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5 results on '"MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science"'

1. Seven Steps Toward More Transparency in Statistical Practice

Author

Casper J. Albers, Franziska A. Stanke, Štěpán Bahník, Jorge N. Tendeiro, Balazs Aczel, Alexandra Sarafoglou, David Moreau, Rink Hoekstra, Don van Ravenzwaaij, Noah van Dongen, Sil Aarts, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Aljaž Sluga, Johannes Algermissen, Psychometrics and Statistics, Research and Evaluation of Educational Effectiveness, RS: CAPHRI - R1 - Ageing and Long-Term Care, and Health Services Research

Subjects
MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, Social Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, Statistics as Topic, Acknowledgement, Behavioural sciences, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, TABLES, GRAPHS, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, Ethos, Behavioral Neuroscience, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics, Openness to experience, Statistical inference, Humans, Positive economics, Universalism, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Models, Statistical, Information Dissemination, Action, intention, and motor control, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics, Uncertainty, Common ground, Transparency (behavior), TRIALS, Research Design, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, Data Interpretation, Statistical, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, VISUALIZATION, Psychology
Abstract

We argue that statistical practice in the social and behavioural sciences benefits from transparency, a fair acknowledgement of uncertainty and openness to alternative interpretations. Here, to promote such a practice, we recommend seven concrete statistical procedures: (1) visualizing data; (2) quantifying inferential uncertainty; (3) assessing data preprocessing choices; (4) reporting multiple models; (5) involving multiple analysts; (6) interpreting results modestly; and (7) sharing data and code. We discuss their benefits and limitations, and provide guidelines for adoption. Each of the seven procedures finds inspiration in Merton's ethos of science as reflected in the norms of communalism, universalism, disinterestedness and organized scepticism. We believe that these ethical considerations-as well as their statistical consequences-establish common ground among data analysts, despite continuing disagreements about the foundations of statistical inference.Wagenmakers and colleagues describe seven statistical procedures that increase transparency in data analysis. These procedures highlight common ground among data analysts from different schools and find inspiration in Merton's ethos of science.

Published
2021

2. Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty

Author

Breznau, Nate, Rinke, Eike Mark, Wuttke, Alexander, Nguyen, Hung H. V., Adem, Muna, Adriaans, Jule, Alvarez-Benjumea, Amalia, Andersen, Henrik K., Auer, Daniel, Azevedo, Flavio, Bahnsen, Oke, Schlueter, Elmar, Schmidt, Regine, Schmidt, Katja M., Schmidt-Catran, Alexander, Schmiedeberg, Claudia, Schneider, Jürgen, Schoonvelde, Martijn, Schulte-Cloos, Julia, Schumann, Sandy, Bauer, Paul C., Christmann, Pablo, Schunck, Reinhard, Schupp, Jürgen, Seuring, Julian, Silber, Henning, Sleegers, Willem, Sonntag, Nico, Staudt, Alexander, Steiber, Nadia, Steiner, Nils, Sternberg, Sebastian, Connelly, Roxanne, Baumann, Markus, Stiers, Dieter, Stojmenovska, Dragana, Storz, Nora, Striessnig, Erich, Stroppe, Anne-Kathrin, Teltemann, Janna, Tibajev, Andrey, Tung, Brian, Vagni, Giacomo, Czymara, Christian S., Van Assche, Jasper, Baute, Sharon, van der Linden, Meta, van der Noll, Jolanda, Van Hootegem, Arno, Vogtenhuber, Stefan, Voicu, Bogdan, Wagemans, Fieke, Wehl, Nadja, Werner, Hannah, Damian, Elena, Wiernik, Brenton M., Winter, Fabian, Benoit, Verena, Wolf, Christof, Yamada, Yuki, Zhang, Nan, Ziller, Conrad, Zins, Stefan, Żółtak, Tomasz, Bernauer, Julian, Ecker, Alejandro, Berning, Carl, Berthold, Anna, Bethke, Felix S., Biegert, Thomas, Blinzler, Katharina, Blumenberg, Johannes N., Bobzien, Licia, Bohman, Andrea, Bol, Thijs, Bostic, Amie, Edelmann, Achim, Brzozowska, Zuzanna, Burgdorf, Katharina, Burger, Kaspar, Busch, Kathrin B., Carlos-Castillo, Juan, Chan, Nathan, Eger, Maureen A., Ellerbrock, Simon, Forke, Anna, Forster, Andrea, Micheli, Leticia, Gaasendam, Chris, Gavras, Konstantin, Gayle, Vernon, Gessler, Theresa, Gnambs, Timo, Godefroidt, Amélie, Grömping, Max, Groß, Martin, Gruber, Stefan, Gummer, Tobias, Mijs, Jonathan, Hadjar, Andreas, Heisig, Jan Paul, Hellmeier, Sebastian, Heyne, Stefanie, Hirsch, Magdalena, Hjerm, Mikael, Hochman, Oshrat, Hövermann, Andreas, Hunger, Sophia, Hunkler, Christian, Moya, Cristóbal, Huth, Nora, Ignácz, Zsófia S., Jacobs, Laura, Jacobsen, Jannes, Jaeger, Bastian, Jungkunz, Sebastian, Jungmann, Nils, Kauff, Mathias, Kleinert, Manuel, Klinger, Julia, Neunhoeffer, Marcel, Kolb, Jan-Philipp, Kołczyńska, Marta, Kuk, John, Kunißen, Katharina, Kurti Sinatra, Dafina, Langenkamp, Alexander, Lersch, Philipp M., Löbel, Lea-Maria, Lutscher, Philipp, Mader, Matthias, Nüst, Daniel, Madia, Joan E., Malancu, Natalia, Maldonado, Luis, Marahrens, Helge, Martin, Nicole, Martinez, Paul, Mayerl, Jochen, Mayorga, Oscar J., McManus, Patricia, McWagner, Kyle, Nygård, Olav, Meeusen, Cecil, Meierrieks, Daniel, Mellon, Jonathan, Merhout, Friedolin, Merk, Samuel, Meyer, Daniel, Ochsenfeld, Fabian, Otte, Gunnar, Pechenkina, Anna O., Prosser, Christopher, Balzer, Dave, Raes, Louis, Ralston, Kevin, Ramos, Miguel R., Roets, Arne, Rogers, Jonathan, Ropers, Guido, Samuel, Robin, Sand, Gregor, Schachter, Ariela, Schaeffer, Merlin, Bauer, Gerrit, Schieferdecker, David, Massey, Douglas, Institutions, Inequalities, and Life courses (IIL, AISSR, FMG), Leadership and Management (ABS, FEB), Department of Social Psychology, Research Group: Economics, Department of Economics, Breznau, Nate [0000-0003-4983-3137], Rinke, Eike Mark [0000-0002-5330-7634], Wuttke, Alexander [0000-0002-9579-5357], Nguyen, Hung HV [0000-0001-9496-6217], Adriaans, Jule [0000-0001-7782-505X], Alvarez-Benjumea, Amalia [0000-0002-5829-2099], Andersen, Henrik K [0000-0001-6842-5337], Auer, Daniel [0000-0003-4454-2365], Azevedo, Flavio [0000-0001-9000-8513], Bahnsen, Oke [0000-0003-3198-2804], Balzer, Dave [0000-0001-8345-7169], Bauer, Gerrit [0000-0002-3682-8323], Bauer, Paul C [0000-0002-8382-9724], Benoit, Verena [0000-0002-8596-9202], Bernauer, Julian [0000-0001-5699-5543], Berthold, Anna [0000-0002-1017-5731], Bethke, Felix S [0000-0002-4259-6071], Biegert, Thomas [0000-0001-5437-2561], Bohman, Andrea [0000-0001-8335-9235], Bol, Thijs [0000-0001-9509-8423], Bostic, Amie [0000-0002-9809-5014], Burger, Kaspar [0000-0001-5582-7062], Busch, Kathrin B [0000-0002-6951-0776], Carlos-Castillo, Juan [0000-0003-1265-7854], Christmann, Pablo [0000-0003-0458-9572], Connelly, Roxanne [0000-0002-3886-1506], Czymara, Christian S [0000-0002-9535-3559], Damian, Elena [0000-0002-3776-6988], Edelmann, Achim [0000-0001-8293-674X], Eger, Maureen A [0000-0001-9023-7316], Ellerbrock, Simon [0000-0002-9099-1420], Forster, Andrea [0000-0002-5201-1452], Gavras, Konstantin [0000-0002-9222-0101], Gayle, Vernon [0000-0002-1929-5983], Gessler, Theresa [0000-0003-2339-6266], Gnambs, Timo [0000-0002-6984-1276], Godefroidt, Amélie [0000-0002-5010-2860], Grömping, Max [0000-0003-1488-4436], Gruber, Stefan [0000-0002-3459-421X], Gummer, Tobias [0000-0001-6469-7802], Hadjar, Andreas [0000-0002-2641-010X], Heisig, Jan Paul [0000-0001-8228-1907], Hellmeier, Sebastian [0000-0002-9423-7150], Heyne, Stefanie [0000-0002-1546-9421], Hirsch, Magdalena [0000-0002-9709-9259], Hochman, Oshrat [0000-0002-4941-0815], Hövermann, Andreas [0000-0002-6774-6128], Hunger, Sophia [0000-0002-3859-5674], Hunkler, Christian [0000-0002-1632-9834], Huth, Nora [0000-0002-1651-9101], Ignácz, Zsófia S [0000-0002-2288-5757], Jacobs, Laura [0000-0001-5094-3531], Jacobsen, Jannes [0000-0003-4358-0458], Jaeger, Bastian [0000-0002-4398-9731], Jungkunz, Sebastian [0000-0003-1040-8635], Jungmann, Nils [0000-0001-8849-8373], Kauff, Mathias [0000-0003-3803-3521], Klinger, Julia [0000-0001-8120-5785], Kolb, Jan-Philipp [0000-0001-6982-2115], Kołczyńska, Marta [0000-0003-4981-0437], Kunißen, Katharina [0000-0002-8330-6392], Kurti Sinatra, Dafina [0000-0001-7268-661X], Langenkamp, Alexander [0000-0002-3359-7179], Lersch, Philipp M [0000-0003-3863-8301], Löbel, Lea-Maria [0000-0002-1541-6514], Lutscher, Philipp [0000-0001-6176-7297], Mader, Matthias [0000-0002-4593-2392], Madia, Joan E [0000-0001-8398-8859], Maldonado, Luis [0000-0002-0028-4766], Marahrens, Helge [0000-0002-1729-9104], Martinez, Paul [0000-0002-7041-4466], Mayerl, Jochen [0000-0002-4599-9976], Mayorga, Oscar J [0000-0002-5299-8955], McManus, Patricia [0000-0003-0954-4517], Meierrieks, Daniel [0000-0003-2058-8385], Mellon, Jonathan [0000-0001-6754-203X], Merhout, Friedolin [0000-0003-3703-7651], Merk, Samuel [0000-0003-2594-5337], Meyer, Daniel [0000-0002-1057-6498], Micheli, Leticia [0000-0003-0066-8222], Mijs, Jonathan [0000-0002-7895-0028], Moya, Cristóbal [0000-0002-7176-4775], Nüst, Daniel [0000-0002-0024-5046], Nygård, Olav [0000-0003-2272-8150], Otte, Gunnar [0000-0001-7025-2543], Pechenkina, Anna O [0000-0002-7934-9832], Prosser, Christopher [0000-0002-2992-8190], Raes, Louis [0000-0003-2640-7493], Ralston, Kevin [0000-0003-4344-7120], Roets, Arne [0000-0001-5814-1189], Rogers, Jonathan [0000-0002-0039-608X], Ropers, Guido [0000-0001-5069-2699], Samuel, Robin [0000-0002-7598-197X], Sand, Gregor [0000-0002-4475-0757], Schachter, Ariela [0000-0002-7404-4140], Schaeffer, Merlin [0000-0003-1969-8974], Schieferdecker, David [0000-0003-2376-0929], Schlueter, Elmar [0000-0003-3880-4111], Schmidt, Katja M [0000-0003-3695-1054], Schmidt-Catran, Alexander [0000-0002-9485-6314], Schmiedeberg, Claudia [0000-0002-6015-0460], Schneider, Jürgen [0000-0002-3772-4198], Schoonvelde, Martijn [0000-0003-4370-2654], Schumann, Sandy [0000-0002-0900-5356], Schunck, Reinhard [0000-0002-8185-8919], Schupp, Jürgen [0000-0001-5273-643X], Seuring, Julian [0000-0001-5567-596X], Silber, Henning [0000-0002-3568-3257], Sleegers, Willem [0000-0001-9058-3817], Sonntag, Nico [0000-0001-9951-9117], Steiber, Nadia [0000-0002-9425-8840], Steiner, Nils [0000-0003-3433-4079], Stiers, Dieter [0000-0001-7242-8477], Stojmenovska, Dragana [0000-0002-9805-7229], Storz, Nora [0000-0001-5262-4024], Striessnig, Erich [0000-0001-5419-9498], Stroppe, Anne-Kathrin [0000-0002-1251-9235], Teltemann, Janna [0000-0003-0329-3104], Tibajev, Andrey [0000-0001-7348-1632], Tung, Brian [0000-0003-2630-6115], Van Assche, Jasper [0000-0002-2570-2928], van der Noll, Jolanda [0000-0001-7929-466X], Van Hootegem, Arno [0000-0002-9559-8038], Vogtenhuber, Stefan [0000-0003-0839-4481], Voicu, Bogdan [0000-0002-2221-2499], Winter, Fabian [0000-0002-4838-4504], Wolf, Christof [0000-0002-9364-9524], Yamada, Yuki [0000-0003-1431-568X], Ziller, Conrad [0000-0002-2282-636X], Żółtak, Tomasz [0000-0003-1354-4472], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Data Analysis, IDEAS, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, researcher degrees of freedom, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, Social Policy, PREFERENCES, Outcome (game theory), Inequality, cohesion and modernization, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, Credibility, SUPPORT, Soziologie, Sozialwissenschaften, HA Statistics, Ongelijkheid, cohesie en modernisering, uncertainty, Reliability (statistics), media_common, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Multidisciplinary, analytical flexibility, Uncertainty, Ambiguity, Variance (accounting), immigration and policy preferences, Research Personnel, Test (assessment), bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, ddc:300, Annan samhällsvetenskap, crowdsourcing, Psychology, noise, H Social Sciences (General), Process (engineering), bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, media_common.quotation_subject, Politikwissenschaft, metascience, many analysts, researcher degrees of freedom, analytical flexibility, immigration and policy preferences, Crowdsourcing, metascience, many analysts, REDISTRIBUTION, WELFARE-STATE, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, 320 Political science, Humans, Sociologi (exklusive socialt arbete, socialpsykologi och socialantropologi), Other Social Sciences, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, business.industry, Sociology (excluding Social Work, Social Psychology and Social Anthropology), Reproducibility of Results, Tvärvetenskapliga studier inom samhällsvetenskap, Data science, IMMIGRATION, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, meta- science, ddc:000, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Social Sciences Interdisciplinary, 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften, business, ANALYSTS
Abstract

This study explores how researchers' analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers' expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each team's workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers' results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings. ispartof: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA vol:119 issue:44 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2022
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3. A visualized overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on low-carbon built environments: An evidence review map

Author

Anir Kumar Upadhyay, Faustino De La Peña Suarez, Shinichi Nakagawa, Komali Yenneti, Mattheos Santamouris, Bhavesh Taunk, Gihan Samarasinghe, and Malgorzata Lagisz

Subjects
bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Other Medicine and Health Sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, Urban planning, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, Urbanization, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Quality (business), Built environment, media_common, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, MetaArXiv|Medicine and Health Sciences|Other Medicine and Health Sciences, Information technology, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences, MetaArXiv|Medicine and Health Sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Data science, MetaArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Systematic review, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Carbon footprint, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Sharing of key evidence on strategies for reducing resources consumption and lowering carbon footprint is essential to alleviating risks of increasing urbanization, population growth and looming climate change impacts. However, finding scientifically robust research and distilling knowledge to draw confident conclusions in a reasonable timeframe is challenging due to the sheer volume of rapidly accumulating research evidence. Primary evidence is aggregated in secondary studies, i.e. various types of reviews, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the number of secondary studies is also growing rapidly and their quality varies. This work presents the first systematic review of secondary studies which were claimed to be systematic reviews or meta-analyses of literature relevant to reducing carbon footprint of the built environment or its co-benefits (e.g., health and well-being). The resulting searchable and updatable database contains 131 reviews published between 2001 and early 2018. Importantly, the quality of the included reviews was assessed and categorized. The database is available via a dedicated website which includes interactive visualizations and filtering tools. In its current form, the interactive map and database can help discovery and appraisal of secondary evidence for decision-making and research use, supporting transition to low carbon future. This overview aimed to reveal trends and patterns, including gaps, in the publications of research syntheses relevant to sustainable built environment. The results showed that the number of reviews claiming to by systematic reviews or meta-analyses is rapidly increasing in recent years. However, the exact methodology used and the standard of adherence to methodological and reporting guidelines varies widely among reviews. The included reviews span different disciplines, such as environmental sciences, engineering, urban planning, public health, and social sciences. The first authors from USA, UK and Australia contributed the most relevant reviews. Health and well-being, along with closely related environment and nature, are currently the best synthesized subject areas, while there are still very few included reviews related to policy, economy or information technology, indicating synthesis gaps in these areas. Our analysis reveals the lack of standardized definitions of different types of research syntheses across disciplines, as well as poor reporting quality of research syntheses. We encourage detailed descriptions of methods, providing datasets and interactive visualizations as integral components of the future systematic reviews and evidence maps.

Published
2019
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4. MEASUREMENT AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY RESPONSE BIAS IN EXPERIMENTAL VIGNETTE RESARCH: A TEST OF FAZIO’S MODE THEORY

Author

Stolte, John

Subjects
MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Methodology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognitive Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Political Economy, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Politics and Social Change, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Family, Life Course, and Society, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Legal Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Behavioral Economics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Behavioral Economics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Criminology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Health Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Social Psychology and Interaction, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Legal Studies, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Race, Gender, and Class, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Health Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Civic and Community Engagement, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Leadership Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Social Psychology and Interaction, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Sociology of Culture, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics|Political Economy, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Leadership Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognitive Psychology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Aging and the Life Course, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Inequality and Stratification, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Crime, Law, and Deviance, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Political Sociology
Abstract

BACKGROUND. Experimental vignette research methods have been used to study a diverse range of theoretical and practical issues. Vignettes are designed to create hypothetical cultural/normative contexts for the study of variation in self-reported attitudes. A key problem in such research, however, is potential social desirability response bias. METHOD. A vignette experimental test of an hypothesis derived from a dual-process theory (the MODE framework initially developed by Fazio) linking explicit vs. implicit self-reported attitude measurement and social desirability response bias is reported here. RESULTS. The data show that measuring the social approval of a central vignette character explicitly results in greater social desirability responding than measuring such approval implicitly, supporting MODE theory. CONCLUSIONS. Vignette research methodologies provide a rich, flexible toolkit for studying many important social psychological topics, including issues of inequality and equity. However, researchers can and should design a measurement strategy that carefully manages inferences drawn in light of conditions likely to produce social desirability response bias.

Published
2021
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5. Toward More Transparency in Statistical Practice

Author

Wagenmakers , Eric-Jan, Aarts, Sil, Van Ravenzwaaij , Don, Aczel , Balazs, Sarafoglou , Alexandra, Bahník , Štěpán, Albers , Casper, Algermissen , Johannes, Moreau , David, Hoekstra , Rink, Van Dongen , Noah, Stanke , Franziska, Sluga , Aljaž, and Tendeiro , Jorge

Subjects
bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics
Abstract

We explore the promise of statistical reform by starting from the assumption that most researchers would endorse Mertons ethos of science as reflected in the four norms of communalism, universalism, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism. Translated to data analysis, these norms imply a need for transparency, a fair acknowledgement of uncertainty, and openness to alternative interpretations. We discuss seven statistical procedures, both old and new, that we believe can positively impact statistical practice in the social and behavioral sciences.

Published
2021

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