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The Environmental Education Strategy of the Community of Madrid has been approved with the aim of raising awareness among citizens about sustainability and the environment. This strategy seeks to promote environmental education in various areas, from schools to the community, with the goal of encouraging citizen participation in protecting the environment and adopting responsible behaviors towards the environment. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Pensamiento Americano is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Americana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: El artículo propone una lectura del conservadurismo cristiano basado en dos fundamentos teóricos: la teología cristiana y el liberalismo clásico. Objetivo: se propone un tratado de principios conservadores cristianos que provienen de una revisión analíticohistórica de los casos de estudios, y del uso argumentativo de las raíces filosóficas políticas y económicas. Reflexión: el pensamiento conservador cristiano propone tres ideas claras: (i) el Imago Dei, como base para los derechos humanos, entre los más importantes están la vida, la libertad y la propiedad privada; (ii) la depravación del ser humano y la negación del buen salvaje, lo que constituye la raíz para la construcción de sistemas de controles en los modelos políticos democráticos; (iii) el comercio justo, propuesto no como la redistribución de los ingresos o los recursos, sino compuesto por el esfuerzo y la responsabilidad. Conclusiones: las tres ideas, a decir: los derechos humanos, sistemas políticos con contrapesos, y el comercio justo, son transversales a la construcción histórica de Occidente moderno, y son transversales a las democracias liberales.

Este trabajo realiza una revisión crítica de la influencia de la doctrina de Francisco Suárez acerca del dominio sobre la teoría de la propiedad privada en John Locke. A fin de explicitar las claves del pensamiento del jesuita, se pone de manifiesto su esencial continuidad con la tradición escolástica y con los fundamentos de su reflexión económica, para a continuación mostrar hasta qué punto Locke realiza una utilización parcial y sesgada de la obra de Suárez. De ahí se concluye que, pese a las coincidencias incidentales señaladas en recientes estudios, sendos autores conciben la propiedad privada de manera esencialmente antitética y responden a un proyecto distinto de modernidad.

El estudio del estatus jurídico de algunos territorios de Estados Unidos de América, en específico las islas (no incorporadas/organizadas y no incorporadas/no organizadas, según la terminología política estadounidense), permite entender ciertas cuestiones filosófico-jurídicas, entre ellas los límites de la soberanía, la naturaleza de la propiedad privada o la idea de «tierra de nadie» (terra nullius), así como las ponderaciones que la primera potencia mundial realiza entre sus intereses y los principios del Derecho internacional público. La taxonomía de este artículo, además, plantea la eventual existencia de un «Derecho imperial», entendido como conjunto de reglas de Derecho público que clasifican y jerarquizan territorios. De este modo, se superan interpretaciones economicistas que equiparan «imperialismo» e «imperio» y se pone en relación el ámbito jurídico con campos como el político, el militar o el geoestratégico.

La sentencia dictada por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el Caso Pueblos Indígenas Maya Kaqchikel de Sumpango y Otros vs. Guatemala establece que para “democratizar” los medios de comunicación social se hace necesario separar “el respeto del derecho a la libertad de expresión y de pensamiento al acatamiento del derecho de propiedad o patrimonial sobre los medios de comunicación”. Sea lo que signifique esto, la separación de esos derechos no parece acertada para los efectos de promover el pluralismo informativo. Ni tampoco da cuenta de un enfoque adecuado sobre la naturaleza del derecho a la propiedad privada. La distribución de la propiedad sobre las concesiones u otras autorizaciones sobre servicios de radiodifusión sonora constituye una cuestión esencial para cumplir este objetivo. La propiedad privada debe ser pensada como un derecho que forma parte de la organización de una sociedad democrática, y no como un derecho divorciado de las justas exigencias del bien común.

This article is based on empirical evidence about Mexico City, exploring the spatial distribution of illegal property transfer complaints made by the population to government agencies. It describes the role violence plays in forced property transfers in Mexico City, both nationally and locally. It also provides evidence for discussing the normative and material conditions that facilitate or limit criminal justice system participation in resolving these sorts of property-based conflicts. The author shows that forced property transfers are often concentrated in certain neighborhoods, mainly in the center of the city, an area disputed because of its historic value and urban facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an approach to the study of private property in contemporary China from the point of view of governmentality (Foucault). Based on a brief reconstruction of the main legal and political events that gave greater prominence to private property, the paper analyses some characteristics of this right within the framework of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) art of government. The analysis shows, taking up the contributions of governmentality, that the recognition of private property not only responds to measures of economic liberalisation, but also to a government practice that seeks, by indirect means, to strengthen the State and the Party. The paper is organised in three parts. The first part reconstructs the main legal and political measures that led the CCP to legally recognise private property in 2007. The second part provides a brief analysis of private property and Chinese socialism, introducing Michel Foucault’s genealogy of neoliberalism. The last part highlights the contributions of the notion of governmentality to the analysis of private property in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teoría & Derecho. Revista de Pensamiento Jurídico is the property of Editorial Tirant Lo Blanch SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, I analyze Hegel's interpretation of Plato's political philosophy (specially the Republic) in certain passages of two specific works: Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts and Die Vorlesungen über Platon. I consider two axes of analysis: private property and subjective freedom. The main goal of the paper is to describe the relationship that Hegel establishes with Plato, or at least with the Republic. I show that this dialogue presents nuances with respect to the two axes mentioned and that these nuances imply differences of analysis regarding the Hegelian reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atentos a la difusión continental del influyente economista y ahora presidente de la Nación Argentina, Javier Milei, considerando su impacto entre las filas de cientos de grupos –católicos, organizaciones provida, sectores anticomunistas, etc.–, y especialmente en atención a sus palabras sobre la compraventa de niños y de órganos, entre otros tantos tópicos, conviene analizar con detenimiento esas declaraciones y el fundamento del cual parecen provenir. Asimismo, se abordará tangencialmente otros temas (debates, entrevistas, declaraciones), no sólo de Milei, sino de otras personas, que confluyen en iluminar estos puntos. Dos son los objetivos de este trabajo: 1) determinar si estas propuestas son coherentes con el liberalismo, piedra angular de la prédica de Javier Milei; y 2) mostrar la incompatibilidad entre las ideas del liberalismo y las enseñanzas católicas. La metodología consiste en una revisión bibliográfica de libros, escritos académicos, publicaciones oficiales y publicaciones periodísticas relacionadas con el liberalismo, el catolicismo y con el propio Javier Milei, entre fuentes primarias y secundarias. La conclusión fundamental, luego de analizar los fundamentos y las implicancias de dicha ideología, es que hay una gran cantidad de puntos incompatibles entre ella y las enseñanzas de la fe católica.

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Derecho Privado y Constitución is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En 2016, en medio de resistencias, se aprobó la denominada Ley de Plusvalía, cuyo objetivo era combatir la especulación inmobiliaria y distribuir la riqueza. Los detractores de la ley argumentaron que esta afectaba al sector inmobiliario y era expropiatoria del patrimonio familiar. En 2018, en el cambio de dirección ideológica del gobierno, la ley es derogada junto con otras reformas mediante consulta popular. Si bien los argumentos de los detractores motivaron su resistencia, la derogatoria no responde esencialmente al favorecimiento de los intereses de élites económicas e inmobiliarias, sino que cumple su papel en la iniciativa por enterrar un proyecto político-económico. En este sentido, el artículo analiza los eventos sociales y económicos que configuraron la coyuntura para su aprobación y derogación, así como la capacidad que tiene la propiedad privada de apropiarse de las masas en el ejercicio parlamentario y desencadenar procesos políticos.* * Este trabajo forma parte de la investigación Captura de plusvalía en Ecuador: un instrumento regulador de la especulación inmobiliaria y efectos en el sector de la construcción y la recaudación fiscal (2021), llevada a cabo en la Universitat de Barcelona, en la que se analiza de forma cuantitativa el efecto de la Ley de Plusvalía sobre el desempeño del sector de la construcción, el mercado de los bienes inmuebles y el impacto sobre la recaudación fiscal municipal.

In this paper is proposed to dismantle part of the complexity of the problem of private property in Rousseau in the following way: a) it is a concept that obeys very precise circumstances in the context of the Genevan philosopher, the decay of the feudal world and the advance of the market economy, the evolution of capitalism; b) it is a concept that in the body of his work he thinks and reflects on it as a new reality c) for this concept Rousseau draws on the discussions raised with physiocrats (economists), jurists (jusnatrualist) and both liberal and republican philosophers who due to that they did not conceive their discipline as a science isolated from the others, but that each one kept elements of the others despite its emerging specificity d) In unison with its context, Rousseau proposes to think of property from a political philosophy that integrates four sides, which political, moral, legal and economic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the origins and fundamentals of territorial development theories. After a brief presentation, we criticize the theory from the relation between the property regimen and the character of governmental institution. Not only, as the theory purpose itself as to defend local culture, this work shows the relation between objectivity a subjectivity of a human being and how the problem appears on the theory. Not only, the paper has developed a path to a new comprehension of geography indication where the focus is public control over property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociohistórica: Cuadernos del CISH is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo analiza los primeros siete años de gestión de la Agencia Nacional de Tierras en la implementación del deslinde, como se conoce al procedimiento agrario que busca delimitar las tierras que son propiedad de la nación, como las ciénagas y los playones. Tras revisar su escasa ejecución en el sur del departamento de Bolívar, este trabajo sostiene que para el año 2022, las reformas introducidas con ocasión del Acuerdo de Paz negociado entre el Estado colombiano y la guerrilla de las FARC no habían dinamizado los deslindes. Por el contrario, la revisión de comunicaciones, actas y expedientes oficiales, evidencia que continúan problemas endémicos de la autoridad agraria, como son la falta de capacidad institucional y la escasa coordinación interinstitucional.

Copyright of Revista Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las ciudades no solo están habitadas por humanos. En ellas ha existido siempre una colaboración o pugna entre la naturaleza humana y la animal, manifiesta en la continua deriva entre dos tipos de espacio urbano: uno, el espacio planificado de la urbe, estriado por el axioma organicista de la funcionalidad y la mercantilización. El otro, es un espacio liso, espontáneo y desorganizado, producido por el desarrollo autónomo de la vida animal. Al hilo de la actual crisis ecológica se intuye a la ciudad funcional como agente del desplazamiento y obliteración de la vida animal. Más allá de lo que supone la expansión predatoria y apropiadora de la ciudad hacia el ámbito rural, la práctica del planeamiento parece carecer de claves, herramientas y tecnologías para dar cabida a formas de habitar cooperativas entre el ser humano y los animales. El siguiente artículo propone la reivindicación de una nueva Ecosofía Urbana, es decir, de un nuevo paradigma de integración biofílica de la vida urbana, que sea capaz de efectuar una desegregación física y ontológica entre la naturaleza humana y no humana en las ciudades. Se buscará la raíz de esta segregación en el proyecto de consolidación de las clases medias tras la guerra mundial y donde la obra brutalista de F. Pouillon (1912-1986) en Marsella (1949) es pionera. Partiéndose de la premisa de un necesario de-splinttering del urbanismo post-pandémico y postrero a la crisis de las clases medias en general (que contempla una crisis en la centralidad de la propiedad privada para la continuidad de clase) y a través del texto de Felix Guattari Las Tres Ecologías (1989), se abogará por un nuevo modelo de diseño urbano de reconciliación entre lo humano y lo animal.

The morphological, social, and legal particularities that high-rise residential buildings present require certain collective organizational practices that are necessary for building management and maintenance. This condition reflects tensions and conflicts that eventually lead to an accelerated deterioration and abandonment of the built environment. Sometimes, these conditions manifest themselves in critical episodes, such as the total or partial loss of residential assets triggered by unexpected events, such as the 2017 earthquake in Mexico City. In this sense, this article intends to analyze the practices and social dynamics that hinder the collective appropriation of goods and common domain spaces in the residential environment. The methodological strategy is based on a retrospective analysis of the problem of the appropriation and management of space based on interviews with residents of the Morelos Residential Center (Mexico City). It is concluded that the difficulties expressed in relation to collective organization obey the logic that the neoliberal project has strengthened in the housing field, which, through the hegemony of the tenure system based on individual private property, has permeated forms of social relationship between inhabitants, installing patterns of individuation that shape apathy towards the appropriation of space and common domain goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CES Derecho is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En los últimos años, en numerosos países de América Latina, los derechos de la naturaleza se han consagrado en la Constitución. El objetivo principal es tener en cuenta una visión indígena de la naturaleza. En el siguiente artículo examinaremos si los argumentos para conceder derechos a la naturaleza también pueden derivarse de la tradición del pensamiento occidental. Además, se tendrá en cuenta la historia del concepto de «naturaleza viva», desde Aristóteles hasta la actualidad, así como su importancia para el estatuto jurídico de la naturaleza. De particular importancia aquí es la cuestión del valor intrínseco de la naturaleza.

Este artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo analizar desde un estudio iusnaturalista el porte de armas en la normativa federal de los Estados Unidos. Esto en la medida que actualmente se han generado controversias suscitadas a raíz de la legislación existente en la cual la Corte Suprema ha salvaguardado y reafirmado el derecho a la defensa. Toda vez que, este derecho se ha convertido en un resguardo a la propiedad y bienes privados es por ello que, su protección contenida en la segunda y decimocuarta enmienda de la constitución lugar a un uso indiscriminado por falta de regulación, afectando en tal medida derechos inherentes a toda persona como lo son el derecho a la vida y la dignidad humana.

The state of Mato Grosso do Sul has a strong land concentration, marked by violence derived from the latifundium, the small peasants expropriation and the indigenous people murder. This work aims to analyze the land concentration origins in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, from the territorial formation process understanding and analysis, marked, especially, by land appropriation strategies legitimized by the State and favored by the granted legislation to territorial elites. For this, a wide bibliographic review was fulfilled on the Agrarian Question and the insertion of Mato Grosso do Sul lands in the capitalist logic, based on the works of several authors such as: Martins (1981;1994), Oliveira (1996; 2010), Moreno (2007), Queiroz (2008), Fabrini (2008), Almeida (2011), Nardoque (2015; 2018). As well as consulting the "Land Struggles" Database (DATALUTA) and its spatial representation, aiming to demonstrate the state's current land concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Historia del Derecho is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones de Historia del Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pacha: Journal of Contemporary Studies of the Global South / Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Derecho Privado y Constitución is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work seeks to cast a critical eye on the nature of the right to property from its threshold, demonstrating how violent nature is intrinsic to the alienation of the public good by an individual. By means of dialectical methodology and bibliographic research, we seek to outline contradictory views on property, revealing - by means of a summary of the thoughts of Locke and Rousseau - the inexistence of this right in a state of nature, with it instead derived from civil society. The research then moves on to consider the way in which Hegel's dialectic of the master and the slave is carried out, tracing the sequence of movements by which a conscience can arrive at its own recognition through the symbolic death of the other. Finally, we show how private property presents itself in relationships of domination and in the creation of a system of norms that legitimize violence, also offering a criticism of the way in which Hegel proposes the reflexive liberation of the slave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents legal difficulties encountered by the Admiral Keyser, to build a Palace in Sevilla in 1778. Particularly, those concerning the acquisition of the parcels and the transfer of property rights of the majorat ("Mayorazgo"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroecology research on the Global North is recognised by scholars in the Global South as technical and environmental, ignoring the political dimensions of agroecological movements and change. This article applies the epistemological traditions of critical Latin American agroecology to a Global North case study: England, in the United Kingdom. As the origin nation of capitalist industrial agriculture, the application of Latin American agroecological thought can tell us a lot about the dynamics of the English situation, colonialism, and the barriers to agroecological transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El impulso desde la academia del proyecto de reforma al Código Civil de Colombia es la oportunidad para debatir, estudiar, profundizar y dar respuestas apropiadas a una sociedad que demanda transformaciones necesarias e idóneas para garantizar la efectividad de los derechos. Este análisis instruye en el concepto de la propiedad, institución jurídica de vital importancia en el ordenamiento jurídico nacional, con apoyo en el método comparativo con el Código Civil argentino, particularmente en la reforma realizada en el año 2014, para confrontarlo con la propuesta de reforma del código colombiano, en un ejercicio descriptivo por resaltar las características más relevantes del concepto de propiedad y la influencia constitucional de 1991 en Colombia. Esto permitirá aportar una visión comparada y hermenéutica constitucional de la evolución de las bases ideológicas con las cuales nacieron la institución del derecho de propiedad, como derecho individual y subjetivo, hasta llegar a la estructura moderna abonada con el desarrollo doctrinal y jurisprudencial.

El trabajo presenta los obstáculos jurídicos que encontró el Almirante Keyser para adquirir las parcelas sobre las que edificaría su casa residencial de Sevilla en 1778. En particular se enfatizan las cuestiones ligadas a la transmisión de la propiedad de los bienes inmuebles que integran un mayorazgo.

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (0123-4366) is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departmento de Derecho Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los dispositivos jurídico-administrativos empleados ante conflictos entre la propiedad privada y el derecho al patrimonio cultural en dos inmuebles que han sido inscriptos en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Mundial (Unesco): la Estancia Santa Catalina, del sitio Manzana y Estancias Jesuíticas de Córdoba y la Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas en la Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. La investigación se limita históricamente a períodos en los cuales los conflictos fueron manifiestos. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, a partir del análisis documental de archivos y noticias periodísticas, complementado con entrevistas a informantes clave.

The Notary Public and the Biodiversity Foundation have joined forces to promote land stewardship in Spain. Experts in conservation, notaries, politicians, mayors, and NGOs participated in a conference on legal security and land stewardship. The importance of legal security in land stewardship and the need for strategic alliances and coordinated work among different actors were highlighted. The discussion also touched on the issue of shared forests and the lack of adequate legislation for their protection. Senator Martín participated in a debate on biodiversity conservation and the legal world, emphasizing the importance of notarial associations in regulating shared forests. The need for comprehensive legislation to address this issue was mentioned, as well as the legal difficulties in land stewardship and solutions to address depopulation in rural areas. The role of notaries in guaranteeing legal security was emphasized, and some recent initiatives of the Notary Public were mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

This study examines the political works works written by Marx between 1843 and 1857 -prior to the writing of the Grundrisse- which are part of his first stage of thinking. In this way, the argumentative structure used by the young Marx to justify his thesis of the extinction of the State is constructed, offering the reader the central arguments that support this idea

This article presents a case study detailing the difficulties and results of collaborating at a privately owned cave site. For many years, Spirit Eye Cave—a privately held cave system—was a pay-to-dig site, with detrimental effects on the archaeological deposits. The pay-to-dig chapter had impacted this important site, but professional archaeologists had not tried to piece together this destructive history. After months of sleuthing, it was determined that some of these pay-to-dig patrons had recovered and owned or sold Indigenous ancestors from the cave. This discovery was unexpected and shocking, but it focused the efforts at the site on the recovery of these ancestors from private collections. These conversations have been uncomfortable but have demarcated responsible and responsive stewards (RRSs) from bad actors, resulting in the recovery of multiple artifact collections and ancestors that have produced significant research results and opened previously nonexistent dialogues with modern descendant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the work is to analyze the circumstances of the land regularization process in Amapá, in the Brazilian Amazon, which still in current times, has not materialized and is involved in several social and legal imbroglios. To carry out the research, we critically analyzed the historical paths comparing the federal jurisdiction and what is applied in the State, the agents and conflicts generated. We conclude that Amapá, throughout its generational process was prevented from fully managing the lands of its territory with the implementation of several fractures intended for conservation and in recent times, has sought, in a contradictory way, the regularization and allocation to private land use (urban and rural) generating several types of conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, the Law of June 25, 1856 decreed the disentailment of communal lands and eliminated the legal personality of indigenous peoples. Faced with such provisions, the members of the towns sought legal ways to preserve and defend their territorial rights. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to analyze the formation and performance of agricultural societies in the State of Mexico, from 1856 to 1910. It is interesting to show that agricultural societies represented a legal mechanism, through which the members of the old communities they were able to defend and preserve the common administration of property; therefore in several cases communal lands were privatized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los derechos de propiedad y las formas de tenencia de la tierra durante los siglos XIX y XX en Chiapas, se han abierto campo en la historiografía local para resaltar las particularidades de las propiedades agrarias comunales y privadas. En este contexto, el trabajo contribuye a la discusión de las dinámicas de la propiedad privada en Chiapas por medio de los condueñazgos de Comitán. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en analizar una forma mancomún de propiedad privada, pero alejada de la idea de comunidad que se ha visto para otros lugares, indagando ¿qué son y cómo operaban los condueñazgos en Chiapas durante el siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX? y ¿cuáles fueron sus características? Estas cuestiones me permitirán delinear un aspecto de la historia agraria chiapaneca enfocada en la propiedad privada, especialmente aquellas correspondientes al territorio de frontera entre el entonces departamento político de Comitán y el noroccidente de Guatemala, el cual mantuvo un estado de indefinición de la línea fronteriza durante la mayor parte del siglo XIX.

Explores the way in which this criminal system structures the relation and hierarchies between two main values in contemporary societies: individual life and private property. To this end, we analyze how murders and attacks against property are punished. Firstly, we will consider the penalties established in the penal code. Later, since there is an important distance between what written law prohibits and the effective way in which the judiciary operates, we will analyze and compare sentences for murder and for robbery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address the agrarian issue in the historical context of private property laws in Brazil, in an overview of some aspects that relate it to the National Agrarian Reform Policy (PNRA). As a methodology, it appropriates the meaning of the permanence of the agrarian question in the present time and, from it, makes a brief historical survey of the legislation related to private property in Brazil, reaching the present day. Therefore, it is based on the use of the peasantry concept, relating it to the study of the problems linked to the concentration of land and its consequences for the development of the productive forces. It is observed, from this study, that the concentration of land in Brazil coexists, side by side, with the concept of private property, being both constituted in historical constructions of wide scope, being the same worked ideologically for centuries and that nowadays have repercussions in the sense of hindering the practical application of the concept of the social function of the land, for the fact of this function not being absorbed by the Brazilian ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]