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Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti celoten proces proizvodne verige ter njenih sestavnih delov. Hkrati sta podrobno prikazani A-B-C in X-Y-Z analizi, prva je uporabljena tudi na primeru elektronik iz podjetja Gorenje d. o. o. V nalogi so opisani načini naročanja gospodarnih količin, med drugim naročanje ob signalni zalogi, naročanje v fiksnih časovnih intervalih, naročanje glede na potrebe in naročanje ob upoštevanju količinskih popustov. Prav tako je opisana pomembnost dobavnih verig ter njihov vpliv na uspešnost podjetja. Ker podjetje Gorenje uporablja računalniško podporo SAP, sem na kratko predstavil tudi to. V praktičnem delu je prikazana ideja o optimizaciji zaloge elektronik ter problem hitre zastarelosti nekaterih vrst materiala. The aim of the following diploma work is to present the whole process of the production chain and its components. A-B-C and X-Y-Z analyzes are shown in detail, the first being also used in the case of electronics used in company Gorenje d. o. o. The diploma work describes ways of ordering economical quantities, including ordering at the signal stock, ordering at fixed time intervals, ordering according to the needs and ordering with quantity discounts. The importance of supply chains and their impact on the company performance are also described. Because company Gorenje uses IT support from SAP, I shortly described it too. The practical part shows the idea of optimizing the stock of electronics and the problem of rapid obsolescence of certain types of material.

V diplomskem delu sem predstavil nabavno poslovanje in marketinški splet. Praktični del diplomske naloge sem opravil v sodelovanju s podjetjem Fortis Maribor, d. o. o. V praktičnem delu sem opisal sistem nabave v podjetju ter opravil ABC analizo in XYZ analizo za nabavljene materiale v preteklem letu. Dobljene rezultate sem ovrednotil in predlagal možne rešitve. Z opisanim marketinškim spletom podjetja sem opozoril na prednosti in slabosti, ki jih ima podjetje na tem področju. The diploma introduces the purchase business and the marketing mix. The empirical part of the diploma, describing the company’s purchase system and introducing the ABC and XYZ analysis for purchased materials within the last year, has been realized in cooperation with the company Fortis Maribor, d. o. o. After evaluating the data, possible solutions have been given. By describing the company’s marketing mix, the company’s advantages and weaknesses in the field of its purchase system have been pointed out.

Sodelovanje je nujno na vseh področjih delovanja, tudi na poslovnem področju. Za vzpostavitev dolgoročnega sodelovanja je potrebno veliko truda, med drugim tudi pogajanj. V poslovnem svetu so pogajanja zelo pomembna, saj je od njih lahko odvisno poslovanje celotnega podjetja ali organizacije. Za uspešnost pogajanj in posledično doseganje zastavljenih ciljev je treba upoštevati veliko dejavnikov. Ti dejavniki so upoštevanje bontona, etike in morale, pogajalčeve osebnostne lastnosti, priprave na pogajanja, medkulturna pogajanja itd. Pogajanja lahko uporabimo ob različnih priložnostih na primer za doseganje dogovora o cenah ali pogojih, za razreševanje konfliktov in podobno. Cooperation is necessary in all areas of operations, including the bussiness area. For establishing a long term coorperation, much effort is required, including negotiations. Negotiations in the business world are very important and can afect the bussines activities of entire company or organisation. In order for negotiations to be successful and to achieve the goals that have been set, we have to take into account a lot of negotiation factors. These factors are good manners, ethics, morals, personality traits, preparation for negotiations, intercultural negotiations and more. Negotiations have multiple options of aplication, they can be used for price fixing, determining conditions, conflict resolution, and more.

Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se tematikom važnosti strateškog, taktičkog i operativnog upravljanja nabavom korištenjem menadžmentskih alata kako bi se postigli najbolji, najekonomičniji i financijski što uspješniji poslovni rezultati koji određuju konkurentnost i budućnost svakog poduzeća. Nabava, kao jedan od ključnih elemenata procesa funkcioniranja poduzeća, diktira poslovanje i izravno utječe na sve sudionike, kritične točke procesa, kvalitetu krajnjeg proizvoda i položaj na tržištu te samim time određuje poslovni smjer organizacije. Operativno, strateško i taktičko upravljanje zahtijeva pravodobne informacije, strukturnu organiziranost i povezanost svih poslovnih funkcija uz primjenu raznih alata koji služe kao podloga za odlučivanje. U radu se teorija vezana uz temu nabave potkrjepljuje primjerom funkcioniranja i upravljanja nabavom u poduzeću „XX“ te se provodi anketno istraživanje na djelatnicima u sektoru nabave s ciljem dokazivanja hipoteza rada. This thesis is concerned with the importance of strategic, tactical and operative purchase management in order to achieve the best, most economical and financially successful goals, which determine the competitiveness and the future of each company. Purchase, being one of the key elements in the functioning of a company, dictates the business operations of a company and directly influences its stakeholders, the critical points in the process, the quality of the final product and its status on the market, and determines the business direction of the organization. Operative, strategic and tactical management requires timely information, structural organization and the coherence of all business functions, as well as the use of a variety of tools supporting the decision- making process. In this thesis, theoretical explanations related to purchase are illustrated by an example of purchase functioning and management in “XX” company. Additionally, a survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted on a sample including purchasing employees in order to confirm the hypotheses of the thesis.

Nabava v današnje čase predstavlja eno izmed najbolj pomembnih funkcij v vsakem podjetju. Njena temeljna naloga je preskrba podjetja s surovinami, izdelavnim materialom, storitvami, energijo, pomožnim materialom, pa tudi s stroji, napravami itd. Glede na število avtomobilov na cestah v današnjem času je tema mojega diplomskega projekta zelo zanimiva. Zato je za njih je zelo pomembna ustrezna oprema. Tako podjetje Vulkanizerstvo TDS skrbi za sigurnost svojih strank pri upravljanju avtomobilov. Namen mojega diplomskega projekta je predstaviti in prikazati kaj sploh je nabavno poslovanje ter v teoretičnem delu diplomskega projekta prikazati nabavni proces pnevmatik v podjetju Vulaknizerstvo TDS. Konkurenca na trgu s enakimi proizvodi in storitvami kot se izbrano podjetje ukvarja je zelo velika. Zato je za podjetje zelo pomembno da za svoje odjemalce omogoči najboljše pnevmatike in platišča. Cilj diplomskega projekta je z pomočjo ustrezne literature dopolnit določeno znanje glede nabave, ki ga že imam, kot tudi spoznati kako nabava deluje v stvarnem svetu. Cilj mi je tudi preučit nabavne procese v izbranem podjetju in tako povezati določeno znanje iz teorije v praktične izkušnje. Purchasing today is one of the most important function in every company. Her basic order is to take care of company for all kinds of materials, services, energy, auxiliary materials, as well as machines and devices. According to the number of cars on the roads today, is the theme of my graduating project very interesting. So suitable equipment is in this case very important. In this case, company Vulkanizerstvo TDS worries for the safety of its customers when they are driving. The purpose of my graduation project is to present and illustrated what is it at all the purchasing and in the theoretical part of the graduating project demonstrated the purchase process of tires in the company Vulkanizerstvo TDS. Competition on the market with the same products and services as the selected company offers it ¨s very big. Therefore, it is very important for the company to enabling the best tires and wheels for its customers. With the help of relevant literature, the goal of my graduating project is to completed certain knowledge about the purchase I already have, as well as get to know how purchasing works in the real world. One of the my goals is also to consider purchasing processes in a selected company and so like that connect certain knowledge from the theory which I have in a practical experience.

U ovom završnom radu prikazani je dizel motorni vlak serije 7121 koji se koristi na neelektrificiranim prugama, a ponajviše u sjeverozapadnom dijelu Republike Hrvatske. U uvodnom dijelu općenito su opisane neke njegove najvažnije značajke, tehnički podaci i vitalni dijelovi sa slikama i shemama samog DMV-a. Ukratko je opisan princip rada te postupci koje strojno osoblje vrši kod nekih manjih tehničkih neispravnosti. Zatim smo se dotaknuli samog održavanja pojedinačno za pojedine dijelove i sklopove te provjerama funkcionalnosti pojedinih uređaja i sklopova. Na kraju je opisano održavanje kočnica i kočnih dijelova posebno za svaku reviziju kočnica te postupci nabave vitalnih dijelova i potrebnih sirovina za održavanje i korištenje vlakova kao i njihovo skladištenje. In this final work is shown the diesel engine train series 7121, which is used on non-electrified lines and mostly in the northwestern part of the republic of Croatia. The introductory section generally describes some of its most important features, technical data and vital parts of the images and schemas of the DMT itself. Briefly is described the principle of work and the procedures that machine personnel perform with some minor technical malfunctions. Then we have touched the individual maintenance for individual parts and circuits as well as checking the functionality of some devices and assemblies. In the end, braking and brake components are maintained especially for each brake audit and the procedures for purchasing vital parts and the necessary raw materials for the maintenance and use of trains as well as their storage.

Predmet proučavanja ovog završnog rada je proces nabave i funkcija menadžmenta u nabavnom procesu trgovinskog poduzeća. Cilj završnog rada je opisati ulogu menadžmenta u upravljanju procesom nabave u trgovinskom poduzeću, te na praktičnom primjeru opisati posljedice menadžerskih odluka vezanih uz nabavne procese trgovinskog poduzeća. Korištene su metode analize i sinteze pomoću kojih dobivamo uvid u pojmove i elemente koje čine cjelinu. Zatim je korištena metoda slučaja kojom se detaljno analiziraju obilježja promatranog slučaja. Rad se sastoji od 5 cjelina u kojima je riječ o nabavi, menadžerima, menadžmentu u nabavi, skladištenju i ostalim pojmovima koji su usko vezani za menadžment u procesu nabave.Na kraju rada nastoji se pobliže predočiti menadžerska odgovornost u funkciji nabave trgovinskog poduzeća, na primjeru tvrtke Alles d.o.o. koja se bavi veleprodajom i maloprodajom elektromaterijalom The main topic this study is the purchase process and management function in purchase process off a trading company. The aim of this closing study is describing the role of managementwhile managing the purchase process in a trading company and to show on the example of good practice the consequences of managing decisionsrelated to purchase processes at the same trading company. Analysis and synthesis methods were used to give us insight to conceptsand items which make totality. Furthermore, the case method was used for detail analysis of specific case’s characteristics. The work was divided into five units that deal with purchase, managers, purchase management, storage and otherterms concerning management in purchase process.Atthe end of this study the goal is to point out the manager’s responsibility in purchase function of trading company on the example of Alles d.o.o. (Alles Ltd.) company’s work whose business is wholesale and retail of electro material.

Vstopamo v novo, naprednejšo dobo trženja. Vsak dan hitreje potujemo nasproti svetovni ekonomiji, ki ji zaradi uspešnega poslovanja in konkurence moramo vztrajno slediti. V zadnjih letih postaja vedno pomembnejša nabavna funkcija. Njen prispevek k uspešnemu poslovnemu rezultatu je čedalje večji. Nabava v podjetju predstavlja večino stroškov. Če nabavne odločitve sprejemamo racionalno, to za podjetje pomeni zmanjšanje stroškov in posledično povečanje prihodka. Prav tako pa napreduje tudi tehnologija. Iz vsakodnevne papirnate dokumentacije smo prešli na elektronsko. Elektronsko poslovanje od podjetja tako zahteva, da se prilagodi novim razsežnostim in se tako vključi v sodobno obliko poslovanja. V diplomskem projektu nas je zanimalo, kako poteka elektronsko poslovanje v nabavi v poslovalnici podjetja Loterija Slovenije. V prvem delu smo opredelili nabavo, opisali njene naloge in predstavili faze nabavnega procesa. Kasneje smo pojasnili, kaj je to elektronsko poslovanje, ga razčlenili in izpostavili najpomembnejše standarde e-poslovanja. V praktičnem delu smo na podlagi intervjuja z vodjo poslovalnice gospo Tjašo Štraus opisali potek nabave in ga s slikovnim gradivom tudi prikazali. We are entering a new, more advanced marketing area. Every day, faster with light speed, we are travelling towards the world economy, which, due to more successful business and competition, we should follow. In recent years, the purchasing function has become increasingly important. Its contribution to a successful business result is growing. Purchasing in company represents almost all costs. If purchasing decisions are taken rationally, this means a reduction in cost or an increase in revenue for company. Also advanced is technology. From everyday paperwork we switched to electronics. So e-business requires the company to adapt to the new dimensions and integrate into a modern form of business. In the graduation project, we were interested in how electronic business is being purchased in the Lottery Slovenia branch office. In the first part, we defined purchase, described what its tasks are and presented the stages od the purchase process. Later, we explained what e-business was, broken it up and highlighted the most important e-business standards. In the practical part, we took and interview with the head of the branch, described the course of the purchase in the company and also presented it with pictures.

V današnjem času ima nabava eno najpomembnejših vlog v podjetju. Brez ustrezno urejene nabave proizvodnja ne more dolgoročno uspešno poslovati, zato ji posamezna podjetja dajejo vedno več poudarka. Zaradi različnih vplivov družbe, predvsem informacijskega in tehnološkega napredka, se je v času obstoja podjetja Talum nabavna funkcija velikokrat preoblikovala. Tako trenutno ne nastopa kot samostojna poslovna funkcija, ampak deluje pod okriljem uprave, natančneje pod strateško komercialo. Nowadays, supplies purchase holds one of the crucial roles for an enterprise. With no sufficient and well organised supply of materials the production cannot stay in business successfully and for a longer period of time, which is why individual companies are more and more focused on purchase. Since the company Talum has been formed, due to various society impacts, mostly the technological and informatics progress they had transformed their purchasing functionalities several times already. Currently the purchase is not an independent business functionality, but it is governed by the management – the strategic commercial department, to be exact.

Software je širok pojam za jedinstveno shvaćanje njegova korištenja, funkcija i ostalih povezanih činjenica. Sa informatičkog aspekta to je „neopipljivi“ dio računala, koji je potreban za ostvarivanje/ispunjenje određenog zadatka. Sve što je potrebno je preuzeti odgovarajući program preko internetskih pretraživača te pratiti upute za njegovu instalaciju. Kada software počnemo gledati s aspekta poslovnog subjekta, odnosno proširimo informatički aspekt, potrebne su dodatne stvari koje se moraju napraviti prije rada s istim. Za početak je potrebno pronaći odgovarajući software, kupiti ga, pričekati dospijeće istog što ovisi o dobavljaču, zatražiti od dobavljača licencu za pokretanje, te tek tada ukoliko je instalacija uspješno prošla, početi s radom na istom. Naravno, taj software mora biti u skladu za pripadajućim zakonima i računovodstvenim standardima zbog kasnijeg knjiženja poslovnih promjena vezanih uz isti. Ono što je bitno reći je da software mora pravovremeno biti ažuriran kako bi se posao mogao uspješno obavljati kao i sve kasnije računovodstvene evidencije. Software is a broad term for a unique understanding of its use, function, and other related facts. From an IT point of view, software is an „intangible“ part of the computer which is required for the realization/fulfilment of a specific task. All that needs to be done is to download the appropriate software from the Web and follow the instructions on how to install it. From business aspect the software needs to meet more requirements before work can start. The appropriate software first needs to be found and bought,after which there is a waiting period which depends on the supplier, a license needs to be obtained from the supplier before starting the installation, and only then if the installation is successful, begin working using the software. Of course, the software must be in accordance to the Laws and Standards because of the late entry of change. It is important for the software to be updated in a timely manner so that the business can successfully complete all the subsequent accounting records.

Nabava je funkcija i djelatnost poduzeća i drugih poslovnih sustava koja se brine o opskrbi materijalima, opremom, uslugama i energijom potrebnim za realizaciju ciljeva poslovnog sustava. Nabava se kroz povijest promatrala kao pasivna i operativna poslovna funkcija koja odgovara na zahtjeve drugih poslovnih funkcija. U zadnje vrijeme se mijenja položaj i važnost nabave u poduzeću, te istraživanja pokazuju kako će percepcija utjecaja nabave na rezultate cjelokupnog poslovanja poduzeća u budućnosti rasti i zato se nabavi pridaje sve veća važnost. Nabava se često poistovjećuje sa kupnjom, a u novije vrijeme uz nju se vežu pojmovi logistike i materijalnog poslovanja, te opskrbe. Zaposlenici nabave moraju biti stručnjaci koji analiziraju, procjenjuju, biraju i iniciraju nabavu sredstava za proizvodnju i usluge. Da bi uspješno izvršili svoje zadatke moraju stalno promatrati i ispitivati tržište nabave. Bitno je naglasiti da je suradnja sa dobavljačima ključan element suvremene nabave i zato svako poduzeće koje želi uspješno poslovati mora razviti skup višestrukih kriterija za njihov odabir. Svrha nabave je da poveže i uskladi potrebe vlastite organizacije za sredstvima, uslugama i energijom, što ih sama ne proizvodi, s interesima dobavljača tih objekata opskrbe. Primjer dobro organizirane nabave prikazan je preko poduzeća Sportina d.o.o. Poduzeće Sportina Group svoje uspjehe postiže predanim radom, promišljenim biranjem najuspješnijih robnih marki i investicijama u najbolje lokacije s najsuvremenijom opremom. Funkciju nabave u poduzeću obnašaju za to osposobljene osobe pa svojim predanim radom pokušavaju u pravu poslovnicu poslati pravu količinu nabavljene robe. Na primjeru podružnice XYZ Premium Fashion Store detaljno je objašnjen proces nabave poduzeća po kojem možemo primjetiti kako je nabava kompleksna funkcija, ali dobrom organizacijom, zajedničkim radom i osposobljenim djelatnicima dolazi do boljeg razumijevanja potreba tržišta pa se tako lakše odgovara na potrebe kupca. U priloženim tablicama i slikama vidimo kako poduzeće koristi modernu tehnologiju da bi pospješilo svoju nabavu pa tako slijedi trendove tehničkih promjena na tržištu i sve je bliže budućnosti nabave tj. e-nabavi koja ostvaruje svoje izravne i neizravne prednosti u poslovanju. Procurement is a function and an activity of companies and other business systems that care about the supply of materials, equipment, services and energy needed to realize the business system goals. The acquisition was viewed through history as a passive and operational business function that meets the requirements of other business functions. Changes in the position and importance of procurement in the company are now changing, and research shows that the perception of the impact of procurement on the results of the company's overall business will grow in the future and therefore the acquisition is of increasing importance. Purchasing is often identified with the purchase, and lately it has links to logistics and material business, and supply. Procurement staff must be experts who analyze, evaluate, choose and initiate procurement of production and service resources. In order to successfully carry out their tasks they must constantly observe and examine the procurement market. It is important to emphasize that co-operation with suppliers is a key element of modern procurement and therefore every business that wants to do business successfully has to develop a set of multiple criteria for their choice. The purpose of the procurement is to link and harmonize the needs of their own organization for the means, services and energy that they do not themselves produce, with the interests of the supplier of these supply facilities. An example of well organized procurement is presented through Sportina d.o.o. The company Sportina Group achieves its success through dedicated work, deliberate selection of the most successful brands and investments in the best locations with state-of-the-art equipment. The procurement function in the company is carried out by trained persons and, with their dedicated work, they try to send the right amount of purchased goods to the right branch office. An example of the XYZ Premium Fashion Store branch explains in detail the procurement process of the company, where we can see how procurement is a complex function, but a good organization, joint work and skilled workers have a better understanding of the needs of the market so that it is more appropriate to the needs of the customer. In the enclosed tables and pictures, we see that the company uses modern technology to enhance its procurement, so it follows the trends of technical changes in the market and is closer to the future of procurement ie e-procurement that achieves its direct and indirect benefits in business.

Z diplomskim delom smo predstavili nabavno logistiko v izbranem podjetju in predvsem to kaj se je v nabavnem procesu spremenilo, ko so prešli na franšizni način poslovanja. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili nabavo različnih avtorjev. Opredelili smo kakovost nabave in nabavne postopke ter podrobneje opisali nabavni proces. Ker je izbrano podjetje prešlo na franšizni način poslovanja, smo pri teoretičnem delu opredelili franšizing in podrobneje opisali povezavo med franšizo, nabavno funkcijo in kakovostjo v podjetju. V nadaljevanju smo na kratko predstavili izbrano podjetje in podrobneje opisali posnetek stanja v podjetju pred prehodom na franšizo ter nato še po prehodu na franšizni način poslovanja. Zajeli smo organiziranost podjetja in nabavnega oddelka, proces nabavnih aktivnosti in dobavitelje podjetja. Da bi lažje ugotovili do kakšnih sprememb je prišlo, smo izvedli še anketo in opisali postopek anketiranja ter rezultate ankete. Pri kritični analizi smo izpostavili vse slabosti, ki smo jih pri pisanju diplomske naloge v izbranem podjetju zaznali in so se nam zdele najbolj pomembne. Vse predloge, za rešitev kritične analize smo podali v predlogu izboljšav. Diploma's purpose is present the process of purchasing materials in selected company. Theory of franchise and conection between franchise, purchasing function and quality are presented in theoretical part of diploma because the selected Company took on the franchise way of doing business. In the begining we describe selected Company before franchise and after franchise. It included the structure of Company and purchasing department, process of purchasing activities and Company suppliers. For obtain information about change before and after franchise, we made questionnaire described interviewing process and questionnaire results. In critical analysis we noticed and describe most exposed disadvantages. Proposal of improvements related to the matters exposed as disadvantages, we presented in list of suggestions.

Vsako podjetje, ki posluje s ciljem dolgoročnega obstoja in doseganja zastavljenih rezultatov, mora natančno in dosledno skrbeti za zalogo. Zaloge ne predstavljajo samo končni izdelki, temveč tudi surovine, materiali, embalaža, drobni inventar in nedokončani proizvodi. Za nemoteno poslovanje morajo biti zaloge zadostne vendar ne prevelike, saj zaloga veže finančna sredstva podjetja. Natančno vodenje zalog, spremljanje in analizo zalog imenujemo management zalog, katerega najpomembnejša funkcija je poskrbeti, da je v podjetju na razpolago dovolj vseh vrst zalog, ki jih podjetje potrebuje za normalno poslovanje. Any company with the objective of long-term existence and achievement of intended results must take accurate and consistent care for its inventories. Inventories are not only finished products, but also raw materials, other materials, packaging, small tools and unfinished products. For smooth operations, company must take care for sufficient, but not excessive inventory, since inventory binds financial resources of the company. Accurate management of inventory, monitoring of inventory and analysis of inventory is called inventory management, which most important function is to make sure that company has enough of all kinds of inventory available for proper functioning.

Namen moje diplomske naloge je predstaviti nabavno funkcijo, organiziranost nabavne funkcije in nabavni proces s teoretičnega vidika ter predstaviti nabavni proces podjetja Virs, d. o. o. S praktičnim primerom želim prikazati nabavo izdelka iz tujine. Tema je zanimiva iz več razlogov. Nabava je osnovna funkcija vsakega podjetja, ki pravočasno zagotovi potrebne informacije ostalim poslovnim funkcijam podjetja. Nabavna logistika močno vpliva na uspešnost poslovanja podjetja kot celote. Med dejavnike, ki podjetju prinašajo dobiček in konkurenčno prednost, lahko štejemo pravočasnost v dobavah, dobavo v ustrezni količini in kakovosti ter po sprejemljivi ceni za kupca. Uspešnost podjetja je odvisna od strateškega planiranja funkcije nabave. To pomeni, da je podjetje uspešno pri obvladovanju stroškov, raziskavi trga, izbiri ustreznih dobaviteljev, izbiri ustreznega transporta, transportnih poti in skladiščenja. Uspešno zaključen posel pomeni, da je potek poslovanja nemoten in delovanje podjetja uspešno. Diplomsko delo je razdeljeno na dva dela. V prvem delu bomo opredelili splošne značilnosti nabave, vlogo in pomen funkcije nabave. Osredotočili se bomo na stroške v nabavni logistiki, raziskovanje nabavnega trga in na odnose z dobavitelji. V drugem delu bomo predstavili podjetje Virs, d. o. o. Predstavili bomo organiziranost njihove nabavne funkcije in prikazali posamezne faze nabavnega procesa. Prikazali bomo tudi praktični primer nabave izdelka iz tujine. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to present the purchasing function and the organisation of it, as well as to show the purchasing process from theoretical point of view and to present the purchasing process in the company VIRS Ltd. The practical example shows a product purchase from abroad. The topic is interesting for various reasons. Purchasing is the basic function of a company. It provides the necessary information to the other business functions of the company in time. The purchasing logistics has a strong impact on the company’s success as a whole. Factors that give the company its competitive advantage and contribute to making profit are timely delivery, the right quantity, the appropriate quality and the price that is acceptable to the costumer. Company’s success depends on the strategic planning of the purchasing function. This means that the company deals successfully with costs management, market research, supplier selection, transport selection, transport routes and storage. A successfully closed business means a smooth running of the business and a successful operation of the company. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, the general characteristics of purchasing, the role and importance of the purchasing function are being defined. The focus lies on the costs in the purchase logistics, on the research of the purchasing market and on the relations between suppliers and a company. In the second part, the company VIRS Ltd. is being described. We will present the organisation of their purchasing function and show individual stages of the purchasing process. A practical example of a product purchase from abroad follows.

V svojem diplomskem delu sem želela proučiti področje, ki mi je po eni strani zelo blizu, saj se pri svojih delovnih zadolžitvah dnevno srečujem z njim, po drugi strani pa tako daleč, ker skriva še veliko neodkritih stvari, katere si kot oseba, ki opravlja delo v nabavi, želim podrobneje spoznati. Zavedam se, da je lahko dober informacijski sistem velika konkurenčna prednost podjetja in da bi to prednost podjetja morala izkoristiti. Iz tega razloga sem se odločila poglobiti se v področje naročanja materialov s pomočjo sistema MRP planiranja, kateri ponuja paleto možnosti, ki pa jih v podjetju ne koristimo v celoti. V prvem teoretičnem delu sem proučila področja, ki se navezujejo in igrajo pomembno vlogo v procesu naročanja materialov, v drugem praktičnem delu pa sem v podjetju, kjer sem zaposlena, na konkretnih primerih proučila delovanje MRP sistema in na koncu predstavila svoje ugotovitve. In my diploma I wanted to review the field which, on the one hand I am familiar with as I work on it daily but, on the other hand, there are so many unknown and hidden things I wanted to find out as a person who has been working in purchasing. I am aware of the importance of a good information system which can be a significant competitive advantage of a firm and therefore each firm should take advantage of it. For this reason, I decided to deepen my understanding of ordering the materials by the use of MRP system which offers a wide range of possibilities, but it is not entirely used in our firm. In the first – theoretical part I studied the areas that play an important role and are related to the process of material ordering. In the second – practical part I studied the action of the MPR system on concrete examples in the firm where I am employed and finally, I presented the findings of my work.

Diplomsko delo se nanaša na področje nabavne funkcije v podjetju in s tem povezano na področje dobaviteljev. Oboje je potrebno obravnavati strateško, kar pa pomeni vključevanje veliko različnih kompleksnih aktivnosti med drugim izbiranje potencialnih dobaviteljev in njihovo presojanje do njihovega ocenjevanja in na koncu še razvoja. Vse omenjeno pa v prvi vrsti zaradi zagotavljanja ustrezne kvalitete in pravočasnih dobav, ki so ključne za podjetje Elti d.o.o., ki proizvaja visoko kvalitetne in tehnološko zahtevne izdelke s katerimi mora zadovoljiti svoje kupce pravočasno. V prvem teoretičnem delu predstavljamo zgoraj omenjene aktivnosti in z njimi povezana pomembna področja kot so pomembnost nabave in njenih nalog in ciljev, njena organiziranost in povezanost z ostalimi funkcijami v podjetju in z zunanjimi dobavitelji. S pomočjo spoznanj v prvem teoretične delu bomo na koncu ob vključitvi drugega praktičnega dela v katerem predstavljamo kako potekajo določene aktivnosti, ki so tema diplomske naloge v podjetju potrdili naše hipoteze. Za določene hipoteze, ki se nanašajo na izbiranje dobaviteljev, presojo dobaviteljev, ocenjevanje dobaviteljev in razvoj dobaviteljev s pomočjo metode 20 ključev smo se odločili, ker zaposleni v nabavi opažamo težavo, da imamo z nekaj strateškimi dobavitelji precejšnjo količino reklamacij kar pomeni dobavljanje slabe kvalitete. Ti isti dobavitelji tudi konstantno zamujajo z dobavami. To pa predstavlja za naše podjetje veliko stopnjo tveganosti. Želeli smo ugotoviti ali se določene aktivnosti izvajamo pravilno, da bi lahko dosegli najpomembnejše cilje v nabavi in zagotovili ustrezne kvalitete materiala ob praven času. he thesis presents purchasing area in the company and associated to this also area of suppliers. Both have to be considered strategic what means it have to be included a lot of different complex activities among others searching of the potential suppliers and its evaluation up to their estimation and at the end development of suppliers. All mentioned in the first place it is necessary to ensuring adequate quality and timely delivery, which are key for the company Elti d.o.o. who produces high-quality and technologically demanding products and with them its customers needs to be satisfied at the right time. In the first theoretical parts we are presenting the above mentioned activities ant to them related important areas such as importance of the purchasing and its tasks and objectives, organisation of the purchasing and its connection to the other functions in the company and to the outside suppliers. By using the knowledge of the first theoretical part we will at the end, include also second practical part in which we are presenting how certain activities which are the subject of thesis are held in our company, confirm our hypothesis. For certain hypothesis concerning selection, evaluation, estimation and development of suppliers, which passes through 20 keys method we decided, because we employees in the purchasing department noticed the problem, that we have with couple of strategic suppliers considerable amount of reclamations what means supply of bad quality. These same suppliers also constantly late with deliveries. This represents for our company a high degree of risk. We wanted to determine whether certain activities are carried out properly, in order to achieve the most important goals in the purchasing department and ensure adequate quality materials at the right time.

Diplomsko delo z naslovom »Prenova procesa naročanja v podjetju SŽ – VIT d.o.o.« se ukvarja s procesom naročanja materiala. Pri raziskovanju smo se seznanili z dosedanjim potekom nabave in ga natančneje preučili. Predstavili smo omejitve, s katerimi se srečujemo pri nabavljanju in razvrščanju materialnih postavk. Podjetje nabavlja material v količinah, ki so predpostavljene glede na pretekle izkušnje. Te se zaradi izrednih razmer in želje po minimalnih zalogah velikokrat razlikujejo od dejanske količine potrebnega materiala. Pri tem je kot vodilo javni razpis, ki je z zakonom določeno navodilo, po katerem se ravnajo zaposleni. Treba je poudariti, da se skupine materiala, katerih cena presega 41.000 €, vedno nabavljajo prek javnih naročil. Ukvarjali smo se tudi z materialnimi postavkami, ki smo jih razvrstili v razrede po ABC- in XYZ-analizi. Diplomsko delo podatke o materialnih postavkah preučuje na podlagi analiz realnih podatkov. V zadnjem delu diplomskega dela smo predstavljeno kritično analizirali in podali rešitve za izboljšanje obstoječega stanja nabavljanja materiala v podjetju SŽ – VIT d.o.o. Maribor. Tako smo preučili možnosti izboljšav, kot so deterministično in stohastično načrtovanje materialnih postavk, poenotenje rezervnih delov, nadgradnja informacijskega sistema IS21 in povečanje prodaje podjetja. The diploma thesis titled Redesigning of the Ordering Process in the Company SŽ-VIT d.o.o. discusses the ordering process of the materials. We studied existing purchasing process and presented the limitations in purchasing and in grouping material rates. The quantity of the purchased materials depends on previous experience. However, these are often different from the actual quantity of the material needed due to unexpected circumstances and the tendencies towards minimizing stocks. Its basis is the public tender, which is a guidance for the employees, stipulated by the law. It is important to emphasize that groups of materials which surpass 41.000€ must be purchased through public orders. We have dealt with material rates and sorted them into classes using the ABC and XYZ analysis. The data on the material rates were studied based on actual data. In the conclusion, the presented findings were critically analyzed, and solutions for improvement of the existing state of purchased materials in SŽ-VIT d.o.o. Maribor have been offered. Therefore, the potential improvements have been studied, such as deterministic and stohastic planning of the material rates, the uniformity of spare parts, the upgrade of the information system IS21 and the increase of the company’s sale.

V diplomskem projektu smo analizirali nabavni proces strateške surovine v podjetju Swatycomet d.o.o.. V prvem delu diplome so s pomočjo zbrane strokovne literature predstavljeni pojmi povezani z nabavni procesom in kasneje po kakšnem zaporedju si bi naj sledili procesi nabavne službe pri dobavi novih materialov. V diplomskem projektu se bolj podrobno dotaknemo tudi nekaterih ostalih aktivnosti nabavne službe in opredeljujemo njihov pomen za podjetje. V drugem delu projekta najdemo nekaj osnovnih informacij o izbranem podjetju in njihovem delovanju. V nadaljevanju, po predstavitvi podjetja in rovinga, najdemo analizo njihovega nabavnega procesa za strateško surovino – roving. Skozi predstavljeni proces nabavne strateške surovine v podjetju Swatycomet d.o.o. želimo dokazati, da ima podjetje primerno razpršenost dobaviteljev za izbrano strateško surovino da redne zaloge rovinga zagotavljajo varno oskrbo podjetja za nemoteno delo proizvodnje, ter da ni razlik med teoretično predstavljenim delom nabavnega procesa in nabavnim procesom v analiziranem podjetju. In our diploma we analyzed the purchasing process for a strategic material in the company Swatycomet d.o.o.. In the first part of the diploma we reveal, with the help of professional literature, the concepts that are related with the purchasing process. Later on we also show the correct sequence of the purchasing process for a new order of materials. Our diploma also presents some other activities of the purchasing department and defines their meaning in the company. The second part of our diploma presents some basic information about our chosen company Swatycomet d.o.o. and about their functioning. Later on, after the companies presentation and the presentation of roving, we find the analyzed purchasing process for the chosen strategic material – roving. Through the presented purchasing process of a strategic material in the company Swatycomet d.o.o. we want to prove, that the company has a well spread net of suppliers for the chosen strategic material that a regular supply of roving guarantees a safe quantity of material for a smooth manufacturing process and that there is no difference between the presented theoretic purchasing process and the purchasing process in the analyzed company.

V svojem diplomskem delu sem želela prikazati pomen nabavne funkcije, nabave v trgovskem podjetju in obvladovanje zalog. Zanimala me je povezava teoretične podlage s praktičnim udejstvovanjem obvladovanja nabave in zalog v konkretnem delovnem okolju in sicer v podjetju kjer sem zaposlena. Iz navedenih razlogov sem v prvem delu svoje naloge opredelila teoretične razlage različnih avtorjev in tako že med prebiranjem in preučevanjem s pomočjo praktičnih izkušen izluščila bistvo za obravnavo tematike. Preko praktične obravnave sem imela možnost opredeliti in prikazati nabavni proces in obvladovanje zalog v podjetju Eventus, Novo mesto, d.o.o.. S preučevanje teh procesov v podjetju sem ugotovila in tudi potrdila strateški pomen nabave in z njo povezane aktivnosti pri povečanju dobička. V praktičnem delu sem se osredotočila na organizacijo nabavnega poslovanja, izbor in ocenjevanje dobaviteljev, operativno izvedbo nabave, analizo in optimizacijo zalog, ter pomen spremljanja cen surovin. In my thesis I wanted to show the importance of the purchasing function, purchase in a trading company and management of stock. I was interested in the relation of theoretical basis with practical activities of purchase and stock management in a concrete working environment namely in the company where I work. For the above reasons I have defined in the first part of my thesis theoretical interpretations of different authors and so I was able to extract the essence for dealing with this theme during reading and researching and the help of practical experience. Over practical proceedings I had the possibility to define and to present the purchasing process and management of stock at the company Eventus, Novo mesto, d.o.o.. By researching these processes at the company, I have established and also confirmed the strategic meaning of purchase and related activities for increasing profits. In the practical part I have concentrated on the organization of purchase operations, selecting and rating suppliers, the operative execution of purchase, analysis and optimization of stock and the importance of watching commodity prices.