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Rural electrification is critical for socio-economic development, enhancing livelihoods, education, and productivity in rural areas. The Namibian government's Rural Electrification Programme (REP) aims to improve the socio-economic status of rural communities, many of which lack electricity access. This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews with key informants to assess the socio-economic impacts of the REP in Namibia. Thematic analysis reveals that electrification significantly boosts productivity, income generation, healthcare, and education, yet also presents unintended challenges. For example, disparities emerge as not all residents can afford electricity, exacerbating socio-economic divides. Policy gaps, resource mobilisation, and infrastructural challenges hinder REP's full potential. This study's findings highlight the need for robust policies to ensure equitable and sustainable rural development, aligning with Namibia's Vision 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. Further research should explore renewable energy integration and the broader impacts of rural electrification in Namibia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, concerns regarding the environmental impact of microplastics (MPs) have led to increased international attention on these pollutants. Although the initial focus was largely directed toward marine environments, land-based pollution sources, including MP release, have been recognized to directly affect marine ecosystems. Therefore, soil-, atmosphere-, groundwater-, and river-based research is ongoing. However, when considering sources of MP, it is necessary to examine the circular system of plastic in terms of raw materials, production, consumption, discharge, and disposal (recycling). Accordingly, the present study proposes a strategy to effectively manage MPs using this circular system. First, the factors influencing MPs in the circular system were identified, and MPs at the system's final stage, i.e., at the waste treatment facility, were subsequently investigated. Using the concept of MP waste (MPW), strategies were then developed for effective MP management within the circular system. Applying the proposed theoretical strategy to the Korean waste management system revealed that the new policy framework improves the current MP management system. Overall, this study provides fundamental data for establishing new or improved MP management schemes from a waste sector perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, several policies have increasingly considered smart technologies as a potential solution to overcome territorial marginality in rural areas, where digitalization and smart innovation could help local communities address challenges such as depopulation and socio-economic deprivation. At the European scale, the Smart Village Action was launched in 2017 to address the socalled "circle of decline", showing to what extent rural smartness has been recently gaining momentum in transnational cohesion policies. This work aims to critically explore the Smart Village paradigm as a recently-emerged policy framework in rural, cohesion and/or recovery policies, investigating if and how it is variously (re)interpreted in policies and operationally applied in projects. From a methodological point of view, a qualitative policy document analysis (QPDA) and software-based content analysis were carried out on UE official documents, offering new theoretical insights and operational recommendations for understanding the concept of smartness beyond urban-centered perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a pressing public health concern in India, leading to a rise in injury‐related deaths, hospitalizations, and disabilities. India accounts for a significant portion of the world's fatal traffic accidents, with two‐wheelers being involved in the majority of these accidents. The impact of non‐fatal injuries on individuals extends beyond the bodily consequences of the injury and includes both the physical and psychological dimensions of the injury. The literature indicates the need for policy cascades and implementation framework for the prevention of road traffic injury. This study aimed to investigate the post‐RTI experiences and challenges faced by college students who experienced road traffic injury during their college life by using a qualitative research approach in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The study found that college students who experienced RTIs faced a wide range of physical, emotional, and social difficulties. The study highlights the need for a more comprehensive and holistic approach to RTI prevention that takes into account the complex interplay of individual, environmental, and societal factors that contribute to RTIs. The study also underscores the urgent need to improve the quality and availability of healthcare and rehabilitation services for RTI survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indus River Basin (IRB), one of the major river basins in the Hindu Kush Himalaya, is primarily sustained by meltwater from the cryosphere. It caters to diverse sectors, including intense irrigation-supported agriculture, energy production, tourism and biodiversity. The cryosphere of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) is mainly influenced by the western disturbances with subordinate contribution from the Indian Summer Monsoon. Increase in ambient temperature, shrinking cryospheric reserves, fluctuating surface run-off and enhanced frequency of extreme weather events are some of the noticeable indicators of climate change in the UIB. These changes will most likely adversely affect the water-dependent sectors in the upstream and downstream of IRB, posing serious threat to food security and livelihoods. Although the region has gained significant attention in recent years, there remains a noticeable knowledge gap pertaining to certain key issues with serious implications for the natural environment and the people. A national workshop was organized for stimulated deliberations to identify the major knowledge gaps and suggest a policy framework for climate change mitigation in the UIB. The workshop underscores the urgent need of multi-institutional, multidisciplinary, comprehensive, coordinated and time-bound collaboration to study the interplay of complex drivers on water resources of the UIB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) remains a pervasive and complex issue in South Africa, particularly affecting women and girls. This study delves into the heart of this problem by focusing on Mankweng Township, an area marked by diverse cultural influences and socioeconomic challenges. Drawing upon a combination of interviews, questionnaires, and focus group discussions, this research comprehensively examines GBV, its root causes, and the experiences of its victims and survivors. The findings illuminate a nuanced picture of GBV, transcending conventional narratives. While the study confirms the predominant role of men as perpetrators, it also recognises that not all men adhere to violent behaviours. Men, women, and members of the LGBTQ+ community in Mankweng Township face varying degrees of violence and discrimination, thus challenging stereotypical perceptions. Traditional customs and cultural norms are revealed as powerful factors perpetuating GBV. The practice of lobola, emphasising ownership of women, and the subjugation of women in relationships are particularly highlighted. However, the study also uncovers potential solutions within cultural and religious frameworks where churches can serve as safe spaces for dialogue and support. Importantly, the research spotlights the often-overlooked experiences of the LGBTQ+ community, who face a disproportionately high risk of GBV. The fear of judgment and discrimination stifles their ability to seek help and report incidents. This underscores the need for a more inclusive approach to GBV prevention and intervention programs. The study's recommendations highlight the importance of awareness programs, better resource distribution, and cultural re-evaluation. It emphasizes the need to involve men and boys actively in GBV prevention efforts, challenging harmful gender norms and behaviours. As explored in this study, the legislative framework provides a robust foundation for addressing GBV. However, the study also highlights the critical importance of effective implementation and enforcement of these laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze policy interventions regarding the implementation of autonomous vehicles (AV) in Indonesia. The research takes place in Jakarta due to its unique characteristics and status as one of the most congested cities in the world. The paper employs the qualitative approach to understand policy intervention for AV implementation. The methods used in this research are the combination of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Semi-Structured Interview. This research elaborates that AV implementation in Indonesia should come in the form of AV buses in the initial stage. Thus, it is necessary in the context of AV buses to construct dedicated lanes, provide onboard stewards, and give government incentives in a way that ensures the adoption's success rate. Furthermore, the thematic analysis of the research also emphasizes several themes in the context of AV implementation, such as implementation, accessibility, regulatory framework, sustainability, local characteristics, and annotation. These themes could provide a comprehensive understanding related to the policy intervention that should be taken by the Indonesian government regarding the AV implementation in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the intersection of social entrepreneurship and the circular economy as a pathway to sustainable development. As global challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and social inequality become increasingly urgent, innovative solutions are essential for fostering resilience and promoting equitable growth. Social entrepreneurship, defined by its dual mission of addressing social issues while achieving economic viability, offers a unique framework for integrating circular economy principles, which emphasize the restoration of ecosystems, resource efficiency, and waste reduction. The paper analyzes key concepts and theories underpinning both fields, highlighting how social enterprises can serve as catalysts for circular initiatives. By leveraging community engagement and collaborative models, social entrepreneurs can create value that not only supports economic growth but also enhances social equity and environmental sustainability. Case studies illustrate successful implementations of circular practices within social enterprises across various sectors, demonstrating their potential to transform local economies and contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, the paper identifies barriers to the integration of social entrepreneurship and circular economy practices, including regulatory challenges, funding gaps, and the need for greater awareness and education. By addressing these challenges, policymakers and stakeholders can support the growth of social enterprises and facilitate the transition toward a circular economy. This synthesis of literature contributes to a deeper understanding of how social entrepreneurship can drive sustainable development and offers insights for future research, practice, and policy. Ultimately, this paper underscores the importance of fostering synergistic relationships between social entrepreneurship and the circular economy to achieve a more sustainable and equitable world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the present efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the oil and gas industry in the Gulf of Guinea. It reveals that there are many challenges and obstacles due to the lack of coordination and issues linked to resources. The text advocates for a unified approach to address major obstacles such as budgetary constraints, technological deficiencies, and the absence of favorable policy frameworks. Despite these difficulties, the analysis highlights substantial possibilities for reducing carbon emissions that might lead to financial savings, enhanced environmental indicators, and increased industrial competitiveness. The recommended checklist for decarbonization plan emphasizes the importance of setting specific objectives, developing economically efficient methods to reduce carbon emissions, and promoting collaboration among stakeholders, all of which should be supported by favorable legislation. The strategy promotes particular policy and investment measures, suggesting significant consequences for decision-makers in the oil and gas sector, policy-making organizations, and investment entities. The goal is to promote a unified approach that harmonizes firm plans, governmental frameworks, and financial inflows with the overall decarbonization goals of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews key policy challenges relating to solo self‐employed workers––the segment with increasing shares in the workforce in most developed countries in recent decades. We document that this segment attracts the attention of policymakers within four policy domains: addressing decent work deficits, entrepreneurship and small business policies, activating marginalized groups through self‐employment, and improving the well‐being of the solo self‐employed. We offer an integrative framework enabling the analysis of synergies and contradictions of the various policy initiatives targeting the solo self‐employed. The study argues that workers who persistently employ only themselves should be understood as a (third) segment of the labor market qualitatively distinct from the traditionally defined categories of "employee" or "employer." A policy‐oriented segmentation of the contemporary workforce using this "blurred trinary divide" is proposed with size estimates of its key segments and subsegments. Finally, the study discusses the prospects of the solo self‐employed in the emerging post‐pandemic economy and offers recommendations regarding future research and data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main factors affecting the safety of signalised intersections is the stop/go behaviour during the yellow interval. Although previous research has exhaustively examined drivers' stop/go decision-making, the expected autonomous vehicles' (AVs') stop/go behaviour has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Through a series of simulation experiments developed for conventional and autonomous vehicles using different carfollowing, lane-changing, lateral placement and stop/go model parameter values, we examine here whether the default VISSIM stop/go parameter values can adequately replicate the observed drivers' behaviour at the considered intersection and assess the suitability of using the currently available options, albeit referring to human drivers, to simulate the expected stop/go behaviour of AVs. We also propose a policy framework for determining the desired behaviour of AVs in yellow interval, which is integrated into an AVs logic and achieved in the last simulation to explore the effect of automation on the stop/go outcome and, hence, on the safety level of signalised intersections. Several data analysis and modeling techniques were used for the formulation of certain scenarios, including binary choice models. The default stop/go parameter values were found unfit to replicate the observed stop/go behaviour and subjected to calibration. Compared to the currently available options, the proposed AVs logic proved to produce the most accurate results, in terms of the stop/go simulation outcome. Regarding the impact of automation on the stop/go outcome, the simulation experiments showed that AVs preferred a more conservative behaviour in favor of road safety, as indicated by the significant reduction (z15%) in the number of vehicles crossing the stop line during the yellow light and zero instances of red light violation. However, compared to the conservative drivers represented by the default stop/go parameter values, AVs preferred a more rational behaviour in favor of intersection capacity without compromising road safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater biodiversity faces a critical situation globally. Current efforts to protect and conserve India's freshwater biodiversity have been insufficient in light of emerging challenges. To address this, we propose 14 science-based and policy-backed recommendations aimed at achieving long-term protection of Indian freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity conservation goals. Managers of India's nodal agencies have expressed support for implementing these recommendations. The Wildlife Institute of India has recently launched a pioneering master's degree programme in freshwater ecology and instituted scholarships for local citizens known as 'Guardians of the Ganga', who are actively engaged in conserving biodiversity along the Ganga River under the auspices of the 'Biodiversity Conservation and Ganga Rejuvenation' project sponsored by the National Mission for Clean Ganga. These initiatives align closely with our proposed recommendations. Implementing these timely recommendations by policymakers is crucial to safeguarding India's freshwater biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy has emerged as a crucial solution to address the challenges posed by climate change and the increasing demand for energy. This paper aims to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of renewable energy for achieving competitive growth. The study examines the current state of renewable energy technologies, identifies the barriers to their widespread implementation, and highlights the potential benefits and opportunities for economic growth. The findings suggest that while there are challenges to overcome, renewable energy presents significant opportunities for sustainable development and a competitive advantage in the global market. The literature review was supplemented by an additional review on the criteria used by different policymakers and case studies. The final presentation of the results creates a taxonomy landscape of criteria for the social and political perspectives as well as success story in terms of CSR. The strategical importance in this regard is related to the perspective in the decision-making by policy makers in different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the transformative potential of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in propelling the dairy industry toward net zero emissions, a critical objective in the global fight against climate change. Employing the Canadian dairy sector as a case study, the study extrapolates its findings to demonstrate the global applicability of these technologies in enhancing environmental sustainability across the agricultural spectrum. We begin by delineating the environmental challenges confronting the dairy industry worldwide, with an emphasis on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including methane from enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide from manure management. The pressing need for innovative approaches in light of the accelerating climate crisis forms the crux of our argument. Our analysis delves into the role of Big Data and AI in revolutionizing emission management in dairy farming. This includes applications in optimizing feed efficiency, refining manure management, and improving energy utilization. Technological solutions such as predictive analytics for feed optimization, AI in herd health management, and sensor networks for real-time monitoring are thoroughly examined. Crucially, the paper addresses the wider implications of integrating these technologies in dairy farming. We discuss the development of benchmarking standards for emissions, the importance of data privacy, and the essential role of policy in promoting sustainable practices. These aspects are vital in supporting the adoption of technology, ensuring ethical use, and aligning with international climate commitments. Concluding, our comprehensive study not only suggests a pathway for the dairy industry towards environmental sustainability but also provides insights into the role of digital technologies in broader agricultural practices, aligning with global environmental sustainability efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Landscape Architecture Frontiers is the property of Higher Education Press Limited Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research employs Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to examine customer awareness with rooftop solar systems across different education levels. Data from 200 consumers from Kottayam District were analyzed, focusing on six factors: carbon footprint, government subsidy, reduced electricity bill, maintenance, installation and warranty. The results show a significant correlation between awareness levels and education categories. Highly educated groups find the government subsidy, reduced electricity bill, maintenance and warranty of rooftop solar systems more aware of. Meanwhile, carbon footprint and installation seem to be independent of educational status. The study suggests that education significantly affects consumer awareness with rooftop solar systems. SPSS was used for the analysis. The report concludes that tailored strategies are needed to enhance consumer awareness across all education levels and ensure equitable distribution of the benefits of rooftop solar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate distance education practices in higher education during the pandemic, focusing on lived experiences, and proposing a policy decision framework for future distance education in similar conditions. Additionally, the study aimed to establish a design framework for an Emergency Action Plan for similar crisis periods. In the study, a case study was used to provide a detailed examination of the current situation's characteristics. The study group consisted of 63 administrators from 34 universities who actively participated in decision-making during the pandemic. Data were collected through 11 online focus group interviews, and the Miles-Huberman Model was used for analysis. The study proposed a policy decision framework for distance education in the postpandemic period, consisting of 11 headings such as blended learning, open course materials, and Distance Education Center structuring. Additionally, the study presented an emergency action plan framework consisting of six components, including keeping the technological infrastructure working and supporting face-to-face courses with distance education. This study provides valuable insights for universities in preparing for potential crises and improving their distance education practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the integration of Circular Economy (CE) principles into Romania's national policy, mainly through its Revised 2023 Action Plan. It begins by setting the stage for the importance of sustainable development, which necessitates innovative policies that prioritize both environmental conservation and economic resilience. Romania's embrace of CE principles, aiming to redefine resource utilization, minimize waste, and bolster environmental preservation, serves as the focal point of this study. Key findings reveal significant advancements in waste management and infrastructural enhancements that foster CE adoption despite facing challenges in policy implementation. The Revised 2023 Action Plan marks a critical step in Romania's journey towards sustainable development, showcasing the potential for increased employment, resource efficiency, and environmental stewardship. This article makes a vital contribution to the field by charting Romania's progress towards its circularity ambitions and suggesting avenues for policy refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of official codes of ethics and conduct for teaching practice at many traditional South African universities is of great concern. With this sequential explanatory, triangulation, mixed-method study we aimed to provide a valuable framework for universities developing and implementing these codes. In this study, quantitative content analysis, quantitative surveys, and qualitative interviews revealed that many universities did not have codes specific to teaching practice but rather applied codes that were created for the broader university context. Furthermore, where codes for teaching practice do exist, these are often not official university policies, not available to the public, and feature elements that vary across universities. Consequently, ethical dilemmas experienced during teaching practice are not addressed in these codes. Pre-service teachers in this study were found to be unaware of these codes and their content and were thus unprepared for ethical risk that may occur in teaching practice. The lack of codes of ethics and conduct, and awareness thereof, pose potential risks to various stakeholders in teaching practice. This led to the development of guidelines for a policy framework that addressed what should form part of the codes and how to improve awareness thereof. It is recommended that universities include a separate code of ethics and code of conduct in the teaching practice handbook to increase pre-service teachers’ awareness of values and morals expected of them and guide their behaviour during teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that enters the environment through natural and anthropogenic sources. A small amount of arsenic remains in living organisms, but its exposure at elevated concentrations is hazardous and thus creates a toxic effect. Evidence has shown that the level of arsenic in Bangladeshi foodstuffs is higher than the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization and other regulatory bodies in Bangladesh. Previously published reports show that the transport and abundance of arsenic create potential threats to the fresh and processed products of Bangladesh. However, monitoring and assessment of arsenic toxicity in the exposure sources are lacking. Although severe contamination of arsenic in the environmental matrices and numerous foodstuffs has been summarized, a perilous appraisal concerning trophic transfer and arsenic exposure through environmental matrices in Bangladesh has not yet been accomplished. This review critically discussed arsenic pollution, exposure toxicity, unexploited research gaps and prevailing legislation for pollution control. This study also highlighted the potential transfer of arsenic within the food webs, and sustainable strategies for arsenic pollution control to enhance food safety as a vital issue in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the current review urgently recommends formulating a conceptual policy framework to combat arsenic contamination in Bangladesh's environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, the South African government approved the Department of Higher Education and Training's (DHET) Policy Framework for Internationalisation of Higher Education in South Africa. The framework provides policy guidelines universities will need to follow when developing institutional internationalisation policies. Using critical discourse analysis, this review posits that the DHET missed an opportunity to rethink internationalisation in line with critical debates and scholarship on transformation and decolonisation of knowledge. Instead of aligning internationalisation of higher education in South Africa with progressive visions of contextually relevant and decolonised education, the framework reflects dominant Eurocentric approaches, practices and definitions of internationalisation. As such, DHET's framework fails to provide a much-needed guide for development of institutional policies that can contribute to higher education internationalisation in South Africa becoming more authentically international and embracing a more representative set of global knowledges and ways of knowing in a horizontal, pluralistic and non-hegemonic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper aims to investigate the cardiology department's operational system for improving flexibility by minimizing the patient waiting time and simultaneously maximizing the utilization of service capacity in an uncertain environment. This article also proposes a policy framework that suggests a pool of additional resources and inter-firm collaboration can boost healthcare service delivery excellence. Design/methodology/approach: A discrete event simulation (DES) approach is followed for modeling patient flow and determining the service capacity to respond to demand variability and uncertainty. The model's outputs are used to minimize patient waiting time, maximize the utilization of the resources and match the service capacity with the patient demand. Findings: This research has tested two hypotheses and proved that an increase in waiting time decimates the throughput rate, and additional resources deployment in bottleneck activity positively impacts the throughput rate. The simulated scenarios prescribe an enhanced service capacity with quality care and further contribute to operational performance in reduced waiting time and cost. The results indicate that flexibility reduces the patient waiting time and maximizes the throughput rate. Practical implications: The study guides the healthcare policymakers to develop flexible competence and facilitate service mechanisms that are adaptive and robust while operating under a volatile environment. The article contributes to the healthcare literature that conjoins flexibility through simulation and resource utilization. Originality/value: This research is based on real-life primary data collected from healthcare providers. This study adds value to the healthcare systems to adopt strategic decisions to build flexibility through resource allocation, sharing and coordinated care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a crucial step in addressing the climate emergency and enhancing energy security, the European Union has set ambitious targets to decarbonise its economy by 2050. While the building sector plays a pivotal role in this transition, being accountable for 36% of the EU's total carbon emissions, it shows a renovation rate below 1% per year, which is clearly insufficient. To address this challenge, this study uses the cost-optimal methodology from private and social perspectives to assess the cost-effectiveness and environmental impact of five renovation packages with passive and active solutions currently available on the Portuguese market. The results demonstrated that from both perspectives, optimal combinations of market solutions were generally cost-effective and could lead to a 90–99% reduction in energy needs and even to zero carbon levels. Nevertheless, beyond cost-effectiveness, consideration of co-benefits, e.g., social and health improvements, is also crucial, requiring government action. To drive these essential changes, effective policy measures are imperative. Recommendations encompass robust regulatory frameworks, financial support mechanisms, knowledge dissemination, and a shift towards broader-scale renovation. For carbon reduction to be economically attractive, fostering innovative business models and leveraging legal instruments to tackle complex scenarios are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), the necessity for lightweight communication is also increasing due to the constrained capabilities of IoT devices. This paper presents the design of a novel lightweight protocol called the Enhanced Lightweight Security Gateway Protocol (ELSGP) based on a distributed computation model of the IoT layer. This model introduces a new type of node called a sub-server to assist edge layer servers and IoT devices with computational tasks and act as a primary gateway for dependent IoT nodes. This paper then introduces six features of ELSGP with developed algorithms that include access token distribution and validation, authentication and dynamic interoperability, attribute-based access control, traffic filtering, secure tunneling, and dynamic load distribution and balancing. Considering the variability of system requirements, ELSGP also outlines how to adopt a system-defined policy framework. For fault resiliency, this paper also presents fault mitigation mechanisms, especially Trust and Priority Impact Relation for Byzantine, Cascading, and Transient faults. A simulation study was carried out to validate the protocol's performance. Based on the findings from the performance evaluation, further analysis of the protocol and future research directions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The healthcare industry significantly impacts the environment due to its high usage of energy and natural resources and the associated waste generation. This study applied a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) approach to assess the environmental and social life cycles of public hospitals. One hundred twenty-four public hospitals were selected for the current study; their sustainability performance was compared with those certified by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). The comparison revealed several factors contributing to the poor sustainability performance of public hospitals. These include inadequate management, substandard planning, political interference, insufficient staffing and funding, high energy consumption, high expenses, inconsistent healthcare policies, and conventional building designs. System thinking was leveraged, and a causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed to visualize the interdependency of the identified indicators of LCSA. Based on the findings of the study, a policy framework is proposed to guide the development of sustainable healthcare buildings. The framework includes using eco-friendly materials and techniques in construction, harnessing solar energy, improving hospital management practices, promoting public awareness about sustainability, conserving energy and water, and adopting sustainable waste management and transportation. Additionally, it emphasizes addressing social issues such as improving indoor air quality, thermal comfort, lighting, acoustics, patient safety, and security and ensuring that healthcare services are accessible and affordable. This study contributes to the literature on sustainable healthcare buildings by providing a practical policy framework for achieving sustainability in the healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, manufacturing development has received renewed attention from developing and developed countries alike. As mega-city regions (MCRs) are where manufacturing industries converge, the research on urban networks of MCRs under the dominance of manufacturing transaction linkages is currently insufficient. Based on the buyer–supplier linkages of listed manufacturing firms, this paper investigated the characteristics of the urban network in the Yangtze River Delta region (YRDR) in China using the social network analysis method; explored the determinants of nodal centrality and city dyads of the urban network by the stepwise regression and quadratic assignment procedures, respectively; and proposes a "characteristics-determinants-strategies" technical framework for the analysis and optimization of interurban collaboration in manufacturing transactions within MCRs. The findings were as follows: (1) The characteristics of the urban manufacturing transaction networks differed from those of transaction linkages of advanced producer services (APS) firms, intra-firm organization hierarchies, and innovation cooperation networks; (2) the network and geographical "core-periphery" structure of urban power and the circulation corridor of the urban manufacturing transaction network was formed within the YRDR; (3) cooperation parks, innovation collaboration, high-speed rail (HSR) linkage, and geographical proximity between cities were found to facilitate the formation of urban manufacturing transaction networks, and the similarity of industry structures and driving distance between cities inhibits the network; (4) the number of urban industrial firms, GDP per capita, and city government spending on science and technology contributed to the centrality of a city in urban manufacturing transaction networks, while the urban population in a city had a negative impact. The research provides a complementary perspective to the urban network research of MCRs under the perspective of production factors and product circulation and provides policy and urban planning insights for the synergistic development of interurban manufacturing in MCRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This systematic study aims to analyze qualitative research related to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in urban management. The study seeks to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the current state of AI policy experiences in cities. By systematically reviewing and synthesizing prior findings in this domain, this research aims to contribute to the development of more effective policies for the responsible and efficient use of AI in urban management. Methods In this study, a meta synthesis approach was employed, relying on the seven-step framework proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). Thematic analysis was used as the tool for qualitative data analysis. To assess research quality, inter-coder agreement, provision of coded text samples, reporting of research process steps, and iterative reviewer discussions were utilized. Results Relevant articles were identified and analyzed. The findings from the coding process were categorized twice, first within a contextual framework following PESTLE’s analysis, and secondly into 27 proposed thematic categories. Furthermore, three dimensions of sustainability (data-driven, algorithmic, and ethical) in AI systems relevant to urban management were identified. Conclusion As a final outcome of this research, we propose a metaphorical framework called the "AI Policy Staircase for Cities." This framework comprises five steps: World view, Sociey, Legal system, Urban Governance, and Technology Management. Researchers of this metaphorical framework take a cross-disciplinary approach to prioritize among these five high-level concepts and introduce key dimensions within each, providing guidance to stakeholders involved in AI policy-making for urban management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to investigate traveler's willingness to use demand responsive transit (DRT) to address transportation challenges in Karachi, a city of Sindh province in Pakistan. DRT is a shared mobility option where vehicles can alter routes according to destinations of passenger. This research is conducted on a questionnaire that is based on a stated preference (SP) survey with well-designed choice experiments. DRT was taken as a hypothetical alternative along with other existing alternatives such as carpooling, minibus, and private car. This research mainly focused on choice experiments of working class and students. It established multinomial logit (MNL) model and nested logit (NL) model for analytical results. Carpooling was taken as reference level in this study. Hypothetical approach was also used for advanced assumptions. The modelling results reveals that working class is more likely to use DRT than students. The socio demographic variables such as gender, age, monthly income and employment were also found to be significant. Service attributes including travel time, travel cost, waiting time, and cancellation fees were also significant. The study concluded with a policy framework that suggest public private participation to initiate this project. Moreover, it also proposed that DRT should be initiated by existing business giants of ridesharing services as they are well aware of the business model of shared mobility. This study can be beneficial to policy makers and government to extend DRT network in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EDU REVIEW: International Education & Learning Review / Revista Internacional de Educación & Aprendizaje is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The education sector of Somalia faces many challenges to increasing the quality of higher education and this negatively impacts the development of skilled human resources and the internationalization of higher education. The scoping review's aim is to analyze the current gap in standard education policy and strategy framework and suggest the way forward to overcome the current challenges. In the study, publications related to the current higher education system, challenges, and the way forward were searched from eight resourceful databases. The search involved articles published between January 2013 to February 2023 published in the English language. Heterogeneity among the studies were checked via Cochran's Q χ² and the I2 test statistics. Data were collected using an Excel data collection sheet and summarized data in the sheet following the study protocol. The data were obtained only from reliable online sources following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Published peer-reviewed articles and grew literature were included in the study. The Excel data sheet was the primary tool for synthesis and enhancing the understanding of analyzing the data via thematic analysis. The RevMan V.5.4 was utilized in order to synthesize the data and search for the outcomes that are relevant to our study goals. The results revealed that majority of the articles describe the higher education challenges and mentioned the gap in higher education policies and regulations. Synthesis original articles focused on the lack of uniform policy, research facilities, lack of effective curricula guidelines, and lack of effort of internationalization of higher education while narrative documents reviews paper lack of qualified staff and quality of education, Poor infrastructure, standard education policy, universal education curriculum, and lack of accountability of education sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple policies have been formulated to promote the development of prefabricated building (PB). However, ineffective policies increase the financial burden of the governments and hinder PB development. This study aims to identify effective policies and develop a practical policy framework to encourage developers to implement PB. Text analysis is to identify the policies related to PBs from the numerous samples. A survey is to verify the effective policies and explore their effects on the developers' willingness to implement PBs. The findings suggest that the current policy system of PBs is complete but uneven, focusing on environmental policies. The most cost-effective tools are land limitations, tax incentives, and financial support. Besides, policies are interrelated in affecting developers' willingness to implement PBs. It provides a reference for policy evaluation in application scenarios, which expands the literature research on the policy. Meanwhile, it provides a guide for policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of policies and formulate practical policy frameworks to promote PB development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of Personalised Medicine (PM) into healthcare systems could benefit from a clearer understanding of the distinct national and regional frameworks around the world. Recent engagement by international regulators on maximising the use of real-world evidence (RWE) has highlighted the scope for improving the exploitation of the treasure-trove of health data that is currently largely neglected in many countries. The European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM) led an international study aimed at identifying the current status of conditions. A literature review examined how far such frameworks exist, with a view to identifying conducive factors – and crucial gaps. This extensive review of key factors across 22 countries and 5 regions revealed a wide variety of attitudes, approaches, provisions and conditions, and permitted the construction of a comprehensive overview of the current status of PM. Based on seven key pillars identified from the literature review and expert panels, the data was quantified, and on the basis of further analysis, an index was developed to allow comparison country by country and region by region. The results show that United States of America is leading according to overall outcome whereas Kenya scored the least in the overall outcome. Still, common approaches exist that could help accelerate take-up of opportunities even in the less prosperous parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for digital innovation scenarios, it is important to complement and improve the policy system for the governance of digital innovation activities. Combining the previous research results on the analysis of antecedent variables, basic effects and potential mechanisms of digital innovation, and based on the citation analysis of digital innovation topics based on the Citespace method, we find that in the past two decades, the topic of digital innovation policy research has gradually shifted from focusing on "constraining policies to control negative impacts" to focusing on "constructive policies to expand positive impacts". The digital transformation has brought about multidimensional and profound impacts on the governance of innovation activities, and it is necessary to accelerate the theoretical research on policy frameworks for the new areas of technology socialization effects. Summarizing some of the important progresses, we propose a policy framework covering three aspects: policy needs for sustainable transformation of digital innovation, policy orientation and policy dimensions for sustainable transformation of digital innovation, creating R&D opportunities, optimizing R&D organization, building ecological advantages, improving R&D governance, knowledge creation, enabling applications, collaborative promotion, standardizing management, national digital innovation system, digital innovation foundation, data governance capacity, digital security and other aspects of the conceptual framework of the basic policies for sustainable transformation of digital innovation. The research viewpoints and conclusions are of theoretical reference value for further research on key policy conditions for digital innovation, major policy impact effects and digital innovation governance mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate how a policy framework can be applied in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for the management of records at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa. A policy and legal framework enables the records divisions to protect, administer and make their records available in a safe and professional way. Policies play a crucial role in ensuring that records are properly managed. Design/methodology/approach: Convergent mixed-methods research was conducted, and data were collected using interviews and questionnaires. Data were analysed thematically and statistically and presented in tables and figures. Findings: The study reveals that the policy framework should also include the application of AI for the management of records. Therefore, this study further concludes that the CSIR should review their policy framework to ensure the application of AI for the management of records is accommodated. Originality/value: The study proposed a framework to guide the application of the policy framework in using AI for the management of records at CSIR. It is hoped that the proposed framework will serve as a guideline for the implementation of a policy framework in the utilisation of AI in the archives and records management sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education [MTB-MLE] policy in the Philippines is beset with numerous issues, and this adversely affects the quality of basic education provided across regions. To address this, this policy paper suggests reviewing the current MTBMLE policy through a more systematic policy reform mechanism that is participatory. This way, all concerned stakeholders in the Filipino education community contribute to the growth of the basic education instruction in the country by ensuring proper implementation of a mother tongue-based instruction policy. Anchored on the Rational Choice Theory (Becker, 1976), which believes on the following assumptions: individualism, optimality, structures, self-regarding interests, and rationality, this policy paper suggests a framework that the Department of Education can utilize in reviewing the existing policy and creating feasible decisions to improve the instruction in basic education. The proposal also drew inspiration from how the Bilingual Education Act of the United States of America became a promising legislation that has emphasized the importance of multicultural and multilingual classrooms in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM2.5 pollution management in China has entered a new stage: the rapid decline of the annual average PM2.5 concentration has slowed down or even stopped. Although the overall situation of PM2.5 exceedance nationwide has greatly improved, seasonal and re⁃ gional exceedances and heavy pollution are never absent. The marginal cost of long-term governance measures, which are centered on engineering measures for emission reduction and affordable adjustment of industrial and energy structures, is constantly increasing, while its efficiency decreases at the same time. Worse still, it performs poorly in heavily polluted weather. China is still at a critical stage of economic development and urbanization, and it is not technically feasible or cost-effective in the short term to reduce overall pollutant emissions to an allowable level determined by the ambient concentration of PM2.5 under heavily polluted meteorological condi⁃ tions. In this case, continued improvement and steady attainment of the PM2.5 standard required by public health and welfare can only be achieved through daily emission management. However, the current air pollution control policy system is relatively weak in terms of daily ambient air quality and pollutant emission control. Consequently, local governments lack incentives and practical guidance for im⁃ plementing refined air quality management. With the progress of big data technology and the improvement of information technology, the implementation of scientific and precise pollution control is becoming practical. The policy framework for air pollution management needs to be updated to meet the requirements for such management in the new era. At present, the key to the reform is to promote the transformation of air pollution control from extensive long-term management to refined daily management. Taking stationary source man⁃ agement as an example, based on some existing policies, this study proposes a new policy framework that takes both the demand for dai⁃ ly standards and long-term reduction targets of PM2.5 into account. The framework systematically includes a regional air quality assess⁃ ment system, an urban air quality planning system, a stationary source emission standard management system, and a stationary source emission permit system. Considering the daily air quality management objectives, policy efficiency, and potential for continuous im⁃ provement, this study proposes an optimized plan for each policy and establishes the cohesion relationship between policies for exerting policy synergy. There is no doubt that we should stress the accumulation and application of environmental data, summarize effective ex⁃ periences of emission control in daily management, and set up air quality management objectives and an emission control scheme ac⁃ cording to local conditions. Also, it is suggested that we increase the weight of indexes concerned with daily air quality in government performance appraisals with the purpose of encouraging local governments to consciously take measures for refined air quality manage⁃ ment. The results of the evaluation of urban air quality should be linked to the mandatory emission standards implemented in that city, and then promote continuous improvement of urban air quality through the revision of emission standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The background to this debate is now well-known: an EU policy decision to tighten controls on the devices and diagnostics sector led to the adoption of a regulation in 2017 with a schedule for implementation over coming years – a timetable extended still further by last-minute legislation in early 2022, to provide the sector and regulators with more time to adapt to the changes. Discussions among experts organised in April by the European Alliance for Personalized Medicine (EAPM) exposed continuing challenges that cannot be fully resolved by the recent deferral of implementation deadlines. One salient problem is that there is little awareness of the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR) across Europe, and only limited awareness of the different structures of national systems involved in implementing IVDR, with consequent risks for patient and consumer access to in vitro diagnostics (IVDs). The tentative conclusion from these consultations is that despite a will across the sector to seek workable solutions, the obstacles remain formidable, and the potential solutions so far proposed remain more a matter of aspirations than of clear pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) is a potentially relevant option to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The development of CCUS has so far been slow in spite of substantial plans for implementation for example by the European Union. Lack of societal support is among the reasons cited for this gap between ambitions and implementation. Against this background, this paper simultaneously looks into the policy framework as well as stakeholder perceptions of CCUS as indicators for societal support. The focus is on three regions in three different European countries (Ebro Basin, Spain; Paris Basin, France; Upper Silesia, Poland) and a potential implementation of CCUS in these regions. The empirical data this paper draws on consists of 40 stakeholder interviews on the regional and national level. Our analysis points to differences between the countries with France being most advanced. The main driver for the development of CCUS in all three countries is (local) economic benefit by preserving existing or creating new industries. Barriers include costs, potential environmental impacts, and to some extent lack of support from policymakers and the public. © 2022 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government's "dual carbon" commitment to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in September 2020 indicates that China will promote green economy transition and achieve high-quality growth in line with the New Development Concept. Definitely, both China's economic and financial development will undergo a paradigm shift. This paper reviews the evolution of global finance's role in supporting environmental governance, climate change and sustainable development, and proposes that the time has come to develop zero-carbon finance which should be closely aligned with the "net-zero emissions" requirement for achieving the global temperature target of the Paris Agreement. While the current policy frameworks for zero-carbon finance in major Western countries are useful references, they also have limitations. In order to build a Chinese-style zero-carbon financial system, China should integrate the experience of other countries and leverage both institutional advantages and green finance practices of own to the fullest extent possible. This paper goes into further detail about the concept of building a zero-carbon financial macro-management framework and a composite ecology of the zero-carbon financial market, and puts forward policy recommendations. The Chinese-style zero-carbon finance solution will also contribute to global carbon neutrality by enabling China to achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible and providing countries with China's solution as reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The broad spectrum of bioresource use makes it challenging to interconnect strategic objectives and policy planning documents without compromising a coherent development vision. Bioeconomy development directions have been defined at the EU and Latvian levels. Nevertheless, to facilitate their implementation, the goals must be consistent with those specified in relevant national policy planning documents and vice versa. To determine whether internationally defined bioeconomy objectives are implemented in Latvian policy planning documents and what priority is given to them, a mixed methods approach was used—a systematic literature review combined with a keyphrase assignment approach. The results are summarized in an illustrative screening matrix and aggregated using the TOPSIS method to identify in which policy planning documents bioeconomy objectives are prioritized and to what extent. The results have shown a high prioritization of bioeconomy objectives in Latvian policy planning documents, especially in hierarchically higher documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use land cover (LULC) modeling is considered as the best tool to comprehend and unravel the dynamics of future urban expansion. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of existing LULC modeling techniques and novel approaches used by the research community. Moreover, the review also compares each technique's applications, utility, drawbacks, and broader differences. The rationale behind such a comparison is to highlight the strengths/weakness of individual techniques. The review further highlights the utility of the hybridization of different techniques (e.g., machine learning model combined with statistical models) to LULC modeling to complement their strengths. Although significant progress has been made in LULC modeling, the review highlights the need to incorporate the policy framework into LULC modeling for better urban planning and management. The present review will help researchers and policymakers to achieve better land management practices and ultimately assist in achieving Sustainable Development Goal-15 (SDG-15) (i.e., life on land). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Digital technology has become an important driving force in the utilization of data production elements. To make full use of data resources, the underlying accompanying problem is rights management. In practice, the ownership and the right to use of data resource are separated in the circulation process. It has become an urgent problem to conduct data resource management activities based on reasonable and legal protection of users' rights. [Method/Process] Based on the general framework of "practical basis - abstract analysis - general concrete understanding", this paper firstly identified four practice statuses of distributed big data assets as followings: 1) the application of new technology leading to facilitating platforms; 2) attention needed to paid to intellectual properties of multiple users' groups; 3) users' needs to be satisfied on various contexts. For example, conducting resource procurement, collection, data processing and layout of resource allocation systems based on cloud service platforms; 4) maintainance and management of high quality data sets, including self-built and imported resources, the negotiation of ownership and use rights, and emphasis on the rights strategies. Next, this study conducted abstract analysis on the generalized idea of basic dimensions of data rights management from four aspects, namely, technical resource regulation, reasonable use boundary, complexity of rights, and analysis of use rights. [Results/Conclusions] Based on the abstract analysis, this paper put forward and explained four successive solutions at data resource management institute level, as described below. 1) the principle and terms of data policy, which include but not limited to general statement, policies of content use, policy statement on metadata, social media policies, and terms of service; 2) the typical contexts and content planning of rights potofolio. This paper took the resource procurement business of academic libraries as an example to illustrate and summarize the four content planning items on rights portfolio: strategic plan, operational policies, data policies, end-user policies; and 3) the allocation management of data assets, which lays the key part of data asset management. In this paper, we consider that data asset management refer to description and management of the constituent terms of data assets and the relationship between terms. The cost structure of data asset management contains tangible cost (such as consulting, software and hardware purchase fee, and digital resources purchase fee) and intangible cost (such as indirect human resource costs, risks, social credit, and loss compensation); and 4) finally, the establishment standard, working process, associated contrasts and regulations, and the evaluation measurements of data asset management businesses at the institute level. Such solutions are proposed to provide some inspirations to data resource management institutes (such as libraries) under the distributed big data circumstance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prefabricated buildings (PBs) are vigorously promoted for their many advantages. However, obvious regional differences exist in the development of PBs in China, and underdeveloped areas significantly lag behind other areas. Regional "tactics" have a more direct effect on the development of PBs than national "strategies". A targeted analysis of PB policies in underdeveloped areas in China is lacking in current research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct a comprehensive policy framework to help underdeveloped areas improve PB policies to develop PBs. In this study, we constructed a three-dimensional policy framework based on the content analysis method and policy instrument theory. Through a comparative analysis of 137 PB policies in three representative regions, 547 policy content codes were obtained, and reliability and validity tests were completed. The results indicate that (1) underdeveloped areas should focus on improving the number of policies rather than the accuracy in the early stages of development of PBs; (2) underdeveloped areas should focus on mandatory policy instruments (MPIs) supplemented by incentive policy instruments (IPIs) and social policy instruments (SPIs) rather than a balanced use of various policy instruments; and (3) underdeveloped areas should adjust the policy layout of the whole life cycle, and stakeholders should pay attention to the construction willingness of developers and the demands of consumers and seek policy support in the operation and maintenance stages, as well as during the demolition and recovery stages. In this study, we systematically analyzed the focus of PB policies for different stages and stakeholders and proposed an application strategy of policy instruments, contributing to the improvement of the PB policy system and the narrowing of regional development gaps with respect to PBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community Participation is fundamental for sustainable mangrove management which enhances environmental sustainability. This study analyses the setting of governance standards using policy frameworks. The study adopted a correlational research design and used a mixed methods approach. It shows awareness of policies supporting community participation in mangrove conservation was at 94.6%. The respondents who knew existing policies of the forest conservation and management act were at 27.80% closely followed by those with knowledge of local agreement with Kenya Forest Service at 25.40%, and those who practiced community/traditional by-laws at 21.80%. Notably, 18.40% of the respondents indicated knowledge of the national mangrove management plan while only 6.70% expressed awareness of the public participation law. Community participation is overly affected by gender perceptions in the education level, age, and knowledge of governance standards. The findings indicate 71% of women have not participated in setting governance standards as well as 69.20% of men. 81% of respondents disagree with the existence of county government policies in mangrove conservation. There is a lack of enough participation in setting governance standards towards the existing policy framework, affecting mangrove management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]