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When do political risks lead to divestment from a profitable market? Existing theories argue both that foreign investors may be sensitive to political tensions, but that they may only be sensitive to violent conflict. Using the crucial case of the US–China Trade War, we outline how political risks increased rates of exit among foreign firms while firm entrenchment mitigated these risks. Using a new dataset on all foreign-invested enterprises registered in China between 2017 and 2019, we implement triple interaction models to isolate the impact of increased political risks, investor national origin, and entrenchment on firm exit. Our findings show that heightened political risks during the trade war did increase firm exits by 34%–3% points over the pre-conflict baseline. Tariffs, the targeted effect of the trade war, increase US firm exits by 1% point. Firm exit is determined by the balance of heightened political risks against the availability of firm-level resources to mitigate these risks. These findings reconcile the conflicting expectations of the ‘business as usual’ and ‘follow the flag’ literatures about how firms respond to political risk, highlighting the tremendous collateral damage tariffs can cause in an age of global value chains.

Social capital is a concept in sociology that has applications across various human sciences, including economics, management, social sciences, and political sciences. It refers to relationships within and between groups. Social capital, or the spiritual dimension of a community, is a historical legacy that encourages individuals to "cooperate" and "participate" in social interactions, thereby enabling the community to overcome its challenges and progress toward growth and development in economic, political, cultural, and other domains. With the formation of the Islamic government under the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), the need to preserve Islamic capital and making informed decisions regarding it became particularly critical . Due to the fact that the enemies of Islam sought to undermine the government and reduce social capital by various soft and hard tactics, the Prophet (PBUH) implemented specific strategies. This article explores the actions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) aimed at maintaining and enhancing the social capital of the nascent society of Sadr Islam in the face of hard and soft social injuries, utilizing a descriptive-analytical method, with an interpretive approach and a phenomenological view of Social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management in the field of the Green Deal in the European Union (EU) has become a pivotal goal in recent years as the region continues to prioritise sustainability and combat climate change. The EU has established ambitious goals to transition towards a greener and more sustainable energy landscape. This transformation needs strategic management practices that encompass various aspects of the sector. The aim of this article is to analyse the correlation between the variables X – the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption and Y – CO2 emissions. The paper assumes that there is a correlation between the variables studied. The study did not confirm this hypothesis for all EU countries, but only for a selected group. Due to the variables analysed, the countries were grouped using the k-means method, which made it possible to identify the leaders, middle countries and marauders of the Green Transformation.

Abstract: Conventional anti‐corruption approaches focus on detecting and punishing the misuse of public office. These approaches are often ineffective in settings where social norms do not support reporting and punishing corruption. Attempting to build anti‐corruption norms, we conducted a field experiment in Uganda that offered elected, local leaders the chance to earn awards for overseeing development projects according to legal guidelines. We then conducted a second field experiment that informed other leaders and the public about the award winners. Offering leaders the chance to earn recognition did not improve the management of projects or change leaders’ norms about corruption. Informing other leaders and residents about the award winners also did not change behaviors or attitudes related to corruption. A paired ethnographic study shows that the possibility for recognition generated excitement but was not able to overcome resignation by local leaders. Our study provides some of the first experimental evidence about using awards to motivate public officials to act with integrity and to build anti‐corruption norms among both leaders and the public. The results imply that awards have limited effects for anti‐corruption in settings with endemic corruption and where they cannot be used instrumentally by awardees.

There is a growing awareness that the condition of the built environment has a substantial impact on health. Systematic housing conditions surveys are a method for developing information about the physical condition of housing. This paper introduces the Center for Economic Information's (CEI) Neighborhood Housing Conditions Survey (NHCS). We discuss the history and implementation of the NHCS in light of other academic and civic housing conditions surveys. The paper also reviews the history and method of the NHCS. We find that housing conditions surveys are generally designed from scratch for each new research program, translating survey results into policy remains underdeveloped in the scholarly literature, and heterogeneity between surveys reduces the ability to compare observations across space and time. The NHCS may address some of these issues, suitable as an "off the shelf" template, adjustable to suit programmatic needs, and providing a baseline consistency across space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the Islamic Republic, a unique variant of public opinion is observed, distinct from traditional models. While existing outside the realm of power relations, this form of public opinion lacks the connection to civil society commonly found in other contexts. Instead, it is defined by a collection of shared beliefs, attitudes, and viewpoints that are shaped independently of power dynamics, thus forming a unique, isolated public opinion within the Islamic Republic's sociopolitical landscape. The precarious state of civil society in Iran has led to it becoming a negligible factor in social and political equations and relations. Public opinion in Iran, rather than taking shape through the lens of civil society and aligning with government policies and decisions, functions as a force that is manipulated by adversaries and used as a tool to apply pressure against the Islamic Republic’s authority. Currently, the media plays a substantial role in influencing and steering public opinion. Many scholars and researchers in fields such as sociology, communication sciences, psychology, and others have posited that the media has the ability to shape its perceptions and interpretations of events to align with its preconceived biases. Consequently, media outlets often select data and scrutinize social phenomena based on these biases, and the information provided may not always accurately reflect reality but can be tainted with cultural, political, and social values and norms. Research question(s): The present research aimed at understanding the necessity of implementing social policies to manage and control Iranian public opinion. In the first stage, the study focused on identifying factors that contribute to the pessimistic outlook and confused mentality among Iranians. Subsequently, in the second stage, the research sought to analyze the meaningful relationships between causes and effects, with the objective of providing strategies in the domain of social policy. In accordance with these objectives, the research aimed to answer the following questions: What are the platforms that influence Iranian public opinion? What are the characteristics of Iranian public opinion? What strategies and tactics are implemented in the arena of managing and controlling Iranian public opinion? What capacities and constructive ideas can potentially impact Iranian public opinion? Literature Review: Given the profound and far-reaching changes and transformations experienced by human societies, the role of media, virtual space, and social networks in shaping such transformations is significant. Numerous thinkers have substantiated this assertion, as they argue that in the current era, the media serves as the primary force shaping public thoughts and minds. Disregard towards this phenomenon is considered impractical. Castells, for instance, posits that all identities are constructed, but the critical question at hand is how, from what sources, by whom, and for what purposes. Gerbner and his associates in the "cultivation theory" have attempted to address the impact of mass media, particularly television, on shaping public opinions and thoughts. Hall and J. Holley (2005) introduced the theory of "representation," which posits that in the contemporary context, mass media's audio-visual presentations have the most profound impact on shaping public culture, thoughts, and perceptions. According to this theory, mass media serve as instruments for representing the world to their audiences. The media, according to the theoretical framework of framing, does not solely function as a mirror that reflects events and the realities of the social and political world. Instead, they play a more active role in shaping social and political realities. Through their news reporting, the media influence how people perceive and understand the world around them, essentially constructing those realities. McCombs and Reynolds (2009) propose the theory of "highlighting," asserting that in the context of modern times, the media wield significant influence as a powerful factor. According to this theory, media communications and platforms play a pivotal role in the discursive processes of highlighting and marginalization. Moreover, the media are regarded as a foundational power factor in a global system that is constantly undergoing change. Methodology: This study is a descriptive-analytical research project conducted in accordance with the qualitative methodological approach, grounded in contextual theorization. It utilizes semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection technique and employs purposeful theoretical sampling to identify participants who can provide insights related to the research questions. Theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting interviews with 16 academics and experts in the fields of social sciences and communication sciences from various universities in Tehran (Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, and Khwarazmi). The interviewees comprised 13 men and 3 women, with ages ranging from 42 to 70 years. Result: Based on analysis conducted using MAXQDA software, 52 distinct concepts were identified during the initial open coding stage. These were subsequently grouped into 15 core categories during the axial coding phase. These categories can be further organized into three broader forms: platforms that shape the state of Iranian public opinion, characteristics of Iranian public opinion, and strategies and tactics employed in policy-making and public opinion management. The influence of the following platforms on Iranian public opinion is evident: a general sentiment of disappointment, a prevailing negativity, diminishing trust in official media spaces, and a decrease in their overall favorability. Several characteristics are evident in such a thought process: there is an increase in the tendency towards activism and direct action, a heightened influence of public opinion on government decisionmaking, a growing dissatisfaction and expression of demands shaped by virtual spaces and social media platforms, a stronger focus on political issues and concerns for security among the populace, and an increasing interest in adopting global values and norms, along with a strong influence wielded by unofficial media sources in opposition to civil society and official media channels. There is also a desire to form new social movements, particularly through acts of civil disobedience and other forms of influence. As a means of controlling public opinion, the researcher emphasized looking towards weaker and less developed neighboring countries as a cautionary tale. To manipulate public opinion in line with policy objectives, the researcher proposed strategies and tactics such as cover action, coordinated action (shaping aligned narratives), and media action. These tactics are aimed at influencing public opinion to align with policy goals and public opinion management. Discussion: In this study, the primary objectives were twofold: to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the pessimistic outlook and confusing mindset of Iranians, and to examine the meaningful relationships between causes and effects by introducing social policy measures. It is worth noting that despite the numerous and persistent crises faced since the establishment of the Islamic Republic system, Iranian society has consistently demonstrated resilience and cooperation with the system. However, challenges and threats have emerged within society, creating wounds and uncertainties. It appears that factors such as a decrease in public trust (regarding structures, authorities, organizations, and institutions), heightened frustration and pessimism about the possibility of large-scale reform, the continued proliferation of negative news, and an escalating growth in demands that are difficult to meet in the short term are exacerbating the situation. Class divisions, continuous revelations against leaders and executive officials, an increase in the propensity for protests and a trend towards violence in these protests, the growth of political polarization, the focus of satellite and social media networks in directing public opinion, the establishment of an identity of resistance through cultural and social focus, a changing lifestyle and a rise in family breakdowns, a focus on celebrities and decreasing significance of former reference groups, and heightened external pressures have contributed to a sense of abandonment in Iran's public opinion, resulting in negative representations. When considering the nature and context of Iranian society in terms of its social, political, economic, and cultural aspects, it may be beneficial to categorize the primary and significant strategies for shaping Iranian public opinion in a positive, constructive, and hopeful direction into the following three broad categories: Several techniques have been utilized to shape public opinion: representation, framing, highlighting, and planting, which are based on the extensive use of virtual spaces and social networks. Moreover, strategies such as forming a think tank, analyzing positive narratives, and employing media actions were identified as potentially effective approaches in the realm of policymaking and public opinion management within the Iranian context. In response to the influence of the information and satellite space, public opinion might be steered in a different direction compared to that preferred by the government. It is worth noting that it is challenging to quickly overcome the enemy's soft and cognitive warfare, as this influence leverages the vast reach of virtual spaces, social networks, and satellite channels. The enemy not only seeks to impose a new lifestyle among Iranians but also employs various tactics and imagery to direct public opinion towards confrontational and oppositional stances against the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic generated an unprecedented global crisis with long-lasting consequences. In this study, I examine the bi-directional nexus between public trust and the management of the pandemic in Nigeria. I argue that there is a relationship between government management of public policies and the level of public trust. The research draws on the Theory of Trust, in-depth interviews (IDI), and focus group discussions (FGD) and is supported by other secondary sources. I found that the main reason for citizens’ resistance to major policies introduced to contain the spread of the pandemic was due to an entrenched lack of trust in the government, its agencies, and officials. The findings also indicate that a lack of transparency and accountability in the management of the pandemic deepened the already fractured public trust. This was particularly visible in the shrouded pattern of disbursing cash transfers, allegations of corruption against the managers of the pandemic, and evidence of concealed palliatives meant to cushion the negative economic effects of the pandemic. The article recommends that the government needs to promote public trust by adopting an open governance approach that institutionalises transparency and accountability, fosters constant and consistent citizen engagement on government policies and programmes, strengthens critical agencies, and engenders a sense of belonging for all citizens.

Due to the accelerating likelihood of environmental catastrophes which have negative impacts on levels of investment and economic development, particularly along coastal regions and in agricultural sectors, the cost of living is expected to significantly rise throughout the coming decades. In order to make appropriate decisions and implement sensible policy, it is necessary to evaluate the expenses associated with potential natural disasters. The evaluation process will employ national development programs and models for estimating financial losses associated with disasters that have previously been established within the Sendai Framework 2030. Environmental disasters have disproportionate effects on wellbeing and economic opportunities for the people of Azerbaijan. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preemptive protocols to mitigate the negative effects of future disasters. A multidimensional approach is needed when managing potential consequences, especially during the post-conflict reconstruction and rehabilitation period in the country. Therefore, in this paper, Azerbaijan’s risk profile, procedures for creating a national disaster risk reduction program, and the realization of adaptive actions are discussed.

This study investigates the pivotal role of police leadership in mitigating cultural diversity gaps within the Luhonono Police Station, utilizing an exploratory qualitative approach. The study's sample comprises four police leaders with station experience and five non-management police officers. Data collection involves individual semi-structured interviews, recorded to aid data interpretation, with thematic analysis employed for data analysis. The findings underscore the significance of effective police leadership in improving relationships, minimizing turnover, ensuring fairness in decision-making, enhancing performance, and motivating the police force. The study recommends that the selection of police leaders should prioritize their commitment to embracing cultural diversity. Furthermore, it advocates for the development of policies supporting cultural diversity, provision of training, and promotion of awareness among the team to foster an inclusive and respectful workplace. The study argues that, although police leaders play a pivotal role in addressing cultural diversity, their effectiveness is impeded without standardized institutional policies or strategies to manage such issues.

The purpose of this research is to present a model to explain the ways to reduce gender inequality in Iran's sports management. Philosophically, this research is interpretationist and from the point of view of inductive approach. In terms of strategy, this study is a data base theory type and a qualitative research type. The data was obtained through interviews, and the statistical community consists of 15 experts in the field of sports management. The snowball method was used for sampling and the sampling continued until the theoretical saturation limit was reached. To collect information, a semi-structured interview was used, and in order to analyze the data, three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding and theoretical coding were used. By considering the text of all the interviews in the open coding stage, 303 concepts were identified, and after combining similar codes, 23 concepts were obtained. Then, in the axial coding phase, ten main categories were determined. The results showed that the selection criteria for management positions in sports organizations are not fair due to cultural and individual reasons. It is suggested that the selection criteria be such that both hierarchy is considered and starting from the middle level; As a result, the laws should be adjusted in such a way that the presence of women in social and cultural fields, including sports activities, becomes more prominent and the selection of women is based on meritocracy and specialization.

Do international reputational concerns constrain governments' economic policy choices? We assess this question by analyzing emerging market decisions to tighten restrictions on capital outflows. While policymakers should be more likely to tighten restrictions to protect their economies as capital flow volatility (CFV) increases, investors view outflow controls as heterodox policies that violate investment contracts. We argue that the effect of CFV on outflow controls depends on the use of controls in peer markets. When peers are open, governments anticipate that controls will come at a high cost to their market reputations as heterodox measures send a negative signal to investors among a crowd of liberal peers. Conversely, when peers are closed, using controls should do less damage to an economy's reputation. For 25 emerging markets from 1995-2015, we show that CFV is associated with outflow controls, but only when market peers are already closed, suggesting reputational concerns can limit policy autonomy.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11558-021-09433-1.

Scholars and practitioners have, for many decades, sought to address management issues related to public sector policies. This study examines the academic research on this sector focused on these topics by conducting an automated computer analysis of 17,928 documents indexed in Scopus and published between 1950 and 2021. Six clusters were identified within this literature: economic growth during crises, reforms for the future, human relations, successful practices, partnerships and public banking services. This study thus systematises the lessons learned over the past decades, thereby contributing to governments’ ability to design public policies to meet future challenges and providing tools for dealing with the current coronavirus disease-19 pandemic.

The policy on waste management in Gresik Regency is not implemented in Bawean Island, which is part of the Gresik Regency area. The absence of Temporary Processing Sites (TPS) and Final Processing Sites (TPA) has made the waste problem more widespread which has an impact on people's lives on Bawean Island. The purpose of this research is to find out the problems in waste management on Bawean Island. Qualitative research methods were used to explore the problems of waste management policy on Bawean Island through interviews, observation, and also documentation at the Gresik Regency Environmental Service and Community Leaders on Bawean Island by selecting subjects using purposive sampling. The results of the study found that the non-implementation of policies regarding waste management in Gresik Regency on Bawean Island was due to budget being the main problem for implementing waste management policies on Bawean Island. Then the government's lack of readiness in managing waste on Bawean Island, such as the lack of a Detailed Engineering Design (DED) concept, facilities and infrastructure in waste management, and outreach to the people of Bawean Island.

The study considers disaster as a social phenomenon that affects individuals, communities, and societies. It focuses on a specific technological catastrophe—a train explosion in the village of Hitrino in Shumen region, Bulgaria, that killed seven, left 23 injured, and demolished 23 houses. The article describes and analyses the local community’s reactions based on fieldwork, i.e. ethnographic and sociological surveys conducted in 2018 to 2019. Attention is paid to the behaviour, management, and methods of coping with the short-term and long-term consequences of the disaster on individual, group, and institutional levels, as well as to the changes in social and ethnic relations. Hitrino is defined as a community in crisis in relation to the degree of its ability to develop a local strategy in advance, and due to the experience it accumulated. The study shows that disaster recovery strategies must include work with local communities which play a key role in reducing the negative impact of catastrophe.

Esta investigación, en primer lugar, pretende sacar a la luz el rol preponderante que tuvo el Foro Económico Mundial, a fines de los años 70, en la difusión global del concepto de “competitividad”. Al mismo tiempo, exhibir que desde un principio, para el Foro Económico Mundial, la premisa de “productividad” sienta las bases para dar lugar a un pensamiento reflexivo, managerial y económico, que se centra en el aventajamiento de los competidores. Es decir, con esto se busca pensar a las históricas ideas de productividad y “crecimiento empresarial”, de corte cuantitativas, como el punto de inicio de la competitividad. A raíz de esto, en segundo lugar, se explicará que, particularmente desde los años 80, el acento puesto en el crecimiento se vió complejizado desde el campo del management estratégico en términos de un “fortalecimiento competitivo”. El fortalecimiento propio de la competitividad incluirá dimensiones cualitativas y una visión integral estratégica para pensar ofensiva y defensivamente no solo gestión de las empresas, sino también y como consecuencia de esto, la economía de los países. Así, esta investigación problematiza sociológicamente la noción contemporánea de “competitividad” y lo hace tras poner de relieve los actores, los discursos y las reconfiguraciones centrales del concepto en su desenvolvimiento histórico.

This study aims to demonstrate how international literature has addressed the use of social technologies in the cultivation and management of medicinal plants over the last fifteen years. The methodological procedures involve exploratory and bibliographic research, with a systematic review of the literature on the Web of Science (WoS) platform as the primary source and SciELO as the secondary source, taking a qualitative approach of a simple or basic research nature, bringing together a rich collection of international scientific journals available online and free of charge, published during the period 2006 to 2021. The results of the studies showed that medicinal plants promote in a specific and consistent manner with regional and agroecological conditions the permanence of rural producers in the field. However, as there is a need for permanence and continuity of activities, it is increasingly important that social technologies are present to raise awareness of the relevance of technocratic solutions. The studies had different approaches in each region, finding convergences and divergences in the way of coexisting with and managing medicinal herbs. The techniques and handling strongly involve environmental, social, cultural, and political issues, which lack the dissemination of information, among other gaps observed in research, for better exploitation that is beneficial to society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complaint management is vital for hospitals as patient complaints can be used to advance the quality of health services provided. Aims: This study analyzed patient complaint management at an X government hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods: The research used a descriptive-qualitative method and phenomenology, which was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. It involved the head of the legal and public relations department, the head of the public relations sub-division, two staff of the legal and public relations department, two officers to outpatient and inpatient units, and two patients. This study used purposive sampling to select the samples. Data analysis referred to was from the concept of Miles and Huberman, which consists of data reduction, display, and verification. The accuracy of all data was checked using a triangulation method. Results: The hospital followed the patient complaint management procedures. Providing complaint reporting platforms is required to lodge patient complaints to the hospital. Moreover, the suggestion box should be managed properly, and thus the complaints on the box can be managed promptly. Conclusion: Overall, patient complaint management at the hospital has been carried out well and followed the standard operating procedures (SOP).

This article is devoted to the theoretical problems of regional development in the conditions of post COVID-19 management. The text mphasizes the fundamental nature of regional development as a new scientific field, which has its own accumulation of knowledge, based on social sciences and natural sciences. The article focuses on problems with clarifying the place of regional development in post-crisis management. It is accepted that regional development has an important role in managing territorial problems and achieving a pulling development of individual spatial areas. In this direction, the very functional role of regional development brings to the fore the need for targeted measures and policies of a socio-economic nature. Some aspects of the regional development of scientific research are also presented. Emphasis is placed on the connections of regional development with other scientific directions and its role for effective geo-urban development, local self-government and local communities.

The article discusses the digital library at the University of Tehran; a cross-departmental collaboration for successful DDA and EBA management; Alma collections as a promotional tool for government documents; electronic resource promotion; and migration from one Integrated Library System to another.

The article considers the modern concept of the public administration model. To solve the tasks in the article the following research methods are used: analysis and synthesis, system approach, systematization and generalization. The theoretical and methodological basis of this research are the works of domestic and foreign authors. Measures to improve public governance are proposed. The main objectives of further research in the field of "new" concept of public administration is to improve the processes of systematization of work and create a mechanism for future use. The article presents the development of the discipline "public administration" as an integral part of political science, highlights the methodological and political issues that determined its evolution, interdisciplinary features and regulatory framework of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article points out that, first of all, based on the theoretical analysis of national strategic development and management, it can be judged that the corruption governance of China has promoted reforms, strengthened the party's capacity for governance and authority, and promoted to achieve the Chinese nation's bright prospect on the road to revival. At the same time, it inevitably restricts the work motivation of some cadres to a certain extent. Secondly, the individualization of interests is a deep-seated law of the lack of work motivation of many cadres, and it is also the cause of the deterioration of the political ecology, reflecting the lack of political ideology. Third, solving the problems of the incompleteness of the ultimate goal of national development and the confusion of visions is the key to creating a political ecology of politically pure. The interpretation of political theory that advances with the times is the prerequisite for radically eliminating ideological ambiguities and the legality of governance. Finally, Mao Zedong Thought is a complete set of methodology that meets the requirements of the philosophy of science. When applied, theoretical innovation can be carried out, so as to continue the sinicization of Marxism, and to come up with countermeasures and suggestions for radically eliminating the problem of dynamism and political ecological deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative, bibliographical and documentary article aims to analyze the elements intertwined with neoliberalism that can impact the management of the internationalization process and university management in graduate courses, in the light of the National Graduate Plan (2011 -2020) and its analysis report. For the university and Post-graduation management, the challenges are deeper when they become evaluative requirements which cause visibility and the attractiveness of the programs and the IES; the academic mobility, the production of knowledge and its publications; the conception of institutional policies linked to national and international policies; the resumes; the insertion of knowledge and financing for internationalization development. Facing so many challenges, finding ways to overcome them also a role of university management.

Our research in progress is aimed at discovering how sustainable development and reverse logistics appear in the practice of companies in Hungary. Our goal is to develop an analysis framework and test it on a Hungarian sample that examines the relationship between the elements of the reverse logistics system and logistics practices. This was tested on the available sample. In the course of observing the supply chains, we intend to focus on trends of sustainable development, with an outlook on the international practice. We pay special attention to the reverse logistics aspects of company practice, presenting the logistical processes according to the environmental challenges. The background of our analyses consists of processing the literature and conducting primer assessment.

The text deals with Management of Municipal Systems of Education, Secondary Education and training in the Pará Amazon in the context of the federative pact. Aims to discuss the category autonomy in the collaboration regime as the basis of the National Education System to the formulation of public policies. Through bibliographic and documentary research, we focused on the federative relationship to effectively manage public high school policies in the face of controversies and various problems that permeate the formation. We consider that the configuration of the municipal federated entity corroborates the urgency of the proper articulation in the SNE that needs to pursue a collective stance of resistance in the course of policies, expressed by regulations that subject the teacher to the fulfillment of requirements that support the capitalist system.

Abstract This paper challenges the solely rational view of the scenario technique as a strategy and foresight tool designed to cope with uncertainty by considering multiple possible future states. The paper employs an affordance-based view that allows for the identification and structuring of hidden, emergent attributes of the scenario technique beyond the intended ones. The suggested framework distinguishes between affordances (1) that are intended by the organization and relate to its goals, (2) that emergently generate organizational benefits, and (3) that do not relate to organizational but individual interests. Also, constraints in the use of scenarios are discussed. Affordance theory’s specific lens shows that the emergence of such attributes depends on the users’ specific intentions.

Over the past 15 years, researchers and practitioners have explored the connections between business practices and peace. In this paper, we explore how research from other disciplines can inform our understanding of business practices and peace. One result would be guidance that is less general and more applicable to areas experiencing conflict than those currently supported by the business and peace literature. Based on literature reviews in political science, economics, and peace and conflict studies, we find support for an alternative conceptualization to the conflict/post-conflict classification that we term the "buffer" condition. We suggest that existing research supports the proposition that the private sector is the most effective actor in promoting peace in areas experiencing the buffer condition. And we encourage researchers to investigate the most effective ways for business to promote peace under such a condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collection and distribution are two main activities in the zakat agency. The good management of zakat collection and its distribution makes zakat reach its main goal, that is muslim welfare. The research had the purpose of describing the managerial steps of zakat collection and its distribution taken by National Zakat Agency of regency/city in the province of West Sumatera in Indonesia. It uses qualitative research approach and case study method with non-structured interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The research results indicate that the management model of zakat collection and its distribution is by using steps of POSCAC which cover the application of planning (P), organizing (O), staffing (S), coordinating (C), actuating (A), and controlling (C). The principles of POSCAC has been applied by National Zakat Agencies of regency/city in the province of West Sumatera, Indonesia, in zakat collection and its distribution.

The importance and social role of the management in marketing system of our global world are huge. Management has the function of the influence on whole system in important scope of economics. In common, the management function in any activity procedure is implemented by the managers. The managers are driving force of the management. The managers directly influence on the formation of the culture and the society, which is social system, by their considered, purposeful activity and opportunities. The publishing is whole system and profitable business scope. There are typical characteristics of all the business types in the publishing scope of modern period. As well, the publishing is considered as the service for the society in common, because the publishers, carrying out the activity in the publishing scope, publish the books, which are used in the education scope and are able to change public and social points of view of people. That’s why the society wants the publishers to work not for their shareholders, but especially in favor of the society. At present, there is the problem in the publishing market. The problem is that the publishers justify everything to sell the products manufactured by them, with the revenue motives. We must take into the consideration, that there are different publishing standards. Thus, there are so clear-sighted publishers, who, besides the revenue during the publishing of the book, take into the consideration the role of the book in the society and seek the publishing of books with the titles corresponding to high standards in the scope of science, education, training, literature, as well the titles which will be accepted by the readers. Such publishers are clear-sighted in their work. They are the citizens, who think about their motherland and people, their future. As we know, business scope is difficult system. Each businessman building his/her business activity, has the purpose of getting the revenue. Moreover, the revenue size in business is depending on businessman and his/her abilities. As we know, the publishing scope is the business too.

Peasants in Plandirejo Village who live along the Bengawan Solo River use river water for agriculture. To distribute river water to agricultural land use the pump. It needs to be managed together so that it can be used properly. RBUMDES Mursapa as an institution that has succeeded in managing agriculture in Plandirejo Village. The role of social capital as one of the factors causing success in managing agriculture. Social capital is a network of elements of stakeholders involved in achieving the same goals. Therefore, qualitative research was conducted from June 2016 to July 2017 by collecting data through observation, interviews and FGD (Focus Discussion Group) with stakeholders managing agriculture. The purpose of the study is to describe social capital in irrigation management and its consideration of the sustainability of agricultural activities in the village. The results of this study are: a) social capital has an important role to succeed in managing agriculture; and b) agricultural development planning between the sustainability of agriculture and the development of communities in the village such as agricultural production which is quite high, in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, and provides support for national agricultural improvement programs. The impacts of the success of RBUMDES Mursapa include: a) contributes to rural development and accommodates the activities of village government; b) to mobilize rural farming activities; c) open up employment for male and female.

"Modern slavery," a term used to describe severe forms of labor exploitation, is beginning to spark growing interest within business and society research. As a novel phenomenon, it offers potential for innovative theoretical and empirical pathways to a range of business and management research questions. And yet, development into what we might call a "field" of modern slavery research in business and management remains significantly, and disappointingly, underdeveloped. To explore this, we elaborate on the developments to date, the potential drawbacks, and the possible future deviations that might evolve within six subdisciplinary areas of business and management. We also examine the value that nonmanagement disciplines can bring to research on modern slavery and business, examining the connections, critiques, and catalysts evident in research from political science, law, and history. These, we suggest, offer significant potential for building toward a more substantial subfield of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]