1. Comparative in vitro toxicological effects of water-soluble and insoluble components of atmospheric PM 2.5 on human lung cells.
- Author
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Wei Y, Chen Y, Hong Y, Chen J, Li HB, Li H, Yao X, Mehmood T, Feng X, and Luo XS
- Subjects
- Humans, A549 Cells, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Solubility, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Water chemistry, Seasons, Particulate Matter toxicity, Cell Survival drug effects, Air Pollutants toxicity, Lung drug effects, Lung cytology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
- Abstract
Fine particulates in city air significantly impact human health, but the hazardous compositional mechanisms are still unclear. Besides the toxicity of environmental PM
2.5 to in vitro human lung epithelial cells (A549), the independent cytotoxicity of PM2.5 -bound water-soluble (WS-PM2.5 ) and water-insoluble (WIS-PM2.5 ) fractions were also compared by cell viability, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS), and inflammatory injury (IL-6 and TNF-α). The cytotoxicity of PM2.5 varied significantly by sampling season and place, with degrees greater in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, related to corresponding trend of air PM2.5 level, and also higher in industrial than urban site, although their PM2.5 pollution levels were comparable. The PM2.5 bound metals (Ni, Cr, Fe, and Mn) may contribute to cellular injury. Both WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5 posed significant cytotoxicity, that WS-PM2.5 was more harmful than WIS-PM2.5 in terms of decreasing cell viability and increasing inflammatory cytokines production. In particular, industrial samples were usually more toxic than urban samples, and those from summer were generally less toxic than other seasons. Hence, in order to mitigate the health risks of PM2.5 pollution, the crucial targets might be components of heavy metals and soluble fractions, and sources in industrial areas, especially during the cold seasons., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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