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Nanotechnology-based diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches revolutionized the field of cancer detection, and treatment, offering tremendous potential for cost-effective interventions in the early stages of disease. This research synthesized bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) that were modified with polycyclodextrin (PCD), and functionalized with glucose (Glu) to load curcumin (CUR) for CT imaging and chemo-radiotherapy applications in Breast Cancer. The prepared Bi 2 O 3 @PCD-CUR-Glu NPs underwent comprehensive characterization, encompassing various aspects, including cell migration, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, blood compatibility, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability, real-time PCR analysis, in-vivo safety assessment, in-vivo anti-tumor efficacy, as well as in-vitro CT contrast and X-ray RT enhancement evaluation. CT scan was conducted before and after (1 and 3 h) intravenous injection of Bi 2 O 3 @PCD-CUR-Glu NPs. Through the use of coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis, the final prepared nanoparticle distribution in the Bab/c mice was assessed. The spherical NPs that were ultimately synthesized and had a diameter of around 80 nm demonstrated exceptional toxicity towards the SKBr-3 breast cancer cell line. The cell viability was at its lowest level after 48 h of exposure to a radiation dose of 2 Gy at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The combined treatment involving using Bi 2 O 3 @PCD-CUR-Glu NPs along with X-ray radiation showed a substantial increase in the generation of ROS, specifically a remarkable 420 % growth. Gene expression analysis indicated that the expression levels of P53, and BAX pro-apoptotic genes were significantly increased. The in-vitro CT imaging analysis conducted unequivocally demonstrated the notable superiority of NPs over Omnipaque in terms of X-ray absorption capacity, a staggering 1.52-fold increase at 80 kVp. The resultsdemonstrated that the targeted Bi 2 O 3 @PCD-CUR-Glu NPs could enhance the visibility of a small mice tumor that is detectable by computed tomography and made visible through X-ray attenuation. Results suggested that Bi 2 O 3 @PCD-CUR-Glu NPs, integrated with CT imaging and chemo-radiotherapy, have great potential as a versatile theranostic system for clinical application., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: A novel efficient pH-sensitive targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent and innovative radio-sensitizing system were synthesized based on MnO 2 NPs coated with biocompatible poly-dimethyl-amino-ethyl methacrylate-Co-itaconic acid, (DMAEMA-Co-IA) and targeted with methotrexate (MTX)., Materials and Methods: The as-established NPs were fully characterized and evaluated for MRI signal enhancement, relaxivity, in vitro cell targeting, cell toxicity, blood compatibility, and radiotherapy (RT) efficacy., Results: The targeted NPs MnO 2 @Poly(DMAEMA-Co-IA) and MTX-loaded NPs inhibited MCF-7 cell viability more effectively than free MTX after 24 and 48 h, respectively, with no noticeable toxicity. Additionally, the insignificant hemolytic activity demonstrated their proper hemo-compatibility. T 1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to distinguish the differential uptake of the produced MnO 2 @Poly(DMAEMA-Co-IA)-MTX NPs in malignant cells compared to normal ones in the presence of high and low MTX receptor cells (MCF-7 and MCF-10A, respectively). In MRI, the produced theranostic NPs displayed pH-responsive contrast enhancement. As shown by in vitro assays, treatment of cells with MnO 2 @Poly(DMAEMA-Co-IA)-MTX NPs prior to radiotherapy in hypoxic conditions significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy., Conclusion: We draw the conclusion that using MnO 2 @Poly(DMAEMA-Co-IA)-MTX NPs in MR imaging and combination radiotherapy may be a successful method for imaging and radiation therapy of hypoxia cells., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology (ESMRMB).)

β -Cyclodextrine-based polyester was coated on the surface of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and then functionalised with folic acid to produce an efficient pH-sensitive targeted theranostic system (Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA) for doxorubicin delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA was fully characterised by FTIR, vibrating sample magnetometer, TGA, XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The dissolution profile of DOX showed a pH sensitive release. No significant toxicity was observed for the targeted NPs (Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA) and DOX-loaded NPs inhibiting M109 cells viability more efficiently than free DOX. Moreover, the negligible hemolytic activity of the targeted NPs showed their appropriate hemocompatibility. The preferential uptake was observed for the developed Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA-DOX NPs in comparison with Dotarem using T 1 - and T 2 -weighted MRI in the presence of folate receptor-positive and folate receptor-negative cancer cells (M109 and 4T1, respectively). Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed that Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA-DOX not only exhibited considerably relaxivity performance as a contrast agent for MRI, but also improved in vivo anti-tumour efficacy of the system. The results suggest that Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA-DOX improves its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of solid tumours and also reduces the adverse effects, so it could be proposed as a promising drug delivery system for chemotherapy and molecular imaging diagnosis in MRI.

Objectives: In this study, a novel targeted MRI contrast agent was developed by coating gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd 2 O 3 NPs) with β-cyclodextrin (CD)-based polyester and targeted by folic acid (FA)., Materials and Methods: The developed Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA MRI contrast agent was characterized and evaluated in relaxivity, in vitro cell targeting, cell toxicity, blood compatibility and in vivo tumor MR contrast enhancement., Results: In vitro cytotoxicity and hemolysis assays revealed that Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA NPs have no significant cytotoxicity after 24 and 48 h against normal human breast cell line (MCF-10A) at concentration of up to 50 µg Gd +3 /mL and have high blood compatibility at concentration of up to 500 µg Gd +3 /mL. In vitro MR imaging experiments showed that Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA NPs enable targeted contrast T 1 - and T 2 -weighted MR imaging of M109 as overexpressing folate receptor cells. Besides, the in vivo analysis indicated that the maximum contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of tumor in mice increased after injection of Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA up to 5.89 ± 1.3 within 1 h under T 1 -weighted imaging mode and reduced to 1.45 ± 0.44 after 12 h. While CNR increased up to maximum value of 1.98 ± 0.28 after injection of Gd 2 O 3 @PCD within 6 h and reduced to 1.12 ± 0.13 within 12 h., Conclusion: The results indicate the potential of Gd 2 O 3 @PCD-FA to serve as a novel targeted nano-contrast agent in MRI.

A novel β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge (CDNS) was proposed as curcumin (CUR) delivery system improving pharmacokinetics and anticancer activity of CUR. The effect of molar ratio of Epiclon (EPI) as cross-linker and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) on the porosity, surface area, swelling ratio, CUR solubility and loading capacity, rate of drug release and selective toxicity of the CDNSs was fully investigated. The high degree of cross-linking led to the formation of mesoporous CDNS having high specific surface area and high loading capacity. All CUR-free CDNSs showed no toxicity against MCF 10A and 4T1 cells as normal and cancerous cells, respectively. While CDNSs-CUR exhibited selective toxicity against cancerous cells. In sum, high CUR aqueous solubility, significant loading and controllable release of the CUR, outstanding and selective toxicity against cancerous cells make CDNS8-CUR (EPI/βCD = 8) as promising candidate for further study in the cancer therapy., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Contrast agents (CAs) play a critical role in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications to enhance the low intrinsic sensitivity of MRI. Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO) have gotten developing consideration as substitute spin-lattice (T1) MRI CAs as a result of the Gd-based CAs which are related with renal fibrosis as well as the inherent dark imaging characteristics of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs. In this review, previous developments in the usage of MnO nanoparticles as MRI CAs for cancer theranostic applications such as developments in toxicological properties, distribution and tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive biomaterials were reviewed. A literature search was accomplished to discover distributed research that elaborates the use of MnO in multimodal imaging and therapy. In the current study, the electronic search including PubMed/Medline, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar was performed dependent on Mesh key words. CAs can significantly improve the imaging contrast among the lesions and normal tissues. In this study we generally concentrate on typical advancements of MnO nanoparticles about properties, bimodal or multimodal imaging, and therapy. Numerous researches have demonstrated MnO-based nanostructure produce considerable biocompatibility with the lack of cytotoxicity. Therefore, remarkable features improved photothermal therapy, chemotherapy and Chemodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A dual cellular and metabolic T 1 and T 2 * contrast agent was formulated. • CS-modified Gd 2 O 3 NPs were applied for 5-ALA delivery. • CS-coated Gd 2 O 3 NPs improved significantly transverse and longitudinal relaxivities. • 5-ALA combined with FAC improved remarkably the transverse relaxation rate of C 6 cells treated with the NPs. Diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with high sensitivity and specificity requires cellular and metabolic imaging. In this study, we aimed to endow gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd 2 O 3 NPs) as an interesting T 1 contrast agent with T 2 * contrast ability through intracellular iron assistance induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). Chitosan (CS)-loaded Gd 2 O 3 NPs were loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid (Gd 2 O 3 /CS-TPP@5-ALA NPs), and then evaluated as a pH-responsive dual cellular and metabolic T 1 and T 2 * contrast agent for GBM diagnosis. The target NPs with an average size of 138 nm revealed concentration-dependent toxicity against glioblastoma C 6 cells. The relaxation rate (R 1) of the C 6 cells treated with Gd 2 O 3 /CS-TPP@5-ALA NPs plus FAC was remarkably higher than the controls including Gd 2 O 3 /CS-TPP NPs, Gd 2 O 3 /CS-TPP@5-ALA NPs, and FAC (17.2 ± 2.4 vs. 8 ± 1.5, 8.4 ± 1.2, and 2.3 ± 0.5, respectively). Interestingly, the transverse relaxation rate (R 2 *) of the C 6 cells treated with Gd 2 O 3 /CS-TPP@5-ALA NPs + FAC was significantly higher than the controls including Gd 2 O 3 /CS-TPP NPs, Gd 2 O 3 /CS-TPP@5-ALA NPs, and FAC (96 ± 8 vs. 25 ± 4, 27 ± 5, and 19 ± 2.6, respectively). We believe that Gd 2 O 3 /CS-TPP@5-ALA NPs + FAC could be introduced as promising dual cellular and metabolic T 1 -T 2 * contrast agents for GBM diagnosis in MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]