6,990 results
Search Results
2. Investigation of Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Microbial Pathogens in Pulp and Paper Mill Biosolids
- Author
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Croteau, M. C., Renner, V. E., Archibald, F., Langlois, V. S., Cahn, J., Ridal, J., Trudeau, V. L., and Lean, D. R. S.
- Published
- 2007
3. Paper-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Nucleic Acids from Pathogens
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Jiangshan Wang, Josiah Levi Davidson, Simerdeep Kaur, Andres A. Dextre, Mohsen Ranjbaran, Mohamed S. Kamel, Shreya Milind Athalye, and Mohit S. Verma
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paper-based biosensors ,pathogens ,point-of-care testing ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Paper-based biosensors are microfluidic analytical devices used for the detection of biochemical substances. The unique properties of paper-based biosensors, including low cost, portability, disposability, and ease of use, make them an excellent tool for point-of-care testing. Among all analyte detection methods, nucleic acid-based pathogen detection offers versatility due to the ease of nucleic acid synthesis. In a point-of-care testing context, the combination of nucleic acid detection and a paper-based platform allows for accurate detection. This review offers an overview of contemporary paper-based biosensors for detecting nucleic acids from pathogens. The methods and limitations of implementing an integrated portable paper-based platform are discussed. The review concludes with potential directions for future research in the development of paper-based biosensors.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Potential for Parasite and Bacteria Transmission by Paper Currency in Nigeria
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Uneke, C.J. and Ogbu, O.
- Published
- 2007
5. reg watch: White papers set stage for regulating distribution system water quality
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SCHARFENAKER, MARK A.
- Published
- 2002
6. Bacterial contamination of Ugandan paper currency notes possessed by food vendors around Mulago Hospital complex, Uganda
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Muhumuza Allan, Catherine Atuhaire, Musisi Nathan, Francis Ejobi, and Samuel Nambile Cumber
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bacterial contamination ,pathogens ,food vendors ,escherichia coli ,staphylococcus aureus ,paper notes ,Medicine - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Paper currency notes, exchangeable fomite, that is continuously contaminated because of the poor handling and storage practices. Objective: the general objective of the study was to determine the bacterial contamination of paper currency notes possessed by food vendors around Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. White Paper: Recommendations on the Conduct of Superiority and Organism-Specific Clinical Trials of Antibacterial Agents for the Treatment of Infections Caused by Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens
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Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
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- 2012
- Full Text
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8. Whole genome sequence of Vibrio cholerae directly from dried spotted filter paper.
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Bénard, Angèle H. M., Guenou, Etienne, Fookes, Maria, Ateudjieu, Jerome, Kasambara, Watipaso, Siever, Matthew, Rebaudet, Stanislas, Boncy, Jacques, Adrien, Paul, Piarroux, Renaud, Sack, David A., Thomson, Nicholas, and Debes, Amanda K.
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CHOLERA ,TREPONEMA pallidum ,FILTER paper ,VIBRIO cholerae ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,HEALTH facilities ,CHOLERA toxin - Abstract
Background: Global estimates for cholera annually approximate 4 million cases worldwide with 95,000 deaths. Recent outbreaks, including Haiti and Yemen, are reminders that cholera is still a global health concern. Cholera outbreaks can rapidly induce high death tolls by overwhelming the capacity of health facilities, especially in remote areas or areas of civil unrest. Recent studies demonstrated that stool specimens preserved on filter paper facilitate molecular analysis of Vibrio cholerae in resource limited settings. Specimens preserved in a rapid, low-cost, safe and sustainable manner for sequencing provides previously unavailable data about circulating cholera strains. This may ultimately provide new information to shape public policy response on cholera control and elimination. Methodology/Principal findings: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) recovered close to a complete sequence of the V. cholerae O1 genome with satisfactory genome coverage from stool specimens enriched in alkaline peptone water (APW) and V. cholerae culture isolates, both spotted on filter paper. The minimum concentration of V. cholerae DNA sufficient to produce quality genomic information was 0.02 ng/μL. The genomic data confirmed the presence or absence of genes of epidemiological interest, including cholera toxin and pilus loci. WGS identified a variety of diarrheal pathogens from APW-enriched specimen spotted filter paper, highlighting the potential for this technique to explore the gut microbiome, potentially identifying co-infections, which may impact the severity of disease. WGS demonstrated that these specimens fit within the current global cholera phylogenetic tree, identifying the strains as the 7
th pandemic El Tor. Conclusions: WGS results allowed for mapping of short reads from APW-enriched specimen and culture isolate spotted filter papers this provided valuable molecular epidemiological sequence information on V. cholerae strains from remote, low-resource settings. These results identified the presence of co-infecting pathogens while providing rare insight into the specific V. cholerae strains causing outbreaks in cholera-endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Poly(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)-modified cellulose paper for the extraction of deoxyribonucleic acid by a laboratory-built automated extraction device.
- Author
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Fang, Xun, Pu, Xiaoxiao, Xie, Wenting, Yang, Wenjuan, and Jia, Li
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ESCHERICHIA coli , *DNA , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *ADSORPTION capacity , *THREE-dimensional printing - Abstract
• A cost-effective and eco-friendly polyDOPA@paper was prepared for DNA extraction. • The adsorption capacity of polyDOPA@paper for DNA was 20.7 μg cm−2. • An automated extraction system was designed to ensure results consistency. • The DNA extraction platform averts the need for specialized training of operators. • The platform combined with qPCR realized the detection of E. coli in milk samples. The success of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) depends on the quality of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) templates. This study developed a cost-effective and eco-friendly DNA extraction system utilizing poly(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)-modified cellulose paper (polyDOPA@paper). PolyDOPA@paper was prepared by oxidatively self-polymerizing DOPA under weak alkaline conditions and utilizing the adhesive property of polyDOPA on different materials. Compared to the uncoated cellulose paper, polyDOPA coating significantly enhances DNA adsorption owing to its abundant amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl moieties. The DNA extraction mechanism using polyDOPA@paper was discussed. The maximum adsorption capacity of polyDOPA@paper for DNA was 20.7 μg cm−2. Moreover, an automated extraction system was designed and fabricated using 3D printing technology. The device simplifies the operation and ensures the reproducibility and consistency of the results. More importantly, it eliminates the need for specialized training of operators. The feasibility of the polyDOPA@paper-based automated extraction system was evaluated by quantitatively detecting Escherichia coli in spiked milk samples via a real-time PCR. The detection limit was 102 cfu mL−1. The results suggest that the system would have significant potential in detecting pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. RESEARCH PAPER: Crosstalk between plant responses to pathogens and herbivores: a view from the outside in
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Taylor, Jane E., Hatcher, Paul E., and Paul, Nigel D.
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- 2004
11. ESEARCH PAPER: Reactive oxygen species production in association with suberization: evidence for an NADPH-dependent oxidase
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Razem, Fawzi A. and Bernards, Mark A.
- Published
- 2003
12. Paper-based ELISA diagnosis technology for human brucellosis based on a multiepitope fusion protein
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Han Li, Hai Jiang, Mingjun Sun, Qiongqiong Bai, Dehui Yin, Jingpeng Zhang, Xiling Wu, and Jihong Shao
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Bacterial Diseases ,Serum Proteins ,B Cells ,RC955-962 ,Disease ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Epitope ,Cell Fusion ,Epitopes ,White Blood Cells ,Medical Conditions ,Filter Paper ,Animal Cells ,Zoonoses ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays ,biology ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Laboratory Equipment ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Engineering and Technology ,Pathogens ,Cellular Types ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,China ,Cell Physiology ,Immune Cells ,Immunology ,Equipment ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Brucella ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Microbiology ,Brucellosis ,Antigen ,Diagnostic Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunoassays ,Antibody-Producing Cells ,Microbial Pathogens ,B cell ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Blood Cells ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Tropical Diseases ,Fusion protein ,Virology ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,Immunologic Techniques ,business - Abstract
Background Brucellosis, as a serious zoonotic infectious disease, has been recognized as a re-emerging disease in the developing countries worldwide. In china, the incidence of brucellosis is increasing each year, seriously threatening the health of humans as well as animal populations. Despite a quite number of diagnostic methods currently being used for brucellosis, innovative technologies are still needed for its rapid and accurate diagnosis, especially in area where traditional diagnostic is unavailable. Methodology/Principal findings In this study, a total of 22 B cell linear epitopes were predicted from five Brucella outer membrane proteins (OMPs) using an immunoinformatic approach. These epitopes were then chemically synthesized, and with the method of indirect ELISA (iELISA), each of them displayed a certain degree of capability in identifying human brucellosis positive sera. Subsequently, a fusion protein consisting of the 22 predicted epitopes was prokaryotically expressed and used as diagnostic antigen in a newly established brucellosis testing method, nano-ZnO modified paper-based ELISA (nano-p-ELISA). According to the verifying test using a collection of sera collected from brucellosis and non-brucellosis patients, the sensitivity and specificity of multiepitope based nano-p-ELISA were 92.38% and 98.35% respectively. The positive predictive value was 98.26% and the negative predictive value was 91.67%. The multiepitope based fusion protein also displayed significantly higher specificity than Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen. Conclusions B cell epitopes are important candidates for serologically testing brucellosis. Multiepitope fusion protein based nano-p-ELISA displayed significantly sensitivity and specificity compared to Brucella LPS antigen. The strategy applied in this study will be helpful to develop rapid and accurate diagnostic method for brucellosis in human as well as animal populations., Author summary Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world and has caused tremendous economic losses in agriculture and animal husbandry in many countries. Developing rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic methods is very important for early detection and treatment of brucellosis patients. In this study, a novel diagnostic technique, nano-ZnO modified paper ELISA, was established. The antigen used in this technique was a fusion protein containing multiple B cell epitopes, which were predicted from Brucella major outer membrane proteins such as Bp26, Omp31, Omp16, Omp2b and Omp25. Comparing to traditional LPS antigen, this multiepitope based antigen displayed considerably higher sensitivity and higher specificity in laboratory. With the strategy described in this paper, more efficient epitopes and protein antigen can be identified in the future. Currently, LPS antigen is only prepared from live Brucella, while protein antigen can be produced in large quantities in prokaryotic expression system. In addition to nano-p-ELISA, this protein antigen can also be used for development other methods such as fluorescent polarization assay (FPA) and immunochromatographic assay (ICA) to meet the varied demand for brucellosis testing.
- Published
- 2021
13. ABSTRACTS: Summaries of papers and posters presented at the Seventh Hellenic Phytopathological Congress Athens, Greece, November 8-10, 1994
- Published
- 1996
14. Pre-cut Filter Paper for Detecting Anti-Japanese Encephalitis Virus IgM from Dried Cerebrospinal Fluid Spots.
- Author
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Bharucha, Tehmina, Chanthongthip, Anisone, Phuangpanom, Soumphou, Phonemixay, Ooyanong, Sengvilaipaseuth, Onanong, Vongsouvath, Manivanh, Lee, Sue, Newton, Paul N., and Dubot-Pérès, Audrey
- Subjects
- *
FILTER paper , *JAPANESE encephalitis viruses , *FLAVIVIRUSES , *CEREBROSPINAL fluid , *BODY fluids - Abstract
Background: The use of filter paper as a simple, inexpensive tool for storage and transportation of blood, ‘Dried Blood Spots’ or Guthrie cards, for diagnostic assays is well-established. In contrast, there are a paucity of diagnostic evaluations of dried cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spots. These have potential applications in low-resource settings, such as Laos, where laboratory facilities for central nervous system (CNS) diagnostics are only available in Vientiane. In Laos, a major cause of CNS infection is Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). We aimed to develop a dried CSF spot protocol and to evaluate its diagnostic performance using the World Health Organisation recommended anti-JEV IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (JEV MAC-ELISA). Methodology and Principal Findings: Sample volumes, spotting techniques and filter paper type were evaluated using a CSF-substitute of anti-JEV IgM positive serum diluted in Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) to end-limits of detection by JEV MAC-ELISA. A conventional protocol, involving eluting one paper punch in 200μl PBS, did not detect the end-dilution, nor did multiple punches utilising diverse spotting techniques. However, pre-cut filter paper enabled saturation with five times the volume of CSF-substitute, sufficiently improving sensitivity to detect the end-dilution. The diagnostic accuracy of this optimised protocol was compared with routine, neat CSF in a pilot, retrospective study of JEV MAC-ELISA on consecutive CSF samples, collected 2009–15, from three Lao hospitals. In comparison to neat CSF, 132 CSF samples stored as dried CSF spots for one month at 25–30°C showed 81.6% (65.7–92.3 95%CI) positive agreement, 96.8% (91.0–99.3 95%CI) negative agreement, with a kappa coefficient of 0.81 (0.70–0.92 95%CI). Conclusions/Significance: The novel design of pre-cut filter paper saturated with CSF could provide a useful tool for JEV diagnostics in settings with limited laboratory access. It has the potential to improve national JEV surveillance and inform vaccination policies. The saturation of filter paper has potential use in the wider context of pathogen detection, including dried spots for detecting other analytes in CSF, and other body fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Paper-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Nucleic Acids from Pathogens.
- Author
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Wang, Jiangshan, Davidson, Josiah Levi, Kaur, Simerdeep, Dextre, Andres A., Ranjbaran, Mohsen, Kamel, Mohamed S., Athalye, Shreya Milind, and Verma, Mohit S.
- Subjects
NUCLEIC acids ,BIOSENSORS ,MICROFLUIDIC devices ,POINT-of-care testing ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms - Abstract
Paper-based biosensors are microfluidic analytical devices used for the detection of biochemical substances. The unique properties of paper-based biosensors, including low cost, portability, disposability, and ease of use, make them an excellent tool for point-of-care testing. Among all analyte detection methods, nucleic acid-based pathogen detection offers versatility due to the ease of nucleic acid synthesis. In a point-of-care testing context, the combination of nucleic acid detection and a paper-based platform allows for accurate detection. This review offers an overview of contemporary paper-based biosensors for detecting nucleic acids from pathogens. The methods and limitations of implementing an integrated portable paper-based platform are discussed. The review concludes with potential directions for future research in the development of paper-based biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Enabling animal rabies diagnostic in low-access areas: Sensitivity and specificity of a molecular diagnostic test from cerebral tissue dried on filter paper
- Author
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Rasolonjatovo, Felana, Guis, Hélène, Rajeev, Malavika, Dacheux, Laurent, Nomenjanahary, Lalaina, Razafitrimo, Girard, Rafisandrantantsoa, Jean Théophile, Cêtre-Sossah, Catherine, Heraud, Jean-Michel, Andriamandimby, Soa Fy, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d'Antananarivo, Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Princeton], Princeton University, Centre National de Référence de la Rage - National Reference Center Rabies (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], This work was funded by Institut Pasteur of Madagascar (IPM), by INTERREG FEDER TROI 2015-2017 under the DP One Health Indian Ocean (www.onehealth-oi.org) and was supported by DARRI (Institut Pasteur, Paris) and Institut Carnot 'Pasteur Microbe & Sante' (grant INNOV-36-19) and by a PTR (Programmes Tranversaux de Recherche) grant (PTR 237-19) from Institut Pasteur Paris., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
- Subjects
RNA viruses ,Viral Diseases ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,RC955-962 ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Biochemistry ,Fats ,Filter Paper ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Specimen Storage ,Zoonoses ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,disease recognition [EN] ,Mammals ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Brain ,Eukaryota ,Lipids ,Laboratory Equipment ,PCR ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Méthode alternative ,Viruses ,Vertebrates ,Engineering and Technology ,Pathogens ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Asia ,Rabies ,Equipment ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Microbiology ,Rage ,Specimen Handling ,Rabies Virus ,Extraction techniques ,Dogs ,Animals ,Diagnostic ,Desiccation ,Pays en développement ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Developing Countries ,Microbial Pathogens ,Molecular Biology ,Analyse de tissus ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Tropical Diseases ,RNA extraction ,Storage and Handling ,Africa ,Amniotes ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Lyssavirus - Abstract
Rabies is a lethal zoonotic encephalomyelitis that causes an estimated 59,000 human deaths yearly worldwide. Although developing countries of Asia and Africa bear the heaviest burden, surveillance and disease detection in these countries is often hampered by the absence of local laboratories able to diagnose rabies and/or the difficulties of sample shipment from low-access areas to national reference laboratories. Filter papers offer a convenient cost-effective alternative for the sampling, shipment, and storage of biological materials for the diagnosis of many pathogens including rabies virus, yet the properties of diagnostic tests using this support have not been evaluated thoroughly. Sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnosis of rabies infection using a reverse transcription followed by a hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-hn-PCR) either directly on brain tissue or using brain tissue dried on filter paper were assessed on 113 suspected field animal samples in comparison to the direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT) recommended by the World Health Organization as one of the reference tests for rabies diagnosis. Impact of the duration of the storage was also evaluated. The sensitivity and the specificity of RT-hn-PCR i) on brain tissue were 96.6% (95% CI: [88.1–99.6]) and 92.7% (95% CI: [82.4–98.0]) respectively and ii) on brain tissue dried on filter paper 100% (95% CI: [93.8–100.0]) and 90.9% (95% CI: [80.0–97.0]) respectively. No loss of sensitivity of RT-hn-PCR on samples of brain tissue dried on filter paper left 7 days at ambient temperature was detected indicating that this method would enable analyzing impregnated filter papers sent to the national reference laboratory at ambient temperature within a 1-week shipment time. It could therefore be an effective alternative to facilitate storage and shipment of samples from low-access areas to enhance and expand rabies surveillance., Author summary Dogs are responsible for 99% of human rabies deaths. Facilitating diagnostic of rabid dogs can help further identify i) people who were exposed to rabies in order to encourage them to seek post exposure prophylaxis and ii) other exposed animals to break the transmission chain (i.e. prevent them from further transmitting the virus to other people and animals). Yet, the reference diagnostic method for animal rabies requires brain samples to be collected post-mortem and shipped under temperature-controlled conditions. The shipping of such samples is complex in low-access areas, especially in low income countries, which are often those that bear the heaviest rabies burden. Filter papers offer a convenient alternative for biological sample shipment and storage. Here the efficiency of a molecular diagnostic method applied to brain tissue dried on filter paper is compared to one of the reference methods, the direct fluorescent antibody test. Our results show it has an excellent sensitivity (it does not miss any positive samples), even when filter papers are left 7 days at ambient temperature. These results let us foresee a cost-effective alternative facilitating shipment, storage and testing of samples from rabies suspected animals from low-access areas. This could considerably enhance and expand rabies surveillance in low-income countries, allowing a more comprehensive evaluation of rabies burden, and thus reinforcing arguments for allocating funds to rabies control policies.
- Published
- 2020
17. Summer Internship Summary Paper
- Author
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Hill, H
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The implant infection paradox: why do some succeed when others fail? Opinion and discussion paper
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C Yue, B Zhao, Y Ren, R Kuijer, HC van der Mei, HJ Busscher, and ETJ Rochford
- Subjects
Implant infection ,immune responses ,host ,pathogens ,infection risk ,biofilms ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Biomaterial-implants are frequently used to restore function and form of human anatomy. However, the presence of implanted biomaterials dramatically elevates infection risk. Paradoxically, dental-implants placed in a bacteria-laden milieu experience moderate failure-rates, due to infection (0.0-1.1 %), similar to the ones of joint-arthroplasties placed in a near-sterile environment (0.1-1.3 %). Transcutaneous bone-fixation pins breach the immune-barrier of the epidermis, exposing underlying sterile-tissue to an unsterile external environment. In contrast to dental-implants, also placed in a highly unsterile environment, these pins give rise to relatively high infection-associated failure-rates of up to 23.0 %. Herein, we attempt to identify causes as to why dental-implants so often succeed, where others fail. The major part of all implants considered are metal-made, with similar surface-finishes. Material choice was therefore discarded as underlying the paradox. Antimicrobial activity of saliva has also been suggested as a cause for the success of dental-implants, but was discarded because saliva is the implant-site-fluid from which viable bacteria adhere. Crevicular fluid was discarded as it is largely analogous to serum. Instead, we attribute the relative success of dental-implants to (1) ability of oral tissues to heal rapidly in the continuous presence of commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens, and (2) tolerance of the oral immune-system. Inability of local tissue to adhere, spread and grow in presence of bacteria and an intolerant immune-system are identified as the likely main causes explaining the susceptibility of other implants to infection-associated failure. In conclusion, it is the authors’ belief that new anti-infection strategies for a wide range of biomaterial-implants may be derived from the relative success of dental-implants.
- Published
- 2015
19. Whole genome sequence of Vibrio cholerae directly from dried spotted filter paper
- Author
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Paul Adrien, Maria Fookes, Nicholas R. Thomson, Jerome Ateudjieu, Jacques Boncy, Etienne Guenou, Matthew Siever, Stanislas Rebaudet, David A. Sack, Amanda K. Debes, Watipaso Kasambara, Angèle Bénard, Renaud Piarroux, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], University of Buéa, Université de Dschang, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital Européen [Fondation Ambroise Paré - Marseille], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
- Subjects
Bacterial Diseases ,0301 basic medicine ,Molecular biology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,RC955-962 ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,El Tor ,Genome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Filter Paper ,Cholera ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,DNA extraction ,Vibrio cholerae ,Phylogeny ,Data Management ,Genetics ,biology ,Database and informatics methods ,Cholera toxin ,Sequence analysis ,1. No poverty ,Phylogenetic Analysis ,Genomics ,Bacterial Pathogens ,3. Good health ,Laboratory Equipment ,Phylogenetics ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Engineering and Technology ,Pathogens ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Paper ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Bioinformatics ,030231 tropical medicine ,Equipment ,Biomolecular isolation ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Extraction techniques ,medicine ,Humans ,Evolutionary Systematics ,Microbial Pathogens ,DNA sequence analysis ,Vibrio ,Taxonomy ,Whole genome sequencing ,Evolutionary Biology ,Sequence Assembly Tools ,Bacteria ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,Organisms ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Outbreak ,Tropical Diseases ,Genome Analysis ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA isolation ,Research and analysis methods ,Molecular biology techniques ,030104 developmental biology ,13. Climate action ,Genome, Bacterial - Abstract
Background Global estimates for cholera annually approximate 4 million cases worldwide with 95,000 deaths. Recent outbreaks, including Haiti and Yemen, are reminders that cholera is still a global health concern. Cholera outbreaks can rapidly induce high death tolls by overwhelming the capacity of health facilities, especially in remote areas or areas of civil unrest. Recent studies demonstrated that stool specimens preserved on filter paper facilitate molecular analysis of Vibrio cholerae in resource limited settings. Specimens preserved in a rapid, low-cost, safe and sustainable manner for sequencing provides previously unavailable data about circulating cholera strains. This may ultimately contribute new information to shape public policy response on cholera control and elimination. Methodology/Principal findings Whole genome sequencing (WGS) recovered close to a complete sequence of the V. cholerae O1 genome with satisfactory genome coverage from stool specimens enriched in alkaline peptone water (APW) and V. cholerae culture isolates, both spotted on filter paper. The minimum concentration of V. cholerae DNA sufficient to produce quality genomic information was 0.02 ng/μL. The genomic data confirmed the presence or absence of genes of epidemiological interest, including cholera toxin and pilus loci. WGS identified a variety of diarrheal pathogens from APW-enriched specimen spotted filter paper, highlighting the potential for this technique to explore the gut microbiome, potentially identifying co-infections, which may impact the severity of disease. WGS demonstrated that these specimens fit within the current global cholera phylogenetic tree, identifying the strains as the 7th pandemic El Tor. Conclusions WGS results allowed for mapping of short reads from APW-enriched specimen and culture isolate spotted filter papers. This provided valuable molecular epidemiological sequence information on V. cholerae strains from remote, low-resource settings. These results identified the presence of co-infecting pathogens while providing rare insight into the specific V. cholerae strains causing outbreaks in cholera-endemic areas., Author summary Cholera affects more than 4 million people globally every year; people predominantly living in poverty or in resource-constrained conditions including political crises or natural disasters. Cholera’s typical presentation is characterized by rapid onset of acute watery diarrhea and vomiting which can progress from watery stool to shock in as little as four hours. Laboratory conditions needed for culture confirmation and strain preservation are rarely to never present in these affected areas. In fact, many cholera endemic areas in Sub-Saharan African are so remote that even treatment response alone is often challenging. Here we present the genomic analysis of DNA extracted from dried filter paper, which is a low-cost, low-tech and sustainable method. Previously this method has facilitated cholera confirmation by PCR, but we demonstrate that this method is also suitable for whole genome sequencing and subsequent strain characterization by presenting the analysis of samples from an outbreak in a remote area of Cameroon. This method will facilitate the understanding of the molecular epidemiology in cholera-prone areas, which were previously too challenging to attempt. It also introduces a method that can be used on a broader scale for diarrheal disease surveillance, including providing a window into co-infection and microbiome analyses.
- Published
- 2019
20. Bacterial contamination of Ugandan paper currency notes possessed by food vendors around Mulago Hospital complex, Uganda
- Author
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Francis Ejobi, Catherine Atuhaire, Samuel Nambile Cumber, Musisi Lubowa Nathan, and Muhumuza Allan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,food vendors ,Paper ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Food Handling ,030106 microbiology ,paper notes ,Food Contamination ,Bacterial counts ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Medicine ,Humans ,Uganda ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Research ,Commerce ,pathogens ,General Medicine ,Contamination ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Currency ,Healthy individuals ,Food Microbiology ,business ,Bacterial contamination - Abstract
Introduction: paper currency notes, exchangeable fomite, that is continuously contaminated because of the poor handling and storage practices. Objective: the general objective of the study was to determine the bacterial contamination of paper currency notes possessed by food vendors around Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex. Methods: a total of sixty paper notes of six denominations (1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000) were collected from different food vendors. Each note was preserved in a sterile falcon tube and transported to the microbiology lab for bacteriological examination. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS version 23 (IBM SPSS Statistics). Results: all sampled paper notes had bacterial contamination. The bacterial counts ranged from 4×102 cfu/ml to 6.8×109 cfu/ml, with the Shs.1000 notes having the highest average total bacterial load of 2.17×109 cfu/ml and highest average total coli form counts of 21.5×102 cfu/ml. The fifty thousand shillings note had no coliform detected. Of the analysed 60 samples, 27(45%) samples contained Staphylococcus aureus. None of the sampled paper notes had Escherichia coli. Conclusion: the study revealed that most of Ugandan paper notes are contaminated with bacteria including potential pathogens that cause disease in healthy individuals and opportunistic pathogens that may cause disease in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. This study showed that the most contaminated note denominations were those of low denomination (Shs.1000 and Shs.2000) which had the highest bacterial count. The study revealed the paper currency notes were stored in different places where the commonest was the drawer and kept with different items, the commonest being pens. Hence, great care must be taken while handling money during the preparation and handling of food to avoid cross contamination.
- Published
- 2018
21. Impact of Industrial Activities on the Physico-chemistry and Mycoflora of the New Calabar River in Nigeria
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Obire, O., Barade, W. N., and Yanful, Ernest K., editor
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- 2009
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22. Bacterial contamination of Ugandan paper currency notes possessed by food vendors around Mulago Hospital complex, Uganda.
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Allan, Muhumuza, Atuhaire, Catherine, Nathan, Musisi, Ejobi, Francis, and Cumber, Samuel Nambile
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MOBILE food services , *MONEY , *PUBLIC hospitals , *FOOD handling , *STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus - Abstract
Introduction: Paper currency notes, exchangeable fomite, that is continuously contaminated because of the poor handling and storage practices. Objective: the general objective of the study was to determine the bacterial contamination of paper currency notes possessed by food vendors around Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex. Methods: A total of sixty paper notes of six denominations (1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000) were collected from different food vendors. Each note was preserved in a sterile falcon tube and transported to the microbiology lab for bacteriological examination. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS version 23 (IBM SPSS Statistics). Results: All sampled paper notes had bacterial contamination. The bacterial counts ranged from 4×102cfu/ml to 6.8×109 cfu/ml, with the Shs.1000 notes having the highest average total bacterial load of 2.17×109 cfu/ml and highest average total coli form counts of 21.5×102 cfu/ml. The fifty thousand shillings note had no coliform detected. Of the analysed 60 samples, 27(45%) samples contained Staphylococcus aureus. None of the sampled paper notes had Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The study revealed that most of Ugandan paper notes are contaminated with bacteria including potential pathogens that cause disease in healthy individuals and opportunistic pathogens that may cause disease in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. This study showed that the most contaminated note denominations were those of low denomination (Shs.1000 and Shs.2000) which had the highest bacterial count. The study revealed the paper currency notes were stored in different places where the commonest was the drawer and kept with different items, the commonest being pens. Hence, great care must be taken while handling money during the preparation and handling of food to avoid cross contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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23. Position Paper: The HIV-Infected Healthcare Worker
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The Association for Practitioners in Infection Control and The Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America
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- 1990
24. WPCF Issue Paper
- Published
- 1987
25. Use of cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples impregnated on FTATM Elute filter paper for the diagnosis of infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
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Fukasawa, Lucila Okuyama, Gonçalves, Maria Gisele, Higa, Fábio Takenori, Castilho, Euclides Ayres, Ibarz-Pavón, Ana Belén, and Sacchi, Claudio Tavares
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- *
DIAGNOSIS of bacterial diseases , *CEREBROSPINAL fluid , *BLOOD serum analysis , *FILTER paper , *BACTERIAL meningitis - Abstract
Background: The lack of information regarding the burden of acute bacterial meningitis in Latin America leads to a reduction in the estimated incidence rates of the disease, and impairs public health decisions on the use and follow-up of preventive interventions, particularly, the evaluation of existing vaccination policies. The use of the real-time PCR in diagnostic routine procedures has resulted in a substantial increase in confirmed bacterial meningitis cases. However, in resource-poor countries, these assays are only available in reference laboratories. Sample transportation to these laboratories is a critical constraint, as it requires specialized, high cost courier services. To overcome this barrier we evaluated the use of FTATM Elute filter paper cards for the conservation and processing of samples under normal environmental conditions, as they would be when transported from remote and under-equipped healthcare facilities to the reference centers. A total of 401 samples received in 2015 as part of Sao Paulo’s national surveillance for routine diagnosis were selected for this study. Methods: The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR were evaluated using fresh serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples processed using our laboratory’s standard DNA extraction, and processing the same samples after being dried and stored on FTATM card, and DNA extracted following the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: The sensitivities for detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae from CSF dried and stored on FTATM cards were 98%, 92%, and 100%, respectively, and with serum samples were 73%, 88%, and 100%, respectively. When compared to our laboratory’s standard methodology, results showed high concordance, with Kappa index ranges of 0.9877–1.00 for CSF, and 0.8004–1.00 for serum samples. Conclusion: The use of FTATM cards for CSF and serum conservation and transport represents a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective alternative that will allow obtaining valuable epidemiological information that would otherwise be lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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26. Use of cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples impregnated on FTATM Elute filter paper for the diagnosis of infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae
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Maria Gisele Gonçalves, Euclides Ayres de Castilho, Lucila Okuyama Fukasawa, Claudio Tavares Sacchi, Fábio Takenori Higa, and Ana Belén Ibarz-Pavón
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Research Facilities ,Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Neisseria meningitidis ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Nervous System ,Haemophilus influenzae ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Filter Paper ,Epidemiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Science ,DNA extraction ,Cerebrospinal Fluid ,Haemophilus Influenzae ,Multidisciplinary ,Pneumococcus ,Body Fluids ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Vaccination ,Laboratory Equipment ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Medical Microbiology ,Engineering and Technology ,Female ,Anatomy ,Pathogens ,Research Laboratories ,Neisseria ,Brazil ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Concordance ,030106 microbiology ,Haemophilus ,Equipment ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Meningitis, Bacterial ,03 medical and health sciences ,Extraction techniques ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Molecular Biology ,Microbial Pathogens ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Streptococcus ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Government Laboratories - Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of information regarding the burden of acute bacterial meningitis in Latin America leads to a reduction in the estimated incidence rates of the disease, and impairs public health decisions on the use and follow-up of preventive interventions, particularly, the evaluation of existing vaccination policies. The use of the real-time PCR in diagnostic routine procedures has resulted in a substantial increase in confirmed bacterial meningitis cases. However, in resource-poor countries, these assays are only available in reference laboratories. Sample transportation to these laboratories is a critical constraint, as it requires specialized, high cost courier services. To overcome this barrier we evaluated the use of FTATM Elute filter paper cards for the conservation and processing of samples under normal environmental conditions, as they would be when transported from remote and under-equipped healthcare facilities to the reference centers. A total of 401 samples received in 2015 as part of Sao Paulo's national surveillance for routine diagnosis were selected for this study. METHODS The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR were evaluated using fresh serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples processed using our laboratory's standard DNA extraction, and processing the same samples after being dried and stored on FTATM card, and DNA extracted following the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS The sensitivities for detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae from CSF dried and stored on FTATM cards were 98%, 92%, and 100%, respectively, and with serum samples were 73%, 88%, and 100%, respectively. When compared to our laboratory's standard methodology, results showed high concordance, with Kappa index ranges of 0.9877-1.00 for CSF, and 0.8004-1.00 for serum samples. CONCLUSION The use of FTATM cards for CSF and serum conservation and transport represents a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective alternative that will allow obtaining valuable epidemiological information that would otherwise be lost.
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- 2017
27. The "Filter Paper" Method for Collecting and Transporting Stools to the Laboratory for Enteric Bacteriological Examination
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BAILEY, W. R. and BYNOE, E. T.
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- 1953
28. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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Ramachandran, G. N., Padmanabhan, V. M., Rai, K. N., Krishna, P., Sikka, S. K., Sequeira, A., Chidambaram, R., Srinivasan, R., Venkatesan, K., Sadasivan, T. S., Ramakrishnan, K., Nambiar, K. K. Narayanan, Rao, A. Appa, Srinivasan, K. V., Subramanian, D., Swamy, R. Narayana, Nayudu, M. V., Maheshwari, R., Suryanarayanan, S., and Kalyanasundaram, R.
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- 1968
29. Riassunti delle Relazioni Generali e delle Comunicazioni / Résumés des Rapports Généraux et des Communications / Abstracts of General Reports and Contributed Papers
- Published
- 1966
30. Comment on the paper 'Cost-effectiveness of sofosbuvir in hepatitis C genotype 1 infection in Germany: A reanalysis of published results'
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Andrew Sadler and Axel C. Mühlbacher
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Chronic Hepatitis ,European People ,Gastroenterology and hepatology ,Economics ,Social Sciences ,Hepacivirus ,Geographical locations ,Chronic Liver Disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Electronics Engineering ,Technology Assessment ,Germany ,Health care ,Ethnicities ,Medicine ,Public and Occupational Health ,Comparators ,Infectious diseases ,Engineering and Technology ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,0305 other medical science ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Science Policy ,Science ,Immunology ,Antiviral Agents ,Microbiology ,Formal Comment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health Economics ,Humans ,Liver diseases ,Pharmacology ,Health economics ,Flaviviruses ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Health Care ,Labor Economics ,Population Groupings ,Preventive Medicine ,Electronics ,RNA viruses ,Science and Technology Workforce ,Sofosbuvir ,Cost effectiveness ,Systems Engineering ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,German People ,Publication Ethics ,medicine.disease_cause ,Careers in Research ,Hepatitis ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Research Integrity ,Pathology and laboratory medicine ,Protease Inhibitor Therapy ,Multidisciplinary ,Careers ,Hepatitis C virus ,030503 health policy & services ,Cost-effectiveness analysis ,Hepatitis C ,Research Assessment ,Medical microbiology ,Vaccination and Immunization ,Drug Prices ,Europe ,Pharmacoeconomics ,Infectious hepatitis ,Viruses ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,medicine.drug ,Medical conditions ,Employment ,Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Viral diseases ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Antiviral Therapy ,Internal medicine ,Ribavirin ,European Union ,business.industry ,Viral pathogens ,Interferon-alpha ,Publication bias ,Hepatitis C, Chronic ,Economic Analysis ,Hepatitis viruses ,Microbial pathogens ,Family medicine ,People and Places ,business - Abstract
ObjectivesRecently, the results of two economic evaluations were published both of which seemingly demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of sofosbuvir-based regimens for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection in Germany. Both analyses were sponsored by the manufacturer of sofosbuvir and use a different methodology: Whereas one evaluation is based on a conventional cost-utility analysis, the other rests upon the efficiency-frontier method used by the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). The purpose of this study is to reanalysis the results of both economic evaluations in combination.DesignReanalysis of published decision modelling results.SettingPrimary care in Germany.ParticipantsPatients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection (treatment-naïve and -experienced, cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic).InterventionsSofosbuvir, other anti-hepatitis C virus drugs, and no treatment.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCost per unit of health benefit and cost per quality-adjusted life year.ResultsReanalysis of the results of both economic evaluations in combination reveals an unclear rationale for choosing the selected cost-effectiveness methods as well as a potential publication bias, favoring the product of the manufacturer. Based on the reanalysis, sofosbuvir is not cost-effective in treatment-experienced non-cirrhotic patients, potentially lacks cost-effectiveness in treatment-experienced cirrhotic patients, and is only partially cost-effective in treatment-naïve non-cirrhotic patients. Taken together, these results indicate a lack of cost-effectiveness in three quarters of the German patient population.ConclusionsTwo economic evaluations on sofosbuvir suggest, in combination, that sofosbuvir cannot be considered a cost-effective treatment in three quarters of the German patient population.
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- 2021
31. Paper-based sensors for rapid detection of virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Jan Madsen, Georgi Plamenov Tanev, Fatima AlZahraa Alatraktchi, Jafar Safaa Noori, Winnie Edith Svendsen, John Mortensen, Søren Molin, Helle Krogh Johansen, and Maria Dimaki
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Ceramics ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Reference electrode ,Virulence factor ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electrochemistry ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Physics ,Chemical Reactions ,Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ,Microbial Cultures ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Chemistry ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Biological Cultures ,Pathogens ,Ferrocyanide ,0210 nano-technology ,Research Article ,Paper ,Materials by Structure ,Virulence Factors ,Materials Science ,Bacterial Cultures ,Opportunistic Infections ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Rapid detection ,Pyocyanin ,Pseudomonas ,medicine ,Humans ,Pseudomonas Infections ,Microbial Pathogens ,Electrodes ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Bacteria ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,lcsh:R ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Square Waves ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electrochemical gas sensor ,chemistry ,Reference Electrodes ,Waves ,Pyocyanine ,lcsh:Q ,Electronics ,Oxidation-Reduction Reactions - Abstract
Pyocyanin is a toxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we describe a novel paper-based electrochemical sensor for pyocyanin detection, manufactured with a simple and inexpensive approach based on electrode printing on paper. The resulting sensors constitute an effective electrochemical method to quantify pyocyanin in bacterial cultures without the conventional time consuming pretreatment of the samples. The electrochemical properties of the paper-based sensors were evaluated by ferri/ferrocyanide as a redox mediator, and showed reliable sensing performance. The paper-based sensors readily allow for the determination of pyocyanin in bacterial cultures with high reproducibility, achieving a limit of detection of 95 nM and a sensitivity of 4.30 μA/μM in standard culture media. Compared to the similar commercial ceramic based sensors, it is a 2.3-fold enhanced performance. The simple in-house fabrication of sensors for pyocyanin quantification allows researchers to understand in vitro adaptation of P. aeruginosa infections via rapid screenings of bacterial cultures that otherwise are expensive and time-consuming.
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- 2018
32. Pre-cut Filter Paper for Detecting Anti-Japanese Encephalitis Virus IgM from Dried Cerebrospinal Fluid Spots
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Onanong Sengvilaipaseuth, Paul N. Newton, Ooyanong Phonemixay, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Anisone Chanthongthip, Tehmina Bharucha, Soumphou Phuangpanom, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, and Sue Lee
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RNA viruses ,Research Facilities ,Physiology ,viruses ,Pilot Projects ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Antibodies, Viral ,Nervous System ,Geographical Locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Filter Paper ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays ,Cerebrospinal Fluid ,Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ,biology ,Spots ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Temperature ,Hematology ,3. Good health ,Body Fluids ,Laboratory Equipment ,Infectious Diseases ,Blood ,Laos ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Viruses ,Engineering and Technology ,Antibody ,Anatomy ,Pathogens ,Research Laboratories ,Encephalitis ,Research Article ,Paper ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Asia ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,Equipment ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Mycobacterium ,Specimen Handling ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diagnostic Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Desiccation ,Immunoassays ,Encephalitis, Japanese ,Microbial Pathogens ,Retrospective Studies ,Filter paper ,Flaviviruses ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Japanese encephalitis ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Immunoglobulin M ,Immunology ,People and Places ,biology.protein ,Immunologic Techniques ,business ,Japanese Encephalitis Virus ,Government Laboratories - Abstract
Background The use of filter paper as a simple, inexpensive tool for storage and transportation of blood, ‘Dried Blood Spots’ or Guthrie cards, for diagnostic assays is well-established. In contrast, there are a paucity of diagnostic evaluations of dried cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spots. These have potential applications in low-resource settings, such as Laos, where laboratory facilities for central nervous system (CNS) diagnostics are only available in Vientiane. In Laos, a major cause of CNS infection is Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). We aimed to develop a dried CSF spot protocol and to evaluate its diagnostic performance using the World Health Organisation recommended anti-JEV IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (JEV MAC-ELISA). Methodology and Principal Findings Sample volumes, spotting techniques and filter paper type were evaluated using a CSF-substitute of anti-JEV IgM positive serum diluted in Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) to end-limits of detection by JEV MAC-ELISA. A conventional protocol, involving eluting one paper punch in 200μl PBS, did not detect the end-dilution, nor did multiple punches utilising diverse spotting techniques. However, pre-cut filter paper enabled saturation with five times the volume of CSF-substitute, sufficiently improving sensitivity to detect the end-dilution. The diagnostic accuracy of this optimised protocol was compared with routine, neat CSF in a pilot, retrospective study of JEV MAC-ELISA on consecutive CSF samples, collected 2009–15, from three Lao hospitals. In comparison to neat CSF, 132 CSF samples stored as dried CSF spots for one month at 25–30°C showed 81.6% (65.7–92.3 95%CI) positive agreement, 96.8% (91.0–99.3 95%CI) negative agreement, with a kappa coefficient of 0.81 (0.70–0.92 95%CI). Conclusions/Significance The novel design of pre-cut filter paper saturated with CSF could provide a useful tool for JEV diagnostics in settings with limited laboratory access. It has the potential to improve national JEV surveillance and inform vaccination policies. The saturation of filter paper has potential use in the wider context of pathogen detection, including dried spots for detecting other analytes in CSF, and other body fluids., Author Summary Japanese encephalitis virus infection is widespread in Asia, and primarily affects children in poor, rural areas. The virus spreads to the brain and spinal cord resulting in significant death and disability. Diagnosis requires testing for the immune response ‘antibody’ specific to Japanese encephalitis virus in the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. However, in most areas where the infection occurs there are no laboratory facilities. In the absence of laboratory diagnosis, we have poor knowledge of the extent of the problem in these areas. Dried blood spots on filter paper have been used widely for many years as simple, cost-effective tools for transporting samples for testing. However, there have been few attempts at using dried cerebrospinal fluid spots. We developed a technique for using dried spots to store and test cerebrospinal fluid for antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus. We compared the results of dried spots with routine neat cerebrospinal fluid in 132 patient samples, and demonstrated excellent agreement between the two tests. This novel method for saturating dried cerebrospinal fluid spots has the potential to enhance our knowledge of Japanese encephalitis virus epidemiology, and inform health policies where they are most needed. It could also be transferred for use in diagnosing other infectious diseases, including using other body fluid samples.
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- 2016
33. A White Paper on Global Wheat Health Based on Scenario Development and Analysis
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Serge Savary, Paul D. Esker, Pawan K. Singh, J. Kumar, Jonathan Yuen, Laetitia Willocquet, Laurence V. Madden, Vittorio Rossi, Sébastien Saint-Jean, J. M.C. Fernandes, E. M. Del Ponte, C. Pope de Vallavielle, Andrea Ficke, Pierce A. Paul, Laurent Huber, Neil McRoberts, Annika Djurle, Université de Toulouse, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Ohio State University, Partenaires INRAE, Dept Plant Pathol, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), SMaCH, (RAW) Workshop, CNPq, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia vegetale, Centre for Environmental Biology, Lisbon University, University of Lisbon, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of California, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), JOSE MAURICIO CUNHA FERNANDES, CNPT., Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,SMALL-GRAIN CEREALS ,Theoretical ,Doença de planta ,Models ,wheat ,Plant Pathosystems ,Triticum ,Epidemiology ,2. Zero hunger ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT ,Environmental resource management ,food and beverages ,MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,WINTER-WHEAT ,Plant disease ,Wheat ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Settore AGR/12 - PATOLOGIA VEGETALE ,Risk assessment ,Crops, Agricultural ,Risk ,Risk analysis ,Climate Change ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Climate change ,Crops ,Trigo ,Biology ,Scenario development and analysis ,agrosystem ,Computer Simulation ,Scenario analysis ,Epidemiologia ,Plant Diseases ,YELLOW DWARF VIRUS ,Agricultural ,SEPTORIA-TRITICI BLOTCH ,Plant disease epidemiology ,business.industry ,NORTH-WEST EUROPE ,Simulation modeling ,pathogens ,Models, Theoretical ,15. Life on land ,[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,A white paper ,MAPPING POTENTIAL EPIDEMICS ,13. Climate action ,PLANT-DISEASES ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,fungi ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,business ,Septoria like ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Scenario analysis constitutes a useful approach to synthesize knowledge and derive hypotheses in the case of complex systems that are documented with mainly qualitative or very diverse information. In this article, a framework for scenario analysis is designed and then, applied to global wheat health within a timeframe from today to 2050. Scenario analysis entails the choice of settings, the definition of scenarios of change, and the analysis of outcomes of these scenarios in the chosen settings. Three idealized agrosystems, representing a large fraction of the global diversity of wheat-based agrosystems, are considered, which represent the settings of the analysis. Several components of global changes are considered in their consequences on global wheat health: climate change and climate variability, nitrogen fertilizer use, tillage, crop rotation, pesticide use, and the deployment of host plant resistances. Each idealized agrosystem is associated with a scenario of change that considers first, a production situation and its dynamics, and second, the impacts of the evolving production situation on the evolution of crop health. Crop health is represented by six functional groups of wheat pathogens: the pathogens associated with Fusarium head blight; biotrophic fungi, Septoria-like fungi, necrotrophic fungi, soilborne pathogens, and insect-transmitted viruses. The analysis of scenario outcomes is conducted along a risk-analytical pattern, which involves risk probabilities represented by categorized probability levels of disease epidemics, and risk magnitudes represented by categorized levels of crop losses resulting from these levels of epidemics within each production situation. The results from this scenario analysis suggest an overall increase of risk probabilities and magnitudes in the three idealized agrosystems. Changes in risk probability or magnitude however vary with the agrosystem and the functional groups of pathogens. We discuss the effects of global changes on the six functional groups, in terms of their epidemiology and of the crop losses they cause. Scenario analysis enables qualitative analysis of complex systems, such as plant pathosystems that are evolving in response to global changes, including climate change and technology shifts. It also provides a useful framework for quantitative simulation modeling analysis for plant disease epidemiology.
- Published
- 2017
34. Paper-based sensors for rapid detection of virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Author
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Alatraktchi, Fatima AlZahra’a, Noori, Jafar Safaa, Tanev, Georgi Plamenov, Mortensen, John, Dimaki, Maria, Johansen, Helle Krogh, Madsen, Jan, Molin, Søren, and Svendsen, Winnie E.
- Subjects
PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa infections ,MICROBIAL virulence ,ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors ,BACTERIAL cultures ,BACTERIAL proteins - Abstract
Pyocyanin is a toxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we describe a novel paper-based electrochemical sensor for pyocyanin detection, manufactured with a simple and inexpensive approach based on electrode printing on paper. The resulting sensors constitute an effective electrochemical method to quantify pyocyanin in bacterial cultures without the conventional time consuming pretreatment of the samples. The electrochemical properties of the paper-based sensors were evaluated by ferri/ferrocyanide as a redox mediator, and showed reliable sensing performance. The paper-based sensors readily allow for the determination of pyocyanin in bacterial cultures with high reproducibility, achieving a limit of detection of 95 nM and a sensitivity of 4.30 μA/μM in standard culture media. Compared to the similar commercial ceramic based sensors, it is a 2.3-fold enhanced performance. The simple in-house fabrication of sensors for pyocyanin quantification allows researchers to understand in vitro adaptation of P. aeruginosa infections via rapid screenings of bacterial cultures that otherwise are expensive and time-consuming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Are papers addressing certain diseases perceived where these diseases are prevalent? The proposal to use Twitter data as social-spatial sensors
- Author
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Vanash M. Patel, Robin Haunschild, and Lutz Bornmann
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,RNA viruses ,Bacterial Diseases ,Viral Diseases ,Biomedical Research ,Epidemiology ,Computer science ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Social Sciences ,HIV Infections ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Geographical locations ,Medical Conditions ,Sociology ,Immunodeficiency Viruses ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Prevalence ,Digital Libraries (cs.DL) ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,05 social sciences ,Social Communication ,Computer Science - Digital Libraries ,Research Assessment ,Infectious Diseases ,Social Networks ,Medical Microbiology ,Viral Pathogens ,Viruses ,Medicine ,Pathogens ,050904 information & library sciences ,Network Analysis ,Research Article ,Infectious agent ,Research evaluation ,Computer and Information Sciences ,General Science & Technology ,Science ,Twitter ,Internet privacy ,MEDLINE ,Research and Analysis Methods ,050905 science studies ,Microbiology ,World health ,Retroviruses ,Parasitic Diseases ,medicine ,Tuberculosis ,Humans ,Microbial Pathogens ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,Spatial Analysis ,Altmetrics ,business.industry ,Lentivirus ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,HIV ,Tropical Diseases ,Communications ,United States ,Influenza ,Malaria ,North America ,People and places ,0509 other social sciences ,business ,Social Media - Abstract
We propose to use Twitter data as social-spatial sensors. This study deals with the question whether research papers on certain diseases are perceived by people in regions (worldwide) that are especially concerned by these diseases. Since (some) Twitter data contain location information, it is possible to spatially map the activity of Twitter users referring to certain papers (e.g., dealing with tuberculosis). The resulting maps reveal whether heavy activity on Twitter is correlated with large numbers of people having certain diseases. In this study, we focus on tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and malaria, since the World Health Organization ranks these diseases as the top three causes of death worldwide by a single infectious agent. The results of the social-spatial Twitter maps (and additionally performed regression models) reveal the usefulness of the proposed sensor approach. One receives an impression of how research papers on the diseases have been perceived by people in regions that are especially concerned by these diseases. Our study demonstrates a promising approach for using Twitter data for research evaluation purposes beyond simple counting of tweets.
- Published
- 2020
36. Coliform Contamination on different Paper Currency in Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
- Author
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Barolia, Sushil Kumar, Verma, Sheetal, and Verma, Bhoopendra Kumar
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MICROBIAL contamination ,BACTERIA ,ENTEROBACTER ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms ,PAPER money - Abstract
Microorganisms are known to spread via air, water, food etc. an important mechanism of the spread of pathogens by formites. Food, water and soil borne infection are estimated to be affecting almost half of the world population. Paper currency notes which are transferred from one individual to other are known to carry bacteria on their surface and are responsible for transmitting them. These notes are susceptible to bacterial contamination during contaminate handing from person to person. An individual living in unhygienic conditions having unhygienic habits will contaminate the notes with bacteria e.g. habits such as using soling to count the paper notes also leads to the contamination and these notes will act as a vehicle delivering bacteria to contaminate the hands of the next user. Diseases continue to be a cause of major concern to human health in several part of the globe including in India, causing high morbidity, mortality and economic losses. Diseases that are transmittable contribute to paper currency this statistics by affecting human health and causing heavy looses directly or indirectly to economy. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the incidence and transmittance of microbes analysis from the paper currency collected from different regions of Ajmer and the presence of Escherichiacoli, Enterobacter spp. has been observed in the studied samples thereby highlighting the role of paper currency in spread of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
37. INCIDENCE OF FUNGI ON YELLOW PASSION FRUIT SEEDS IN THE MARANHÃO STATE (BRAZIL).
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Aragão Catunda, Paulo Henrique, Costa da Silva, Edvan, and da Silva Costa, Maria Aline
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FRUIT seeds ,PASSION fruit ,ORCHARDS ,NUMBERS of species ,FILTER paper - Abstract
Copyright of Scientia Agraria Paranaensis is the property of Revista Scientia Agraria Paranaensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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38. Emerging Role of Biosensors and Chemical Indicators to Monitor the Quality and Safety of Meat and Meat Products.
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Nanda, Pramod Kumar, Bhattacharya, Dipanwita, Das, Jyotishka Kumar, Bandyopadhyay, Samiran, Ekhlas, Daniel, Lorenzo, Jose M., Dandapat, Premanshu, Alessandroni, Laura, Das, Arun K., and Gagaoua, Mohammed
- Subjects
INDICATORS & test-papers ,MEAT ,MEAT quality ,DRUG residues ,MEAT industry ,STEAK (Beef) - Abstract
The meat industry requires prompt and effective control measures to guarantee the quality and safety of its products and to avert the incidence of foodborne illnesses and disease outbreaks. Although standard microbiological methods and conventional analytical techniques are employed to monitor the quality and safety, these procedures are tedious and time-consuming, require skilled technicians, and sophisticated instruments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop simple, fast, and user-friendly hand-held devices for real-time monitoring of the quality of meat and meat products in the supply chain. Biosensors and chemical indicators, due to their high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and stability, are emerging as promising tools and have the potential for monitoring and controlling the quality (freshness and sensory traits such as tenderness) and safety (metabolites, contaminants, pathogens, drug residues, etc.) of muscle foods. In this review, the application of biosensors in the meat industry and their emerging role in the quantification of key meat quality components are discussed. Furthermore, the role of different biosensors to identify and detect contaminants, adulterants, pathogens, antibiotics, and drug residues in meat and meat products is also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
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39. Prioritising water disinfection technologies to improve food safety of leafy vegetables
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van Asselt, E.D., Banach, J.L., Klüche, M., and Appelman, W.A.J.
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- 2021
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40. Biosensors for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens in water, food and environment
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Raphael Chukwuka Nnachi, Ning Sui, Bowen Ke, Zhenhua Luo, Nikhil Bhalla, Daping He, and Zhugen Yang
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Biosensors ,Pathogens ,Molecular method ,Paper microfluidics ,Water quality ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Conventional techniques (e.g., culture-based method) for bacterial detection typically require a central laboratory and well-trained technicians, which may take several hours or days. However, recent developments within various disciplines of science and engineering have led to a major paradigm shift in how microorganisms can be detected. The analytical sensors which are widely used for medical applications in the literature are being extended for rapid and on-site monitoring of the bacterial pathogens in food, water and the environment. Especially, within the low-resource settings such as low and middle-income countries, due to the advantages of low cost, rapidness and potential for field-testing, their use is indispensable for sustainable development of the regions. Within this context, this paper discusses analytical methods and biosensors which can be used to ensure food safety, water quality and environmental monitoring. In brief, most of our discussion is focused on various rapid sensors including biosensors and microfluidic chips. The analytical performances such as the sensitivity, specificity and usability of these sensors, as well as a brief comparison with the conventional techniques for bacteria detection, form the core part of the discussion. Furthermore, we provide a holistic viewpoint on how future research should focus on exploring the synergy of different sensing technologies by developing an integrated multiplexed, sensitive and accurate sensors that will enable rapid detection for food safety, water and environmental monitoring.
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- 2022
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41. An IoT-enabled paper sensor platform for real-time analysis of isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests.
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Liu, Mingdian, Zhao, Yuxin, Monshat, Hosein, Tang, Zheyuan, Wu, Zuowei, Zhang, Qijing, and Lu, Meng
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEIC acid amplification techniques , *GENE amplification , *ARDUINO (Microcontroller) , *CAMPYLOBACTER coli , *CAMPYLOBACTER jejuni , *NUCLEIC acids , *CLOUD storage - Abstract
Paper-based sensors can be exploited to develop low-cost, disposable, and rapid assays for the detection of a large variety of analytes. We report a paper-based sensor system for a point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid amplification test that can quantitatively detect multiple genes from different pathogens. The POC system combines a paper sensor chip and a portable instrument, which is built on an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The paper-based sensor provides the functions of reagent storage, sample transportation, and nucleic acid amplification. The IoT instrument uses an Arduino microcontroller to control temperature, collect fluorescence images, and store the data in cloud storage via a WiFi network. A compact fluorescence reader was designed to measure fluorescence images of the amplicons during a loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction in real-time. The real-time detection capability enables the quantitative analysis of target genes. The results show that the paper-based sensor cam distinguish multiple genes of the genomic DNA extracted from Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni, with the concentration as low as 2 × 103 copies/μL. The affordable instrument, in conjunction with the disposable paper sensor chip, would have a great potential for POC detections of pathogens. • Quantitative detection of target genes in paper by real-time analysis of fluorescence images. • Storage of PCR reagents and primer sets in paper for point-of-care applications. • Simultaneous detection of multiple genes from different bacterial strains. • A fully automated, low-cost, and compact instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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42. Lab-on-a-Chip Technology for Environmental Monitoring of Microorganisms
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Dhar, Bidhan Chandra and Lee, Nae Yoon
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- 2018
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43. Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in Commercial Broiler Hatcheries
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Craven, S. E., Cox, N. A., Stern, N. J., and Mauldin, J. M.
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- 2001
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44. Assessment of microbial contamination of indian currency notes in circulation – An In vitro study
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Sruthi Sunil, Ganesh Shenoy Panchmal, Rekha P Shenoy, Vijaya Kumar, Praveen Jodalli, and Vinej Somaraj
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bacterial contamination ,escherichia coli ,indian paper currency ,pathogens ,staphylococcus aureus ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Background: Currency notes represent a universal medium for transmission of bacteria in the environment and among humans. Care should be taken by those handling these currencies. Aim: To quantitatively assess and compare the total bacterial load of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus species present on the currency notes circulating in the open market area and hospitals in Mangalore city. Methodology: A total of 24 frequently circulated currency notes were collected from open markets and hospitals (12 from each group). They were then deposited in sterile pouches. Samples were collected using moistened cotton swabs and inoculated onto MacConkey agar for bacterial growth. The isolated bacteria were then assessed for the percentage of bacteria and colony-forming units (CFUs) on the notes using standardized microbial analysis. Results: Cultures after microbial analysis showed bacterial contamination with S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, and aerobic spore-bearing bacteria. Approximately >103 CFUs/plate were found. In the hospital group, isolated organisms comprised S. aureus (54%) and E. coli(25%); in the open market areas, E. coli(36%) and S. aureus (38%) were found. Proteus species were not present on any of the samples. Intergroup statistical analysis carried out using the Chi-square test was statistically significant (P = 0.034). Conclusion: The study concluded that the notes from hospitals were contaminated more with S.aureus than in open markets, whereas E. coli was found to be more in open market areas than in hospitals.
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- 2020
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45. Optical sensing for real-time detection of food-borne pathogens in fresh produce using machine learning.
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Sharma, Sunil and Tharani, Lokesh
- Abstract
Contaminated fresh produce remains a prominent catalyst for food-borne illnesses, prompting the need for swift and precise pathogen detection to mitigate health risks. This paper introduces an innovative strategy for identifying food-borne pathogens in fresh produce samples from local markets and grocery stores, utilizing optical sensing and machine learning. The core of our approach is a photonics-based sensor system, which instantaneously generates optical signals to detect pathogen presence. Machine learning algorithms process the copious sensor data to predict contamination probabilities in real time. Our study reveals compelling results, affirming the efficacy of our method in identifying prevalent food-borne pathogens, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enteric, across diverse fresh produce samples. The outcomes underline our approach’s precision, achieving detection accuracies of up to 95%, surpassing traditional, time-consuming, and less accurate methods. Our method’s key advantages encompass real-time capabilities, heightened accuracy, and cost-effectiveness, facilitating its adoption by both food industry stakeholders and regulatory bodies for quality assurance and safety oversight. Implementation holds the potential to elevate food safety and reduce wastage. Our research signifies a substantial stride toward the development of a dependable, real-time food safety monitoring system for fresh produce. Future research endeavors will be dedicated to optimizing system performance, crafting portable field sensors, and broadening pathogen detection capabilities. This novel approach promises substantial enhancements in food safety and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Evaluation of few bioactive components of spice origin for their antimicrobial potential towards microbes commonly implicated in food spoilage and foodborne pathogenesis.
- Author
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Bhatia, Mamta and Sharma, Alka
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FOOD spoilage ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,BACILLUS cereus ,MICROORGANISMS ,SPICES ,GRAM-positive bacteria - Abstract
Natural components isolated from spices are gaining the attention of food researchers to prevent the growth of microbes associated with food spoilage and foodborne pathogenesis to meet the ever-increasing consumers' demand for safe and wholesome food free from harmful synthetic preservatives. In the present study, five bioactive components of spice origin, namely, allylisothiocyanate (AITC), cinnamic aldehyde (CIA), cuminic aldehyde (CUA), eugenol (EU), and menthol (MT) were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential towards six bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus) and eleven fungal strains (Alternaria solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium expansum, Phoma exigua, Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizopus stolonifer), by opting agar well diffusion assay, impregnated paper disc method and broth dilution technique. All these seventeen microbes pose deleterious effects on food and human health. Among the bioactive compounds, CIA and CUA turned out to be the most potent inhibitors of microorganisms, whereas MT was found to be the least effective. Lower concentrations of bioactive components, ranging from 1.95 µL/mL to 15.62 µL/mL, were needed to inhibit fungi, while higher concentrations ranging from 15.62 µL/mL to 1000 µL/mL were needed to inhibit bacterial strains. Among the bacterial strains tested, gram-negative bacteria were inhibited at higher component concentration levels (31.25 µL/mL-1000 µL/mL) compared to gram-positive bacteria. The present study updates the existing information on the antimicrobial potency of natural substances, paving the way to further research on establishing spice bioactive components as 'natural additives'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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47. TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATION AND ECONOMIC EFICIENCY FOR WINTER WHEAT CROP IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGES - SOUTH-EAST ROMANIA, DOBROGEA AREA.
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MANOLE, Dumitru, Maria GIUMBA, Ana, and POPESCU, Agatha
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AGRICULTURAL climatology ,WINTER wheat ,CLIMATE change ,WHEAT ,PUCCINIA striiformis ,EAR diseases - Abstract
The paper presents the behaviour of some wheat varieties under the years 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2023 conditions in Dobrogea area in demonstrative plots carried out at S.C. SPORT AGRA S.R.L. Amzacea, Constanta County. The main aspects emphasized in this research area have been: climatic conditions, obtained yield, and economical efficiency. Looking to the pathogens, for wheat Septoria tritici showed an AR between 17-27% and Pyrenophora graminea showed a low atack (AR = 4.5-17.5%). The pathogen Puccinia striiformis was present in low precentage (AR = 0-13.5%) in the 2018 April observations. For crop protection against pathogens, 2 foliar tratments with fungicides were applied, Artea 330 EC(ciproconazol 80 g/l + propiconazol 250 g/l) 0,4 l/ha, in March and Priaxor EC (fluxapiroxad 150 g/l + piraclostrobin 75 g/l) 1l/ha and in April respectively. Fungal treatments have stopped the development of foliar and ear diseases. The beneficial effects were found in the good yields obtained in 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019, except the years 2020 and 2023. In 2020 Otilia reached 2,370 kg/ha, Miranda 2,260 kg/ha and Solindo variety 4,297 kg/ha and Ursita 4,165 kg/ha in 2023. All these special yields have been obtained under non-irrigated conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
48. Effect of commercial probiotic (Protexin®) on growth, survival and microbial quality of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
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Javadi, Afshin and Khatibi, Seyed Amin
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- 2017
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49. Effects of the USA PATRIOT Act and the 2002 Bioterrorism Preparedness Act on select agent research in the United States
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Dias, M. Beatrice, Reyes-Gonzalez, Leonardo, Veloso, Francisco M., Casman, Elizabeth A., and Singer, Burton H.
- Published
- 2010
50. Ultraviolet radiation as a controlling and mutating agent of environmental fungi
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Abdel Hameed, A.A., Ayesh, A.M., Abdel Razik, M., and Abdel Mawla, H.F.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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