Search

Erythrophylloporus is a lamellate genus in the family Boletaceae that has been recently described from China based on E.cinnabarinus, the only known species. Typical characters of Erythrophylloporus are reddish-orange to yellowish-red basidiomata, including lamellae, bright yellow basal mycelium and smooth, broadly ellipsoid, ellipsoid to nearly ovoid basidiospores. During our survey on diversity of Boletaceae in Thailand, several yellowish-orange to reddish- or brownish-orange lamellate boletes were collected. Based on both morphological evidence and molecular analyses of a four-gene dataset (atp6, tef1, rpb2 and cox3), they were recognised as belonging in Erythrophylloporus and different from the already known species. Two new species, E.paucicarpus and E.suthepensis are therefore introduced from Thailand with detailed descriptions and illustrations. Moreover, two previously described Phylloporus species, P.aurantiacus and P.fagicola, were also revised and recombined in Erythrophylloporus. A key to all known Erythrophylloporus species is provided.

Tropical forests represent vast carbon stocks and continue to be key carbon sinks and buffer climate changes. The international policy constructed several mechanisms aiming at conservation and sustainable use of these forests. Illegal logging is an important threat of forests, especially in the tropics. Several laws and regulations have been set up to combat illegal timber trade. Despite significant enforcement efforts of these regulations, illegal logging continues to be a serious problem and impacts for the functioning of the forest ecosystem and global biodiversity in the tropics. Microscopic analysis of wood samples and the use of conventional plant DNA barcodes often do not allow to distinguish closely-related species. The use of novel molecular technologies could make an important contribution for the identification of tree species. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools to obtain the complete de-novo chloroplast genome of 62 commercial African timber species using the genome skimming method. Then, we performed a comparative genomic analysis that revealed new candidate genetic regions for the discrimination of closely-related species. We concluded that genome skimming is a promising method for the development of plant genetic markers to combat illegal logging activities supporting CITES, FLEGT and the EU Timber Regulation., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Raspe, Olivier/0000-0002-8426-2133; Akata, Ilgaz/0000-0002-1731-1302; Amalfi, Mario/0000-0002-1792-7828 WOS: 000470924300001 PubMed: 31217724 Two new species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae are described from tropical Africa (incl. Madagascar) based on both morphological and molecular (DNA sequence) data. Amanita bweyeyensis sp. nov. was collected, associated with Eucalyptus, in Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania. It is consumed by local people and chemical analyses showed the absence of amatoxins and phallotoxins in the basidiomata. Surprisingly, molecular analysis performed on the same specimens nevertheless demonstrated the presence of the gene sequence encoding for the phallotoxin phallacidin (PHA gene, member of the MSDIN family). The second species, Amanita harkoneniana sp. nov. was collected in Tanzania and Madagascar. It is also characterised by a complete PHA gene sequence and is suspected to be deadly poisonous. Both species clustered together in a well-supported terminal clade in multilocus phylogenetic inferences (including nuclear ribosomal partial LSU and ITS-5.8S, partial tef1-alpha, rpb2 and beta-tubulin genes), considered either individually or concatenated. This, along with the occurrence of other species in sub-Saharan Africa and their phylogenetic relationships, are briefly discussed. Macro- and microscopic descriptions, as well as pictures and line drawings, are presented for both species. An identification key to the African and Madagascan species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae is provided. The differences between the two new species and the closest Phalloideae species are discussed. FONERWA (Rwanda's Green Fund) We thank the FONERWA (Rwanda's Green Fund) which supported the inventory work of the edible fungi in the framework of the "Developing local mushroom strains to improve smallholder outgrower livelihoods and defend against National Park encroachment", a project initiated in 2014 which allowed the discovery of these two Amanita species. We are also very grateful to Paul Pirot, who gave to the BR herbarium several specimens of Amanita harkoneniana he collected in Madagascar. We address our sincere thanks to the curators and members of the herbaria AD, H, K, MEL, PREM, PRU and VPI, for the information and the specimens they sent us on loan. We also thank Jilber Barutciyan for initiating and facilitating contacts between the Belgian and Turkish authors of this article and Elaine Davison for useful suggestions to improve the text. We are grateful to Cyrille Gerstmans and Omer Van de Kerckhove for preparing the figures for publication.

Four species are added to Phylloporia. Three species, originating from the western edge of the Guineo-Congolian rainforest in Gabon (central Africa), are described as new. Phylloporia afrospathulata sp. nov. forms seasonal, stipitate, solitary basidiomata emerging from soil, more likely connected to buried roots, and has broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. Phylloporia inonotoides sp. nov. forms seasonal sessile, soft basidiomata, solitary at the base of small-stemmed trees including Crotonogyne manniana (Euphorbiaceae) and Garcinia cf. smeathmannii (Clusiaceae). It has a homogeneous context, large pores (2-3 mm), and oblong-ellipsoid to suballantoid basidiospores. Phylloporia fulva sp. nov. forms sessile, conchate, mostly pendant, gregarious basidiomata emerging from the trunk of an unidentified small-stemmed tree and has small, subglobose basidiospores. This species is compared to Polyporus pullus and Phylloporia pulla comb. nov. and proposed based on the study of the type specimen. Phylogenetic inferences using partial nuc 28S DNA sequence data (region including the D1/D2/D3 domains) and the most exhaustive dataset available to date resolved these new morphospecies as three distinct terminal lineages. No sequence data of P. pulla currently is available. The 28S-based phylogenic inferences poorly resolved the interspecific relationships within the Phylloporia clade.

Fomitiporia nobilissima sp. nov., F. gabonensis sp. nov. and F. ivindoensis sp. nov., three species from the rainforest of the Guineo-Congolian phytogeographic region in Gabon, are described and illustrated. These species share a pileate basidiome, small basidiospores and an absence of setae. The critical morphological features that differentiate them are the pileus habit or shape, pore surface color, pore diameter and possibly ecology. Each new species forms distinct but closely related clades in phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal LSU, ITS and translation elongation factor 1-α. Other species in sub-Saharan Africa are discussed briefly. A key to six species of Fomitiporia from sub-Saharan Africa is provided. The new combination Fomitiporia apiahyna is proposed.

t In the frame of a revision of the Fomitiporia species with pileate basidiomata in the New World, several collections originating from Andean, high elevation forests of Argentina were found to represent a terminal clade in multilocus phylogenetic inferences (including nuclear ribosomal partial LSU and ITS-5.8S, partial tef1-α and RPB2 genes). These collections also represent a singular morphotype within Fomitiporia, characterized by mostly pileate basidiomata, with a soft corky consistency, roughly sulcate pilei, a “duplex” context with a thin black line, and dextrinoid basidiospores, averaging 5.9×5.3 μm. It also has a well-marked autecology, occurring on shrubby trees in high elevation forests along the Andean range. A search in the literature for a name pointed toward Phellinus baccharidis, despite the fact that this species was repeatedly described with non-dextrinoid basidiospores. Examination of the type of P. baccharidis confirmed the main morphological features as previously described, but for the reaction of basidiospores in Melzer’s reagent, which was found to be strongly positive (dextrinoid), and an overall similarity with our own specimens; hence, the new combination Fomitiporia baccharidis is proposed. The species is redescribed and illustrated. It is so far known from Argentina and Ecuador. Its phylogenetic relationships with the South American Fomitiporia are briefly discussed. Fil: Amalfi, Mario. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina Fil: Decock, Cony. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica

During the revision of the Neotropical Fomitiporia species with resupinate basidiomata, several collections from southern Brazil, central Argentina, and French Guiana were found to represent an undescribed species, on the basis of molecular (DNA sequence) and additional morphological and distributional data. This taxon is described and illustrated as Fomitiporia neotropica sp. nov. The species belongs to the Fomitiporia langloisii lineage, the lineage type within Fomitiporia that so far contains only species with resupinate basidiomata spanning exclusively over the Neotropics. Fomitiporia neotropica is morphologically variable regarding the presence/absence of hymenial setae, and secondarily, regarding the pore size. It also inhabits distinct ecosystems characterized by variable moisture regimes. The range of divergent positions in the DNA sequences used in this study (ITS, 28S, partial tef1-α, and rpb2), between specimens from distant origins, are of the same magnitude as those between specimens of other related species, such as F. langloisii , F. dryophila , F. maxonii, or F. mediterranea. A key to the species from the F. langloisii lineage is given. Fil: de Campos Santana, Marisa. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Amalfi, Mario. Universite Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique; Bélgica Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Borges Da Silveira, Rosa. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Decock, Cony. Universite Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica

Microbiology (ELIM), Universite catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Abstract: Fomitiporia castilloi sp. nov. from the lowland rainforest in French Guyana is described, illustrated and its phylogenetic affinities are discussed. This species is characterized by pileate basidiomata, a plicate margin, abundant, variably shaped hymenial setae and basidiospores averaging ≅ 6 × 5 μm. In phylogenetic inferences based on a DNA sequence dataset of four loci (5�c end of the LSU, ITS-5.8S, partial tef1 and rpb2), F. castilloi occupies an isolated position, basal to a clade that is composed exclusively of Neotropical species with resupinate basidiomata. The phylogenetic inferences also provide evidence of an unreported complexity within the Neotropical taxa, with multiple clades closely related to F. apiahyna and F. texana, representing additional potential species.

Fomitiporia cupressicola sp. nov., found in living Cupressus arizonica, is described on the basis of several collections originating from a high altitude forest in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. The species forms a monophyletic clade, basal to a larger lineage comprising species originating mainly from temperate to Mediterranean areas of the northern hemisphere. The phylogenetic approach in Fomitiporia also revealed multiple unnamed clades within the F. robusta complex in the southern USA and northern Mexico, representing potential species. The status of the F. robusta complex in North America is discussed briefly.

Perenniporiella chaquenia sp. nov. is described from Argentina. New records of P. pendula and P micropora are discussed. A key to Perenniporiella species is presented. Preliminary phylogenetic relationships of Perenniporiella are inferred from parsimony and Bayesian analysis of a combined set of DNA sequence data (nuclear ribosomal partial LSU and ITS). It. demonstrated that Perenniporiella forms a well resolved monophyletic clade distantly related to Perenniporia s.s. It also clearly showed that within Perenniporia as Usually conceived other morphologically homogeneous group of taxa, Such as the P. ochroleuca or P. vicina alliances, form well resolved clades, which Could be recognized as distinct genera. The differentiation of the hyphal system and the basidiospores morphology are outlined as critical features for the definition of genera in the Perenniporia complex. Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Amalfi, Mario. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica Fil: Castillo, Gabriel. Université de Liege; Bélgica Fil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Decock, Cony. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica

Phylloporia nouraguensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of several collections made in French Guiana. The species was found growing on living (or occasionally dead), small apical twigs of a species of Myrcia (Myrtaceae), in the so-called "low forest" covering the upper slopes of the Nouragues inselberg. Fil: Decock, Cony. Universite Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica Fil: Amalfi, Mario. Universite Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina Fil: Castillo, Gabriel. Université de Liège; Bélgica