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The structure and energetics of the simplest vic-disulfoxide CH3S(O)S(O)CH3 and its key isomers are reported. The B3LYP structure obtained for 5,5-di-t-butyltetrathiolane-2, 3-dioxide reproduces the essential structural parameters of the known vic-disulfinyl compound, 5-(1-adamantyl)-5-tert-butyltetrathiolane-2,3-dioxide.

Bis(dialkylamide)hydrogen dibromobromate is used as a source of BrO(super -), and is shown that rates of dephosphorylation are similar with BrO(super -) generated from these complexes or from Br2-H2O. Reactions of 4-nitrophenyl tosylate, with BrO(super -) are rapid with 0.1 M BrO(super -), under conditions in which oxidations of organic sulfides are too fast to be followed by conventional methods.

Cysteamine has reduced selenocystamine to form hemiselenocystamine and then cystamine and their rate constants are similar for reactions of cysteine/selenocystine. The reaction rates of selenium as a nucleophile and as an electrophile are 2-3 and 4 orders magnitude higher than those of sulfur.

The formation of micelles from a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) end-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAM)) derivative is described. The studies have shown that the chemical oxidation and complexation properties of the TTF unit are used for disrupting the micelle architecture to release the hydrophobic dye Nile Red from the interior of the micelle.

The structural and enzymological characterization of the human R194H mutant in longer form (lf) and short, cytokine-like, form of augmenter of liver regeneration (sfALR) is presented. The studies have shown the impact of the conservative R149H mutation on the stability of dimeric ALR.

An electrochemical STM setup was employed to study the electron transport characteristics in redox molecule-modified tunneling junctions Au(111)/6-thiohexanoylferrocene (Fc6)/solution gap/Au STM tip in the absence and in the presence of gold nanoclusters. The results demonstrated the power of the electrochemical approach in molecular electronics and offered a new perspective toward two-state and multistate electronic switching in condensed media at room temperature.

A highly regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of exTTF-containing azomethine ylides to the endofullerene was performed to synthesize the stable donor-acceptor conjugates involving an endohedral metallofullerene, [La.sub.2]@[I.sub.h]-[C.sub.80], and [pi]-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF). The results provide insight into the redox active character of the system due to the presence of both donor and acceptor groups and the electrochemically reversible character of the endofullerene which confirms the presence of the [5,6] adduct.

The recombinant proteins from Mycobacterium smegmatis are used to identify the ergothioneine biosynthetic gene cluster from mycobacteria and in vitro reconstitution of biosynthetic process. The findings indicated that ergothioneine productions are a frequent trait among fungi, actinobacteria, and cyanobacteria but also occurs in numerous bacteroidetes and proteobacteria.

A radical-based molecular mechanism for the path of Ras-targeting thiopurines used in conjunction with redox agents is presented. The study results indicated that the oncogenic Ras in model cancer cell lines forms a complex with thioguanine nucleotide that is derived from long-term treatment with thiopurines.

The development of metal-free organic sensitizers is very important in dye-sensitized solar cells and photovoltaic conversion with a new class of stable tetrathiafulvalene derivatives has shown electrochemical and kinetic properties. The proof-of-concept has shown that sensitizers with a small driving force has operated functionally in dye-sensitized solar cells and has helped in reducing photovoltage losses due to poor energetic alignment of the materials.

The article studies the iron-sulfur cluster of pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme (PFL-AE) in whole cells that undergoes cluster interconversion and a valence-localized in vitro, with only the [[4Fe-4S].sup.2+] cluster state. Findings reveal changes in cluster composition of PFL-AE in response to the redox state of the cell.

The synthesis and structural characterization of a a dithieno[3,2-c:2',3'-e](1,2-dihydro-1,2-diborin) derivative and its dianion salts as a B-B bond-containing polycyclic [pi]-electron system. An intriguing countercation effect exhibited by the dianion salts on their photophysical properties indicated a possible electronic tuning by the countercations.

The product ratios are studied from the reductive cleavage of di-4-tolylethylsulfonium and di-4-tolyl-2-phenylethylsulfonium salts by a variety of one-electron reducing agents ranging in potential from -0.77 to +2.5 eV and including thermal reductants, indirect electrolyses mediated by a series of cyanoaromatics and excited singlet states. The differences between reductive cleavages of mono- and diarylsulfonium salts are direct consequences of the structures of the sulfuranyl radical intermediates and the bond dissociation energies of the alkyl and aryl bonds.

A molecular imprinting method is applied for constructing prosthetic group-coupled tunable binding cavities for bisphenol A (BPA) and a novel template molecule is designed, with a structure consisting of BPA covalently conjugated with allyl(4-carboxyphenyl)disulfides through ester bonds (BPA-D). The noncovalent-type ion-paired cofactors are introduced when the two thiol groups in the apo-type cavities are oxidized to sulfonic acid groups and various prosthetic groups and cofactors are used for tuning binding properties of the holo-type cavities.

The complex [[iron(III) (octaphenylsulfonato)porphyrazine].sup.5-] ([Fe.sup.III](Pz)) is synthesized and the p[K.sub.a] values of the axially coordinated water molecules are determined. The results have shown that the [Fe.sup.III](Pz) complex has acted as an effective catalyst in oxidation reactions especially at higher pH.