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A practicable strategy to a reversible mechanochromic material featuring interconversion of classical/frustrated Bronsted pairs has been established. We report the mechanochromic property of 2,6-bis(4-biphenyl)isonicotinic acid (1), which features a frustrated Bronsted pair in the crystalline form and a classical Bronsted pair after grinding. A large mechanochromic shift was found from 428 to 505 nm. In addition, compound 1 also exhibits acidochromic behavior, which further proves that the formation of an acid-base interaction is responsible for the mechanochromic phenomenon.

Based on esters of nicotinic and isonicotinic acids with hydroxybenzaldehydes, a series of functionally substituted derivatives containing isoxazole and isothiazole heterocycles in the molecule have been synthesized. Azomethines were obtained by condensation of nicotinates and isonicotinates with p-bromoaniline and m-aminophenol, which have been reduced with sodium triacetoxyborohydride to give the corresponding amines. Acylation of amino derivatives of nicotinates and isonicotinates with 5-arylisoxazole- and 4,5-dichloroisothiazolecarbonyl chlorides leads to the esters and amides with isoxazole and isothiazole residues.

Natural and synthetic derivatives of acridine and pyrimidoquinoline series are of considerable interest for study as antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, antiparasitic agents; they are also useful in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The combination of acridine and pyrimidoquinoline cycles with other pharmacophore groups can lead to a synergistic effect of their properties, the appearance of new types of biological activity, as well as a reducing of the severity of side effects. The synthesis of new derivatives of 8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]acridin-11(7H)-one and 10,12-dihydrobenzo[ f ] pyrimido [4,5- b ] quinoline-9,11 (7H, 8H)-dione containing isoxazole, isothiazole heterocycles, ferrocene fragment, as well as nicotinic and isonicotinic acid residues covalently attached via ester groups to different positions of the aromatic nucleus, is described. A three-component cascade condensation of aromatic amines, aldehydes and cyclic β —dicarbonyl compounds was carried out by refluxing in butanol. The heat effects of the cyclization reaction have been determined using the DFT / B3LYP1 / MIDI method. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed on four different cancer cell lines (RKO, COLO320, LS174T, SW480).

Nicotinic (3-pyridinecarboxylic) acid is one of the most important vitamins as well as substance with versatile physiological activity, since it plays significant role in the human organism. Nicotinic acid (niacin, vitamin PP, vitamin B3) is widely used in medicine as drug which has a vasodilating effect, prevents the accumulation of cholesterol and normalizes the heart function. Isonicotinic (4-pyridinecarboxylic) acid is used for the production of valuable anti-tuberculosis drugs, antidepressants, etc. However, nicotinic and isonicotinic acids have various side effects: skin hyperemia, pruritus, formation of stomach peptic ulcers, liver dysfunction and hyperglycemia. To reduce the severity of side effects, their slightly soluble salts, esters or amides are obtained. The synthesis of nicotinic and isonicotinic acid esters with vanillin benzaldehydes, cholesterol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, quinine and (4,5-dichloroisothiazol-3-yl)methanol is described. Esters were obtained by acylation of hydroxybenzaldehydes and alcohols with nicotinic and isonicotinic acid hydrochlorides in the presence of triethylamine in anhydrous methylene chloride. The IR- UV- and NMR spectra of the compounds obtained are presented.

Background Tuberculosis (TB) has always been recognized as one of the fatal infectious diseases, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Isonicotinic acid hydrazide or isoniazid (INH) is one of the most commonly utilized drugs in the treatment of TB. Patients need to take 300 mg daily of INH for 6 months in combination with another anti-TB drug and tolerate several side effects of INH. On the other hand, the emergence of resistant strains of anti-TB antibiotics is one of the major problems in the treatment of this disease. So, antimicrobial drug delivery by nanofluids could improve the efficacy, and reduce the adverse effects of antimicrobial drugs. The purpose of this study was to perform a novel method to synthesize INH-conjugated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for more effective drug delivery, as well as, TB treatment. Methods INH-conjugated functionalized MWCNTs were prepared, using a reflux system. The characterization of the obtained nano-drug was performed by the elemental analyses of total nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon and sulfur (CHNS), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The nanofluid of nano-drug was prepared by the ultrasonic method, and the related antibacterial effect studies were carried out on the two strains of M.tb. Results The antimicrobial effect of INH-conjugated MWCNTs was found to be much better at low concentrations than the pure drug in all of the strains. Conclusion Since one of the main antimicrobial mechanisms of MWCNTs is through the destruction of the bacterial cell wall, in addition to its antimicrobial effects, it increased the drug delivery of INH at lower doses compared to drug alone. So, the nanofluid, containing INH-conjugated MWCNTs, had a better lethal effect on a variety of M.tb strains than that of the drug alone.

Cocrystallization of the commonly available organic primary amine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (L), with 2-furoic acid (Hfura), isonicotinic acid (Hinic), 4-aminobenzoic acid (Haba), 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (Hdcba), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (Hcpa), 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (H2cha), 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (H2nds) and butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (H4buta) gave a total of 8 salts having the compositions: (tris(hydroxymethyl)methane): (2-furoic acid) [(HL+) · (fura−)] (1), (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane): (isonicotinic acid) [(HL+) · (inic−)] (2), (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane): (4-aminobenzoic acid) [(HL+) · (aba−)] (3), (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane): (2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid) [(HL+) · (dcba−)] (4), (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane): (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) [(HL+) · (cpa−)] (5), (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane): (1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid) [(HL+) · (Hcha−)] (6), (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane)2: (1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid) [(HL+)2 · (nds2−)] (7) and (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane)2: (butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid) [(HL+)2 · (H2buta2−)] (8). The 8 salts have been characterized by XRD, IR and EA, and the melting points of all salts were also gauged. And their structural and supramolecular aspects are fully analyzed. All 8 compounds are ionic, with H-transferring to the N of L. The result reveals that among the 8 investigated crystals the NH2 in L are protonated when the acids are ionized, and the crystal packing is interpreted by the strong charge-assisted N H⋯O H-bond from the NH3+ and the deprotonated acids. Except the N H⋯O H-bond, the O H⋯O H-bonds were also found at all salts. Further analysis of the crystal packing of the salts indicated that a different set of additional C C, O O, CH C, CH2 C, CH CH, C H⋯O/CH2 O, CH Cl, CH2 Cl, CH-π, CH2-π and O-π contacts contribute to the stabilization and expansion of the total structures. For the interplay of the various nonbonding interactions these structures had the homo/hetero supramolecular synthons. Some classical synthons of R22(8), R22(10) and R42(8) were again shown to be involved in making these H-bonding networks.

The first examples of adenine binding by isomeric organoplatinum(II) complexes bearing H-bonding nicotinic and isonicotinic acid ligands are reported. Notably, a subtle switching of the H-bonding functionality from the 3- to 4-position of the pyridyl ring leads to a significant change in both the strength of association and the site of adenine binding. Australian Research Council (ARC)

In this work, we have reported the preparation of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine dione derivatives by the tandem Knoevenagel-Michael-cyclocondensation reaction of malononitrile, various aldehydes and barbituric acid derivatives at the presence of isonicotinic acid as an efficient organocatalyst.

In this report the thirteen new compounds including five new heterocyclic ligands and eight complexes with Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions are presented. The investigation of subsequent amide derivatives of picolinic and isonicotinic acid was performed to compare the coordination affinity for this carboxamide series. Moreover the magnetic properties of the obtained complexes were studied and revealed to be in good correspondence with the last achieved results. All synthesized ligands were characterized in detail with the use of 1H, 13C, COSY 2D, HSQC, HMBC NMR spectroscopy and TG-DTA analysis. Obtained compounds were investigated via FT-IR, excitation and emission spectra and elemental analysis. In addition, for the selected compounds the crystal structures were determined by X-Ray single crystal analysis.

By virtue of combining an in-situ assembly process with a stepwise synthesis in conventional aqueous solution, two series of unique organic-inorganic hybrid heteropolyoxomolybdates were constructed from plenary Keggin germanomolybdates and Cu-Ln heterometallic units and fully characterized: [H2 INA]2 H8 [LnCu(INA)4 (H2 O)6 ]2 [α-GeMo12 O40 ]3 ⋅52 H2 O (Ln=La3+ (1), Ce3+ (2), Pr3+ (3), Nd3+ (4), Sm3+ (5), Eu3+ (6); HINA=isonicotinic acid) and (NH4 )[Cu(PA)2 ][Cu(PA)2 Ln(H2 O)8 ][α-GeMo12 O40 ]⋅10 H2 O (Ln=Nd3+ (7), Sm3+ (8), Eu3+ (9); HPA=picolinic acid). The most remarkable structural characteristic of compounds 1-6 was that their molecular units were defined by three discrete plenary Keggin [α-GeMo12 O40 ]4- polyoxoanions and two organic-inorganic hybrid heterometallic [LnCu(INA)4 (H2 O)6 ]+ moieties, whereas compounds 7-9 exhibited a nice-looking 1D chain-like structure that was built from plenary [α-GeMo12 O40 ]4- polyoxoanions, pendent [Cu(PA)2 ] complexes, and bridging {[Cu(PA)2 ][Ln(H2 O)8 ]}3+ heterometallic groups. Notably, two different pyridine carboxylic acid ligands led to the discrepancy between the two structure types. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1-9 constitute the first examples of plenary Keggin heterometallic germanomolybdates that include Cu-Ln-organic subunits. Further studies revealed that compounds 3 and 8 exhibited fast adsorption capacity for cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) in water. Moreover, compounds 3 and 8 could quickly and selectively adsorb MB from a mixture of MB/methyl orange (MO) or MB/azophloxine (Apo).

New pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized as Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) analogues. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Ten compounds (3c, 3e-g, 5a-c, 6h, 10 and 11b) showed promising antitubercular activity with MIC range 7.30 µM–19.39 µM. Compounds 3e, 3g, 5b and 11b were the most potent analogues, with MIC 7.30–8.74 µM. They were equipotent to the standard drug Ethambutol (MIC 7.64 µM) and more active than the standard drug Pyrazinamide (MIC 50.77 µM). They were further examined for cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell line at the concentration of 50 µg/mL using MTT assay. Results declared that most compounds showed acceptable safety margin. Molecular Docking studies into 2-trans-enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, called InhA have been conducted for compounds 3e, 3g, 5b and 11b using Molecular Operating Enviroment software (MOE 2016.0802), where reasonable binding interactions have been identified and effective overall docking scores have been recorded. Their drug-likeness has been assessed using Molinspiration and Osiris software.

Two pairs of novel chiral chromium lanthanide compounds, formulated as l- and d-[Gd4 Cr4 (IN)10 (μ3 -OH)4 (μ4 -O)4 (H2 O)12 ]⋅[IN]2 ⋅8 H2 O (1 and 3), and l- and d-[Dy4 Cr4 (IN)11 (μ3 -OH)4 (μ4 -O)4 (H2 O)8 ]⋅[IN]⋅1.5 H2 O (2 and 4) (HIN=isonicotinic acid) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. Structural analysis reveals that four Ln3+ ions and four Cr3+ ions connect with each other and yield a "tower-like" [Ln4 Cr4 ] skeleton. Apart from the above featuring an aesthetically charming structure, circular dichroism (CD) spectra confirm that compounds 1 and 3, 2 and 4 are enantiomers. To the best of our knowledge, these are the largest chiral chromium lanthanide compounds. In addition, magnetic interaction shows that Gd (the mixture of 1 and 3) exhibits significant cryogenic magnetocaloric effect (MCE) with -ΔSm =18.08 J kg-1 K-1 (34.69 mJ cm-3 K-1 ). Also, the observed second-harmonic generation efficiencies of [Gd4 Cr4 (IN)10 (μ3 -OH)4 (μ4 -O)4 (H2 O)12 ]⋅[IN]2 ⋅8 H2 O and [Dy4 Cr4 (IN)11 (μ3 -OH)4 (μ4 -O)4 (H2 O)8 ]⋅[IN]⋅1.5 H2 O are 0.3 and 0.4 times that of urea, respectively.

The problem of designing new antitubercular drugs against multiple drug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) was addressed using advanced machine learning methods. As there are only few published measurements against MDR‐TB, we collected a large literature data set and developed models against the non‐resistant H37Rv strain. The predictive accuracy of these models had a coefficient of determination q2=.7–.8 (regression models) and balanced accuracies of about 80% (classification models) with cross‐validation and independent test sets. The models were applied to screen a virtual chemical library, which was designed to have MDR‐TB activity. The seven most promising compounds were identified, synthesized and tested. All of them showed activity against the H37Rv strain, and three molecules demonstrated activity against the MDR‐TB strain. The docking analysis indicated that the discovered molecules could bind enoyl reductase, InhA, which is required in mycobacterial cell wall development. The models are freely available online (http://ochem.eu/article/103868) and can be used to predict potential anti‐TB activity of new chemicals.

Isonicotinic acid ethyl ester reacted with substituted phenacyl bromides to give the corresponding quaternary salts which were reduced with sodium tetrahydridoborate to ethyl 1-(2-aryl-2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine-4-carboxylates. The presence of an electron-donating substituent in the benzene ring of the latter is a necessary condition for their acid hydrolysis with cleavage of the C–N bond and formation of isoguvacine. Analogous derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents are not converted to isoguvacine under similar conditions.

A new Cd(II) compound, [(CH3)2NH2][Cd2(INA)(pdc)1.5(ad)]n·2n(H2O) (1) has been prepared by introducing terephthalic acid (H2pdc) and isonicotinic acid (HINA) to assemble with adenine (Had) and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O. The investigation of photocatalytic property shows that compound 1 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light illumination. Its biological activity on the persistent thrombocytopenic purpura treatment was evaluated and the related mechanism was explored at the same time. Firstly, the relative expression levels of HPA-2 on platelets in the persistent thrombocytopenic purpura animal after compound treatment was measured with real time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Besides, the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection was performed to measure the levels of the platelets in the persistent thrombocytopenic purpura animal after compound treatment.

This study describes the synthesis, lipophilicity and in vitro antimicrobial assays of 15 new hydrazide-hydrazones of isonicotinic acid. New derivatives were obtained on the basis of the condensation reaction of isonicotinic acid hydrazide with different aromatic aldehydes. The chemical structure of synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectral methods. Experimental lipophilicity of new isonicotinic acid derivatives was determined using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. All synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial assays against reference strains of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi belonging to Candida spp. Some of the synthesized hydrazide-hydrazones proved to be significant antibacterial compounds and more potent than commonly used chemotherapeutic agents.

Solvothermal reaction of tBuC≡CAg, AgBF4 and nicotinic/isonicotinic acid in acetonitrile afforded two new silver(I) tert-butylethynide double salts, namely [(tBuC≡CAg)(AgL1)3] (HL1 = nicotinic acid) (1) and [(tBuC≡CAg)(AgL1)2] (HL2 = isonicotinic acid) (2). These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, single-crystal X-ray analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, UV–visible absorption spectra, and luminescent measurement. 1 exhibits a two-dimensional coordination network, and 2 features a three-dimensional coordination architecture. Luminescence measurements indicate that 1 shows a fluorescent emission band centered at 568 nm, and 2 exhibits an intense emission maximum at 550 nm and a shoulder peak at 436 nm.

In this work, the conformations of isonicotinic acid hydrazide 4-aminosalicylate (pasiniazid) has been comprehensively investigated by analyzing the potential binding site on isoniazid and para-aminosalicylic acid. The powder X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy analysis with quantum chemical calculation are utilized to characterize the appropriate conformation of pasiniazid. Two hydrogen-bond systems are found in pasiniazid and the relevant vibrational modes have been assigned with the help of potential energy distribution analysis. Natural bond orbital analysis is implemented for evaluating interactions in pasiniazid. The result indicates that the intermolecular interaction is responsible for the stabilization of this complex. Furthermore, molecular electrostatic potential provides an intuitive vision for intermolecular interaction between isoniazid and para-aminosalicylic acid. The chemical stability is estimated by the frontier molecular orbitals analysis.

Amide-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (AFMOFs) as a subclass of MOF materials have received great interest recently because of their intriguing structures and diverse potential applications. In this work, solvothermal reactions between indium nitrate and two mixed-linkers afforded two new isoreticular 8-connected trinuclear indium-based AFMOFs of [(In3 O)(OH)(L2)2 (IN)2 ]⋅(solv)x (2-In) and [(In3 O)(OH)(L2)2 (AIN)2 ]⋅(solv)x (NH2 -2-In) (H2 L2=4,4'-(carbonylimino)dibenzoic acid and HIN=isonicotinic acid or HAIN=3-aminoisonicotinic acid), respectively. Moreover, by means of reticular chemistry, an extended network of [(In3 O)(OH)(L3)2 (PB)2 ]⋅(solv)x (3-In) (H2 L3=4,4'-(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl))dibenzoic acid, HPB=4-(4-pyridyl)benzoic acid) was also successfully realized after prolongation of the former dicarboxylate linker and HIN, resulting in a truly 8-connected isoreticular AFMOF platform. These frameworks were structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). Sorption studies further demonstrate that 2-In and NH2 -2-In exhibit not only high surface areas and pore volumes but also relatively high carbon capture capabilities (the CO2 uptakes reach 60.0 and 75.5 cm3 g-1 at 298 K and 760 torr, respectively) due to the presences of amide and/or amine functional groups. The selectivity of CO2 /N2 and CO2 /CH4 calculated by IAST are 10.18 and 12.43, 4.20 and 4.23 for 2-In and NH2 -2-In, respectively, which were additionally evaluated by mixed-gases dynamic breakthrough experiments. In addition, high-pressure gas sorption measurements show that both materials could take up moderate amounts of natural gas.

The hydrazone Schiff base ligand isonicotinic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide ligand (H2L) has been synthesized. This ligand has been used to synthesized the six dioxidovandium(V) complexes [V(O)2(L)]ImH (1), [V(O)2(L)]2-MeImH (2), [V(O)2(L)]2-EthImH (3), [V(O)2(L)]1-MeImH (4), [V(O)2(L)]BezImH (5) and [V(O)2(L)]2-MeBenzImH (6). The ligand and complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis and other spectroscopic techniques. The used hydrazone Schiff base was also characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The Hirshfeld analysis of ligand gives the most important interactions in the ligand is the O⋯H/H⋯O interactions and N⋯H/H⋯N interactions. The contribution of these interactions to the total Hirshfeld surface area is 18.7 and 8.1% respectively. The stability of vanadium was studied using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. DFT calculations were carried out to correlate the electronic structures of complexes. The geometry of the vanadium(V) centre is distorted square pyramidal and distorted trigonal pyramidal. The VO 2 + entity accommodated in the ONO binding site of tridentate ligand yields [V(O2)L]- anion.The τ5 ​= ​0.759–0.770 value for 1, 2 and 3 are very close to 1 authenticating the distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the V(V) centre. For complexes 4, 5 and 6 the value of τ ​= ​0.385, 0.198 and 0.010 suggesting the distorted square pyramidal geometry of V(V) centers. Antidiabetic properties of complexes were also explored using α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition methods.

Via induction of achiral aromatic solvents, two 3-D monochiral 3d–4f MOFs (1 and 2) from the ligand HIN without any chiral auxiliary are uncommonly constructed. The results show that the homochiral compounds 1 and 2 are enantiopure rather than exhibiting enantiomeric excess. Obviously, this work has brought major synthetic advancement in homochiral framework materials of great significance.

It was previously reported that 6β-aminomorphinan derivatives show high affinity for opiate receptors. Novel 6β-heteroarylamidomorphinanes were designed based on the MOR selective antagonist NAP. The 6β-aminomorphinanes were prepared by stereoselective Mitsunobu reaction and subsequently acylated with nicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid chloride hydrochlorides. The receptor binding and efficacy were determined in vitro and the analgesic activity was studied in vivo. The in vitro studies revealed moderate selectivity for the MOR. At least two compounds in this series exhibited a long-lasting analgesic response when administered subcutaneously and intracerebroventricularly. When the substances were given intracerebroventricularly to mice, they showed analgesic potency comparable to morphine.

In the present study, two new series of pyrazolines (3a–h & 4a–h) were synthesized starting from p-acetamidophenol (paracetamol) and evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular activities. Chalcones (2a–h) prepared by condensing 3-acetyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetamide (1) with different aromatic aldehydes were reacted with phenyl hydrazine and isonicotinic acid hydrazide to obtain phenyl-pyrazolines (3a–h) and isoniazid-pyrazolines (4a–h), respectively. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral and microanalysis studies. Newly prepared pyrazoline compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared with the standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin. Compound 4g showed potent antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (MIC-3.12 μg/mL), however, against E. coli compound 3d, 4c, 4d, 4f & 4g were found to have an MIC of 6.25 μg/mL. Antifungal activity of compound 4d against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger (MIC-3.12 μg/mL) was found to be better than the standard drug Ketoconazole. The results of antitubercular activity of the synthesized compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by the agar microdilution method are quite promising. The antitubercular activity of compounds 4c, 4d & 4g (MIC-3.12 μg/mL) was found to be superior than that of the reference drug Streptomycin which showed MIC equal to 6.25 μg/mL. It was observed that pyrazolines with chloro, nitro or methoxy substituent showed better activity. Also, the pyrazolines derived from isoniazid (4a–h) were found to be better in their antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular action than those derived from phenyl-hydrazine (3a–h).

Nanostructures of three Zinc(II) coordination polymers, [Zn(NNO)2(H2O)4]n (1), [Zn(PNNO)2(H2O)2]n (2) and [Zn(H2O)6]·(INNO)2 (3) {NNO: Nicotinic acid N-oxide, PNNO: Picolinic acid N-oxide and INNO: Isonicotinic acid N-oxide}, have been synthesized by a sonochemical process and reaction of ligands with Zn(CH3COO)2. The Zinc(II) oxide nano-particles have been synthesized from thermolysis of [Zn(NNO)2(H2O)4]n (1), [Zn(PNNO)2(H2O)2]n (2) and [Zn(H2O)6]·(INNO)2 (3) at two different methods (with surfactant and without surfactant) and two temperatures (200 and 600°C). The ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparison of the SEM images of ZnO nano-particles at two different methods and temperatures shows that higher temperature results in an increasing of agglomeration and thus small and spherical ZnO particles with good separation were produced by thermolysis of compounds at 200°C and by use of surfactant.

The synthesis of N-[dimethoxyphosphoryl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] methylisatins has been performed by the addition of isatin and 5-butylisatin to the double bond of dimethyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene)methylphosphonate. Subsequent functionalization of the compounds synthesized with thiosemicarbazide hydrochloride, 3-(3′,5′-di-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid hydrazide, and isonicotinic acid. Hydrazide gave isatin derivatives containing several pharmacophore fragments. Each of them has the ability to the increase the antioxidant and biological activities of these compounds.

A novel zinc porphyrin ZnP bearing a 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine unit has been designed and synthesized in good yields to construct axial-coordinated assemblies (denoted as ZnP–Ai, i = 1, 2, 3 and 4) with different isonicotinic acid analogues (assigned as A1, A2, A3 and A4) through zinc-to-ligand axial coordination approach. Then these assemblies were grafted onto TiO2 electrode surface to build dye sensitized solar cells. The performance of these cells also was examined. Photoelectrochemical measurements illustrate that all the assembly based cells have certain capabilities to export photocurrent. Especially, the ZnP–A2 assembly with a cyanoacrylic acid group based solar cell has the highest conversion efficiency of 0.81% with a JSC of 3.0 mA/cm2, a VOC of 0.38 V, and a FF of 0.71 among these assembly based solar cells. Additionally, the UV–vis absorption, fluorescence spectra, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were performed to determine the photoelectric behavior as well as morphological structure on the TiO2 surface modified by these assemblies.

The principles of “green chemistry” have been introduced into the procedure of manufacturing synthesis of Amizone. All starting raw materials as solvents have been assessed in accordance with their human toxicity, danger in production, as well as the possible impact on the environment and cost. According to the results of the analysis isonicotinic acid has been chosen as a starting substance for the synthesis at the first step, and the synthetic procedure without solvents has been proposed. The replacement of acetone with isopropanol has been proposed for the alkylation step according to the data concerning toxicity and manufacturing safety. Aqueous ethanol has been chosen as a solvent for recrystallisation. To reduce the impact on the environment the process of conversion of the benzylamine excess into less toxic and flammable hydrochloride has been recommended.

Self-assembling of derivatized aromatic molecules on metals is of interest in the generation of modified surfaces with ionizable groups in order to generate charged surfaces for constructing more complex nanostructured interfaces. In the present contribution we explore the structure, properties, and stability of isonicotinic acid (INA) adsorbed on gold surfaces employing electrochemical and spectroscopic methods as well as DFT calculations at the level of van der Waals interactions (vdW-DFT). Electrochemical results show changes in the kinetics of redox probes due to the self-assembled monolayers (SAMS) formation on the gold surface. Furthermore, SERS experiments indicate that INA species adsorb on gold perpendicularly to the surface through the deprotonated carboxylate group. In addition, due to the ionizable groups involved in the molecular anchorage, some instability of the SAMS of INA is obtained by pH modification of the chemical environment. On the other hand, theoretical calculations indicate that a strong interaction of the carboxylate group to the gold surface at the bridge sites takes place, and the adsorbed species have sufficient mobility at room temperature. The effect of the coverage and the stability of the SAMS are also reported. Fil: Para, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Linarez Pérez, Omar Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Rojas, Mariana Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Lopez Teijelo, Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina

Optically active isoniazid derivatives containing a cyclopropane or cyclobutane fragment have been synthesized by ozonolysis of (+)-Δ3-carene and (–)-α-pinene, followed by treatment of the ozonolysis products with isonicotinic acid hydrazide.

A novel erbium-mercury complex [Er(HIA)3(H2O)2]n [0.5n (2,6-NA)](nHgBr4) (denoted as compound 1, HIA = isonicotinic acid; 2,6-NA = 2,6-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid) has been synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Compound 1 features a one-dimensional (1-D) chain-like structure. A solid state photoluminescence measurement revealed that there are two upconversion emission peaks at 487 nm and 529 nm, of which the latter is stronger. These peaks can be assigned to the characteristic emission of 4f electron intrashell transitions of Er3+ ions 4F7/2 → 4I15/2 and 2H11/2 → 4I15/2. A energy transfer mechanism of photoluminescence emission was described using an energy state diagram of Er3+ ions and isonicotinic acid ligand. Compound 1 shows CIE chromaticity coordinates in the green region (0.1559, 0.5611). Compound 1 has a wide band gap of 2.05 eV, which was revealed by a solid-state UV/Vis diffuse reflection experiment.

In the present article, new complexes of mononuclear palladium, formed by the interaction of PdCl2 with nicotinamide (nta), picolinic acid (pia), and isonicotinic acid (ina) have been isolated in the solid state with 1:2 M ratio affords the new compounds [Pd(nta)2(Cl)2] (I), [Pd(pia)2] (II), and [Pd(ina)2] (III). The mixed ligand complexes with caffeine (caf) as a secondary ligand have been synthesized and formulated as [Pd(nta)(caf)(Cl)2] (IV), [Pd(pia)(caf)(Cl)] (V), and [Pd(ina)(caf)(Cl)] (VI) with ratio of metal: ligand: ligand is 1:1:1. Structures of these products has been established by elemental analyses, conductivity, FTIR, 1H NMR and thermal analysis data. The shifts of the ν(N–H) amino, ν(C N1) pyridine, ν(C O) carboxylic, and ν(C N9) caffeine stretches have been monitored in order to find out the donor sites of the ligands. According to the experimental data, the six complexes can be characterized in the solid state as mononuclear, with a four-coordinate stereochemistry. SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis determined the characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles. The in vitro antibacterial efficiency of the compounds were evaluated by paper disc diffusion method. Compounds were also screened for their anti-cancer activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and breast cancer (Mcf-7) cell lines. This study reveals that [Pd(pia)2] complex has a potent cytotoxic agent against human colorectal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer.

The functionalization of two different alumina morphologies (thin film and nanoparticle) with carboxylic acids is reported. Advancing contact angle measurements show that isonicotinic acid functionalization of a native aluminium oxide surface result in an increase in hydrophilicity. Isonicotinic acid and nicotinic acid functionalised alumina nanoparticles (iNA- NP and NA-NP, respectively) have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), thermo gravimetric analysis-infrared spectroscopy (TGA-IR), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface grafting density for iNA-NP and NA-NP is determined to be 5.4 and 15.6 molecules/nm 2 , respectively. The reaction of iNA-NP with copper(II) acetate has been studied and the stability of the resulting complex species (CuA-iNA-NP) have been determined as a function of pH. UV-visible-near IR absorption spectroscopy indicates uptake of copper acetate from solution, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows a small shift in the nanoparticle N 1 s binding energy after complex formation with copper(II) acetate.

The oxidation of an antitubercular drug isoniazid by a lipopathic oxidant cetyltrimethylammonium dichromate (CTADC) in a nonpolar medium generates isonicotinic acid both in the presence and the absence of acetic acid. The conventional UV–vis spectrophotometric method is used to study the reaction kinetics. The occurrence of the Michaelis–Menten–type kinetics with respect to isoniazid confirms the binding of oxidant and substrate to form a complex before the rate-determining step. The existence of the inverse solvent kinetic isotope effect, k(H2O)/ k(D2O) = 0.7, in an acid-catalyzed reaction proposes a multistep reaction mechanism. A decrease in the rate constant with an increase in [CTADC] reveals the formation of reverse micellar–type aggregates of CTADC in nonpolar solvents. In the presence of different ionic and nonionic surfactants, CTADC forms mixed aggregates and controls the reaction due to the charge on the interface and also due to partition of oxidant and substrate in two different domains. High negative entropy of activation (ΔS‡ = –145 and –159 J K−1 mol−1 in the absence and presence of acetic acid) proposes a more ordered and highly solvated transition state than the reactants. Furthermore, the solvent polarity-reactivity relationship reveals (i) the presence of less polar and less ionic transition state compared to the reactants during the oxidation, (ii) differential contribution from nonpolar and dipolar aprotic solvents toward the reaction process, and (iii) the existence of polarity/hydrophobic switch at log P = 0.73. A suitable mechanism has been proposed on the basis of experimental results. These results may provide insight into the mechanism of isoniazid oxidation in hydrophobic environment and may assist in understanding the drug resistance in different location.

A possibility of the direct monoesterification of β-cyclodextrin with benzoic, p-aminobenzoic, 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic, nicotinic, and isonicotinic acids was shown. Regioselectivity of substitution on the primary hydroxyl groups was confirmed by the means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

The biotransformation of isonicotinamide was investigated using thermophilic intracellular amidase produced from Geobacillus subterraneus RL-2a. Various process parameters, including amount of biocatalyst, substrate feeding rate, enzyme-to-substrate ratio and operational thermostability were systematically examined with the aim of achieving complete substrate conversion and high productivity. In 1 L fed batch reaction containing 0.1 M isonicotinamide, in 0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5, 200 rpm) and 8 U ml −1 amidase activity (12.48 mg dcw ml −1 ) of whole cells of G. subterraneus RL-2a (as biocatalyst) resulted in a yield of 0.1 M of isonicotinic acid after 50 min reaction time at 70 °C and a total of 61.55 g isonicotinic acid was produced at a rate of 1.18 g h −1 g −1 dcw respectively. The volumetric productivity was 14.8 g h −1 l −1 .

The literature survey reveals that pyrazoline derivatives have been studied extensively because of their ready accessibility, diverse chemical reactivity, broad spectrum of biological activity and variety of Industrial applications. Pyrazolines with sulphonamidoaryl substituent at 3-position show cerebroprotective, antidepressant activity , anti-implantation activity, hypoglycemic activity. Due to this vital biological roll of pyrazoline derivatives it was thought to synthesized titled pyrazolines. 2-Acetyl-1-naphthol is prepared by Modified Nenchi’s method which on treatment with furfuraldehyde and KOH gives 1-(1-hydroxy naphthalen-2-yl)-3-(furan-2-yl) prop-2-ene-1-ones in excellent yield. The chalcone when subjected to hydrazine / phenyl hydrazine/ semicarbazide / 2,4 dinitro phenyl hydrazine / isonicotinic acid hydrazide in DMF solvent to gives 3-(1-hydroxy naphthalene-2-yl)-5-(furan-2-yl)-1-substituted pyrazolines in 35-45% yield. All the melting points were taken in silicon oil bath with open capillary tubes and are uncorrected. 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a Brucker AC300 FNMR spectrometer (300MHz), using TMS as an internal standard. IR spectra were recorded on a Nicolet-Impact 400 FT-IR spectrometer. Thin Layer Chromatography on silica gel-G, was used to check the purity of the compounds. Microanalysis of nitrogen was obtained on Colman 29-N analyzer. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR Spectroscopy. All Newly synthesized compound were scanned for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity and all newly synthesized compounds shows an excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activities.

Actinide-based metal–organic materials have drawn much attention due to their intriguing 5f bonding properties and promising applications in nuclear fuels and other fields. Introduction of weak interactions, such as halogen bonds, into actinide–organic hybrid materials will provide them with more flexibility and dynamics. The first case of halogen bonded three-dimensional (3D) uranyl–organic supramolecular frameworks with regular nanoscale channels has been obtained from multifunctional halogen-substituted isonicotinic acids. Distinct from conventional halogen bonded uranyl–organic frameworks, the supramolecular networks obtained here consist of three-component cocrystals and have been assemblied by intensive supramolecular networks to obtain an extended 3D geometry. Moreover, secondary “X3” and “X6” halogen–halogen interactions resulting from the driving forces of primary hydrogen bonds have been found and analyzed by quantum chemical calculation, indicating their feature of weak bonding and special geom...

The temperature dependencies of the saturated vapor pressure for antituberculous drug compounds: pyrazinecarboxamide and three isonicotinic acid hydrazides were obtained using the method of inert gas-carrier transfer. The standard sublimation molar enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs energies were derived at T = 298.15 K. The temperature and fusion molar enthalpy of the compounds were measured using the differential scanning calorimetry technique. The influence of the structure of the studied compounds on the crystal lattice energy and volatility was analyzed. It was estimated that the saturated vapor pressure of the studied substances decreases when the molecule polarizability and donor–acceptor ability increase.

Two scandium coordination polymers, a 2D supermolecule structure {[Sc(OH)(L1)2(H2O)]}n (1) (HL1 = isonicotinic acid), a 1D infinite chain structure {[Sc3(L2)4(H2O)4]·NO3·H2O}n (2) (H2L2 = 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid), as well as a scandium complex {[Sc2(OH)2(L3)2(H2O)4]}n (3) (H2L3 = 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid), were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1-3 are active heterogeneous catalysts for high-yield cyanosilylation of aromatic aldehydes in acetonitrile, particularly for p-nitrobenzaldehyde. Moreover, these three catalysts can be reused three times without significant loss in activity or mass.

Intracellular gene delivery properties of styrene-alt-maleic anhydride based graft co-polymers embedded with various cationic moieties were analyzed. Quaternary nitrogen units were grafted to the polymer via aromatic (quaternized isonicotinic acid), aliphatic (glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and cyclo aliphatic (quaternized piperazine) molecules. Primary/secondary amine-grafted polymers were obtained by conjugating L-arginine and spermine. These amphiphilic graft copolymers readily formed core shell type nanoparticles of size spermine > quaternized isonicotinic acid, L-arginine and glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Excellent endosomal rupturing efficiency (% haemolysis at pH 5.5) was observed for quaternized isonicotinic acid (∼86%), spermine (∼78%) and L-arginine (∼73%) grafts. Polyplexes of the quaternized derivatives showed reduced DNase resistance probably due to electrostatic repulsion of carboxylic side chains. L-Arginine and spermine grafted nanocarriers exhibited efficient DNA complexation and DNase resistance, and hence were evaluated for transfection efficiency in MCF-7 cells. The spermine graft depicted a 1.45 fold higher transfection efficiency than the positive control (branched polyethyleneimine, 25 000 kDa), and the L-arginine graft achieved comparable efficiency to that of the control. These amphiphilic nanocarriers show promising potential for in vivo gene delivery applications due to their lower cytotoxicity, pH responsiveness, large scale production feasibility and ease of chemical modification.

In this study we synthesized the new compounds containing bis-1,3,4-thiadiazole 3(A–D)n from many reaction steps (cyclization, diazotization and etherification respectively). The compounds have been characterized by melting point, FT-IR and 1H NMR data. All the synthesized compounds have been evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activities against several microbes like: Escherichia coli, Klebsiellia pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marscens and Staphylococcus aureus and show that some of these compounds have very good antibacterial activity.

Gold-silver alloy nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical reduction of varying mole fractions of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) by environmentally benign isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) in the presence of starch as a capping agent in aqueous medium. The absorption spectra of Au-Ag nanoparticles show blue shift with increasing silver content indicating the formation of alloy nanoparticles. When the Ag content in the alloy decreases the size of the nanoparticles increases and as a result of which the oxidation potential also increases. The emission maximum undergoes a red shift from 443 to 614 nm. The nanoparticles are monodisperse and spherical with an average particle size of 3-18 nm. The catalytic behavior of alloy nanoparticles indicate that the rate constant for the reduction of 4-nitro phenol to 4-amino phenol increases exponentially from metallic Ag to metallic Au as Au content increases in the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles.

Two new zinc Metal Organic Frameworks(MOFs), Zn(IN)2 (1) and Zn(IN)2(NO3)(H2O) (2)(HIN = isonicotinic acid), have been synthesized and characterized by PXRD,IR, BET surface area test, uv–vis spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescent Spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 is a 3D 3-fold interpenetrating framework. While 2 reveals a 1D chain structure. Different structures resulted in different optical properties. And there was a crystal phase transformation for 2 when it actived at 100 °C.

Reactions of 2-ethoxymethylidene 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with pyridine-2,6- and pyrimidine-4,5-diamines gave the corresponding 2-hetarylaminomethylidene derivatives. Depending on the initial reactant structure, the formation of mono-and/or bis-condensation products is possible. Hetarylaminomethylidene derivatives showed a moderate tuberculostatic effect. 2-Pyridinylaminomethylidene 3-oxo esters were used as ligands to obtain coordination compounds with d- and f-metal ions.