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Video games are the digital entertainment resource most in demand by young people, which has led an increasing number of education experts to study their possible benefits. In particular, in this research, we set out to identify the potential of ‘Papers, Please’ to promote moral learning. Thus, we have tried to identify those objectives that go beyond the success in the video game and could favor moral learning. For this purpose, we have investigated what types of moral discourses arise from playing ‘Papers, Please’, a video game where you adopt the role of a customs inspector in a totalitarian state who must obtain the necessary money to fund their family. To do this, we analyzed the moral content of 1,560 player reviews. Results showed that only 4.94% of the reviews presented Moral Intuitions (moral content), which occurred more in the players who had played longer and had declared more Negative Emotions. As for the analysis of the Moral Intuitions, results showed that the players mainly made references to Care for both Family and Immigrants and point out the Authority of the State. However, Fairness/Cheating is less represented, despite the many events related to Immigrant discrimination. Through Exploratory Factor Analysis, we identified three dimensions, one of them pragmatic, oriented to success in the video game, and the others aimed at epistemic aspects beyond the objectives of the video game and that delve into the moral aspects of the game events. Hence, although spontaneous video game use is oriented toward pragmatic goals, ‘Papers, Please’ can guide players to think about the morality of the video game. Nevertheless, if we want to favor moral learning with ‘Papers, Please’, it is necessary to promote epistemic goals aimed at the explicitation of the morality that underlies the video game. To this end, we propose the application of scaffolding that favors these objectives, Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain [PID2020-114177RB-I00]

Background. The evaluation of successful aging includes objective criteria to measure cognitive function and psychological well-being and levels of functional capacity needed to perform daily activities related to the preservation of autonomy. In addition, the emergence of computerized cognitive training programs has allowed us to use a new class of tools to verify the theoretical postulates of neural plasticity in aging. Objective. The present study investigates subjective and objective criteria of successful aging in healthy older adults participating in a memory training program offered as two versions: computer and paper-and-pencil. Method. Fifty-four healthy older adult participants recruited for the study were organized into two training groups. Group 1 (G1) used the computer program and Group 2 (G2) used the paper-and-pencil program. Results. The analysis revealed no significant differences in psychological well-being between the two training groups. However, the groups did differ significantly in objective evaluations of successful aging, as measured by attention and everyday memory, and brain activity as measured by sLORETA, with G1 outperforming G2 on both measures. Conclusion. Computerized memory training programs show promise for restoring cognitive and cerebral functioning in older adults, and consequently, may be better suited to achieving the objective criteria of successful aging than paper-and-pencil memory training programs. However, this conclusion should be taken with caution since differences in age and educational level may have influenced the results.

[ES]: Este trabajo analiza todas las revistas de psicología que se hallan incluidas en las diversas categorías de las bases de datos JCR (SCI y SSCI) y SJR durante el periodo 2014-2016 para tratar de identificar las revistas que se encuentran mejor posicionadas en esta disciplina, sus especialidades y los países con mayor número de publicaciones indexados en dichas bases de datos. [Método]: Se analizó la distribución de revistas por países, cuartil y categoría para determinar la posición de las revistas en cada país e identificar los que tuviesen mayor cantidad de revistas de excelencia en psicología en la escena internacional. [Resultados]: Estados Unidos y Reino Unido tienen el mayor número de revistas incluidas en las bases de datos, así como Holanda, Alemania, Francia y España. Sólo 11 países poseen revistas en el cuartil 1 en la base de datos JCR, y 14 en SRJ. [Conclusiones]: Como resultado de la aplicación de los nuevos criterios evaluadores en la investigación psicológica en España, este trabajo aborda las dificultades y consecuencias que algunas de estas medidas pueden tener para la supervivencia de las revistas de psicología que no se encuentran posicionadas en cuartil 1 o 2 en las bases de datos usadas para la evaluación de los profesionales investigadores en esta disciplina, [EN]: This paper analyses all psychology journals included in the dif-ferent categories of the JCR (SCI and SSCI) and SJR databases during the period 2014-2016 in order to identify the journals that are better positioned in the discipline, and the specialities and countries with the highest number of publications indexed in such databases. [Method]: The distribution of psychology journals by country, quartile, and subject category was studied in order to determine the total number and position of journals in each country, and to identify the countries with more journals of ‘excellence’ in psychology in the international scene. [Results]: The United States and the United Kingdom had the highest number of journals included in the databases, as well as the Netherlands, Germany, France and Spain. Only 11 countries have psychology journals in quartile 1 in JCR, and 14 in SJR databases. [Conclusions]: As a result of the application of new evaluation criteria in psychology research in Spain, the paper addresses the difficulties and consequences that some of these measures may have for the survival of psychology journals that do not have a position in quartile 1 or 2 in the databases used for the evaluation of professionals’ research in this discipline.

Las familias en Argentina, al igual que en el resto del mundo, han cambiado muy rápidamente en las últimas décadas, pero siguen teniendo un rol preeminente porque representan un gran capital social y constituyen la única institución de protección frente al desempleo, la enfermedad y la inmigración. El capítulo aborda un análisis de la realidad argentina en relación a la percepción de 3036 participantes del trabajo del hogar. Fil: Mesurado, Maria Belen. Universidad Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J. A. Rimoldi; Argentina Fil: Debeljuh, Patricia. Universidad Austral; Argentina

El uso de sistemas híbridos en educación y las publicaciones que dan cuenta de estas experiencias han aumentado en la última década. Con el objetivo de conocer sobre este fenómeno para mejorar las experiencias presentes y futuras, se analizaron 245 artículos académicos con “blendedlearning” en el título. Los principales resultados, apoyando el análisis estadístico descriptivo, refieren al análisis de clusters. Se muestran tres grupos de publicaciones cuyas propiedades más importantes marcan tendencias generales: diversidad depapers; foco en la tecnología de comunicación; y foco en la práctica educativa. En general, se encontró una actividad educativa orientada a la práctica más que un objeto separado de investigación mostrando a este campo en una etapa de construcción creciente. Publications and use of hybrid systems in education have increased during the last ten years. This growing field of practice might be analyzed to increase our knowledge and improve present and future experiences. We present a study of 245 academic journal’s papers with ‘blended learning’ in the title. The main results, supporting the descriptive statistical analysis, are related to the cluster analyses. It was pointed out three distinguish groups of publications around their most important properties picturing general tendencies: the diversity of papers; the focus on communicational media; andthe focus on educational practice. In conclusion, blended learningpapers showed a practical educational activity more than a separated object of research revealing itas a growing construction field. Fil: Borgobello, Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina Fil: Raynaudo, Gabriela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina Fil: Peralta, Nadia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina

Ponencia -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Psicología. 2014. Ponencia presentada en V Congreso Latinoamericano de Psicología de la Unión Latinoamericana de Entidades de Psicología, Guatemala Se exponen evidencias de validez y confiabilidad del Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) en Costa Rica. En el Estudio 1 se adaptó el EAT-40 al léxico costarricense y se aplicó a 594 adolescentes. Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de .87. El riesgo de desarrollar trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) fue mayor en mujeres (18.6%) que en hombres (7.4%) y correlacionó con la identificación con modelos televisivos (r = .725) y con la insatisfacción con el aspecto físico (r = .562). En el Estudio 2 se compararon las puntuaciones de mujeres con TCA (n = 19) y sin él (n = 533). Se obtuvieron buenas propiedades de discriminación a partir de los puntajes de corte de 30 (sensibilidad 63.2%, especificidad 85.8%) y de 20 (sensibilidad 73.7%, especificidad 71.8%). En el Estudio 3 se aplicó el EAT-40 a una muestra nacional de adolescentes de ambos sexos (n = 4,285). La prevalencia del riesgo fue de 6.2%, siendo mayor en mujeres (9.4%) que en hombres (2.3%) y los mejores predictores del riesgo en mujeres fueron los malestares psicosomáticos (β = .275) y el nivel de satisfacción con la imagen corporal (β = -.159). The paper reports evidence of validity and reliability of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) in Costa Rica. In Study 1, the EAT-40 was adapted to Costa Rican lexicon and applied to 594 adolescent. A Cronbach´s alpha of .87 was obtained, the risk of developing eating disorders (ED) was higher in women (18.6%) than men (7.4%), and this risk correlated with the identification with television models (r = .725) and with the dissatisfaction with physical appearance (r = .562). In Study 2, scores of women with ED (n = 19) and without it (n = 533) were compared. Good discrimination properties were obtained from the cut points of 30 (sensitivity 63.2%, specificity 85.8%) and 20 (sensitivity 73.7%, specificity 71.8%). In Study 3 the EAT-40 was applied to a national sample of adolescents of both sexes (n = 4285). The prevalence of risk was 6.2%, being higher in women (9.4%) than in men (2.3%) and the best predictors of risk in women were psychosomatic symptoms (β = .275) and the level of satisfaction with the body image (β = -.159). Universidad de Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Psicología

Este estudio pretende describir los modos de inscripción del sujeto en el género de discurso del artículo de investigación científica de Psicología. Se explora cómo el sujeto lógico de que se habla en el enunciado se inscribe en el sujeto gramatical de la oración. Para ello, se realizó un análisis de discurso de la conclusión o discusión de una muestra de 104 artículos publicados en dos revistas de Psicología chilenas entre el 2007 y el 2011. Los resultados indican un predominio de los modos de enunciación nominalizados eidéticos y metadiscursivos, en que se habla de conceptos y construcciones conceptuales, como si se tratase de hechos impersonales sin presencia de agentes., Este estudo pretende descrever os modos de inscrição do sujeito no gênero de discurso artigo de investigação científica de Psicologia. Explora-se como o sujeito lógico de que se fala no enunciado se inscreve no sujeito gramatical da oração. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise de discurso da conclusão ou discussão de uma amostra de 104 artigos publicados em duas revistas de Psicologia chilenas entre 2007 e 2011. Os resultados indicam um predomínio dos modos de enunciação nominalizados eidéticos e metadiscursivos, em que se fala de conceitos e construções conceptuais, como se se tratasse de fatos impessoais sem a presença de agentes., This study aims to describe the modes of inscription of the subject in the genre of scientific research article in Psychology. It explores how the logical subject of the utterance fits into the grammatical subject of the sentence. To do this, we conducted a discourse analysis of the conclusion or discussion of a sample of 104 articles published in two Chilean psychology journals between 2007 and 2011. The results indicate a predominance of eidetic nominalized and metadiscursive modes of enunciation, which speak of concepts and conceptual constructions, as if it were impersonal events without the presence of agents.

Os principais objetivos deste artigo giram na discussão do tema Finanças Comportamentais, sendo tomado paralelamente à hipótese de mercados eficientes (HME). A previsibilidade dos retornos financeiros é um outro ponto a ser discutido, pois a HME fracassa quando da previsão destes retornos. As Finanças Comportamentais deixam o pressuposto de racionalidade ilimitada de lado, trabalhando com áreas afins, tais como Psicologia e Sociologia. Diversos componentes do arcabouço teórico são abordados para dar ênfase a um tema que está em voga desde o início da década e tendo maior importância no Brasil. As anomalias nos mercados são tratadas pela teoria convencional de finanças de forma diferente do tratamento dado pelas Finanças Comportamentais, que se baseia na limitação da racionalidade dos entes e não só nas informações que são disponibilizadas nos mercados. The main objectives of this article operate in the discussion of the subject Behavioral Finance, being taken in parallel to the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH). The predictability of financial returns is another point to be discussed, because the EMH fails when the prediction of returns. The Behavioral Finance leave the assumption of unlimited rationality aside, working with related fields such as psychology and sociology. Various components of theoretical are addressed to give emphasis to an issue that is in vogue since the beginning of the decade and having a larger presence in Brazil. The anomalies in the markets are treated by the conventional theory of finance differently to the treatment given by the Behavioral Finance, which is based on limiting the rationality of agents and not only on information that is available in the markets.

Ethics and communication with patients are basic transversal skills for the Degrees in Medicine, Physiotherapy and Nutrition. In this model, senior students use video to create simulated clinical cases with ethics and communication components, and conduct academic mentoring using these cases. To ensure quality video recordings, the students are introduced to visual language by students of the Master's in Communication, thus completing the learning cycle.

This article unpacks the basic mechanisms by which paralinguistic features communicated through the voice can affect evaluative judgments and persuasion. Special emphasis is placed on exploring the rapidly emerging literature on vocal features linked to appraisals of confidence (e.g., vocal pitch, intonation, speech rate, loudness, etc.), and their subsequent impact on information processing and meta-cognitive processes of attitude change. The main goal of this review is to advance understanding of the different psychological processes by which paralinguistic markers of confidence can affect attitude change, specifying the conditions under which they are more likely to operate. In sum, we highlight the importance of considering basic mechanisms of attitude change to predict when and why appraisals of paralinguistic markers of confidence can lead to more or less persuasion, Funding was provided by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Grant Numbers: 410-2010-1374, 435-2015-0114).

Background Anxiety symptoms during public health crises are associated with adverse psychiatric outcomes and impaired health decision-making. The interaction between real-time social media use patterns and clinical anxiety during infectious disease outbreaks is underexplored. Objective We aimed to evaluate the usage pattern of 2 types of social media apps (communication and social networking) among patients in outpatient psychiatric treatment during the COVID-19 surge and lockdown in Madrid, Spain and their short-term anxiety symptoms (7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale) at clinical follow-up. Methods The individual-level shifts in median social media usage behavior from February 1 through May 3, 2020 were summarized using repeated measures analysis of variance that accounted for the fixed effects of the lockdown (prelockdown versus postlockdown), group (clinical anxiety group versus nonclinical anxiety group), the interaction of lockdown and group, and random effects of users. A machine learning–based approach that combined a hidden Markov model and logistic regression was applied to predict clinical anxiety (n=44) and nonclinical anxiety (n=51), based on longitudinal time-series data that comprised communication and social networking app usage (in seconds) as well as anxiety-associated clinical survey variables, including the presence of an essential worker in the household, worries about life instability, changes in social interaction frequency during the lockdown, cohabitation status, and health status. Results Individual-level analysis of daily social media usage showed that the increase in communication app usage from prelockdown to lockdown period was significantly smaller in the clinical anxiety group than that in the nonclinical anxiety group (F1,72=3.84, P=.05). The machine learning model achieved a mean accuracy of 62.30% (SD 16%) and area under the receiver operating curve 0.70 (SD 0.19) in 10-fold cross-validation in identifying the clinical anxiety group. Conclusions Patients who reported severe anxiety symptoms were less active in communication apps after the mandated lockdown and more engaged in social networking apps in the overall period, which suggested that there was a different pattern of digital social behavior for adapting to the crisis. Predictive modeling using digital biomarkers—passive-sensing of shifts in category-based social media app usage during the lockdown—can identify individuals at risk for psychiatric sequelae.

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) tools appear to be useful interventions for collecting real-time data on patients behavior and functioning. However, concerns have been voiced regarding the acceptability of EMA among patients with schizophrenia and the factors influencing EMA acceptability. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of a passive smartphone-based EMA app, evidence-based behavior (eB2), among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and the putative variables underlying their acceptance. Methods: The participants in this study were from an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of metacognitive training, consisting of outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20-29 of 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), aged 18-64 years, none of whom received any financial compensation. Those who consented to installation of the eB2 app (users) were compared with those who did not (nonusers) in sociodemographic, clinical, premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive, psychopathological, insight, and metacognitive variables. A multivariable binary logistic regression tested the influence of the above (independent) variables on being user versus nonuser (acceptability), which was the main outcome measure. Results: Out of the 77 RCT participants, 24 (31%) consented to installing eB2, which remained installed till the end of the study (median follow-up 14.50 weeks) in 14 participants (70%). Users were younger and had a higher education level, better premorbid adjustment, better executive function (according to the Trail Making Test), and higher cognitive insight levels (measured with the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale) than nonusers (univariate analyses) although only age (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-0.99; P=048) and early adolescence premorbid adjustment (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61-0.93; P=01) survived the multivariable regression model, thus predicting eB2 acceptability. Conclusions: Acceptability of a passive smartphone-based EMA app among participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in this RCT where no participant received financial compensation was, as expected, relatively low, and linked with being young and good premorbid adjustment. Further research should examine how to increase EMA acceptability in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, in particular, older participants and those with poor premorbid adjustment. This study was supported by the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and European Union via the Intertalentum Project Grant-Marie Skodowska Curie Actions (GA 713366) to JDLM who is the principal investigator. This grant, therefore, funds both JDLM's salary and the consumable expenses related to the study. MLB, VGRR, ASEM, PJEA, SSA, LMI, LML, and EBG's salaries come from the Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, where this study is currently being carried out, which therefore provides the necessary institutional/departmental support for its development. Additional departmental support concerning the use of EMA is provided by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Spain) (ISCIII PI16/01852), the Madrid Regional Government (Madrid, Spain) (B2017/BMD-3740 AGES-CM 2CM; Y2018/TCS-4705 PRACTICO-CM), and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (TEC2017-92552-EXP). ASD acknowledges funding support from University College London, which covers his salary. The funders had no role in hypothesis generation, study design, decision to publish, or the manuscript writing. No funder has a conflict of interest in relation to the study's results and findings. The funding bodies supported the peer review for this manuscript.

Les planes que segueixen miren de posar en relleu les competències, les funcions i els avantatges d'un laboratori de psicologia anormal dins un hospital universitari. Un laboratori així hauria d'ésser de recerca bàsica, i no tant per ella mateixa sinó com a dinamo de qualsevol altre tipus de recerca. Si no hi ha cap laboratori com el proposat al nostre país. país, és degut, en principi, a la irracional distribució de la renda i a la irracional organització social. D'altra banda, en absència d'aquestes irracionalitats però sense autogovern, aquest laboratori fóra a uns 700 km de distancia, a Madrid. Som molt conscients que ara com ara no és possible de fundar laboratoris com cal. Però també estam convençuts que no cal restar amb les mans plegades,...

This paper traces some inflections in the psy disciplines? discourses and technologies for the government of subjectivity during the last decades. It is focused on exploring different mechanisms through which psychological disciplines ?their discourses, techniques and practices? penetrate social life and contribute to establishing subject models consistent with transformations in the political and economic rationalities of late capitalism. Drawing on previous research in the field of gender politics and happiness discourses in the pop psychological culture, I track a line with three moments: i) the production of psychological individuality and identity normalization; ii) the proliferation of identity categories within the culture of self-empowerment; and iii) the management of affects and the re-timing of bodily propensities

BackgroundMental health problems are widely recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide. This concern highlights the need to develop effective tools for detecting mental health disorders in the population. Social networks are a promising source of data wherein patients publish rich personal information that can be mined to extract valuable psychological cues; however, these data come with their own set of challenges, such as the need to disambiguate between statements about oneself and third parties. Traditionally, natural language processing techniques for social media have looked at text classifiers and user classification models separately, hence presenting a challenge for researchers who want to combine text sentiment and user sentiment analysis.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop a predictive model that can detect users with depression from Twitter posts and instantly identify textual content associated with mental health topics. The model can also address the problem of anaphoric resolution and highlight anaphoric interpretations.MethodsWe retrieved the data set from Twitter by using a regular expression or stream of real-time tweets comprising 3682 users, of which 1983 self-declared their depression and 1699 declared no depression. Two multiple instance learning models were developed—one with and one without an anaphoric resolution encoder—to identify users with depression and highlight posts related to the mental health of the author. Several previously published models were applied to our data set, and their performance was compared with that of our models.ResultsThe maximum accuracy, F1 score, and area under the curve of our anaphoric resolution model were 92%, 92%, and 90%, respectively. The model outperformed alternative predictive models, which ranged from classical machine learning models to deep learning models.ConclusionsOur model with anaphoric resolution shows promising results when compared with other predictive models and provides valuable insights into textual content that is relevant to the mental health of the tweeter.

Background Extant research supports causal roles of cognitive biases in stress regulation under experimental conditions. However, their contribution to psychological adjustment in the face of ecological major stressors has been largely unstudied. Objective We developed a novel online method for the ecological examination of attention and interpretation biases during major stress (ie, the COVID-19 lockdown in March/April 2020) and tested their relations with the use of emotion regulation strategies (ie, reappraisal and rumination) to account for individual differences in psychological adjustment to major COVID-19–related stressors (ie, low depression and anxiety, and high well-being and resilience). Methods Participants completed an online protocol evaluating the psychological impact of COVID-19–related stressors and the use of emotion regulation strategies in response to them, during the initial weeks of the lockdown of March/April 2020. They also completed a new online cognitive task designed to remotely assess attention and interpretation biases for negative information. The psychometric properties of the online cognitive bias assessments were very good, supporting their feasibility for ecological evaluation. Results Structural equation models showed that negative interpretation bias was a direct predictor of worst psychological adjustment (higher depression and anxiety, and lower well-being and resilience; χ29=7.57; root mean square error of approximation=0.000). Further, rumination mediated the influence of interpretation bias in anxiety (P=.045; 95% CI 0.03-3.25) and resilience (P=.001; 95% CI −6.34 to −1.65), whereas reappraisal acted as a mediator of the influence of both attention (P=.047; 95% CI −38.71 to −0.16) and interpretation biases (P=.04; 95% CI −5.25 to −0.12) in well-being. Conclusions This research highlights the relevance of individual processes of attention and interpretation during periods of adversity and identifies modifiable protective factors that can be targeted through online interventions.

Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Background: Interoception refers to the ability to sense body signals. Two interoceptive dimensions have been recently proposed: (a) interoceptive sensitivity (IS) -objective accuracy in detecting internal bodily sensations (e.g., heartbeat, breathing)-; and (b) metacognitive interoception (MI) -explicit beliefs and worries about one's own interoceptive sensitivity and internal sensations. Current models of panic assume a possible influence of interoception on the development of panic attacks. Hypervigilance to body symptoms is one of the most characteristic manifestations of panic disorders. Some explanations propose that patients have abnormal IS, whereas other accounts suggest that misinterpretations or catastrophic beliefs play a pivotal role in the development of their psychopathology. Our goal was to evaluate these theoretical proposals by examining whether patients differed from controls in IS, MI, or both. Twenty-one anxiety disorders patients with panic attacks and 13 healthy controls completed a behavioral measure of IS motor heartbeat detection (HBD) and two questionnaires measuring MI. Findings: Patients did not differ from controls in IS. However, significant differences were found in MI measures. Patients presented increased worries in their beliefs about somatic sensations compared to controls. These results reflect a discrepancy between direct body sensing (IS) and reflexive thoughts about body states (MI). Conclusion: Our findings support the idea that hypervigilance to body symptoms is not necessarily a bottom-up dispositional tendency (where patients are hypersensitive about bodily signals), but rather a metacognitive process related to threatening beliefs about body/somatic sensations. Fil: Yoris Magnago, Adrián Ezequiel. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina Fil: Esteves, Sol. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina Fil: Couto, Juan Blas Marcos. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina Fil: Melloni, Margherita. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile Fil: Kichic, Rafael. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina Fil: Cetkovich Bakmas, Marcelo Gustavo. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina Fil: Favaloro, Roberto. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina Fil: Moser, Jason. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile Fil: Ibanez Barassi, Agustin Mariano. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Universidad Autonoma del Caribe; Colombia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Sedeño, Lucas. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile

Este artículo pretende poner de manifiesto las principales formas, funciones y tipos de fuente de la citación en dos revistas de Psicología chilenas. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las citas de 106 artículos, publicados entre el 2008 y el 2012 en la Revista de Psicología y en la revista Psykhe. Los resultados muestran cierto predominio de prácticas de citación meramente referenciales, confirmatorias y bibliográficas, que podrían caracterizarse como metatextuales. This article aims to highlight the main forms, functions and types of source of citation in two Chilean journals of Psychology. A content analysis of citations of 106 articles, published between 2008 and 2012 in Revista de Psicología and Psykhe, was performed. The results show certain predominance of purely referential, confirmatory and bibliographic citation practices, which could be characterized as metatextual.

Il presente contributo è rivolto all’approfondimento dei primi anni dell’attività e della produzione di Francesco De Sarlo, a partire dall’anno della sua laurea in medicina nell’Ateneo napoletano, avvenuta nel 1887. Dopo avere esercitato la professione medica per alcuni anni, il giovane De Sarlo si è dedicato alla psichiatria e alla neurologia. A partire dal 1892/1893 ha insegnato filosofia nei licei, seppure aspirando a quello universitario; infatti, nel 1897 ha conseguito la libera docenza in Filosofia teoretica e tre anni dopo ha ottenuto il suo primo insegnamento nell’Istituto di Studi Superiori di Firenze. Si è prestata attenzione anche ai primi studi di De Sarlo, relativi agli anni 1887-1893, incentrati prevalentemente sui temi dell’inconscio e della teoria darwiniana dell’evoluzione. Dalla sua vasta e articolata produzione, si evince il ricorrere, già da parte del giovane medico, a temi classici, sia nei campi della scienza che della filosofia. Inoltre, il lavoro riporta un elenco completo delle opere dell’Autore, suddiviso in due sezioni, che riportano, rispettivamente, da una parte le monografie e dall’altra i saggi e le recensioni. Si tratta di un indice per la prima volta esaustivo, comprendente i duecentoventiquattro titoli che costituiscono l’intera bibliografia di De Sarlo. Infine, si è ritenuto opportuno riportare il testo delle lettere inviate da De Sarlo a Carlo Cantoni, a Angelo De Gubernatis, a Giacomo Barzellotti e a Pio Rajna; infatti, attraverso i contenuti di questo materiale inedito, è possibile ricostruire le tappe del percorso che ha portato il giovane medico dalla medicina alla filosofia e dalla psichiatria alla psicologia. This work aims to examine in depth earlier years of Francesco De Sarlo’s activity and production, from the year of his degree in medicine at the University of Naples, in 1887. After the exercising of the medical profession, young De Sarlo he dedicated himself to psychiatry and neurology. Starting to the years 1892/1893 he taught philosophy at the high schools, even though striving to teach this subject at the university; indeed, in 1897 he earned the “libera docenza” in “Filosofia teoretica” and three years later he obtained his first teaching chair at the “Istituto di Studi Superiori” in Firenze. We paid attention also to the earlier De Sarlo’s studies and works, in the years 1887-1893, mainly concerned on the unconscious on Darwin’s theory of evolution. By his wide work, it is clear his interest in classical themes, deriving from science and from philosophy. Moreover, this work contains a complete list of the Authors works, divided in two sections, respectively containing “monographs” and “essays and reviews”. It is the first exhaustive index of De Sarlo’s whole bibliography, including all the 224 titles. Finally, it was considered appropriate to report the text of some letters De Sarlo sent to Carlo Cantoni, Angelo De Gubernatis, Giacomo Barzellotti and Pio Rajna; indeed, by the contents of these unreleased papers, it is possible to retrace the stages of the path that leaded this young medical doctor from medicine to philosophy and from psychiatry to psychology.