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Population density is a potentially significant determinant of social organization, with high densities often expected to result in greater spatial and social contact among conspecifics. As part of ongoing efforts to document behavioral diversity among tuco-tucos (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae: Ctenomys), we characterized the social organization of a population in Valle Encantado, Parque Nacional Los Cardones, Salta Province, Argentina. Live-trapping and radiotelemety data revealed that despite one of the highest densities recorded for the genus Ctenomys (~75 adults per ha), members of the study population were solitary, with each adult occupying a distinct burrow system and nest site. Co-occurrence of adults at the same point in space and time was detected only twice (<0.5% of data points, n = 997 telemetry fixes). Spatial overlap between neighboring animals was limited and resulted from occasional incursions by 1 individual into the area occupied by a conspecific, with most (87.5%, n = 8) such events occurring when an adult male entered the area occupied by an adult female. Comparisons with other species of Ctenomys for which telemetry data are available did not suggest a relationship between population density and social organization within this genus. Although a formal taxonomic assessment of the tuco-tucos from Valle Encantado is needed, our findings add to a growing comparative understanding of variation in social organization within Ctenomys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Play has been underrepresented in studies of Andean communities, together with the children who are its protagonists. This article, part of a larger ethnographic study, reviews and analyzes manifestations of play in rural localities of the province of Yauyos. It aims to interpret the role of play and reevaluate its importance. With the support of numerous descriptions of places of play, toys, the actors, their motivations and relations, it examines the presence of a "rhetoric of progress" and a "rhetoric of power" in Yauyos children's play. Play constitutes a dominion where the agency of boys, girls, and adolescents emerges with special clarity. The result is the structuring of a child's society that incorporates alliances and cooperation as well as conflicts and exclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pacha: Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we delve into the role of religious images in the doctrine, worship, and social fabric of Catholic faithful in Tunja, Colombia. As a city steeped in colonial heritage, Christianity has become deeply ingrained in both spiritual and cultural aspects of life. The text explores the intricate relationships between believers and sacred images, reflecting on how the imagery encapsulates, while representing, forms of cohesion and social identification mediated by devotional and organizational experiences. It also presents ethnographic and historical references focusing on the experiences of devotion of members of brotherhoods and devotional groups, particularly their involvement in processions and religious celebrations within the city's historic center. As a result of these public activities with the images, there is a binding association between believers and imagery that extends beyond the religious realm, influencing various aspects of collective life. The article discusses two key processes: the borrowing and extraction of images from religious sites, and the significance attributed to these images by believers outside the ecclesiastical institution, extending their value and meaning to guild and organizational processes that are also part of the faithful's lives and social values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, it's proposed that the kinship relationships of the Mesoamerican milperos, contained in a specific terminology, express the requirements of agricultural work and the demands of social and cultural reproduction. The fundamental characteristic of the social organization of Mesoamerican communities is the validity of patrilineal, exogamous systems, which constitute larger social units, domestic communities, the basis of the urban societies that make up the ancient history of Mesoamerica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On April 28, 2021, a social outbreak occurred in Colombia, a demonstration in which the main protagonists were the excluded, racialized and marginalized youth of the country's cities. In this context, the city of Cali was consolidated as the epicenter and referent of social mobilizations at national level, due to the high number of resistance points, the permanence in the streets of the demonstrators, and the embryonic bet of social organization of the Union of Resistance Cali (URC). This paper seeks to reconstruct the process of consolidation of the URC, delving into the difficulties it faced and exalting the organizational forms that emerged in the context of the social outbreak in the city of Cali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El juego ha sido minusvalorado en estudios de la comunidad andina, junto con los niños y las niñas que son sus protagonistas. Este artículo, parte de un estudio etnográfico más amplio, revisa y analiza las manifestaciones del juego en poblados rurales de la provincia de Yauyos. Apunta a una interpretación de su rol y una reevaluación de su importancia. Con el apoyo de numerosas descripciones de los lugares de juego, los juguetes, los actores, sus motivaciones y sus relaciones, se examina la presencia de una «retórica de progreso» y una «retórica de poder» en el juego infantil yauyino. El juego es un dominio donde la agencia de niños, niñas y adolescentes se ejerce con particular claridad. El resultado es la estructuración de una sociedad infantil que acarrea alianzas y cooperación como también conflictos y exclusiones.

El 28 de abril del año 2021 se produjo en Colombia el estallido social, manifestación en la que sus principales protagonistas fueron los jóvenes excluidos, racializados y marginalizados de las ciudades del país. En este contexto, la ciudad de Cali se consolidó como epicentro y referente de las movilizaciones sociales a nivel nacional, debido al alto número de puntos de resistencia, la permanencia en las calles de las y los manifestantes, y la apuesta embrionaria de organización social de la Unión de Resistencias Cali (urc). En este escrito se busca reconstruir el proceso de consolidación de la urc, profundizando en las dificultades que enfrentó y exaltando las formas organizativas que surgieron en el marco del estallido social en la ciudad de Cali.

Introduction: Worldwide, false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) are infrequently encountered, yet long-term studies have shown strong site fidelity as well as long-term associations among individuals in several locations. Detailed studies of this species have primarily been conducted around tropical oceanic islands or in the subtropical southern hemisphere. Objectives: We assess movements and association patterns among false killer whales along the Pacific coasts of the USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica including Isla del Coco, and Panama, representing one of the longest-running (albeit non-continuous) studies of this species. We also examine photos for evidence of interactions with fisheries, a known source of mortality to false killer whales. Methods: From Central America, we selected 212 individuals (50 encounter groups) out of 244 individuals (56 encounters) for inclusion in analyses based on photo quality and distinctiveness. Photos were collected on dedicated surveys from 1991-1994 and dedicated and opportunistic surveys from 1998-2022. Other than the effort off the oceanic Isla del Coco (1993-1994), surveys were undertaken in continental shelf waters. Additionally, we selected by photo quality and distinctiveness 124 (33 encounter groups) out of 189 individuals from southern California and Mexico for inclusion in these analyses. Association patterns were analyzed in SOCPROG and movements were analyzed in R. Results: Of the 328 total individuals, 158 (48.2 %) were encountered more than once, and 114 (34.8 %) were re-sighted after a year or more. The longest individual sighting history spanned 26.2 years with six re-sightings over that period between southern Costa Rica and Panama. Association and movement analyses revealed that individuals identified off southern Costa Rica and Panama linked into a single social network, with extensive movements between the two countries. Three individuals encountered off northern Costa Rica were re-sighted off northern Nicaragua, and individuals encountered off Nicaragua were encountered off Guatemala and central mainland Mexico. Nine matches were found among false killer whales between central mainland Mexico and Central America. There were no matches between the mainland coastal waters and the 33 individuals encountered around Isla del Coco. Dorsal fin disfigurements consistent with interactions with line fisheries ranged from 0 to 21 % for individuals within social clusters identified by community division. Conclusions: The infrequency of sightings combined with a high re-sighting rate of individuals and groups from the same area, suggests multiple small populations with large home ranges that include coastal waters. Small populations are sensitive to environmental changes, and as the human population grows, so do the demands on fisheries and ecotourism, which could directly impact the different populations. Additional effort in offshore areas is needed to determine the population status of false killer whales in pelagic waters, how often false killer whales using coastal waters move into pelagic waters, and the relationship between whales in the two habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una nueva propuesta sobre la estructura social de las comunidades del sureste peninsular durante el periodo de tránsito del Bronce Final y el Hierro Antiguo. A partir del análisis de los patrones de asentamiento y la organización doméstica del espacio de una serie de enclaves, como El Castellar de Librilla (Murcia), La Peña Negra (Alacant), La Sierra de Santa Ana (Murcia) y El Tossal del Morquí (València), describimos un poblamiento inorgánico y descentralizado, que explicamos por una organización social basada en el parentesco bilateral y una estructuración política de tipo heterárquico. Esta nueva propuesta difiere de los modelos de sociedades gentilicias basados en la servidumbre clientelar, que han sido la principal forma de entender las sociedades ibéricas durante los últimos años.

En este artículo se aborda la importancia del pequeño riego que radica en la eficiencia en el manejo y la administración del sistema de riego por medio de la autogestión de los usuarios. Se analiza la estructura de autoridad de las instituciones comunitarias, así como el sistema físico del pequeño riego de acuerdo con los niveles organizativos. Se encontró que las tareas siempre presentes como eje central de estudio, expresan la fortaleza organizativa y el valor del trabajo colectivo direccionado a un fin común, asimismo, la efectividad institucional comunitario con relación al manejo del agua presentó un comportamiento en función de la escasez del líquido y las necesidades comunitarias. Se concluye que la organización social para el pequeño riego representa un impulso directo a la producción agrícola y permite fortalecer la cohesión social de los usuarios en condiciones de escasez y abundancia del líquido vital.

Este artículo evidencia cómo los pueblos indígenas de la Amazonía colombiana aunque parten de específicas identidades que son siempre un resultado relacional, se hallan articulados en extensas redes socioculturales que incluso pueden sobrepasar su afiliación a familias lingüísticas. Apela a las argumentaciones indígenas sobre su identidad y las relaciones de intercambio social, económico y ritual entre diferentes grupos, de lo que depende la producción y reproducción de sus sociedades y culturas. Ello descansa en precisos principios de la organización social que constituyen la urdimbre del tejido de las redes socio-culturales que, sin embargo, no se realizan de manera homogénea e incluso podrían manifestarse de distinta forma, cuya flexibilidad permite la ampliación de sus relaciones de intercambio. Este artículo ilustra tales redes entre los grupos de las familias lingüísticas de los Tucano Oriental del Vaupés; la Gente de Centro hablantes de lenguas Witoto, Bora y Andoke, que habitan el curso medio de los ríos Caquetá y Putumayo; y la gente del río Mirití Paraná y bajo Apaporis que incluyen pueblos indígenas hablantes de lenguas Tucano Oriental y Arawak del Maipure Septentrional.

This article presents results from the excavation and analysis of 11 slab-cist tombs associated with the site of Ayawiri, one of the largest hillforts in the western Lake Titicaca Basin during the Late Intermediate period (LIP; AD 1100–1450). These semi-subterranean tombs typically contain commingled human remains. Variation between and within tombs in the number of individuals, the body parts represented, and the degree of skeletal articulation points to a complex burial practice that likely involved tomb reopening, successive burial, and even the deposition of select body parts. Demographic and mortuary profiles suggest that burial practices were decentralized and flexible, structured by shared attitudes toward "the dead" and the dead body but also subject to the prerogatives and preferences of semi-autonomous corporate groups. This study advances our understanding of a lesser-known mortuary tradition in the Lake Titicaca Basin—one long overshadowed by more prominent burial towers (chullpas)—and sheds new light on the complex interactions that took place between the living and the dead during the LIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows how the indigenous peoples of the Colombian Amazon, although they start from specific identities that are always a relational result, are articulated in extensive sociocultural networks that can even exceed their affiliation to linguistic families. It appeals to indigenous arguments about their identity and the relationship of social, economic and ritual exchange between different groups, on which the production and reproduction of their societies and cultures depend. This rests on precise principles of social organization that constitute the warp of the fabric of socio-cultural networks that, however, are not carried out in a homogeneous way and could even manifest themselves in different ways, whose flexibility allows the expansion of their exchange relationships. This article illustrates such networks between groups of the linguistic families of the Eastern Tucano of Vaupés, the People from the Center who speak Witoto, Bora and Andoke languages and who inhabit the middle course of the Caquetá and Putumayo rivers, and the people of the Mirití-Paraná River and lower Apaporis that include indigenous peoples who speak the Eastern Tucano and Northern Maipure Arawak languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Se ha demostrado el papel fundamental de la organización social en la sustentabilidad de las iniciativas de turismo alternativo. Yaxunah, una comunidad rural de Yucatán, enfrenta grandes retos debido a la existencia de una pluralidad de grupos sociales vinculados al turismo. Conocer sus procesos organizativos internos y la forma en que se relacionan entre ellos, permitió analizar la organización social del turismo. A partir de conceptos de gobernanza y capital social comunitario, se hicieron sugerencias para mejorar la gestión de la actividad turística.

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Chilean housing policy has suffered a profound transformation during the last decades. In the sixties and the beginning of the seventies a model emerged based on community attributes, promoting community organization and the construction of well-provided neighborhoods that, in addition, had abundant public space. In 1973, the focus shifted with the implementation of a subsidiary model that promoted single-family and individual solutions and payed far less attention to the collective development of the residential habitat. Although the continuation of this model until today has significantly reduced the housing shortage, it has been unable able to reproduce a residential space of community ties. This article aims to investigate the impacts of both models on the configuration, use and appropriation of the public space and the neighborhood sociability of the residents through a multi-methods analysis of two social housing projects located in Santiago de Chile. The findings reaffirm the relevance of the history and the organization of the neighborhoods, but also confirm the significance of planned public spaces and the arrangement of the built environment as dimensions that can promote or suppress social practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus) has become an alternative for agricultural production in several municipalities of the province of Lengupá, in the department of Boyacá, Colombia, with an expanding and consolidating international market due to its status as an exotic fruit. This paper presents the results of a mixed methods research conducted with producers affiliated with the PITAFCOL organization in the municipality of Miraflores. The characteristics of the fruit and its market were described, and the socioeconomic conditions of the members of the association, as well as their attitudes of trust, reciprocity, and solidarity under the perspective of social capital (bonding type) were characterized. The conclusions point to the need to strengthen the trust within the organization for its consolidation, improve the organizational practices and seek new allies for processing the fruit to generate added value to the product, as well as alternative economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo expone los resultados de la investigación de Maestría en Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, cuya sistematización de experiencias se centró en comprender la configuración de las subjetividades políticas del colectivo de Mujeres EntreRedes en medio de su proceso de educación popular. Así pues, para llevarlo a cabo se utilizó el método biográfico y autobiográfico narrativo que logró consolidar los objetivos, las prácticas organizativas, los momentos significativos, las actividades, los aprendizajes y los retos que enfrentan las mujeres diversas en el actual contexto capitalista, neoliberal y patriarcal propio del sistema hegemónico globalizador; en consecuencia, se dio cuenta de cómo los sectores populares han impulsado propuestas de educación popular feministas que buscan, a partir de prácticas políticas, transformar los espacios y las estructuras socialmente establecidas. Además, los relatos permitieron comprender que la formación política —como un eje transversal— es un campo productor de conocimiento que permite la materialización de transformaciones sociales e identitarias, en donde cobra especial relevancia la memoria como posibilidad de reconstrucción de la historia individual y colectiva, contribuyendo así a enriquecer el campo epistemológico.

La política habitacional chilena sufrió una profunda transformación durante las últimas décadas. En los años sesenta e inicios de los setenta emergió un modelo basado en atributos comunitarios, promoviendo la organización vecinal y la construcción de barrios bien equipados que contaban con abundante espacio público. En 1973, el foco cambió con la instalación de un modelo subsidiario que promovió la postulación familiar e individual con menos atención al desarrollo colectivo del hábitat residencial. Aunque la continuidad de este modelo hasta la actualidad ha logrado una significativa reducción del déficit habitacional, no ha podido reconstituir un espacio residencial de vínculos comunitarios. Este artículo indaga en las consecuencias de ambos modelos, tanto en la configuración y uso del espacio público, como en la sociabilidad vecinal de sus habitantes mediante un análisis de dos proyectos de vivienda social en Santiago de Chile. Los resultados reafirman la relevancia de la historia y organización barrial, pero también evidencian la importancia del espacio público planificado y de la configuración del entorno construido como dimensiones que pueden motivar o inhibir prácticas sociales.

El actual diálogo intercultural debe acordar qué es cultura. Ésta está emparentada con la organización social: es dinámica, plural y mutable. De manera que no se puede hablar de cultura, sino de culturas. Para que una cultura pueda ser comprendida, las imágenes de sus juegos de lenguaje deben reflejar conductas humanas universales. Un ejemplo, es la expresión del alma trágica en la experiencia estético-cinematográfica de Pasolini, quien trató de profundizar en la naturaleza del hombre.

Comparative studies of closely related species provide a powerful means of identifying the ecological and demographic factors associated with variation in mammalian social systems. Although most members of the subterranean rodent genus Ctenomys are thought to be solitary, the highland tuco-tuco (C. opimus) is group living, meaning that multiple adults share a burrow system and underground nest site. These animals are part of the opimus clade, a monophyletic collection of four named species that occur in northwestern Argentina and adjacent portions of Chile and Bolivia. As a first step toward generating a comparative assessment of social organization within this clade, we characterized spatial relationships among members of a population of Ctenomys at Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Based on geographic location and natural history, these animals were expected to be part of the opimus clade; analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome-b sequences from our study population confirmed this general phylogenetic placement. Radiotelemetry data indicated that the animals at Antofagasta were group living, with up to three adult females and one adult male sharing a burrow system. In contrast to other group-living ctenomyids, however, individuals did not consistently share nest sites. Comparisons of these data with re-analyses of spatial relationships among members of the population of C. opimus studied by O'Brien et al. (2020) revealed several intriguing differences in social organization, potential explanations for which include short-term responses to variable demographic and ecological conditions as well as more enduring responses to differences in local selective pressures. Further comparative analyses of these populations and, more generally, members of this subclade of Ctenomys will help to elucidate the factors contributing to variation in social behavior within this speciose and geographically widespread genus. Los estudios comparativos de especies estrechamente relacionadas proporcionan un recurso eficaz para identificar los factores ecológicos y demográficos asociados con la variación en los sistemas sociales de los mamíferos. Aunque se cree que la mayoría de los miembros del género de roedores subterráneos Ctenomys son solitarios, el tuco-tuco andino (C. opimus) vive en grupos, lo que significa que varios adultos comparten el sistema de túneles y el nido (O'Brien et al. 2020). Esta especie forma parte del clado opimus, un grupo monofilético con cuatro especies reconocidas, distribuidas en el noroeste de Argentina y partes adyacentes de Chile y Bolivia. Como primer paso para generar una evaluación comparativa con base filogenética de la organización social dentro del clado, caracterizamos las relaciones espaciales entre los miembros de una población de Ctenomys en Antofagasta de la Sierra, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. En base a su ubicación geográfica e historia natural, se esperaba que estos animales fueran parte del clado opimus. Así, los análisis de las secuencias del citocromo b mitocondrial de nuestra población de estudio confirmaron esta ubicación filogenética general. Los datos de radiotelemetría revelaron que los animales de Antofagasta viven en grupo, con hasta tres hembras adultas y un macho adulto compartiendo el sistema de túneles. Sin embargo, a diferencia de otros ctenomidos que viven en grupo, usualmente los individuos no compartieron regularmente los nidos. La comparación entre los datos de este trabajo con los nuevos análisis de las relaciones espaciales entre los miembros de la población de C. opimus estudiados por O'Brien et al. (2020) revelan diferencias notables en la organización social, cuyas potenciales explicaciones incluyen respuestas a corto plazo debido a la variabilidad en la demografía y en las condiciones ambientales, así como también respuestas a largo plazo como resultado de diferentes presiones de selección locales. Futuros análisis comparativos entre estas poblaciones y entre miembros de este clado de Ctenomys ayudarán a dilucidar los factores que contribuyen a la variación en el comportamiento social dentro de este género específico geográficamente extendido. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El siglo XXI se ha caracterizado por la tendencia a observar la realidad desde un enfoque integral y humanista, como parte de la propia evolución del hombre en su relación con el entorno, incluyendo en esa observación el ámbito organizacional. Considerando este escenario, se desarrolló una investigación que permitiera revelar el significado de la universidad autónoma venezolana como organización social desde la perspectiva de su gerencia (autoridades rectorales), la cual fue enmarcada en el paradigma interpretativo, siguiendo los pasos del enfoque cualitativo, el método hermenéutico y el análisis de contenido como técnica de trabajo. Para obtener la información requerida se consideraron referentes teóricos vinculantes y se ubicaron documentos institucionales de acceso público relacionados directamente con siete representantes de las universidades autónomas nacionales, quienes conformaron las unidades de análisis, emergiendo las categorías autonomía, compromiso, comunidad, deber, poder de la unidad, universidad y valores, basando la fiabilidad del estudio en una triangulación de datos y de teoría. Los hallazgos permitieron concluir que la universidad autónoma venezolana, a pesar de su complicada situación actual, puede definirse como una organización social trascendente, democrática y autónoma, siendo considerada gerencialmente como la cuna histórica del pensamiento libre y plural, con capacidad para adaptarse a los cambios.

El espacio público es un lugar de encuentro, interacción y cohesión para el desarrollo de diversas actividades de los habitantes. Sin embargo, la desatención y escasez de acciones para su mejoramiento ha conllevado a su deterioro y a su pérdida paulatina. Este es el caso de la colonia San Manuel, ubicada al suroriente de Puebla, México, a través de la cual se muestra como las malas condiciones del espacio público no solo han derivado en su cuasi abandono, sino que se ha convertido en un lugar propicio para delinquir. Asimismo, se detectan cuáles son las acciones realizadas por los vecinos organizados para disminuir este problema. La metodología es cualitativa y se implementó a través de cuatro técnicas: revisión documental, entrevistas semidirigidas, reuniones vecinales y recorridos de campo. Entre los resultados destacan que recuperar el espacio público puede mutar positivamente un espacio que no se utiliza y evita el riesgo de que se convirtiera en un escenario apto para delinquir. Por esto es necesaria y urgente la acción conjunta vecinal sin des responsabilizar a los gobiernos locales. Sin embargo, el proceso puede aletargarse cuando la organización es débil, desarticulada y con poca comunicación con el sector público, por lo que es necesario establecer estrategias de comunicación para mejorar la organización. Para ello las instituciones de educación superior pueden ayudar a detonar acciones de trabajo colaborativo entre los sectores público y social.

Gorgociles del Escabezado II es un pequeño enclave cerrado por un gran muro perimetral de tendencia circular-ovalada, habitado durante un breve periodo de tiempo una vez iniciado el II milenio BC. Su estudio permite profundizar en su desarrollo arquitectónico y formas constructivas, realizadas con mampostería y amasado de barro, así como en la organización social y características del poblamiento del altiplano murciano en la Edad del Bronce. Su singular planta combina muros de tendencia recta y curva, situándonos entre rasgos arquitectónicos característicos del Calcolítico y de la Edad del Bronce. Se han podido reconocer distintas estructuras para el equipamiento interno de las estancias, incluyendo un posible troje, con una completa documentación de su materialidad en relación con sus espacios. Ello supone una aportación fundamental al conocimiento de las comunidades humanas que habitaron dicho territorio, así como a la investigación de los grupos arqueológicos del sudeste de la península ibérica en estas cronologías.

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Se presentan los resultados históricos derivados de la primera fase de la investigación sobre este importante yacimiento, realizada exclusivamente a partir de métodos no invasivos. Los datos recuperados a partir de la prospección pedestre y geofísica han permitido verificar la condición urbana del asentamiento, atestiguada tanto por sus dimensiones como por su complejidad estructural y la naturaleza de los materiales muebles recuperados, que sugieren actividades económicas especializadas y la coexistencia de distintos sectores sociales. La desaparición del asentamiento en torno a 200 a. C. confirma el profundo impacto de la conquista romana en los patrones de poblamiento del mundo ibérico septentrional.

Con esta contribución se propone identificar y analizar cómo los actores sociales locales se relacionan con sus bosques y perciben los efectos de acciones de conservación de suelos y agua llevadas a cabo en la región, con el objetivo de generar recomendaciones para el diseño y puesta en práctica de acciones más asertivas en cuanto a las necesidades y demandas locales. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la microcuenca Ichupio, perteneciente a la cuenca del lago de Pátzcuaro, en el estado de Michoacán, México. Los resultados indican potenciales conflictos entre comunidades por el uso de los bosques, la ausencia de organización social para el establecimiento de un plan de manejo forestal sostenible, así como observaciones por parte de la población local a la implementación de acciones de conservación. Se concluye argumentando acerca de la necesidad de replantear las estrategias sobre las acciones de conservación, desde una territorialización efectiva, a fin de atacar las causas de la problemática y no solamente sus síntomas, para que puedan realmente cumplir con su mandato de recuperar y conservar la base de recursos naturales.

The purpose of this article is to characterize the community care actions that have been part of the coping strategies adopted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Independencia commune in Santiago, Chile. Despite the fact that the organized community mobilized resources and worked tirelessly to sustain life from the very beginning of the pandemic, the authorities have insisted on blaming the population for the spread of the virus, pointing to an alleged neglect of care. As part of a qualitative case study, intended to characterize community response to the pandemic, twelve semi-structured interviews were held with members of different social organizations in Independencia, along with a number of ethnographic visits. The analysis characterizes the territory, and addresses the social consequences left by the pandemic, the community actions taken in this context, and the community's assessment of these. The results allow us to sustain that organizational logics have changed in Independencia since the so-called Chilean Estallido Social or Social Outburst which took place in October 2019, and, in this context of socio-political crisis and deficient state response, the health emergency is being dealt with by means of community care actions. We conclude that people respond to the consequences of the pandemic collectively, through actions intended to sustain life, and to constitute a political praxis derived from the revitalization of the community fabric as a result of the social outbreak. The originality and contribution of this article is that it addresses an experience that encourages reflection on the importance of care in sustaining a community. It points to an anthropology of community care that promotes and disseminates the possibilities of a caring social life, understanding that we exist in a world that requires extensive reparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: the Latin American and Caribbean Continental Organization of Students since its foundation, fights in defense of university autonomy, freedom, plurality of the academy and public education. It promotes and develops the effective solidarity of students in their struggle against imperialism. Objective: to describe the role of the Latin American and Caribbean Continental Organization of Students in representation of Latin American student movements. Method: a search for information was carried out between October 2020 and February 2021; available articles were reviewed on Scopus, SciELO and Redalyc databases. About 63 items were found, of which 27 met the inclusion criteria of the research. Development: founded in the IV Latin American Congress of Student Associations, on August 11, 1966 in Havana, with the University Student Federation of Cuba as president until today. The Latin American and Caribbean Student Congresses continued to be held in the 70's, 80's and 90's, discussing the organization's guidelines of work for the next periods, agreeing on actions of solidarity with peoples oppressed by imperialism and in processes of struggles for national emancipation, Conclusions: as well as reaffirming the founding principles of OCLAE. Conclusions: the Latin American and Caribbean Continental Organization of Students is one of the Latin American organizations that advocate the integration of the region, defend and fight for social gains, free and equal access for all students.

Se caracterizan los vínculos y recursos para el cuidado infantil en una población rural con base en datos cualitativos en el marco de una investigación etnográfica. El apoyo social para el cuidado proviene principalmente de vínculos parentales, de cooperación y complementariedad intergeneracional e intragénero, y en menor medida, de vínculos domésticos e institucionales cuya elección combina atributos personales, localización, accesibilidad y confianza. Se aporta evidencia sobre estrategias y formas de organización social de sectores de la población escasamente estudiados como base para políticas públicas que atiendan a la diversidad de modos de vida.

El ecoturismo, como estrategia de desarrollo comunitario, busca alcanzar simultáneamente la conservación y el desarrollo, pero su diseño no considera la complejidad de los contextos locales donde se implementa. Este estudio analiza la relación entre la configuración del contexto sociopolítico local y regional, y el desarrollo de dos iniciativas ecoturísticas en la Zona Maya de Quintana Roo, México, mediante herramientas cualitativas. La implementación de esta estrategia deriva en modelos de ecoturismo diferentes, aun en comunidades de la misma zona. Estas diferencias dependen del tipo de organización social del que provienen las iniciativas, el cual influye en sus dinámicas socioeconómicas y ambientales. Se discute la pertinencia del ecoturismo como estrategia genérica de conservación y desarrollo, los resultados mixtos de su implementación y la importancia de las formas de organización social en su desarrollo.

Introduction: Scarlet macaw populations in Mexico have declined or become extinct in some regions. In Chiapas, Mexico there have been different strategies for their conservation. The objective of this study was to describe the process and implementation of management and conservation strategies for the scarlet macaw (Ara macao). Also, to investigate how these activities have impacted their populations. The perception of the community of Reforma Agraria on the implementation of these strategies was described. Method: therefore, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with ecotourism service providers, members of the Ara macao Cooperative and ejidatarios to record the processes of implementing management strategies and perceptions about these activities. The first part of this interview consisted of people's demographic data. The second part, four categories were established to describe: a) social organization: origin, organization of the ejido area and the Ecotourism Center; b) economic activities; c) management and conservation strategies for the scarlet macaw, and d) obstacles to conservation. The data were systematized through conceptualization, organization of ideas and structured chronologically. Also, the eBird macaw records database was analyzed and sampling was conducted in the ejido to record macaws in two line transects and two elevated observation points in early 2020. Results: strategies such as the installation of nesting boxes, the establishment of Wildlife Conservation Management Units, Voluntary Conservation Area and ecotourism were identified. Ecotourism was recognized as an economically relevant activity with 63 %, compared to agriculture, cattle ranching, and woodworking. Analysis of the eBird database showed a mean of 5.3 records and did not vary over the 5 years analyzed (P = 0.65). In this study, 81 scarlet macaws were recorded in the line transects, with an estimated abundance index of = 2.95 ± 2.51 ind/km. Using the elevated observation point, 90 scarlet macaws were recorded, with a maximum number of 19 birds per sampling, and with an estimated abundance index of = 3.55 ± 2.39 ind/h. The initiatives for the conservation of the scarlet macaw that have been implemented in the community through the ejidal organization and the consolidation of the Ecotourism Center Las Guacamayas have been fundamental locally for the maintenance of the macaws in the area. Discussion or Conclusion: the initiatives, commitments, and self-governance of the Reforma Agraria land, have made it possible to maintain these conservation strategies in favor of the scarlet macaw populations in Chiapas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present exposition aims to investigate what happens after the sentence of a structural case centered on the right to the environment in an urban territory. We will take the case of the judicialization of the sanitation of the Matanza Riachuelo basin, one of the most polluted areas of Argentina, which runs through the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. The ruling involved the deployment of a battery of policies, including the urbanization and relocation of informal settlements located in the basin. In this work we will investigate the representations of the inhabitants of these neighborhoods about their environment and their rights in general. In addition, the state actions and the traditions of the villeros movements in the area will be analyzed as elements to consider to investigate the characteristics of these perceptions. A qualitative methodology was used, carrying out field work in two settlements in the basin between 2014 and 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe relationships and resources involved in the social organization of childcare in a rural community, based on qualitative data obtained within the framework of an ethnographic research. Social support for caretaking comes mainly from parental ties, intergenerational and intragender cooperation and complementarity, and to a lesser extent, from domestic and institutional ties, the choice of which combines personal attributes, location, accessibility and trust. Evidence is provided on strategies and forms of social organization of sectors of the population that have been scarcely studied to serve as a basis for public policies to address diverse lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Eleuthera is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo resume los resultados de un proceso investigativo desarrollado en el barrio Villas de Aranjuez de la ciudad de Cartagena Bolívar, el cual muestra las percepciones de desarrollo comunitario que desde su comunidad han recreado las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado asentadas en esa localidad durante el periodo 2014 - 2018. La comunidad está habitada principalmente por población víctima de desplazamiento forzado, provenientes de distintos lugares del país, lo cual generó interrogantes en relación con las percepciones de desarrollo comunitario propiciadas por las personas que han vivido este fenómeno, así como las acciones que ejecutan para salir adelante, porque, como es de conocimiento común, las víctimas de desplazamiento forzado sufren una serie de daños, pérdidas y transformaciones que afectan su estabilidad, seguridad y capacidad para decidir e incidir sobre su vida y vislumbrar un futuro deseable.

La sociedad civil ha sido estudiada desde los elementos que la componen, sin embargo, poca literatura lo hace desde la perspectiva de la civilidad. Esta implica una postura de las organizaciones, colectivos y movimientos sociales cuya finalidad sea generar acciones colectivas, un capital social positivo y un discurso público coincidente con la promoción y protección de los derechos humanos.

Las sociedades humanas se asemejan a la organización de los sistemas vivos como totalidades abiertas, dinámicas, complejas e inacabadas que son sometidas a saltos, cambios de fase, ciclos de evolución-involución, degradación y quiebre. Comprender el concepto de sociedad humana compleja y argumentar cómo estas sociedades se comportan como sistemas vivos e inteligentes, es el objetivo de este escrito. De esta manera se presenta una reflexión sobre este tipo de sociedades como totalidades bio-sociales desde una nueva propuesta innovadora y creativa de las ciencias sociales, relacionada con perspectivas epistemológicas provenientes de las teorías de la complejidad.