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The article presents a comparative analysis of the clinical effectiveness of bone augmentation materials, in particular, compositions including multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue and platelet-enriched plasma, used to fill bone defects during the operation of third molars extraction. The criteria for the effectiveness of treatment at the stage of the early postoperative period in the participants included the assessment of the pain intensity, collateral oedema and hyperaemia of the oral mucosa after the surgery. The aim of the study is to determine the clinical efficiency of osteoplastic materials and to determine the feasibility of using tissue equivalents of bone tissue based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue for healing of bone defects in patients with impacted third molars. Methods and participants. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine. Extraction of impacted third molars surgery was performed on 72 patients. After the tooth extraction, 31.94% of them underwent bone augmentation by osteoplastic material “Colapan–L” (group A); 41.67% of patients had bone augmentation with a combination of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue+”Colapan–L”+platelet-rich plasma (group B), and in the rest, 26.39% of patients, wound healing occurred under a blood clot (group C). Postoperative pain syndrome was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) based on patients' subjective feeling of pain. Visual assessment of the severity of collateral oedema and hyperaemia of the oral mucosa after surgery was also performed. A scoring system was used to determine the severity of collateral oedema. To assess the state of the postoperative period in patients of all study groups, a protocol was completed daily during the hospital stay period that reflected the most important data of an objective and subjective nature. During the procedure of morning dressings, we analyzed patients' complaints and evaluated general and local status: presence of appetite, quality of sleep, wound pain, postoperative oedema, hematoma, and hyperaemia of the oral mucosa, presence of secretions from the wound, body temperature, and type of wound healing. The study has demonstrated that at the final stage of postoperative follow-up the 89.31% of patients who received a combination of “Colapan–L” with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue and platelet-rich plasma reported no pain that is 1.2 times p10.05 that the indicators of group B, where the healing of the bone defect developed without osteoplastic materials. The absence of hyperaemia of the oral mucosa was found in 92.37% of the patients in groups B, which was 1.3 and 1.4 times higher than the values obtained in groups A and B, p1

When performing myoplastic operations and surgical interventions on the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus, information on the variant anatomy of the infrahyoid muscles, the features of their innervation and blood supply are of great clinical importance. Moreover, when additional muscles are attached to the thyroid gland, intraoperative bleeding can occur resulting in hematoma and tissue scarring in the postoperative period. There are fragmentary data in the literature on the variants of the structure and topography of the human infrahyoid area muscles. The specificity of branching nerves and blood vessels, their vascular-nervous relationships in a separate part of the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid muscles should be taken into account when performing rational incisions in the neck, moving both the flaps and the above muscles in plastic surgery. The purpose of study was to establish the anatomical variability and features of innervation and blood supply of the infrahyoid muscles of the neck in human foetuses of 4 – 10 gestational months age. Material and methods. The study was performed on 36 human foetuses, whose parieto-coccygeal length was 81.0 – 375.0 mm, without visible signs of anatomical abnormalities or anomalies in the cervical region. Thin sections of the structures from the anterior and lateral parts of the neck were prepared under the control of binocular magnifier, vascular injection technique, and morphometry. Foetal preparations weighing over 500.0 g were studied directly at Chernivtsi Regional Paediatric Pathological Bureau. Foetal preparations were taken from the Museum of M.G. Turkevich Human Anatomy Department, Bukovinian State Medical University. Results and discussion. The study demonstrated anatomical variability of the infrahyoid area muscles during the foetal period of human ontogenesis. Human foetuses were mainly found to have loose extending intramuscular branching of the nerves of the cervical loop in the infrahyoid muscles. The only exception is the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, where main nerve branching is found out. The distribution of nerves in the thickness of the infrahyoid muscles is uneven. Macroscopic examination revealed the smallest number of nerve branches was found within the middle third of the sternohyoid and upper third of the sternothyroid muscles. Arteries and nerves enter the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles through the anterior surface, and the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles enter mainly through the posterior surface of these muscles. The infrahyoid muscles are characterized by the main form of intramuscular branching of the arteries. The data on the peculiarities of intramuscular branching of arteries and nerves in the infrahyoid muscles we obtained, as well as the variant anatomy of the infrahyoid area muscles must be taken into account when performing a surgical access to the neck, or when operating on in the anterior cervical region, in particular myoplastic and reconstructive operations, in order to avoid muscle injuries.

The article is devoted to the risk of cardiovascular disease in coronavirus infection In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the COVID-19 pandemic The virus set many tasks for practicing doctors, including the study of its pathogenesis and the creation of a therapy suitable for all patient groups This paper presents information about cellular entry of the coronavirus, the development of cardiovascular diseases, in particular, the heart, and the latest data on experimental therapy with hydroxychloroquine Coronavirus has been shown to affect the synthesis of angiotensin 2, which increase the QT interval At the same time, the combination therapy -using chloroquine and azithromycin caused a critical prolongation of the QT interval in some cases On 4 July 2020, WHO accepted the Solidarity Trial’s International Steering Committee recommendation has stop the trial of these drugs Cardiologists should review the latest information on the effects of coronavirus on the cardiovascular system and based on this, make recommendations the management and treatment of severe patients Статья посвящена риску развития поражений со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы при коронавирусной инфекции В марте 2020 г Всемирная организация здравоохранения объявила пандемию COVID-19 Вирус поставил перед практикующими врачами массу задач, среди которых исследование его патогенеза и создание терапии, подходящей всем группам пациентов В статье представлены сведения о попадании коронавируса в клетку, развитии поражений со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы, в частности сердца, и последние данные об экспериментальной терапии гидроксихлорохином Было показано, что COVID-19 влияет на синтез ангиотензина-2, увеличивая интервал QT Вместе с тем комбинированное применение хлорохина вместе с азитромицином вызывало критическое удлинение интервала QT у некоторых пациентов Уже 4 июля 2020 г Всемирная организация здравоохранения в связи с рекомендациями Международного руководящего комитета клинического исследования «Solidarity» остановила испытания данных препаратов Именно кардиологам предстоит не только проанализировать будущие результаты исследований о влиянии коронавируса на сердечно-сосудистую систему, но и составить на основе этого рекомендации по ведению и лечению тяжёлых пациентов

The study of age and individual anatomical variability of vagus nerves and their branches in different age periods of human ontogenesis causes interest among both morphologists and doctors of different specialties. The aim of the study. To find out the topography of the cervical and thoracic divisions of the vagus nerves in human fetuses aged from 4th to 10th gestational months. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on 75 preparations of human fetuses ranging from 81.0 to375.0 mm in parietal-coccygeal length (PCL) using methods of macro-microscopic dissection and morphometry. Results. In human fetuses, the left vagus nerve is placed anteriorly to the left subclavian artery, then on the lateral surface of the Botallo’s arterial duct and the aortic arch. In the neck region, the superior cardiac branch departs from the left vagus nerve and goes to the anterior surface of the left common carotid artery. In the inferior part of the left common carotid artery, the superior cardiac branch gives off two branches: the middle one reaches the aortic arch wall, and the lateral one runs along the anterior surface of the left common carotid artery. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve departs from the left vagus nerve at the level of the inferior border of the aortic arch. The right vagus nerve passes from the right subclavian artery anteriorly and gives rise to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, which continues inferiorly and posteriorly around the subclavian artery. The superior cardiac branch originates from the right vagus nerve at the level of the inferior border of the thyroid gland. The inferior cardiac branch departs inferiorly and medially from the right laryngeal nerve and is located on the right anterolateral surface of the trachea. Conclusions. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, age and individual anatomical variations of the branches of the cervical and thoracic vagus nerves is observed, which is manifested by the variability of the structure, asymmetry of the topography of the recurrent laryngeal nerves, bronchial, esophageal and cardiac branches. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve departs from the left vagus nerve at the level of the inferior border of the aortic arch, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve departs from the right vagus nerve at the level of the right subclavian artery. The esophageal nervous plexus is formed by esophageal branches of the vagus nerves, which then forms mainly the posterior vagal trunk. The anterior vagal trunk is a direct continuation of the left vagus nerve branches. The innervation of the aortic arch involves the common cardiac trunk, which is formed by the superior cardiac branch and the superior cardiac nerve and also anastomoses both with vagus nerve and with recurrent laryngeal nerves.

Amblyopia holds the leading place in morbidity patterns and low vision in children. Its prevalence rate ranges from 2 to 5% [1]. Anisometropic amblyopia is one of the most compound amblyopia forms. The objective is to evaluate the efficacy of use of laser stimulation of retina and optic nerve in children with an anisometropic amblyopia. Application of scanning laser therapy resulted in change of the visual analyzer resolving power – the corrected visual acuity increased by 47% in patients with mild refractive amblyopia and by 31% - by patients with moderate degree. Also, the power of correcting glasses decreased, allowing to achieve maximum visual acuity by 29% and 12 % respectively. There was increase in accommodation reserves by 3.1 diopters and 1.8 diopters, respectively, as well as an improvement in 7-minute light sensitivity of photopic afferent system in patients with mild refractive amblyopia by 14.7% and with moderate degree – by 26.3%. There was an improvement of activity of fovea-cortical afferent system by 22% in patients with a mild degree and by 17% - in patients with moderate anisometropic amblyopia. The course of therapy resulted in the decrease in vascular tonic properties of anterior circulation (α/t) by 17%.

The article presents the findings concerning laser fluorescence as a method of early diagnosis of lesions of the renal epithelial tissue of laboratory animals in modeling experimental diabetes., Статья представляет данные, касающиеся лазерной флуоресценции, как метода ранней диагностики поражения эпителиальных тканей почек лабораторных животных при моделировании экспериментального сахарного диабета., У статті наведено можливості лазерної флуоресценції як методу ранньої діагностики ураження епітеліальної тканини нирок лабораторних тварин при моделюванні експериментального цукрового діабету.

Increasing the visual acuity of children with myopia is important. Magnetic fields (MFs) elicit strong local and common reactions from organs and receptors. They improve adaptive reactions and decrease pathological processes. The action of MFs on the organism depends on its age, functional state, and sensitivity. The goal of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of magnetopuncture and to simultaneously train the accommodative ability. We used magnetic tablets on acupuncture dots while teaching accommodation to children aged 7–16 years with myopia of slight (55%), middle (40%), or high (5%) degree. The course lasted 5–7 days. The uncorrected visual acuity in the group with slight myopia was increased from 0.4–0.6 to 0.85–1.00 in 85% of cases; in those with middle myopia it improved from 0.17–0.20 to 0.5 in 45% of cases. The achieved effect remained stable for the 2–3 months after treatment that we observed the children. The best results were in children with slight myopia.