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Context: To ensure compliance with the legal and normative framework, the professional orders, which supervise the practice of pharmacy have established a professional inspection process. In addition to this process, other external organizations also require an accreditation, authorization, certification or validation process for professional practices., Objective: The main objective is to identify and compare the methods of evaluating pharmaceutical practice in hospitals in France and Quebec., Results: In order to identify and compare the methods of evaluating pharmaceutical practice in hospitals in France and Quebec, our approach allowed us to identify more organizations in France (i.e., High Authority of Health, Regional Health Agencies, the National Order of Pharmacists, the Nuclear Safety Agency, the Biomedicine Agency and the National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products) than in Quebec (i.e., Accreditation Canada, Ordre des pharmaciens du Québec and Health Canada). The study highlights the legal framework and applicable standards, the surveyors, the evaluation methods and the particularities for the evaluation of the hospital, the pharmacy department and the members of the department., Conclusions: This study highlights the evaluation processes of pharmaceutical practice in hospitals. In France, as in Quebec, we recognize the importance of the drug circuit in the hospital, the development and operation of a pharmacy department and the practice of pharmacy. While there are more similarities for the assessment of the drug circuit in hospitals and pharmacy department, important differences are observed for the assessment of individuals. We believe that the publication of a comparative analysis can contribute to discussions and exchanges to benefit from the best practices of each country., (Copyright © 2024 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Journal de Pharmacie Clinique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: La diffusion de données et d'indicateurs à l'équipe de la pharmacie comporte plusieurs bénéfices théoriques, mais ceux-ci sont peu diffusés et doivent être adaptés aux besoins de l'équipe. Méthodes. Étude descriptive transversale. L'objectif est de décrire l'utilisation actuelle et projetée d'indicateurs de gestion en pharmacie hospitalière au sein d'un centre hospitalier universitaire. La situation actuelle de la diffusion et de l'utilisation de données et d'indicateurs a été décrite. Des indicateurs et données d'intérêt ont été identifiés par revue de la littérature et en consultant les chefs d'équipe des secteurs visés. Un sondage a été envoyé à l'équipe. Chaque répondant devait coter les indicateurs d'intérêt de leur(s) secteur(s) de pratique selon un score de priorité d'affichage, permettant de calculer un score pondéré pour chaque donnée et indicateur. Résultats. Cinquante-sept réponses ont été obtenues (taux de participation de 63,3 % ; 57/90 personnes disponibles, soit 31 pharmaciens, 23 préparateurs, 2 membres non identifiés et 1 membre autre). Des 93 données et indicateurs proposés, le score pondéré de priorité d'affichage varie de 1,44 à 4,05 par item (moyenne de 2,69 ± 0,52). En utilisant arbitrairement un seuil de 2,5 ou moins, 37 de ces données et indicateurs ont été priorisés. Conclusion. Cette étude décrit une démarche structurée pour évaluer et sélectionner des données et indicateurs en vue de les diffuser aux membres d'un département de pharmacie via un tableau de bord. Un total de 93 données et indicateurs ont été identifiés par les membres de l'équipe afin de soutenir les pratiques en pharmacie hospitalière. Several theoretical benefits of disseminating data and indicators to the pharmacy team exist, but they are not usually distributed, and they must be adapted to the pharmacy team's needs. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The objective is to describe the current and projected use of hospital pharmacy management indicators within a university hospital center. The current state of dissemination and use of data and indicators was described. Indicators and data of interest were identified from a literature review and by consulting targeted sectors' team leaders. A survey was sent to the team where each respondent rated the indicators of interest for their area(s) of practice according to a display priority score, allowing for a weighted score to be calculated for each data and indicator. Results: Fifty-seven responses were obtained (participation rate of 63.3%; 57/90 people available, i.e., 31 pharmacists, 23 preparers, 2 unidentified members and 1 other member). Of the 93 data and indicators available, the weighted display priority score ranges from 1.44 to 4.05 per item (average of 2.69 ± 0.52). Using an arbitrary threshold of 2.5 or less, 37 of these data and indicators were prioritized. Conclusion: This study describes a structured process for evaluating and selecting data and indicators with the objective to share them to members of a pharmacy department via a dashboard. A total of 93 data and indicators were identified by team members to support hospital pharmacy practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La pandémie du coronavirus SRAS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) a nécessité la mise en place de mesures sanitaires sérieuses. L'objectif principal est de décrire l'expérience vécue par un département de pharmacie en comparant le recours au travail à distance et au télétravail avant et depuis la pandémie. Méthode. Cette étude descriptive et rétrospective se déroule dans un centre hospitalier de 500 lits. Les éléments suivants ont été recensés : identification des politiques, des procédures et des tâches admissibles au travail à distance ou au télétravail en ce qui concerne la gestion pharmaceutique, les soins, les services, la recherche et l'enseignement. L'état de situation prépandémie a été établi. Résultats. Depuis la pandémie, des changements de pratique ont été apportés : la relocalisation de postes de travail, l'activation d'un accès à distance pour tous, l'identification des opportunités de télétravail, la mise en place d'un environnement de travail fonctionnel à domicile et la réévaluation des outils de communication. Conclusion. Cette étude met en évidence l'expérience d'un centre hospitalier universitaire canadien durant la pandémie. The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a worldwide crisis. Serious sanitary measures were recommended by public health organizations to limit the risks of contamination and distancing measures have been implemented. The main objective is to describe the experience of a center with distancing measures and telework and to compare it before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. This descriptive and retrospective study takes place at a 500-bed hospital. This study consisted of a review of the pharmacy department's politics and procedures and of the pharmaceutical tasks that were eligible to telework (management, pharmaceutical care, services, research and teaching). The situation before the pandemic was established. Results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, changes were reported including: distancing measures with relocation of workstations, remote access activations, identification of telework opportunities, development of a functional telework environment and revaluation of the communication tools. Conclusion. There is limited data available on physical distancing and telework in pharmacy. This descriptive study highlights the experience of a Canadian hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The primary objective was to describe environmental contamination with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Group 1 hazardous drugs in oncology pharmacies and outpatient clinics in Canada in 2019, as part of an annual surveillance project. Methods: In each participating center, 12 standardized sites (6 in the oncology pharmacy and 6 in outpatient clinic) were sampled. Each sample was prepared to allow quantification of six antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were also tested for three additional antineoplastic drugs (docetaxel, paclitaxel, and vinorelbine) without quantification. The impact of certain characteristics of the sampling sites was evaluated with a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for independent samples. Results: Ninety-three Canadian centers participated in 2019, with a total of 1045 surfaces sampled. Cyclophosphamide was the drug most often found in the surface samples (32.4% of samples with positive result), followed by gemcitabine (20.3%). The front grille inside the biological safety cabinet (81.5% of samples positive for at least one antineoplastic drug) and the armrest of a treatment chair (75.8%) were the most frequently contaminated surfaces. Centers with more oncology inpatient and outpatient beds, those that prepared more antineoplastic drugs each year, and those that used more cyclophosphamide each year had higher concentrations of cyclophosphamide contamination on the surfaces tested (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Traces of dangerous drugs were found in oncology pharmacies and oncology outpatient clinics in 93 Canadian hospitals in 2019. However, the quantities measured were very small. Every healthcare worker should consider these work areas to be contaminated and should wear appropriate protective equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectif : L'objectif principal est de décrire les classifications de codification du séjour hospitalier pour les diagnostics et les interventions effectuées en cours d'hospitalisation au Canada. L'objectif secondaire est d'illustrer avec des exemples leurs rôles et possibles applications à la pharmacie hospitalière. Méthode : Il s'agit d'une revue de littérature. Les termes suivants : « international classification of diseases », « Canadian classification of health intervention », « clinical coding » et « pharmacy » ont été utilisés. Nous avons également consulté deux archivistes. Résultats : Deux classifications types ont été identifiées et décrites soit la Classification internationale des maladies (CIM) et la Classification canadienne des interventions (CCI). Un profil comparé de la CIM et de la CCI en 2018 a été effectué. Nous présentons trois applications pratiques de ces deux classifications utiles à la pratique pharmaceutique : lors d'une revue d'utilisation de médicaments, lors d'activités pour assurer le bon usage des médicaments et lors d'activités de pharmacovigilance. Conclusion : Ce travail décrit la classification internationale des maladies (CIM) et la classification canadienne des interventions (CCI). Il permet également d'illustrer des travaux impliquant la collaboration pharmacien-archiviste médical. Les pharmaciens hospitaliers devraient s'intéresser davantage à ces classifications et à leurs applications en pratique hospitalière. Objective : The main objective is to describe two coding classifications of hospital stay for diagnosis and procedures performed during hospitalization in Canada. The secondary objective is to illustrate practical applications of these two classifications to hospital pharmaceutical practice. Methods : This is a literature review. The following terms: «international classification of diseases», «Canadian classification of health intervention», «clinical coding» and «pharmacy» were used. We also consulted two medical records technicians. Results : Two standard classifications have been identified and described: the International classification of diseases (ICD) and the Canadian classification of health intervention (CCI). A comparative profile of the CIM and the CCI in 2018 has been carried out. We present three useful applications of these two classifications in pharmaceutical practice: for a drug utilization review, for proper drug use, and for pharmacovigilance activity. Conclusion : This work describes the International classification of diseases (ICD) and the Canadian classification of interventions (CCI). Hospital pharmacists should be more interested in these classifications and their applications in hospital practice. This study also illustrates work involving the pharmacist-medical records technicians collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe practice and perceptions of hospital pharmacy technicians (HPTs) in France and in Quebec, Canada. The secondary objective was to compare both work settings to identify differences. Methods: Cross‐sectional online survey in December 2016 and February 2017. The survey was comprised of four sections: demographic, factors contributing to career choice and satisfaction, perceptions regarding training, skills and recognition and interest in new opportunities. The proportion of responses from respondents in France and Quebec was compared with a chi‐squared test. Key findings: There were 101 respondents from France and 224 from Quebec. In comparison with Quebec respondents, French respondents came from large hospitals (France: 87%, 84/97 versus Quebec: 50%, 112/223, P < 0.001). Few HPTs supported pharmacists' clinical activities (France: 4%, 4/97 versus Quebec: 29%, 65/222, P < 0.001). A majority of HPTs indicated that working in the healthcare field contributed to their job satisfaction (France: 94%, 87/93 versus Quebec: 90%, 188/209). Respondents found their training sufficient (France: 54%, 49/90 versus Quebec: 78%, 159/205, P < 0.001). However, few identified having access to sufficient continuing education (France: 40%, 36/90 versus Quebec: 29%, 59/205). Not many thought that their job was well recognized in their centre (France: 13%, 12/90 versus Quebec: 13%, 26/203). However, they felt it had a direct impact on the quality of care, especially in Quebec (France: 86%, 77/90 versus Quebec: 98%, 199/203, P < 0.001). The majority was interested in supporting the pharmacists' clinical activities (France: 91%, 78/86 versus Quebec: 82%, 163/199). Conclusions: Overall, HTP from France and Quebec shared a satisfaction about their profession. They showed an interest in increased recognition and responsibilities (e.g. training, pharmacist support). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the problems faced by young patients and their parents when obtaining and using compounded drugs. Methods This prospective observational descriptive study included patients 0 to 21 years of age who were discharged from a mother–child tertiary hospital with a prescription containing at least one compounded drug between February 2016 and July 2016. Families were called 7 to 10 business days after discharge to complete a telephone follow-up questionnaire. Retail pharmacies were contacted to obtain additional information in order to compare the dispensed compounded drug with the prescription and published master formulas. Results The parents of 71 patients with a median age of 6.9 months were surveyed regarding 99 compounded drugs corresponding to 34 different oral formulations. Out of 314 issues identified, 252 were considered as problems: 9 involved major and 243 minor problems with real or potential consequences. Conclusion This study identified a significant number of compounding-related problems. It suggests that current practice standards are insufficient and action should be taken to improve the use and the dispensation of compounded drugs to ensure patients' safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les pharmaciens sont confrontés à faire des choix. L'objectif principal est d'identifier les caractéristiques du choix dans le domaine de la santé. L'objectif secondaire est de décrire le concept accountability for reasonableness (A4R). Méthode : Les caractéristiques applicables au concept de choix ont été identifiées à partir d'une séance de remue-méninges. Des ouvrages sur le choix ont été recherchés à partir de la banque de données getAbstract©. Des articles relatifs au concept A4R ont été recherchés sur PubMed. Une analyse qualitative commentée est présentée. Résultats : Nous avons identifié 17 caractéristiques applicables au concept de choix (p. ex. choix libre ou non libre, éthique ou non éthique, éclairé ou non éclairé, fixe ou qui peut évoluer). Chacune de ces caractéristiques varie compte tenu du contexte, des valeurs et des conditions propices ou non à ce choix. Les ouvrages sélectionnés sur getAbstract© mettent en évidence que choisir est difficile et qu'il existe de nombreux biais (p. ex. émotions, biais de confirmation, aversion à la perte). Les quatre articles retenus sur PubMed décrivent les conditions du concept A4R : le choix doit reposer sur des preuves, avoir un caractère public, être contestable et être contrôlé ; ainsi que des conditions complémentaires (démocratisation du processus, utilisation uniforme et cohérente des directives, processus appliqué de manière prospective et systématique, autonomie institutionnelle, récompense des hôpitaux qui appliquent les directives). Conclusion : Notre étude met en évidence 17 caractéristiques applicables au concept de choix et que la responsabilité associée au caractère raisonnable d'un choix est un concept important en santé. Chaque département de pharmacie devrait se doter d'une politique entourant la prise de décision pour mener à des choix raisonnables. Pharmacists are faced with making choices every day. The main objective is to identify the characteristics related to the concept of choice in healthcare. The secondary objective is to describe the concept of accountability for reasonableness (A4R). Method : This is a review of literature. Identification of the characteristics applicable to the concept of choice from a brainstorming session. Literature search on the concept of choice from the getAbstract© database and selection of key elements. Search for articles related to the A4R concept on PubMed with a qualitative analysis. Results : Identification of 17 characteristics applicable to the concept of choice. The books selected in getAbstract© highlight that choosing is difficult and that this act is influenced by many factors and biases. The four articles selected from the PubMed research describe the conditions of the A4R concept (choice based on evidence, being public, contestable and controlled) and complementary conditions. Conclusion : Our study highlights 17 characteristics applicable to the concept of choice. The responsibility associated with the reasonableness of a choice is an important concept in health. Choosing is difficult. Each pharmacy department should have a decision-making policy, including values, criteria and principles that should lead to reasonable choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The primary objective was to rank barriers to change in pharmacy practice. Our secondary objective was to create a simulation game to stimulate reflection and discussion on the topic of change management. Methods The game was created by the authors and used during a symposium attended by 43 hospital pharmacy leaders from all regions of Canada (Millcroft Conference, Alton, Ontario, June 2013). The main theme of the conference was'managing change'. Key findings The simulation game, the rating of 35 barriers to change and the discussion that followed provided an opportunity for hospital pharmacy leaders to reflect on potential barriers to change, and how change might be facilitated through the use of an organized approach to change, such as that described in Kotter's eight-step model. Conclusions This simulation game, and the associated rating of barriers to change, provided an opportunity for a group of hospital pharmacy leaders in Canada to reflect on the challenges associated with managing change in the healthcare setting. This simulation game can be modified and used by pharmacy practitioners in other countries to help identify and rank barriers to change in their particular pharmacy practice setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The main objective of this pilot study is to compare the professional ethical thinking of Quebec pharmacy residents and French pharmacy interns. The secondary objective is to compare the professional ethical thinking of Quebec pharmacy residents and first year French pharmacy interns. Setting Hospital pharmacy residents from Quebec, Canada and pharmacy interns from France. Methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, web-based survey. Main outcome measure For this study, professional ethical thinking was defined as the level of agreement/disagreement with statements about pharmacy ethics/dilemmas. Results A total of 208 usable questionnaires were completed (response rate 91% in Quebec and 11% in France). There were no significant differences between Quebec residents and French interns for 29/43 items (67%). However, there were significant differences in their level of agreement with 14/43 items (33%) surveyed by our questionnaire. The differences related to the following themes: economic aspects (four statements), pharmaceutical care, code of ethics, evaluation, clinical research (two statements each) and training and education, dispensing medications (one statement each). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of exposure to ethics during academic training and experiential practice. There were significant statistical differences between the two groups of first year pharmacy respondents for 11 statements (26%), with only two out of 11 statements being different from those reported in the overall comparison. Conclusion Published data on the professional ethical thinking of pharmacy residents and interns remain limited. We believe the higher exposure of Quebec residents to ethics during academic courses and experiential/practical training may have contributed to a higher level of agreement with some ethical statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe environmental contamination with hazardous drugs in a hospital pharmacy setting before and after reorganizing a hematology-oncology satellite pharmacy. Methods. This is a descriptive study of surface contamination with cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and methotrexate in two hematology-oncology satellite pharmacies. In order to measure surface contamination with hazardous drugs, samples from four distinct measurement sites within the pharmacy were taken in each of the two phases (pre- and postphases) using a sampling procedure and an analytical method modified from Larson et al. Results. A total of 133 samples from four measurement sites were taken and analyzed over the course of the study (specifically 60 prephase samples and 73 postphase samples). The study showed a significant increase in the number of positive samples (from 66.7% to 90.4%, p<0.001) from the pre- to the postphase. The increase, however, is only significant in terms of the location where completed preparations were placed after they had come out from under the hood (from 0/15 to 21/28, p<0.001) and the work surface (from 8/15 to 15/15, p = 0.006) and only in terms of ifosfamide. Furthermore, for the other sites studied, the number of positive samples remained unchanged between the pre- and postphase. A statistically significant difference between the pre- and postphase was observed in terms of ifosfamide for three of the four measurement sites studied and methotrexate for one of the four sites. Average concentrations were higher in the post phase in three of the four cases. Conclusion. This study describes environmental contamination with hazardous drugs in a hospital pharmacy setting before and after reorganizing a hematology-oncology satellite pharmacy. The study showed that a refitting of the hemato-oncology pharmacy is not a sufficient strategy to reduce the environmental contamination by ifosfamide because a significant increase in the number of positive samples from the pre- to the postphase have been observed. Many factors can contribute to influence the contamination of hazardous drugs such as the workflow and the training of the personal. Continuous environmental surveillance of hazardous drugs is required to document traces and help reduce risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The results of contamination monitoring during a one-year pilot period are described. Summary. A hematology-oncology satellite pharmacy conducted contamination monitoring for one year, using methotrexate as the index marker. From January 12, 2005, to December 21, 2005, 40 sampling sessions occurred during which 238 wipe samples (excluding positive controls) were collected. Each week, seven wipe samples were prepared by pharmacy technicians. Samples were obtained from the blank reference (site 0), the external metallic window frame of the main biological safety cabinet (BSC) (site 1), the back of the phone receiver (site 2), the external surface of an i.v. solution bag that was inside the BSC the previous hour (site 3), a working surface used for the final packaging and labeling (site 4), and the floor of the preparation room (site 5). The sixth sample was a positive methotrexate control. The methotrexate was detected by a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorometric detector. Five samples tested positive for methotrexate—two from site 1, one from site 2, one from site 4, and one from site 0 (the blank); the last finding was thought to have most likely been the result of an error or sample mix-up during the wipe-sampling procedures. Despite differences in the sampling methods used, the type of wetting solution used, and the volume of desorption solution, the results were consistent with the literature in terms of few positive results. Conclusion. A program was developed to monitor surface contamination by methotrexate in a hematology-oncology satellite pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Afin de relever les défis des nouvelles missions pharmaceutiques qui leur sont et seront confiées, les pharmaciens doivent chercher à améliorer leur pratique. Une revue et une analyse documentaire des preuves disponibles décrivant le rôle et l’impact de leurs activités ont été réalisées. Summary In order to meet the challenges of the new pharmaceutical missions which have been and will be entrusted to them, pharmacists must seek to improve their practice. A documentary review and analysis of available evidence describing the role and impact of their activities has been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]