and anti-differentiation effects of OBEX. In addition, OBEX induced a clear reduction of the lipid load in mature adipocytes obtained from 3T3-F442A cells. Overall, our findings suggest that OBEX has a protective effect against an obesogenic environment This work has been partially supported by Catalysis S.L., CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (Grant CB06/0003 to F.F.C.), an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III of Spain which is supported by the regional development funding program (FEDER), Xunta de Galicia (Grant GRC2014/034 to F.F.C.), Instituto de SaludCaros III (Grant PI17/01287 to F.F.C.). AGIand M.C.C. are researchers under CIBERobn contracts. A.B.C. is a researcher funded by Fundación Ramón Domínguez SI
- Published
- 2018
28. Anti-Obesity Effect of Galacto-Oligosaccharides in Obese Rats
- Author
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Hong Nie, Hua Cao, Shang Kong, Yan Bai, Zhengquan Su, Xingjun Huang, and Qishi Che
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,business.industry ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,business - Abstract
Background: Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) is a commonly used as a prebiotic with a variety of metabolic benefits. Whether GOS plays a protective role in obesity is still unknown. Here we demonstrated that GOS possesses an anti-obesity activity by promoting adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. Results: Our results showed that GOS effectively slow weight gain of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats without affecting energy intake. GOS significantly suppressed the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as markedly lessened the ratio of fat pad to fat body. Consistently, GOS significantly improved serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which indicated an appropriate weight loss activity of GOS. Interestingly, GOS also significantly increased the expression levels of browning proteins (UCP1, PPARγ, PGC1α and PRMD16) both in the WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT). We further found that GOS markedly increased the expression levels of LXRα, PPARα, LDLR and CYP7A1 proteins in the liver of obese rats. Conclusions: Taken together, we concluded that GOS inhibits obesity by accelerating the browning of white fat cells and the thermogenesis of brown fat cells, moreover GOS improves host lipid homeostasis by promoting cholesterol catabolism.
- Published
- 2021
29. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) contributes to the anti-obesity effects and adipose tissue browning of alpha-lipoic acid in ovariectomized rats
- Author
-
Yi-Wen Chen, Hsin-Hsueh Shen, Shu-Ying Chen, Ming-Ting Chung, Ching-Wen Kung, Shieh-Yang Huang, Yen-Mei Lee, and Pao-Yun Cheng
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Chemistry ,Alpha-Lipoic Acid ,Adipose tissue ,AMPK ,Endocrinology ,AMP-activated protein kinase ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Ovariectomized rat ,Browning ,biology.protein - Abstract
BackgroundBilateral ovariectomy is an experimental model used to analyze the conditions of menopause and develop strategies for alleviation of the deleterious effects during estrogen deficiency. Brown and beige adipocytes exert thermogenesis capacities and are promising therapeutic strategy for obesity. This study aims to investigate the adipose tissue browning potentials of antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) and underlying mechanisms involved in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats.Methods:Eight weeks old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into Sham or Ovx groups. The Ovx rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy and administered with ALA 200 or ALA 300 mg/kg/day (gavage) for 8 weeks. Results:Ovx group significantly increased boy weight (BW) and fat pad mass as compared to Sham group, while ALA supplementation reversed these changes. Lipid profiles including serum triglycerides (TG), total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly elevated in the Ovx group, whereas the ALA treatment showed a significant decrease in these levels. Furthermore, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and myokine irisin secretion were increased by ALA as well. Morphology results showed ALA treatment reduced Ovx-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and enhanced UCP1 expression by immunohistochemical staining in inguinal WAT. Protein expression of brown fat-specific markers UCP1, PRDM16 and CIDEA was markedly reduced in Ovx rats, whereas ALA treatment reversed these changes. ALA significantly increased liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) that were decreased by Ovx, suggesting the browning effects were mediated by AMPK signaling. Conclusions:ALA ameliorates obesity caused by hormone deprivation in menopause via conversion of white to beige adipocytes concomitant with the activation of AMPK signaling.
- Published
- 2021
30. Cardiovascular Safety and Superiority of Anti-Obesity Medications
- Author
-
Faez Al-Amodi, Abdullah Alrumayh, Mwango Bwalya, Muath Alobaida, and Ayodipupo Oguntade
- Subjects
Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,obesity ,type 2 diabetes mellitus ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Review ,Weight loss ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,anti-obesity medication ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,Cardiovascular safety ,business.industry ,Market Withdrawal ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,cardiovascular diseases ,Anti obesity ,obesity therapy ,medicine.symptom ,business ,cardiovascular outcome trials - Abstract
Over the past few decades, several anti-obesity medications have demonstrated an association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, leading to their market withdrawal. This has caused researchers to investigate the cardiovascular safety of such medications in cardiovascular outcome trials. However, the data from these trials are limited, and their outcomes are not promising. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current and past Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for weight loss, including novel diabetes medications (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors) and non-diabetes medications, and to highlight the current designs of cardiovascular outcome trials and their importance in the evaluation of the overall safety concerns associated with these anti-obesity medications. The limitations of the trials and opportunities for improvement were also evaluated. Finally, we also briefly describe cardiovascular safety and risks in this review.
- Published
- 2021
31. Anti-Obesity Effect of Licorice Acetone Extract in a Mouse Model of Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet
- Author
-
Eun-Ju Kang, Jin-Hee Lee, Mun-Hoe Lee, Hyeong-Min Kim, Hee-Chul Chung, Sung-Woo Yoon, and Jae-Min Hwang
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Fat diet ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,Acetone ,High fat diet ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Glabridin - Published
- 2021
32. Abstract #995159: Individualized Anti-obesity Pharmacotherapy Enhances Weight Loss in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
- Author
-
Gerardo Calderon, Maria Daniela Hurtado Andrade, Maria Laura Ricardo Silgado, Andres Acosta C, and Alison Mcrae
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Pharmacotherapy ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,In patient ,medicine.symptom ,business - Published
- 2021
33. Anti-Obesity Medical Devices
- Author
-
Hassan M. Heshmati
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,business - Published
- 2020
34. MON-593 Single-Dose Effects of Anti-Obesity Drugs on Human Basal Metabolic Rate
- Author
-
Kong Y. Chen, Marc L. Reitman, Robert J. Brychta, Shanna Bernstein, Brooks P. Leitner, Sarah L Bell, Laura A. Fletcher, Aaron M. Cypess, Amber B. Courville, Jacob D. Hattenbach, Courtney J. Duckworth, Suzanne McGehee, Ranganath Muniyappa, Thomas M. Cassimatis, and Nikita Sanjay Israni
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue, Appetite, and Obesity ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,Basal metabolic rate ,Medicine ,Dose effect ,Obesity Treatment: Gut Hormones, Drug Therapy, Bariatric Surgery and Diet ,business ,AcademicSubjects/MED00250 - Abstract
Design and rationale: Obesity results from energy intake exceeding energy expenditure (EE) over a prolonged period. Many anti-obesity drugs are designed to decrease energy intake. However, their potential impact on EE is not well documented. We designed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized cross-over study to determine the acute effects of several FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs on basal metabolic rate (BMR) under well-controlled conditions. Protocol and inclusion criteria: This ongoing study is limited to healthy males of all ethnicities aged 18–35 years with a BMI of 18.5 to 25.0 kg/m2. Following an overnight stay in the Metabolic Clinical Research Unit, fasting subjects were measured from 8:00am to 12:00pm in a whole-room indirect calorimeter, which was maintained at a thermoneutral temperature (26.7±0.9°C) to prevent non-shivering thermogenesis. The six treatments include placebo, caffeine as the positive control (300 mg), phentermine (37.5 mg), topiramate (200 mg), Qsymia (phentermine 15 mg / topiramate 92 mg), and naltrexone (100 mg), with a 1-week outpatient washout period after each treatment. Drug-naïve subjects received a single dose of each drug to minimize potential metabolic adaptations that may occur with weight-loss or chronic use. The prespecified primary outcome was a ≥5% increase in BMR vs. placebo for each drug. This difference can be detected for 16 subjects with 0.83 power at α=0.05 allowing for ≤25% dropout. Secondary outcomes include respiratory quotient (RQ), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and self-reported hunger. Preliminary data: To date, 7 subjects were recruited and 6 have completed the study (26.1±4.3 years, BMI 23.1±1.4 kg/m2, body fat percentage 18.4±4.1%). Interim analysis using paired t-tests shows, compared to placebo, caffeine trended towards increasing EE (1.17±0.07 vs. 1.27±0.12 kcal/min; p=0.07) and increased MAP by 5.5±4.2% (88±2 vs. 93±4; p Summary and future directions: Anti-obesity drugs may increase energy expenditure by upregulating sympathetic nervous system activity. Combined with appetite suppression, the impact on energy balance can lead to weight loss. We aim to complete our study to determine whether these drugs can acutely increase EE with minimal cardiovascular side-effects and compare our findings with long-term interventions.
- Published
- 2020
35. MON-LB104 Update on Anti-Obesity Medical Devices
- Author
-
Hassan Heshmati
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Adipose Tissue, Appetite, and Obesity ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,Obesity Treatment: Gut Hormones, Drug Therapy, Bariatric Surgery and Diet ,business ,AcademicSubjects/MED00250 - Abstract
Background: Obesity is excess body weight for a given height. It is a worldwide pandemic associated with increased morbidity/mortality and high cost for the society. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries since 1980. The prevalence of obesity in the United States of America (USA) is near 40% and its annual medical cost is around $200 billion. Management of obesity requires multidisciplinary approaches. Available options for weight reduction include diet, food supplement, exercise, behavior change, drug, medical device, gut microbiome manipulation, and surgery. In the USA, only 2% of subjects with obesity receive anti-obesity drugs. Properties and Mechanisms of Action: Anti-obesity medical devices represent a heterogenous family in terms of regulation, presentation, usage/administration, mechanism of action, effectiveness, safety, availability, and cost. Unlike anti-obesity drugs that act chemically through specific receptors, anti-obesity medical devices act rather mechanically. They do not have systemic absorption, specific metabolism, or receptors, and, therefore, have no side effects related to the impact on different organs through the bloodstream. Anti-obesity medical devices can cause weight loss through different mechanisms. They can cause a decrease in food intake at the level of oral cavity (by limiting the bite size) or stomach (by reducing the available stomach volume), or can cause a decrease in the amount of available/absorbed nutrient at the level of stomach (by removing part of the gastric contents) or intestine (by bypassing part of the intestine). In the USA, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the Food and Drug Administration is approving/clearing the anti-obesity medical devices. Based on the expected weight loss, CDRH categorizes medical devices as weight-loss devices (“more” weight loss) or weight-management devices (“less” weight loss). The weight-loss devices include gastric band devices, gastric space-occupying devices, and gastric emptying devices. The weight-management devices include oral removable palatal space-occupying devices and ingested transient gastric space-occupying devices. Anti-obesity medical devices should be used in conjunction with healthy lifestyle including diet and exercise. The degree of weight loss, the side effects, and the cost of anti-obesity medical devices vary considerably by the type of medical device. Conclusion: Anti-obesity medical devices are an option for subjects who have not responded to more conservative treatments (lifestyle, drugs) but who want an alternative to more aggressive interventions (bariatric surgery). Given the large market size of obesity treatment and the current level of undertreatment with anti-obesity drugs, anti-obesity medical devices can play a major role in the management of obesity.
- Published
- 2020
36. Anti-obesity public health messages and risk factors for disordered eating: a systematic review
- Author
-
Capella Meurer, Tristan Snell, Claire C. Bristow, and Janette Graetz Simmonds
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Overweight ,Feeding and Eating Disorders ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Obesity ,Disordered eating ,030505 public health ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Eating disorders ,Anti obesity ,Public Health ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Inclusion (education) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
In response to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, public health efforts to curb these conditions have been delivered in abundance. There is concern however that the messages used to target these conditions may be increasing risk factors for disordered eating. Therefore, we sought to systematically review the literature on the effects of anti-obesity public health messages on risk factors for disordered eating. Seven electronic databases were searched for articles meeting the inclusion criteria, resulting in the inclusion of 12 studies of various methodologies that measured one or more risk factors for disordered eating following exposure to public health messages. Few studies specifically and accurately measured disordered eating behaviours. Most studies found that messages were stigmatizing towards persons who are overweight/obese, and exacerbate thin ideals and drive for thinness. Interestingly, the same was not found for measures of body dissatisfaction. Messages promoting smaller meals were also thought to be potential triggers for disordered eating. Whilst the studies included in this review offered both quantitative and qualitative insights into how public health messages may have adverse effects on eating behaviours, there was a consistent lack of valid reporting measures and clear classification of outcomes overall. Hence, future research is recommended using valid reporting tools such as validated questionnaires, as well as prolonged exposure to the intervention condition to determine longer-term impact.
- Published
- 2020
37. Anti-obesity and hepatoprotective effects in obese rats fed diets supplemented with fruit purees
- Author
-
Efigenia Montalvo-González, Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi, Eduardo Mendeleev Becerra-Verdín, Úrsula Mireya Morales-Ávila, and John P. Tolman
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,anti-obesity ,Inflammation ,hepatoprotective ,01 natural sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,fruit purees ,010608 biotechnology ,Internal medicine ,Liver enzyme ,medicine ,T1-995 ,TX341-641 ,Technology (General) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Metabolism ,medicine.disease ,040401 food science ,Obesity ,Enzyme assay ,liver enzymes ,Endocrinology ,Anti obesity ,biology.protein ,Alkaline phosphatase ,medicine.symptom ,Lipid profile ,business ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
In this work, the effect of the intake of a low-fat diet supplemented with a fruit puree (guava-strawberry, guava-blackberry, guava-soursop or guava-passion fruit) by obese rats on reduction of body weight, lipid profile, and liver enzyme activity was evaluated. The rats (n=6 for each treatment) were induced to obesity with a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, then they were fed with a low-fat diet plus a fruit puree for 4 weeks. Healthy rats and obese rats fed with standard diet as controls were considered. The additional consumption of fruit purees was associated with a reduction in body weight (16-24%), a control in the metabolism of plasma lipids decreasing the levels of total cholesterol (59-68%) and triacylglycerols (61-82%). We found a significant reduction in inflammation markers and liver damage; enzyme activity (alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase) decreased, and a notable improvement in liver morphology was observed. The consumption of fruit purees by obese individuals could contribute to the control of and improvement in the complications of obesity caused by alterations in lipoproteins.
- Published
- 2020
38. Hepatic Gene Expression Profile of Lipid Metabolism of Obese Mice After Treatment with AntiObesity Drug
- Author
-
Manar Al-Rashid, Maha Al-Qeraiwi, Abdelrahman El Gamal, Amena Fadl, and Nasser Rizk
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Gene Expression, Lipid, Obese ,Endocrinology ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Lipid metabolism ,business ,After treatment ,Obese Mice - Abstract
Obesity is a global disorder with multifactorial causes. The liver plays a vital role in fat metabolism. Disorder of hepatic fat metabolism is associated with obesity and causes fatty liver. High fat diet intake (HFD) to mice causes the development of dietinduced obesity (DIO). The study aimed to detect the effects of anti-obesity drugs (sulforaphane; SFN and leptin) on hepatic gene expression of fat metabolism in mice that were fed HFD during an early time of DIO. Twenty wild types (WT) CD1 male mice aged ten weeks were fed a high fat diet. The mice were treated with vehicle; Veh (control group), and SFN, then each group is treated with leptin or saline. Four groups of treatment were: control group (vehicle + saline), Group 2 (vehicle + leptin), group 3 (SFN + saline), and group 4 (SFN + leptin). Body weight and food intake were monitored during the treatment period. Following the treatments of leptin 24 hour, fasting blood samples and liver tissue was collected, and Total RNA was extracted then used to assess the gene expression of 84 genes involved in hepatic fat metabolism using RT-PCR profiler array technique. Leptin treatment upregulated fatty acid betaoxidation (Acsbg2, Acsm4) and fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Acot6, Acsl6), and downregulated is fatty acid transport (Slc27a2). SFN upregulated acylCoA hydrolase (Acot3) and long chain fatty acid activation for lipids synthesis and beta oxidation (Acsl1). Leptin + SFN upregulated fatty acid beta oxidation (Acad11, Acam) and acyl-CoA hydrolase (Acot3, Acot7), and downregulated fatty acid elongation (Acot2). As a result, treatment of both SFN and leptin has more profound effects on ameliorating pathways involved in hepatic lipogenesis and TG accumulation and lipid profile of TG and TC than other types of intervention. We conclude that early intervention of obesity pa could ameliorate the metabolic changes of fat metabolism in liver as observed in WT mice on HFD in response to anti-obesity treatment.
- Published
- 2020
39. Old and New Anti-obesity Devices for Medical, Surgical, and Endoscopical Use
- Author
-
Joel Faintuch and Salomao Faintuch
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Palate prosthesis ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Calorie intake ,Current sample ,Surprise ,Anti obesity ,Health care ,Dental wiring ,Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Surgical interventions ,media_common - Abstract
The advent of surgical interventions in the 1950s to mechanically (and nonmechanically) prevent and treat obesity was received by certain health care professionals with shock, looking risky and disproportionate for an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure. Newer anti-obesity devices run the gamut from merely curious to relative aggressive, sometimes reenacting a similar degree of surprise and disbelief. Nevertheless, they are not mere curiosities or experimental musings, but actual therapies are available for selected candidates. This chapter reviews a current sample of oral, intragastric, intrajejunal, and swallowable products, with the corresponding usage and contraindications.
- Published
- 2020
40. Contrasting anti-obesity effects of smectite clays and mesoporous silica in sprague-dawley rats
- Author
-
Tahlia R. Meola, Paul Joyce, Miia Kovalainen, Hanna Ulmefors, Anthony Wignall, Tahnee J. Dening, Clive A. Prestidge, Joyce, Paul, Dening, Tahnee J, Meola, Tahlia R, Wignall, Anthony, Ulmefors, Hanna, Kovalainen, Miia, and Prestidge, Clive A
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,obesity ,anti-obesity ,Chemistry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Biomedical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Metabolism ,Mesoporous silica ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomaterials ,Endocrinology ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,Sprague dawley rats ,medicine ,lipolysis ,Lipolysis ,fat digestion ,0210 nano-technology ,functional foods - Abstract
Porous colloids have been shown to exert unique bioactivities for mediating lipid (fat) metabolism and thereby offer significant potential as anti-obesity therapies. In this study, we compare the capacity for two classes of colloids, that is, smectite clays (Laponite XLG, LAP; montmorillonite, MMT) and mesoporous silica (SBA-15 ordered silica; MPS), to impede intestinal lipid hydrolysis and provoke lipid and carbohydrate excretion through adsorption within their particle matrices. A two-stage in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis model revealed the capacity for both smectite clays and MPS to inhibit the rate and extent of lipase-mediated digestion under simulated fed state conditions. Each system adsorbed more than its own weight of organic media (i.e., lipid and carbohydrates) after 60 min lipolysis, with MMT adsorbing >10% of all available organics through the indiscriminate adsorption of fatty acids and glycerides. When co-administered with a high-fat diet (HFD) to Sprague-Dawley rats, treatment with MMT and MPS significantly reduced normalized rodent weight gain compared to a negative control, validating their potential to restrict energy intake and serve as anti-obesity therapies. However, in vitro-in vivo correlations revealed poor associations between in vitro digestion parameters and normalized weight gain, indicating that additional/alternate anti-obesity mechanisms may exist in vivo, while also highlighting the need for improved in vitro assessment methodologies. Despite this, the current findings emphasize the potential for porous colloids to restrict weight gain and promote anti-obesity effects to subjects exposed to a HFD and should therefore drive the development of next-generation food-grade biomaterials for the treatment and prevention of obesity. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2020
41. Anti-Obesity Effect of Lactoferrin; Subgroup Analysis Excluding Subjects with Obese and/or Hyper-LDL Cholesterolemia
- Author
-
Akira Uchiyama, Michiaki Murakoshi, and Tomoji Ono
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Lactoferrin ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Subgroup analysis ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,biology.protein ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2018
42. The Anti-obesity Effect ofSeungyangjeseup-tangfor High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice
- Author
-
K.M.D. Chang-Hoon Woo, Hee-Duk Ahn, Jung-Min Kim, and K.M.D. Soo-Min Choi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,High fat diet ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,business ,Obese Mice - Published
- 2018
43. A critical review on anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of dietary resistant starch
- Author
-
Baojun Xu and Maninder Meenu
- Subjects
Dietary Fiber ,medicine.medical_specialty ,food.ingredient ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,food ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Diabetes Mellitus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Obesity ,Resistant starch ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Research ,Starch ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,040401 food science ,Small intestine ,Diet ,Glycemic index ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gluconeogenesis ,Glycogenesis ,Anti obesity ,Models, Animal ,Anti-Obesity Agents ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
"Diabesity" is the term to illustrate the interdependent relationship between obesity and diabetes. About 80% of the diabetic patients are diagnosed with obesity. Diabesity can be prevented by dietary interventions, especially by incorporating sufficient amount of resistant starch (RS). In the past few decades, RS has inspired the researchers due to its various health benefits. Differing from digestible starch, RS remains undigested in the small intestine, but in the large intestine, it is subjected to fermentation. This review intends to encapsulate the current information related to the dietary RS on diabetes and obesity. RS attenuate hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and hyperlipidemic response in various subjects by restricting gluconeogenesis, bolstering glycogenesis, maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis and ameliorating pancreatic dysfunction. Various food products were fortified with RS to enhance its dietary intake and were found to exhibit positive impact on human and animal models. This review identified and summarized the research gaps in the available literature.
- Published
- 2018
44. Anti-obesity Effect and Action Mechanism of Dansam-Samultang in C57BL/6 Obese Mice Fed High Fat Diet
- Author
-
Seong-Eun Lee
- Subjects
C57BL/6 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Mechanism (biology) ,High fat diet ,biology.organism_classification ,Endocrinology ,Action (philosophy) ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,business ,Obese Mice - Published
- 2018
45. The Anti-obesity Effects ofYounggyechulgam-tang-ga Hwanggion Obesity in Mice Induced by High Fat Diet
- Author
-
Man-Jin Jeong, Hee-Duk Ahn, and Chang-Hoon Woo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,business.industry ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,High fat diet ,medicine.disease ,business ,Obesity - Published
- 2018
46. Anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of the allosteric PTP1B inhibitor KY-226 via insulin and leptin signal enhancement
- Author
-
Yuma Ito, Tatsuya Kitao, Mamoru Kanda, Hiroaki Shirahase, Masaki Fukui, and Eiichi Hinoi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Leptin ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Allosteric regulation ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Signal enhancement ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2018
47. The role of anti-obesity drugs in the management of obese diabetics
- Author
-
Dusan Micic, Dragan Micic, and Snežana Polovina
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Anti obesity ,medicine ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,030212 general & internal medicine ,General Medicine ,business ,3. Good health - Published
- 2018
48. Anti-obesity Effects of Barley Sprout Young Leaf on 3T3-L1 Cells and High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice
- Author
-
Jun Hwan Yeo, Seung Jin Yoo, Won Seok Jung, Mi Ok Sim, Min-Suk Kim, and Byoung Man Kang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,010405 organic chemistry ,3T3-L1 Cells ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ,High fat diet ,Plant Science ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Adipogenesis ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,Lipogenesis ,medicine ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Obese Mice - Published
- 2017
49. Anti-obesity Effect of Aster Yomena Ethanol Extract in High Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice
- Author
-
Ho Jae Lee, Sang Wan Seo, and Hyun Sik Kim
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,High fat diet ,3T3-L1 ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,business ,Aster yomena ,Obese Mice - Published
- 2017
50. Targeted Hyaluronate–Hollow Gold Nanosphere Conjugate for Anti-Obesity Photothermal Lipolysis
- Author
-
Jung Ho Lee, Chulhong Kim, Won Chan Park, Dong Hyun Lee, Sei Kwang Hahn, Hyeon Seon Jeong, Ki Su Kim, Geon Hui Lee, Songeun Beack, and Tae Yeon Kim
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Materials science ,Biomedical Engineering ,Adipose tissue ,02 engineering and technology ,Photothermal therapy ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomaterials ,Endocrinology ,Anti obesity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Lipolysis ,Laser illumination ,Photothermal ablation ,0210 nano-technology ,Transdermal ,Conjugate - Abstract
Obesity is associated with the risk of developing several severe diseases, such as metabolic disorder, diabetes, and heart diseases. Despite wide investigation and trials, a noninvasive obesity therapy is still an important medical unmet need, targeting the abnormal adipose tissue. Here, we developed hyaluronate-hollow gold nanosphere-adipocyte-targeting peptide (HA-HAuNS-ATP) conjugates for the photothermal ablation of adipose tissues. The HA-HAuNS-ATP conjugate could be noninvasively delivered into the skin and effectively target to adipocytes in the subcutaneous. With near-infrared laser illumination, HA-HAuNS-ATP conjugate enabled highly effective photothermal ablation of adipose tissues in C57BL/6 obesity mice. The photoacoustic imaging confirmed the successful transdermal delivery and the photothermal lipolysis of HA-HAuNS-ATP conjugate. Taken together, the transdermal HA-HAuNS-ATP conjugate might have a great potential for noninvasive photothermal lipolysis.
- Published
- 2017
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