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The aim of this study is to achieve a comparative analysis of the cow livestock number, production of milk and of main dairy products in Romania and European Union. The work is an extensive bibliographic documentation with the application of statistical tests for the period 2017-2021. At European Union level the herd of dairy cows is in decreasing with 5.63% and in Romania with 7.95%, from 1175.4 thousand heads in 2017 to 1081.9 thousand heads in 2021. The largest amount of raw milk available on the farm in 2021 belongs to Germany which records 32531.56 thousand tons, approx. 21% of the total quantity at EU level. In 2021 compared with 2017, the Europeans consumed with 3.91% less fresh dairy products and with approx. 5% more cheese. In the future, will be exploit more productive animals, making cow rearing a part of solutions in food crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the productive performances of the ascendants and descendants of the cows' herd belonging to the 4 basic breeds were analyzed, as follows: Holstein, Băl?ată cu negru românească (Romanian Black Spotted), Băl?ată românească (Romanian Spotted), and Brună de Maramure? (Maramures Bown), from 7 farms of Neam? county, which were encoded with numbers from 1 to 7. For the analysis of the ascendants' performances - mother (M), paternal grandmother (MT), and maternal grandmother (MM) - and of the offspring' performance, 3 indicators were determined regarding the milk production: the quantity per normal lactation (kg), the percent of fat, and the percent of protein. It was found that the best milk production in normal lactation of offspring was recorded in farm 2 (6161.25 kg), where a mixed herd of Holstein and Băl?ată cu negru românească breeds is raised. If we compare the phenotypic performances of the ascendants (mother of mother - MM), which realized an average milk production of 7205.44 kg, with the father's mother (MT) of 11.931 kg, and the mother's mother (MM) of 7949.83 kg we confirm that the phenotypic performance for the milk production in the offspring does not reach the level of those obtained by ancestry. This fact is due to management deficiency regarding the external factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the quality of milk production was analyzed in dairy cattle herds from 7 farms in Neamț County. For this, data from accredited associations were used to perform their own performance control (CPP), respectively the Association of Animal Breeders "Operator IA" Neamț, the Association of Cattle Breeders from Mureș County, as well as the date from the Genealogical Register. The quality of milk was assessed according to the seven specific indicators, as follows: somatic cell number (NCS), fat percentage (G%), protein percentage (P%), lactose proportion (L%), proportion of urea (U%), proportion of casein (C%) and the pH of the milk.The average daily milk production produced by the cows on these farms was also calculated (kg/head/day). The breeds raised on these farms are:Bălțată cu Negru Românească (BNR), Holstein, Brună de Maramureș and Bălțată Românească (BR). The best results of milk quality were obtained in Brună de Maramureș cows from farm 5 or Secuieni Neamț Agricultural Research and Development Station, the average values of the specific indicators on milk quality were as follows: NCS thousand / ml - 157.64, fat (%) -4.64, protein (%) - 3.73, lactose (%) -4.84, urea (%)-23.37casein (%) -28.78, pH - 6.60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the evolution of cattle numbers and production obtained in Neam? County during between 2010-2018. In carrying out this work, we have used statistical data provided by the Directorate for Agriculture and Rural Development, the County Animal Husbandry Office and the Association of Animal Breeders "Operator A.I.". The analysis was carried out within two forms of property: population households and companies and private associations. The following were found: the population households registered a decrease in the number of cattle (ca. 15%) and in the average milk production (ca. 20%), while the companies and private associations had an increase in the cattle population by 44.4% and in the average milk production by 21%. With regard to meat production, the average weight for slaughter increased from 339 kg/head in 2010 to 451 kg/head in 2018, the share being 33.12%. The study found an improvement of the main indicators (cattle number and production) only in the holdings that have at least 40-50 heads compared to the holdings with 1-2 heads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the work was to make a comparative research on the feeding of calves. The research was conducted in dairy farm Agroserv Mairut, Ialomita county. The farm has more then 1000 dairy cows that produce 35 litres per day. All there production is register in a program that help employees to manage all dairy process. The animals in the experiment belong to the Holstein breed. It was selected 30 animals and was formed two experimental groups (each group with 15 animals). The first group received a classic feeding scheme, and group 2 a scheme based on super-intensive feeding. From the statistical analysis it was observed that between groups the differences are significant, respectively 15 kg live weight.Monitoring of body weight is very important because the introduction theyoung females of reproduction is done at 70-75% of the average weight of the breed at the age of adult. On the other hand, early introduction to reproduction reduces the non-productive period of the animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper presents the original results regarding a software programme for production and reproduction data management in dairy farms, used also in the accounting department and in the genetic breeding of bovine herds. A management system database - SGBD - which assures the independence of logical correlations between dates and their minimum redundancy - was used for this purpose. This provided a fast development and a cost-effective use of application programmes for data exploring from a complex structure and also fast access to the dates, providing them a very good security. Therefore, SGBD is an assembly of programmes which allow the users to interact with a database, designed for large amounts of information, whose management requires not only a rigorous structure but also a rational access and processing. The programme called “C.O.P & R.G” was designed and developed at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Iaşi, Romania and addresses to farmers and units dealing with accounting and improving the milk production of dairy cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sura de Stepa breed, which is on the verge of extinction, has been included in a preservation programme for animal genetic resources (H.G. nr. 822/2008), being raised in a reduced nucleus at S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu, Iasi. Researches were carried out on a number of 30 Sura de Stepa cows, focused on: milk production indicators by successive lactations, genetic determinism at the studied characters and at main lacto-proteins systems, the improvement value of breeding. The quantity of milk per normal lactation at Sura de Stepa population from S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu Iasi, has an upward evolution from 1589.64 kg in the first lactation to 2535.43 kg in the fifth lactation which is also the maximum one. First lactation represents 62.69% from maximum lactation, a value which highlighting the tardiness of Sura de Stepa breed in terms of milk production. Heritability analysis of the studied indicators show medium values for the quantity of milk and fat respectively a hereditary influence greater than h2 = 0.71% for percentage of milk fat and h2 = 0.57% for kappa-casein (K-cz) from milk. Lacto-proteins systems, beta-lacto globulin (β-lg), betacasein (β-cz), alpha-casein S1 (αS1-cz), have a low to intermediate heritability (0.19 to 0.29%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was carried out on a number of 30 Sură de Stepă cows raised in semi-intensive stalling at S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu, Iasi. On this nucleus we studied the main lacto-proteins systems and the correlations with milk production indicators. At Sura de Stepă breed were identified alleles for the six loci codifying the six types of major milk proteins (α S1-cz; β-cz; K-cz; β-lg; α-la; α S2-cz). In the system αS1-cz allele αs1-Cn B has the greatest frequency (0.700), in the system β-cz allele α-Cn A2 (0.550), in the system K-cz allele k-CnA2 (0.583) and heterozygous genotype AB (0.416) respectively BB (0.375), in the system β-lg allele β-lgA1 has the greatest frequency (0.542) and heterozygous genotype AB (0.500), in the system α-la could be found a mono-morphism for allele α-la B and similar in the system αS2-cz for allele αs2-Cn A. Kappa-casein (K-cz) is positive and strongly correlated with fat % respectively protein % (rp = 0.58-0.77, rg = 0.67-0.83, rm = 0.64-0.87). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]